1521
FAMINE was now gradually working its way into the heart of the beleaguered2 city. It seemed certain that, with this strict blockade, the crowded population must in the end be driven to capitulate, though no arm should be raised against them. But it required time; and the Spaniards, though constant and enduring by nature, began to be impatient of hardships scarcely inferior to those experienced by the besieged3. In some respects their condition was even worse, exposed as they were to the cold, drenching4 rains, which fell with little intermission, rendering6 their situation dreary7 and disastrous in the extreme.
In this state of things, there were many who would willingly have shortened their sufferings and taken the chance of carrying the place by a coup8 de main. Others thought it would be best to get possession of the great market of Tlatelolco, which, from its situation in the northwestern part{36} of the city, might afford the means of communication with the camps of both Alvarado and Sandoval. This place, encompassed9 by spacious10 porticoes11, would furnish accommodations for a numerous host; and, once established in the capital, the Spaniards would be in a position to follow up the blow with far more effect than at a distance.
These arguments were pressed by several of the officers, particularly by Alderete, the royal treasurer12, a person of much consideration, not only from his rank, but from the capacity and zeal13 he had shown in the service. In deference14 to their wishes, Cortés summoned a council of war, and laid the matter before it. The treasurer’s views were espoused15 by most of the high-mettled cavaliers, who looked with eagerness to any change of their present forlorn and wearisome life; and Cortés, thinking it, probably, more prudent16 to adopt the less expedient17 course than to enforce a cold and reluctant obedience18 to his own opinion, suffered himself to be overruled.[42]
A day was fixed19 for the assault, which was to be made simultaneously20 by the two divisions under Alvarado and the commander-in-chief. Sandoval was instructed to draw off the greater part of his forces from the northern causeway and to unite himself with Alvarado, while seventy picked{37} soldiers were to be detached to the support of Cortés.
On the appointed morning, the two armies, after the usual celebration of mass, advanced along their respective causeways against the city.[43] They were supported, in addition to the brigantines, by a numerous fleet of Indian boats, which were to force a passage up the canals, and by a countless21 multitude of allies, whose very numbers served in the end to embarrass their operations. After clearing the suburbs, three avenues presented themselves, which all terminated in the square of Tlatelolco. The principal one, being of much greater width than the other two, might rather be called a causeway than a street, since it was flanked by deep canals on either side. Cortés divided his force into three bodies. One of them he placed under Alderete, with orders to occupy the principal street. A second he gave in charge to Andres de Tápia and Jorge de Alvarado; the former a cavalier of courage and capacity, the latter a younger brother of Don Pedro, and possessed22 of the intrepid23 spirit which belonged to that chivalrous24 family. These were to penetrate25 by one of the parallel streets, while the general himself, at the head of the third division, was to occupy the other. A small body of cavalry26, with two or three field-pieces, was sta{38}tioned as a reserve in front of the great street of Tacuba, which was designated as the rallying-point for the different divisions.[44]
Cortés gave the most positive instructions to his captains not to advance a step without securing the means of retreat by carefully filling up the ditches and the openings in the causeway. The neglect of this precaution by Alvarado, in an assault which he had made on the city but a few days before, had been attended with such serious consequences to his army that Cortés rode over, himself, to his officer’s quarters, for the purpose of publicly reprimanding him for his disobedience of orders. On his arrival at the camp, however, he found that his offending captain had conducted the affair with so much gallantry, that the intended reprimand—though well deserved—subsided into a mild rebuke28.[45]
The arrangements being completed, the three divisions marched at once up the several streets. Cortés, dismounting, took the van of his own squadron, at the head of his infantry29. The Mexicans fell back as he advanced, making less resistance than usual. The Spaniards pushed on, carrying one barricade31 after another, and carefully filling up the gaps with rubbish, so as to secure{39} themselves a footing. The canoes supported the attack, by moving along the canals and grappling with those of the enemy; while numbers of the nimble-footed Tlascalans, scaling the terraces, passed on from one house to another, where they were connected, hurling32 the defenders33 into the streets below. The enemy, taken apparently34 by surprise, seemed incapable35 of withstanding for a moment the fury of the assault; and the victorious36 Christians37, cheered on by the shouts of triumph which arose from their companions in the adjoining streets, were only the more eager to be first at the destined38 goal.
Indeed, the facility of his success led the general to suspect that he might be advancing too fast; that it might be a device of the enemy to draw them into the heart of the city and then surround or attack them in the rear. He had some misgivings39, moreover, lest his too ardent40 officers, in the heat of the chase, should, notwithstanding his commands, have overlooked the necessary precaution of filling up the breaches41. He accordingly brought his squadron to a halt, prepared to baffle any insidious43 movement of his adversary44. Meanwhile he received more than one message from Alderete, informing him that he had nearly gained the market. This only increased the general’s apprehension45 that, in the rapidity of his advance, he might have neglected to secure the ground. He determined46 to trust no eyes but his own, and, taking a small body of troops, proceeded at once to reconnoitre the route followed by the treasurer.
He had not proceeded far along the great street,{40} or causeway, when his progress was arrested by an opening ten or twelve paces wide, and filled with water, at least two fathoms48 deep, by which a communication was formed between the canals on the opposite sides. A feeble attempt had been made to stop the gap with the rubbish of the causeway, but in too careless a manner to be of the least service; and a few straggling stones and pieces of timber only showed that the work had been abandoned almost as soon as begun.[46] To add to his consternation49, the general observed that the sides of the causeway in this neighborhood had been pared off, and, as was evident, very recently. He saw in all this the artifice50 of the cunning enemy, and had little doubt that his hot-headed officer had rushed into a snare51 deliberately52 laid for him. Deeply alarmed, he set about repairing the mischief53 as fast as possible, by ordering his men to fill up the yawning chasm54.
But they had scarcely begun their labors55, when the hoarse56 echoes of conflict in the distance were succeeded by a hideous57 sound of mingled58 yells and war-whoops, that seemed to rend5 the very heavens. This was followed by a rushing noise, as of the tread of thronging59 multitudes, showing that the tide of battle was turned back from its former course, and was rolling on towards the spot{41} where Cortés and his little band of cavaliers were planted.
His conjecture60 proved too true. Alderete had followed the retreating Aztecs with an eagerness which increased with every step of his advance. He had carried the barricades61 which had defended the breach42, without much difficulty, and, as he swept on, gave orders that the opening should be stopped. But the blood of the high-spirited cavaliers was warmed by the chase, and no one cared to be detained by the ignoble62 occupation of filling up the ditches, while he could gather laurels63 so easily in the fight; and they all pressed on, exhorting64 and cheering one another with the assurance of being the first to reach the square of Tlatelolco. In this way they suffered themselves to be decoyed into the heart of the city; when suddenly the horn of Guatemozin—the sacred symbol, heard only in seasons of extraordinary peril65—sent forth66 a long and piercing note from the summit of a neighboring teocalli. In an instant, the flying Aztecs, as if maddened by the blast, wheeled about, and turned on their pursuers. At the same time, countless swarms68 of warriors69 from the adjoining streets and lanes poured in upon the flanks of the assailants, filling the air with the fierce, unearthly cries which had reached the ears of Cortés, and drowning, for a moment, the wild dissonance which reigned70 in the other quarters of the capital.[47]{42}
The army, taken by surprise, and shaken by the fury of the assault, was thrown into the utmost disorder71. Friends and foes73, white men and Indians, were mingled together in one promiscuous74 mass. Spears, swords, and war-clubs were brandished75 together in the air. Blows fell at random76. In their eagerness to escape, they trod down one another. Blinded by the missiles which now rained on them from the azoteas, they staggered on, scarcely knowing in what direction, or fell, struck down by hands which they could not see. On they came, like a rushing torrent77 sweeping78 along some steep declivity79, and rolling in one confused tide towards the open breach, on the farther side of which stood Cortés and his companions, horror-struck at the sight of the approaching ruin. The foremost soon plunged80 into the gulf81, treading one another under the flood, some striving ineffectually to swim, others, with more success, to clamber over the heaps of their suffocated82 comrades. Many, as they attempted to scale the opposite sides of the slippery dike83, fell into the water, or were hurried off by the warriors in the canoes, who added to the horrors of the rout47 by the fresh storm of darts84 and javelins86 which they poured on the fugitives87.
Cortés, meanwhile, with his brave followers89, kept his station undaunted on the other side of the breach. “I had made up my mind,” he says, “to{43} die, rather than desert my poor followers in their extremity90!”[48] With outstretched hands he endeavored to rescue as many as he could from the watery91 grave, and from the more appalling92 fate of captivity93. He as vainly tried to restore something like presence of mind and order among the distracted fugitives. His person was too well known to the Aztecs, and his position now made him a conspicuous94 mark for their weapons. Darts, stones, and arrows fell around him thick as hail, but glanced harmless from his steel helmet and armor of proof. At length a cry of “Malinche,” “Malinche,” arose among the enemy; and six of their number, strong and athletic95 warriors, rushing on him at once, made a violent effort to drag him on board their boat. In the struggle he received a severe wound in the leg, which, for the time, disabled it. There seemed to be no hope for him; when a faithful follower88, Cristóval de Olea, perceiving his general’s extremity, threw himself on the Aztecs, and with a blow cut off the arm of one savage96, and then plunged his sword in the body of another. He was quickly supported by a comrade named Lerma, and by a Tlascalan chief, who, fighting over the prostrate97 body of Cortés, despatched three more of the assailants; though the heroic Olea paid dearly for his self-devotion, as he fell mortally wounded by the side of his general.[49]{44}
The report soon spread among the soldiers that their commander was taken; and Qui?ones, the captain of his guard, with several others, pouring in to the rescue, succeeded in disentangling Cortés from the grasp of his enemies, who were struggling with him in the water, and, raising him in their arms, placed him again on the causeway. One of his pages, meanwhile, had advanced some way through the press, leading a horse for his master to mount. But the youth received a wound in the throat from a javelin85, which prevented him from effecting his object. Another of his attendants was more successful. It was Guzman, his chamberlain; but, as he held the bridle98 while Cortés was{45} assisted into the saddle, he was snatched away by the Aztecs, and, with the swiftness of thought, hurried off by their canoes. The general still lingered, unwilling99 to leave the spot while his presence could be of the least service. But the faithful Qui?ones, taking his horse by the bridle, turned his head from the breach, exclaiming, at the same time, that “his master’s life was too important to the army to be thrown away there.”[50]
Yet it was no easy matter to force a passage through the press. The surface of the causeway, cut up by the feet of men and horses, was knee-deep in mud, and in some parts was so much broken that the water from the canals flowed over it. The crowded mass, in their efforts to extricate100 themselves from their perilous101 position, staggered to and fro like a drunken man. Those on the flanks were often forced by the lateral102 pressure of their comrades down the slippery sides of the dike, where they were picked up by the canoes of the enemy, whose shouts of triumph proclaimed the savage joy with which they gathered in every new victim for the sacrifice. Two cavaliers, riding by the general’s side, lost their footing, and rolled down the declivity into the water. One was taken and his horse killed. The other was happy enough to escape. The valiant103 ensign, Corral, had a similar piece of good fortune. He slipped into the{46} canal, and the enemy felt sure of their prize, when he again succeeded in recovering the causeway, with the tattered104 banner of Castile still flying above his head. The barbarians106 set up a cry of disappointed rage as they lost possession of a trophy107 to which the people of Anahuac attached, as we have seen, the highest importance, hardly inferior in their eyes to the capture of the commander-in-chief himself.[51]
Cortés at length succeeded in regaining108 the firm ground, and reaching the open place before the great street of Tacuba. Here, under a sharp fire of the artillery109, he rallied his broken squadrons, and, charging at the head of the little body of horse, which, not having been brought into action, were still fresh, he beat off the enemy. He then commanded the retreat of the two other divisions. The scattered110 forces again united; and the general, sending forward his Indian confederates, took the rear with a chosen body of cavalry to cover the retreat of the army, which was effected with but little additional loss.[52]
Andres de Tápia was despatched to the western causeway to acquaint Alvarado and Sandoval with the failure of the enterprise. Meanwhile the two
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THE STANDARD OF CORTéS
{47}
captains had penetrated111 far into the city. Cheered by the triumphant112 shouts of their countrymen in the adjacent streets, they had pushed on with extraordinary vigor113, that they might not be out-stripped in the race of glory. They had almost reached the market-place, which lay nearer to their quarters than to the general’s, when they heard the blast from the dread114 horn of Guatemozin,[53] followed by the overpowering yell of the barbarians, which had so startled the ears of Cortés; till at length the sounds of the receding115 conflict died away in the distance. The two captains now understood that the day must have gone hard with their countrymen. They soon had further proof of it, when the victorious Aztecs, returning from the pursuit of Cortés, joined their forces to those engaged with Sandoval and Alvarado, and fell on them with redoubled fury. At the same time they rolled on the ground two or three of the bloody116 heads of the Spaniards, shouting the name of “Malinche.” The captains, struck with horror at the spectacle,—though they gave little credit to the words of the enemy,—instantly ordered a retreat. Indeed, it was not in their power to maintain their ground against the furious assaults of the besieged, who poured on them, swarm67 after swarm, with a desperation of which, says one who was{48} there, “although it seems as if it were now present to my eyes, I can give but a faint idea to the reader. God alone could have brought us off safe from the perils117 of that day.”[54] The fierce barbarians followed up the Spaniards to their very intrenchments. But here they were met, first by the crossfire118 of the brigantines, which, dashing through the palisades planted to obstruct119 their movements, completely enfiladed the causeway, and next by that of the small battery erected120 in front of the camp, which, under the management of a skilful121 engineer, named Medrano, swept the whole length of the defile122. Thus galled123 in front and on flank, the shattered columns of the Aztecs were compelled to give way and take shelter under the defences of the city.
The greatest anxiety now prevailed in the camp regarding the fate of Cortés; for Tápia had been detained on the road by scattered parties of the enemy, whom Guatemozin had stationed there to interrupt the communication between the camps. He arrived at length, however, though bleeding from several wounds. His intelligence, while it reassured124 the Spaniards as to the general’s personal safety, was not calculated to allay125 their uneasiness in other respects.
Sandoval, in particular, was desirous to acquaint himself with the actual state of things and the further intentions of Cortés. Suffering as he was{49} from three wounds, which he had received in that day’s fight, he resolved to visit in person the quarters of the commander-in-chief. It was mid-day—for the busy scenes of the morning had occupied but a few hours—when Sandoval remounted the good steed on whose strength and speed he knew he could rely. It was a noble animal, well known throughout the army, and worthy126 of its gallant27 rider, whom it had carried safe through all the long marches and bloody battles of the Conquest.[55] On the way he fell in with Guatemozin’s scouts127, who gave him chase, and showered around him volleys of missiles, which, fortunately, found no vulnerable point in his own harness or that of his well-barbed charger.
On arriving at the camp, he found the troops there much worn and dispirited by the disaster of the morning. They had good reason to be so. Besides the killed, and a long file of wounded, sixty-two Spaniards, with a multitude of allies, had fallen alive into the hands of the enemy,—an enemy who was never known to spare a captive. The loss of two field-pieces and seven horses crowned their own disgrace and the triumph of the Aztecs. This loss, so insignificant128 in European warfare129, was a great one here, where both horses and artillery, the most powerful arms of war against the{50} barbarians, were not to be procured130 without the greatest cost and difficulty.[56]
Cortés, it was observed, had borne himself throughout this trying day with his usual intrepidity131 and coolness. The only time he was seen to falter132 was when the Mexicans threw down before him the heads of several Spaniards, shouting, at the same time, “Sandoval,” “Tonatiuh,” the well-known epithet133 of Alvarado. At the sight of the gory134 trophies135 he grew deadly pale; but, in a moment recovering his usual confidence, he endeavored to cheer up the drooping136 spirits of his followers. It was with a cheerful countenance137 that he now received his lieutenant138; but a shade of sadness was visible through this outward composure, showing how the catastrophe139 of the puente cuidada, “the sorrowful bridge,” as he mournfully called it, lay heavy at his heart.
To the cavalier’s anxious inquiries140 as to the cause of the disaster, he replied, “It is for my sins that it has befallen me, son Sandoval;” for such was the affectionate epithet with which Cortés often addressed his best-beloved and trusty officer. He then explained to him the immediate141 cause, in the negligence142 of the treasurer. Further conversation followed, in which the general declared his purpose to forego active hostilities143 for a few days. “You must take my place,” he continued, “for I am too{51} much crippled at present to discharge my duties. You must watch over the safety of the camps. Give especial heed144 to Alvarado’s. He is a gallant soldier, I know it well; but I doubt the Mexican hounds may, some hour, take him at disadvantage.”[57] These few words showed the general’s own estimation of his two lieutenants145; both equally brave and chivalrous, but the one uniting with these qualities the circumspection146 so essential to success in perilous enterprises, in which the other was signally deficient147. The future conqueror148 of Guatemala had to gather wisdom, as usual, from the bitter fruits of his own errors. It was under the training of Cortés that he learned to be a soldier. The general, having concluded his instructions, affectionately embraced his lieutenant, and dismissed him to his quarters.
It was late in the afternoon when he reached them; but the sun was still lingering above the western hills, and poured his beams wide over the Valley, lighting149 up the old towers and temples of Tenochtitlan with a mellow150 radiance, that little harmonized with the dark scenes of strife151 in which the city had so lately been involved. The tranquillity152 of the hour, however, was on a sudden broken by the strange sounds of the great drum in the temple of the war-god,—sounds which recalled the noche triste, with all its terrible images,{52} to the minds of the Spaniards, for that was the only occasion on which they had ever heard them.[58] They intimated some solemn act of religion within the unhallowed precincts of the teocalli; and the soldiers, startled by the mournful vibrations153, which might be heard for leagues across the Valley, turned their eyes to the quarter whence they proceeded. They there beheld154 a long procession winding155 up the huge sides of the pyramid; for the camp of Alvarado was pitched scarcely a mile from the city, and objects are distinctly visible at a great distance in the transparent156 atmosphere of the table-land.
As the long file of priests and warriors reached the flat summit of the teocalli, the Spaniards saw the figures of several men stripped to their waists, some of whom, by the whiteness of their skins, they recognized as their own countrymen. They were the victims for sacrifice. Their heads were gaudily157 decorated with coronals of plumes158, and they carried fans in their hands. They were urged along by blows, and compelled to take part in the dances in honor of the Aztec war-god. The unfortunate captives, then stripped of their sad finery, were stretched, one after another, on the great stone of sacrifice. On its convex surface their breasts were heaved up conveniently for the diabolical159 purpose of the priestly executioner, who cut asunder160 the ribs161 by a strong blow with his sharp razor of itztli, and, thrusting his hand into the wound, tore away{53} the heart, which, hot and reeking162, was deposited on the golden censer before the idol163. The body of the slaughtered164 victim was then hurled165 down the steep stairs of the pyramid, which, it may be remembered, were placed at the same angle of the pile, one flight below another; and the mutilated remains166 were gathered up by the savages167 beneath, who soon prepared with them the cannibal repast which completed the work of abomination![59]
We may imagine with what sensations the stupefied Spaniards must have gazed on this horrid168 spectacle, so near that they could almost recognize the persons of their unfortunate friends, see the struggles and writhing169 of their bodies, hear—or fancy that they heard—their screams of agony! yet so far removed that they could render them no assistance. Their limbs trembled beneath them, as they thought what might one day be their own fate; and the bravest among them, who had hitherto gone to battle as careless and light-hearted as to the banquet or the ball-room, were unable, from this time forward, to encounter their ferocious170 enemy with{54}out a sickening feeling, much akin30 to fear, coming over them.[60]
Such was not the effect produced by this spectacle on the Mexican forces, gathered at the end of the causeway. Like vultures maddened by the smell of distant carrion171, they set up a piercing cry, and, as they shouted that “such should be the fate of all their enemies,” swept along in one fierce torrent over the dike. But the Spaniards were not to be taken by surprise; and, before the barbarian105 horde172 had come within their lines, they opened such a deadly fire from their battery of heavy guns, supported by the musketry and cross-bows, that the assailants were compelled to fall back slowly, but fearfully mangled173, to their former position.
The five following days passed away in a state of inaction, except, indeed, so far as was necessary to repel174 the sorties made from time to time by the militia175 of the capital. The Mexicans, elated with their success, meanwhile, abandoned themselves to jubilee176; singing, dancing, and feasting on the mangled relics177 of their wretched victims. Guatemozin sent several heads of the Spaniards,{55} as well as of the horses, round the country, calling on his old vassals178 to forsake179 the banners of the white men, unless they would share the doom180 of the enemies of Mexico. The priests now cheered the young monarch181 and the people with the declaration that the dread Huitzilopochtli, their offended deity182, appeased183 by the sacrifices offered up on his altars, would again take the Aztecs under his protection, and deliver their enemies, before the expiration184 of eight days, into their hands.[61]
This comfortable prediction, confidently believed by the Mexicans, was thundered in the ears of the besieging185 army in tones of exultation186 and defiance187. However it may have been contemned188 by the Spaniards, it had a very different effect on their allies. The latter had begun to be disgusted with a service so full of peril and suffering and already protracted189 far beyond the usual term of Indian hostilities. They had less confidence than before in the Spaniards. Experience had shown that they were neither invincible190 nor immortal191, and their recent reverses made them even distrust the ability of the Christians to reduce the Aztec metropolis192. They recalled to mind the ominous193 words of Xicotencatl, that “so sacrilegious a war could come to no good for the people of Anahuac.” They felt that their arm was raised against the gods of their country. The prediction of the oracle194 fell heavy on their hearts. They had little doubt of its ful{56}filment, and were only eager to turn away the bolt from their own heads by a timely secession from the cause.
They took advantage, therefore, of the friendly cover of night to steal away from their quarters. Company after company deserted195 in this manner, taking the direction of their respective homes. Those belonging to the great towns of the Valley, whose allegiance was the most recent, were the first to cast it off. Their example was followed by the older confederates, the militia of Cholula, Tepeaca, Tezcuco, and even the faithful Tlascala. There were, it is true, some exceptions to these, and among them Ixtlilxochitl, the young lord of Tezcuco, and Chichemecatl, the valiant Tlascalan chieftain, who, with a few of their immediate followers, still remained true to the banner under which they had enlisted196. But their number was insignificant. The Spaniards beheld with dismay the mighty197 array, on which they relied for support, thus silently melting away before the breath of superstition198. Cortés alone maintained a cheerful countenance. He treated the prediction with contempt, as an invention of the priests, and sent his messengers after the retreating squadrons, beseeching199 them to postpone200 their departure, or at least to halt on the road, till the time, which would soon elapse, should show the falsehood of the prophecy.
The affairs of the Spaniards at this crisis must be confessed to have worn a gloomy aspect. Deserted by their allies, with their ammunition201 nearly exhausted202, cut off from the customary supplies{57} from the neighborhood, harassed203 by unintermitting vigils and fatigues204, smarting under wounds, of which every man in the army had his share, with an unfriendly country in their rear and a mortal foe72 in front, they might well be excused for faltering205 in their enterprise. They found abundant occupation by day in foraging206 the country, and in maintaining their position on the causeways against the enemy, now made doubly daring by success and by the promises of their priests; while at night their slumbers207 were disturbed by the beat of the melancholy208 drum, the sounds of which, booming far over the waters, tolled209 the knell210 of their murdered comrades. Night after night fresh victims were led up to the great altar of sacrifice; and, while the city blazed with the illumination of a thousand bonfires on the terraced roofs of the dwellings211 and in the areas of the temples, the dismal212 pageant213, showing through the fiery214 glare like the work of the ministers of hell, was distinctly visible from the camp below. One of the last of the sufferers was Guzman, the unfortunate chamberlain of Cortés, who lingered in captivity eighteen days before he met his doom.[62]
Yet in this hour of trial the Spaniards did not{58} falter. Had they faltered215, they might have learned a lesson of fortitude216 from some of their own wives, who continued with them in the camp, and who displayed a heroism217, on this occasion, of which history has preserved several examples. One of these, protected by her husband’s armor, would frequently mount guard in his place when he was wearied. Another, hastily putting on a soldier’s escaupil and seizing a sword and lance, was seen, on one occasion, to rally their retreating countrymen and lead them back against the enemy. Cortés would have persuaded these Amazonian dames218 to remain at Tlascala; but they proudly replied, “It was the duty of Castilian wives not to abandon their husbands in danger, but to share it with them,—and die with them, if necessary.” And well did they do their duty.[63]
Amidst all the distresses219 and multiplied embarrassments220 of their situation, the Spaniards still remained true to their purpose. They relaxed in no degree the severity of the blockade. Their camps still occupied the only avenues to the city; and their batteries, sweeping the long defiles221 at every fresh assault of the Aztecs, mowed222 down hundreds of the assailants. Their brigantines still rode on{59} the waters, cutting off the communication with the shore. It is true, indeed, the loss of the auxiliary223 canoes left a passage open for the occasional introduction of supplies to the capital.[64] But the whole amount of these supplies was small; and its crowded population, while exulting224 in their temporary advantage and the delusive225 assurances of their priests, were beginning to sink under the withering226 grasp of an enemy within, more terrible than the one which lay before their gates.
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disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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beleaguered
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| adj.受到围困[围攻]的；包围的v.围攻( beleaguer的过去式和过去分词)；困扰；骚扰 | |
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besieged
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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drenching
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| n.湿透v.使湿透( drench的现在分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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rend
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| vt.把…撕开，割裂；把…揪下来，强行夺取 | |
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6
rendering
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| n.表现，描写 | |
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dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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coup
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| n.政变；突然而成功的行动 | |
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encompassed
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| v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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porticoes
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| n.柱廊，（有圆柱的）门廊( portico的名词复数 ) | |
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treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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espoused
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| v.（决定）支持，拥护（目标、主张等）( espouse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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16
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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17
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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18
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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19
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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20
simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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21
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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22
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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23
intrepid
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| adj.无畏的，刚毅的 | |
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24
chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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25
penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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26
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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27
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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28
rebuke
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| v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise | |
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29
infantry
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| n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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30
akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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31
barricade
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| n.路障，栅栏，障碍；vt.设路障挡住 | |
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32
hurling
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| n.爱尔兰式曲棍球v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的现在分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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33
defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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34
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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35
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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36
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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37
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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38
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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39
misgivings
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕；疑虑，担心，恐惧( misgiving的名词复数 )；疑惧 | |
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40
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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41
breaches
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| 破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背 | |
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42
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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43
insidious
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| adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧 | |
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44
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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45
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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46
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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47
rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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48
fathoms
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| 英寻( fathom的名词复数 ) | |
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49
consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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50
artifice
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| n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计 | |
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51
snare
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| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
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52
deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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53
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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54
chasm
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| n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突 | |
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55
labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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56
hoarse
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| adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的 | |
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57
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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58
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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59
thronging
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的现在分词 ) | |
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60
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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61
barricades
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| 路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 ) | |
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62
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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63
laurels
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| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
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64
exhorting
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的现在分词 ) | |
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65
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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66
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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67
swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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68
swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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69
warriors
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| 武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 ) | |
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70
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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71
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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72
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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73
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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74
promiscuous
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| adj.杂乱的，随便的 | |
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75
brandished
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| v.挥舞( brandish的过去式和过去分词 )；炫耀 | |
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76
random
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| adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动 | |
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77
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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78
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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79
declivity
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| n.下坡，倾斜面 | |
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80
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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81
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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82
suffocated
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| （使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气 | |
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83
dike
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| n.堤，沟；v.开沟排水 | |
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84
darts
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| n.掷飞镖游戏；飞镖( dart的名词复数 )；急驰，飞奔v.投掷，投射( dart的第三人称单数 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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85
javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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86
javelins
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| n.标枪( javelin的名词复数 ) | |
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87
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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88
follower
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| n.跟随者；随员；门徒；信徒 | |
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89
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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90
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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91
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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92
appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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93
captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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94
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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95
athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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96
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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97
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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98
bridle
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| n.笼头，束缚；vt.抑制，约束；动怒 | |
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99
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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100
extricate
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| v.拯救，救出；解脱 | |
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101
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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102
lateral
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| adj.侧面的，旁边的 | |
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103
valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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104
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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105
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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106
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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107
trophy
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| n.优胜旗，奖品，奖杯，战胜品，纪念品 | |
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108
regaining
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| 复得( regain的现在分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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109
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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110
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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111
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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112
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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113
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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114
dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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115
receding
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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116
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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117
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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118
crossfire
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| n.被卷进争端 | |
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119
obstruct
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| v.阻隔，阻塞(道路、通道等)；n.阻碍物，障碍物 | |
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120
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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121
skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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122
defile
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| v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道 | |
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123
galled
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| v.使…擦痛( gall的过去式和过去分词 )；擦伤；烦扰；侮辱 | |
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124
reassured
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| adj.使消除疑虑的；使放心的v.再保证，恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词) | |
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125
allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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126
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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127
scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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128
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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129
warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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130
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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131
intrepidity
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| n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为 | |
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132
falter
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| vi.(嗓音)颤抖，结巴地说；犹豫；蹒跚 | |
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133
epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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134
gory
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| adj.流血的；残酷的 | |
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135
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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136
drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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137
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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138
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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139
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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140
inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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141
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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142
negligence
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| n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意 | |
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143
hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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144
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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145
lieutenants
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| n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 )；副职官员；空军；仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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146
circumspection
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| n.细心，慎重 | |
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147
deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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148
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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149
lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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150
mellow
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| adj.柔和的；熟透的；v.变柔和；(使)成熟 | |
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151
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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152
tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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153
vibrations
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| n.摆动( vibration的名词复数 )；震动；感受；（偏离平衡位置的）一次性往复振动 | |
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154
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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155
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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156
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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157
gaudily
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| adv.俗丽地 | |
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158
plumes
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| 羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物 | |
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159
diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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160
asunder
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| adj.分离的，化为碎片 | |
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161
ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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162
reeking
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| v.发出浓烈的臭气( reek的现在分词 )；散发臭气；发出难闻的气味 (of sth)；明显带有（令人不快或生疑的跡象） | |
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163
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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164
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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165
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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166
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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167
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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168
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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169
writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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170
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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171
carrion
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| n.腐肉 | |
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172
horde
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| n.群众，一大群 | |
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173
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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174
repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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175
militia
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| n.民兵，民兵组织 | |
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176
jubilee
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| n.周年纪念；欢乐 | |
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177
relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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178
vassals
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| n.奴仆( vassal的名词复数 )；（封建时代）诸侯；从属者；下属 | |
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179
forsake
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| vt.遗弃，抛弃；舍弃，放弃 | |
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180
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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181
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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182
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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183
appeased
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| 安抚，抚慰( appease的过去式和过去分词 )； 绥靖（满足另一国的要求以避免战争） | |
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184
expiration
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| n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物 | |
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185
besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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186
exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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187
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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188
contemned
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| v.侮辱，蔑视( contemn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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189
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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190
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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191
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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192
metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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193
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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194
oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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195
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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196
enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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197
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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198
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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199
beseeching
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| adj.恳求似的v.恳求，乞求（某事物）( beseech的现在分词 ) | |
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200
postpone
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| v.延期，推迟 | |
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201
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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202
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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203
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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204
fatigues
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| n.疲劳( fatigue的名词复数 )；杂役；厌倦；（士兵穿的）工作服 | |
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205
faltering
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| 犹豫的，支吾的，蹒跚的 | |
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206
foraging
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| v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的现在分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西） | |
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207
slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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208
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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209
tolled
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| 鸣钟（toll的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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210
knell
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| n.丧钟声；v.敲丧钟 | |
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211
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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212
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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213
pageant
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| n.壮观的游行；露天历史剧 | |
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214
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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215
faltered
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| （嗓音）颤抖( falter的过去式和过去分词 )； 支吾其词； 蹒跚； 摇晃 | |
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216
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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217
heroism
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| n.大无畏精神，英勇 | |
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218
dames
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| n.（在英国）夫人（一种封号），夫人（爵士妻子的称号）( dame的名词复数 )；女人 | |
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219
distresses
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| n.悲痛( distress的名词复数 )；痛苦；贫困；危险 | |
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220
embarrassments
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| n.尴尬( embarrassment的名词复数 )；难堪；局促不安；令人难堪或耻辱的事 | |
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221
defiles
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| v.玷污( defile的第三人称单数 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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222
mowed
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| v.刈，割( mow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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223
auxiliary
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| adj.辅助的，备用的 | |
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224
exulting
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| vi. 欢欣鼓舞，狂喜 | |
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225
delusive
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| adj.欺骗的，妄想的 | |
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226
withering
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| 使人畏缩的，使人害羞的，使人难堪的 | |
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