[Pg 97]
At three o'clock, after the twinkling of many lights, a signal was hoisted3, and the fleet came to life. At 4.21 the Novik slipped quietly out into the outer Roads, and after her the other ships in turn, the Pallada being the last to pass through the narrows; but the fleet was short of the following guns: one 12-inch, twenty-six 6-inch, and thirty 3-inch, and four of the ships had captains who had not commanded them at sea before. From the highest point of Golden Hill the whole squadron could be distinctly seen in the clear morning air. The channels in its course had been swept for mines, some of which, while being drawn4 in, had exploded quite close to the ships lying at anchor. Seven mines were found near the Cesarevitch alone! Notwithstanding all our efforts at clearance5, the roads were always more or less full of them, and every officer and man going out to sea, though the enemy were miles away, was gambling6 for his life. This is mentioned because what our sailors had to go through and their great services at Port Arthur are now forgotten in Russia. Russia has forgotten in the whirlwind of the movement for political freedom that for eleven weary months her loyal sons in Arthur tried to save the waning7 greatness of their native land.
As the Bayan slowly passed out far below, the bitter words I had once heard about the state of the Russian navy, uttered by one of its officers, recurred8 to me: 'So long as our fleet is purely9 for parades and peaceful political demonstrations10; so long as its Admirals do not serve and work hard in peace-time, doing active duty, and not merely writing orders; so long as the officers are promoted for anything but their capabilities11 and services; so long as they do not know their ships as the five fingers of their hands; so long as the whole complement12 of the navy does not like the sea; so long as the Naval13 Department does not cease trying to economize14 in what is the essence[Pg 98] of a fleet (shooting and cruising); so long as it hesitates to rid the administration of the fleet of venerable, bent15 old men and "shore admirals"; so long as the Naval College does not turn out men fond of the sea and the navy, we and the senior officers can do nothing, and our fleet will glide16 down the facile descent of deterioration17. I say this from bitter personal experience: I say that we are absolutely unprepared. We will do what we can; we are ready to die—and we must die in the unequal struggle.' As these words came back to my mind, suggested by the Bayan gliding18 slowly past down below, I looked up from her to the horizon where, far away, could be seen the Japanese ships waiting for ours. Of course they knew we were coming out, and were ready. What did they not know? Probably the opinion just quoted would be no news to them. By one o'clock our ships had moved out into the open sea, where Togo with his whole fleet was awaiting them. The destroyers out ahead, supported by the Novik and Askold, at once engaged the enemy's scouts19, which drew off towards their main body. By 6 p.m. the squadron had gone down below the horizon, and could not be seen from the highest points in Arthur, but the booming in the far-away distance sounded like peals20 of thunder. We were all greatly excited to know how the fight would end.
About nine o'clock the quiet of evening was broken by the growing noise of heavy firing at sea. The fleet, attacked by a cloud of torpedo21-boats, and firing with every gun, was retiring rapidly to Arthur. It was not yet visible, but the booming of the 12-inchers, the ceaseless cracking of the smaller guns, sounded louder and louder. We saw the reflection of the searchlights, and then some time later dim specks22 gradually loomed23 up, and the squadron itself appeared; the destroyers and Novik formed a rear-guard, covering the retirement24 with their fire.[Pg 99] The fleet steamed in and anchored, let down its torpedo-nets, and with its searchlights wove a regular net of light to seaward. On the way back to port it had been twice attacked by destroyers, but had beaten them off, and had made the outer roads comparatively without mishap25. The Sevastopol alone distinguished26 herself. Getting out of column, she struck a mine and was injured, but was able to reach White Wolf's Bay and anchor. There was not enough water for her to go into the inner harbour, for no one had thought in peace-time of dredging the entrance.
Night soon came down very dark, and all seemed peaceful; but the calm did not last long, for that night the enemy made a madly gallant27 attempt to torpedo our vessels28 as they lay in the outer harbour, and hell was let loose. All night long Admiral Togo launched his destroyers to the attack in pairs. Though our whole fleet was one blaze of light, and though the shore searchlights perched up on high lit up the waters to a great distance, the heroic enemy did not desist. On, on they came, fired at from the whole front as the shore lights showed them up afar off; diving one moment into darkness, the next again into the glare, they dashed onwards. The fire of the ships became furious; the ceaseless flash of the guns made them look like torches, but, however brave, however fanatical the enemy, they could not withstand the hail of steel poured on them by the fleet. The destroyers came in very close before they fired their torpedoes29, but still it was at ineffective range. Having fired the first torpedo, they turned to starboard, firing a second on the turn, and then at full speed steamed out to sea. The lucky ones got away; others sank in view of the whole Fortress30. I sat through the night and watched these attacks till they ceased at dawn.
Next morning, on the flood-tide, our fleet came in to[Pg 100] the inner harbour. It had returned, the only result of its sortie being the injuries to the Sevastopol, the expenditure31 of thousands of shell, and a number of Whitehead torpedoes floating about in the outer Roads. Arthur was disappointed. The following order, issued by the Commander of the fleet before it went to sea, which appeared in the Novy Kry of the 24th, was depressing reading:
'As the ships which were damaged by our treacherous32 enemy before the outbreak of war have been repaired, the Viceroy has given orders for the fleet to put to sea, so as to assist our comrades on land to defend Arthur. By the help of God and St. Nicholas, the sailor's patron saint, we will endeavour to do our duty, be true to our oath to the Tsar and defeat the enemy, weakened by the destruction of some of his ships on our mines. The Bobr has given us an example of what can be done. May God be with us!
'Witgeft, Rear-Admiral.'
The fleet was there again in its usual place in the western and eastern basins; but what was to be done? Who was to blame because it had returned without having brought on a decisive action? Some of the officers declared that a battle ought to have been brought on, that all the chances were in our favour; others said the opposite, asserting that a heavy engagement would have been the end of the whole fleet. Arthur was divided into two camps: one against the navy, the other in defence of it. I remember those heated quarrels about our naval officers, and the abuse poured upon men who were in no way to blame. The majority of those who spoke33 so bitterly of the fleet's return ignored the fact that it went to sea very weakly armed. It had met the Japanese fleet of four battleships, six armoured cruisers, six light cruisers, and a number of destroyers and other vessels, about twelve miles out. The fleets[Pg 101] got within fifty or sixty cables of each other, and when our ships increased speed so as to shorten the range and bring on an action, the Japanese steamed off. Togo evidently wanted to entice34 our fleet on and make a torpedo attack during the night, and having thus weakened it, to bring on a decisive engagement in the morning. It was depressing to see our ships driven in again like this, and disheartening to give up all hope of obtaining command of the sea. A strict blockade of the Fortress must come in the future. How long it would last no one could say, but that men, guns, and war material were already scarce with us—more than scarce—we well knew. Still, the hatred35 shown towards the fleet was not sensible or just. Disappointed with our many misfortunes, people were searching for a scape-goat—for some one on whom they could vent36 their indignation. They became jumpy, and therefore in no condition to look at things calmly: they were glad to find some one to blame. From what I felt, heard, and saw on all sides—and my opportunities for judging were great, as I moved about in every grade of society in Port Arthur—I came to the conclusion, after the return of the fleet, that its r?le on the sea was over.
During the gradual development of the military situation in the district—when the most prominent features had been the extraordinary errors on the part of General Fock—General St?ssel was acting37 the dictator in Arthur, where, in addition to his main task of interfering38 at every step with the useful work of General Smirnoff, he lost no opportunity of sowing dissension between the fleet and the army, especially after the squadron's unlucky sortie. Everywhere on shore—in the streets, in the restaurants—there was nothing but abuse and curses for the naval officers, from highest to lowest. Every one accused the sailors of not wishing to put to sea. One[Pg 102] result of this was the production of a scurrilous39 allegory by two anonymous40 authors. The first described a dream, which he pretended to have had, and in which the enemy, in the shape of a bull, was eventually killed by Russian soldiers. The second narrated41 another dream, a sequel to the first, in which the navy were represented as hares which bolted and left the soldiers to fight the enemy alone. I happened to read this effusion when I was on board one of the ships, for some one had had it lithographed, and sent a copy to each of the ward-rooms in the fleet, including a copy to Admiral Witgeft. This kind act naturally did not tend to smooth matters between the services. Though the sailors endeavoured to ignore it, at heart they felt the undeserved insult deeply.
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1
favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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2
swarmed
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| 密集( swarm的过去式和过去分词 )； 云集； 成群地移动； 蜜蜂或其他飞行昆虫成群地飞来飞去 | |
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3
hoisted
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| 把…吊起，升起( hoist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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4
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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5
clearance
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| n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理 | |
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6
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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7
waning
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| adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡 | |
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8
recurred
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| 再发生，复发( recur的过去式和过去分词 )； 治愈 | |
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9
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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10
demonstrations
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| 证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威 | |
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11
capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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12
complement
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| n.补足物，船上的定员；补语；vt.补充，补足 | |
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13
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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14
economize
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| v.节约，节省 | |
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15
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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16
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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17
deterioration
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| n.退化；恶化；变坏 | |
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18
gliding
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| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
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19
scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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20
peals
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| n.（声音大而持续或重复的）洪亮的响声( peal的名词复数 )；隆隆声；洪亮的钟声；钟乐v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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21
torpedo
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| n.水雷，地雷；v.用鱼雷破坏 | |
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22
specks
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| n.眼镜；斑点，微粒，污点( speck的名词复数 ) | |
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23
loomed
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| v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的过去式和过去分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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24
retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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25
mishap
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| n.不幸的事，不幸；灾祸 | |
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26
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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27
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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28
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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29
torpedoes
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| 鱼雷( torpedo的名词复数 )； 油井爆破筒； 刺客； 掼炮 | |
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30
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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31
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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32
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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33
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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34
entice
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| v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿 | |
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35
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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36
vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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37
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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38
interfering
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| adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词 | |
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39
scurrilous
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| adj.下流的，恶意诽谤的 | |
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40
anonymous
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| adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的 | |
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41
narrated
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| v.故事( narrate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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