I find this impression go back for its origin very far—to one autumn day when, an extremely immature8 aspirant9 to the rare laurel of the critic, I went out from Boston to Cambridge to offer him a contribution to the old, if I should not rather say the then middle-aged10, “North American Review,” of which he had recently undertaken the editorship. I already knew him a little, enough to have met casual kindness at his hands; but my vision of his active presence and function, in the community that had happily produced and that was long to enjoy him, found itself, I think, completely constituted at that hour, with scarce an essential touch to be afterwards added. He largely developed and expanded as time went on; certain more or less local reserves and conservatisms fell away from him; but his temper and attitude, all his own from the first, were to give a singular unity11 to his life. This intensity12 of perception on his young visitor’s part may perhaps have sprung a little from the fact that he accepted on the spot, as the visitor still romantically remembers, a certain very first awkward essay in criticism, and was to publish it in his forthcoming number; but I little doubt whether even had he refused it the grace of the whole occasion would have lost anything to my excited view, and feel sure that the interest in particular would have gained had he charmingly put before me (as he would have been sure to do) the ground of his discrimination. For his eminent13 character as a “representative of culture” announced itself exactly in proportion as one’s general sense of the medium in which it was to be exerted was strong; and I seem verily to recall that even in the comparative tenderness of that season I had grasped the idea of the precious, the quite far-reaching part such an exemplar might play. Charles Norton’s distinction and value—this was still some years before his professorate had taken form—showed early and above all the note and the advantage that they were to be virtues14 of American application, and were to draw their life from the signal American opportunity; to that degree that the detailed15 record of his influence would be really one of the most interesting of American social documents, and that his good work is best lighted by a due acquaintance with the conditions of the life about him, indispensable for a founded recognition of it. It is not too much to say that the representative of culture—always in the high and special sense in which he practised that faith—had before him in the United States of those days a great and arduous16 mission, requiring plentiful17 courage as well as plentiful knowledge, endless good humour as well as assured taste.
What comes back to me then from the early day I have glanced at is exactly that prompt sense of the clustered evidence of my friend’s perfect adaptation to the civilising mission, and not least to the needfully dauntless and unperturbed side of it. His so pleasant old hereditary18 home, with its ample acres and numerous spoils—at a time when acres merely marginal and, so to speak, atmospheric19, as well as spoils at all felicitously20 gathered, were rare in the United States—seemed to minister to the general assurance, constituting as they did such a picture of life as one vaguely21 supposed recognisable, right and left, in an old society, or, otherwise expressed, in that “Europe” which was always, roundabout one, the fond alternative of the cultivated imagination, but of which the possible American copy ever seemed far to seek. To put it in a nutshell, the pilgrimage to the Shady Hill of those years had, among the “spoils,” among pictures and books, drawings and medals, memories and relics22 and anecdotes24, things of a remote but charming reference, very much the effect of a sudden rise into a finer and clearer air and of a stopgap against one’s own coveted25 renewal26 of the more direct experience. If I allude27 to a particular, to a personal yearning28 appreciation29 of those matters, it is with the justified30 conviction—this justification31 having been all along abundantly perceptible—that appreciation of the general sort only waited to be called for, though to be called for with due authority. It was the sign of our host, on the attaching spot, and almost the principal one, that he spoke32, all round and with the highest emphasis, as under the warrant of authority, and that at a time when, as to the main matter of his claim and his discourse33, scarce anyone pretended to it, he carried himself valiantly34 under that banner. The main matter of his discourse offered itself just simply as the matter of civilisation35—the particular civilisation that a young roaring and money-getting democracy, inevitably36 but almost exclusively occupied with “business success,” most needed to have brought home to it. The New England air in especial was no natural conductor of any appeal to an esthetic37 aim, but the interest of Professor Norton’s general work, to say nothing of the interest of his character for a closer view, is exactly that the whole fruitful enterprise was to prove intimately a New England adventure; illustrating38 thus at the same time and once more the innate39 capacity of New England for leavening40 the great American mass on the finer issues.
To have grown up as the accomplished man at large was in itself at that time to have felt, and even in some degree to have suffered, this hand of differentiation41; the only accomplished men of the exhibited New England Society had been the ministers, the heads of the congregations—whom, however, one docks of little of their credit in saying that their accomplishments42 and their earnestness had been almost wholly in the moral order. The advantage of that connection was indeed what Norton was fundamentally to have enjoyed in his descent, both on his father’s and his mother’s side (pre-eminently on the latter, the historic stock of the Eliots) from a long line of those stalwart pastoral worthies43 who had notably44 formed the aristocracy of Massachusetts. It was largely, no doubt, to this heritage of character and conscience that he owed the strong and special strain of confidence with which he addressed himself to the business of perfect candour toward his fellow-citizens—his pupils in particular; they, to whom this candour was to become in the long run the rarest and raciest and most endearing of “treats,” being but his fellow-citizens in the making. This view of an urgent duty would have been a comparatively slight thing, moreover, without the special preoccupations, without the love of the high humanities and curiosities and urbanities in themselves, without the conception of science and the ingrained studious cast of mind, which had been also an affair of heredity with him and had opened his eyes betimes to educative values and standards other than most of those he saw flourish near at hand. He would defer45 to dilettantism46 as little as to vulgarity, and if he ultimately embraced the fine ideal of taking up the work that lay close to him at home, and of irrigating47 the immediate48 arid49 tracts50 and desert spaces, it was not from ignorance of the temptation to wander and linger where the streams already flowed and the soil had already borne an abiding51 fruit.
He had come to Italy and to England early in life; he had repeated his visits to these countries with infinite relish52 and as often as possible—though never, as a good New Englander, without certain firm and, where they had to be, invidious discriminations; he was attached to them by a hundred intellectual and social ties; but he had been from the first incapable53 of doubting that the best activity and the liveliest interest lay where it always, given certain conditions, lies in America—in a measure of response to intellectual and esthethic “missionary” labour more traceable and appreciable54, more distinguishably attested55 and registered, more directly and artlessly grateful, in a word, than in the thicker elemental mixture of Europe. On the whole side of taste and association his choice was thus betimes for conscious exile and for a considerably57, though doubtless not altogether irremediably, deprived state; but it was at the same time for a freedom of exhortation58 and a play of ironic59 comment less restricted, after all, in the clear American air, than on ground more pretentiously60 enclosed—less restricted, that is, from the moment personal conviction might be absolute and indifference61 to every form of provincial62 bewilderment equally patient and complete. The incontestable cranerie of his attitude—a thing that one felt to be a high form of sincerity—always at last won success; the respect and affection that more and more surrounded him and that finally made his situation sole of its kind and pre-eminently happy, attest56 together the interesting truth that unqualified confidence in one’s errand, the serenest63 acceptance of a responsibility and the exercise of a critical authority never too apt to return critically upon itself, only require for beneficent action that they be attended at once with a fund of illustration and a fund of good humour.
Professor Norton’s pre-eminent work in the interpretation64 of Dante—by which I mean his translation, text and notes, of the “Divine Comedy” and the “New Life,” an achievement of infinite piety65, patience and resource; his admirable volume on Church-Building in the Middle Ages (to say nothing of his charming earlier one, “Study and Travel in Italy,” largely devoted66 to the cathedral of Orvieto); his long and intimate friendship with Ruskin, commemorated67 by his publication, as joint-executor to Ruskin’s will, of the best fruits of the latter’s sustained correspondence with him; his numerous English friendships, in especial—to say nothing of his native—all with persons of a highly representative character: these things give in part the measure of his finest curiosities and of his appetite, in all directions, for the best sources and examples and the best company. But it is probable that if his Harvard lectures are in form for publication, and if his general correspondence, and above all his own easily handsomest show in it, comes to be published, as most emphatically it should be, they will testify not in the least to any unredeemed contraction68 of life, but to the largest and happiest and most rewarded energy. An exhilarated invocation of close responsibility, an absolute ease of mind about one’s point of view, a thorough and never-failing intellectual wholeness, are so far from weakening the appeal to young allegiances that, once they succeed at all, they succeed the better for going all their length. So it was that, with admirable urbanity of form and uncompromising straightness of attack, the Professor of the History of the Fine Arts at Harvard for a quarter of a century let himself go; thinking no trouble wasted and no flutter and no scandal other than auspicious69 if only he might, to the receptive and aspiring70 undergraduate mind, brand the ugly and the vulgar and the inferior wherever he found them, tracking them through plausible71 disguises and into trumpery72 strongholds; if only he might convert young products of the unmitigated American order into material for men of the world in the finer sense of that term; if only in short he might render more supple73 their view, liable to obfuscation74 from sights and sounds about them, of the true meaning of a liberal education and of the civilised character and spirit in the civilised State.
What it came to thus was that he availed himself to the utmost of his free hand for sowing and planting ideals—ideals that, though they might after all be vague and general things, lacking sometimes a little the clearer connections with practice, were yet a new and inspiring note to most of his hearers, who could be trusted, just so far as they were intelligent and loyal, not to be heavily embarrassed by them, not to want for fields of application. It was given him, quite unprecedentedly75, to be popular, to be altogether loved and cherished, even while “rubbing it into” whomever it might concern that such unfortunates were mainly given over to mediocrity and vulgarity, and that half the crude and ugly objects and aspects, half the low standards and loose ends surrounding them and which they might take for granted with a facility and a complacency alike deplorable, represented a platitude76 of imagination that dishonoured77 the citizen on whom a University worthy78 of the name should have left its stamp. Happy, it would thus in fact seem, beyond any other occasion for educative influence, the immense and delightful79 opportunity he enjoyed, the clear field and long reach attached to preaching an esthetic crusade, to pleading for the higher amenities80 in general, in a new and superficially tutored, yet also but superficially prejudiced, country, where a consequently felt and noted81 rise of the tide of manners may be held to have come home to him, or certainly to have visited his dreams. His effect on the community at large, with allowances of time, was ever indubitable—even though such workers have everywhere to take much on trust and to remember that bushels of doctrine82, and even tons of example, make at the most ounces and grains of responsive life. It can only be the very general and hopeful view that sustains and rewards—with here and there, at wide intervals83, the prized individual instance of the sown seed actively84 emerging and flowering.
If not all ingenious disciples85 could give independent proof, however, all could rally and feel the spirit; all could crowd to a course of instruction which, largely elective and optional, yet united more listeners than many others put together, and in which the subject itself, the illustration of European artistic86 endeavour at large, or in other words the record of man’s most comprehensive sacrifice to organised beauty, tended so to take up on familiar ground the question of manners, character, conscience, tone, to bristle87 with questions addressed to the actual and possible American scene. That, I hasten to add, was of course but one side of the matter; there were wells of special science for those who chose to draw from them, and an inner circle of pupils whose whole fruitful relation to their philosopher and friend—the happy and easy privilege of Shady Hill in general, where other charming personal influences helped, not counting as least in this—can scarce have failed to prepare much practical evidence for observation still to come. The ivory tower of study would ever, by his natural bent88, I think, have most solicited89 Charles Norton; but he liked, as I say, he accepted without a reserve, the function of presiding over young destinies; he believed in the personal and the social communication of light, and had a gift for the generous and personal relation that perhaps found its best issue, as I have already hinted, in his admirable letters. These were not of this hustled90 and hustling91 age, but of a cooler and steadier sphere and rhythm, and of a charming mannerly substantial type to which he will have been, I think, among correspondents truly animated92 by the social spirit and a due cosmopolite ideal, one of the last systematically93 to sacrifice. With the lapse94 of years I ceased to be, I admit, a near spectator of his situation; but my sense of his activity—with more intimate renewals95, besides, occasionally taking place—was to be, all along, so constantly fed by echo and anecdote23 and all manner of indirect glimpses, that I find myself speak quite with the confidence and with all the attachment96 of a continuous “assistant.”
With which, if I reflect on this, I see how interesting a case above all my distinguished friend was ever to remain to me—a case, I mean, of such a mixture of the elements as would have seemed in advance, critically speaking, quite anomalous97 or at least highly incalculable. His interest was predominantly in Art, as the most beneficial of human products; his ostensible98 plea was for the esthetic law, under the wide wing of which we really move, it may seem to many of us, in an air of strange and treacherous99 appearances, of much bewilderment and not a little mystification; of terribly fine and complicated issues in short, such as call for the highest interpretative wisdom. But if nothing was of a more delightful example than Professor Norton’s large and nourished serenity100 in all these connections, a serenity seasoned and tempered, as it were, by infinite interest in his “subject,” by a steadying faith in exact and extensive knowledge, so to a fond and incorrigible101 student of character the case, as I have called it, and the long and genial102 career, may seem to shine in the light of quite other importances, quite other references, than the presumed and the nominal103. Nothing in fact can be more interesting to a haunter of other intellectual climes and a worshipper at the esthetic shrine104 quand même than to note once more how race and implanted quality and association always in the end come by their own; how for example a son of the Puritans the most intellectually transmuted105, the most liberally emancipated106 and initiated107 possible, could still plead most for substance when proposing to plead for style, could still try to lose himself in the labyrinth108 of delight while keeping tight hold of the clue of duty, tangled109 even a little in his feet; could still address himself all consistently to the moral conscience while speaking as by his office for our imagination and our free curiosity. All of which vision of him, however, is far from pointing to a wasted effort. The great thing, whatever turn we take, is to find before us perspectives and to have a weight to throw; in accordance with which wisdom the world he lived in received for long no firmer nor more gallant110 and generous impress than that of Charles Eliot Norton.
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1
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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disclaim
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| v.放弃权利，拒绝承认 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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abatement
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| n.减(免)税，打折扣，冲销 | |
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consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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immature
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| adj.未成熟的，发育未全的，未充分发展的 | |
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aspirant
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| n.热望者；adj.渴望的 | |
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middle-aged
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| adj.中年的 | |
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unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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arduous
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| adj.艰苦的，费力的，陡峭的 | |
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plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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atmospheric
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| adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的 | |
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felicitously
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| adv.恰当地，适切地 | |
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vaguely
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| adv.含糊地，暖昧地 | |
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relics
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| [pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸 | |
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anecdote
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| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
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anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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allude
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| v.提及，暗指 | |
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yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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justification
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| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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valiantly
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| adv.勇敢地，英勇地；雄赳赳 | |
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civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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inevitably
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| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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esthetic
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| adj.美学的，审美的；悦目的，雅致的 | |
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illustrating
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| 给…加插图( illustrate的现在分词 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明 | |
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innate
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| adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的 | |
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leavening
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| n.酵母，发酵，发酵物v.使（面团）发酵( leaven的现在分词 )；在…中掺入改变的因素 | |
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differentiation
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| n.区别，区分 | |
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accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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notably
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| adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地 | |
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defer
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| vt.推迟，拖延；vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从 | |
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dilettantism
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| n.业余的艺术爱好，浅涉文艺，浅薄涉猎 | |
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irrigating
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| 灌溉( irrigate的现在分词 )； 冲洗（伤口） | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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arid
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| adj.干旱的；(土地)贫瘠的 | |
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tracts
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| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
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abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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appreciable
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| adj.明显的，可见的，可估量的，可觉察的 | |
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attested
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| adj.经检验证明无病的，经检验证明无菌的v.证明( attest的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；声称…属实；使宣誓 | |
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attest
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| vt.证明，证实；表明 | |
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considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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exhortation
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| n.劝告，规劝 | |
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ironic
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| adj.讽刺的，有讽刺意味的，出乎意料的 | |
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pretentiously
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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serenest
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| serene（沉静的，宁静的，安宁的）的最高级形式 | |
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interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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commemorated
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| v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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contraction
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| n.缩略词，缩写式，害病 | |
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auspicious
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| adj.吉利的；幸运的，吉兆的 | |
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aspiring
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| adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求 | |
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plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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trumpery
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| n.无价值的杂物；adj.（物品）中看不中用的 | |
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supple
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| adj.柔软的，易弯的，逢迎的，顺从的，灵活的；vt.使柔软，使柔顺，使顺从；vi.变柔软，变柔顺 | |
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obfuscation
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| n.昏迷，困惑；发暗 | |
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unprecedentedly
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| adv.空前地 | |
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platitude
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| n.老生常谈，陈词滥调 | |
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dishonoured
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| a.不光彩的，不名誉的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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amenities
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| n.令人愉快的事物；礼仪；礼节；便利设施；礼仪( amenity的名词复数 )；便利设施；（环境等的）舒适；（性情等的）愉快 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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bristle
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| v.（毛发）直立，气势汹汹，发怒；n.硬毛发 | |
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bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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solicited
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| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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hustled
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| 催促（hustle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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hustling
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| 催促（hustle的现在分词形式） | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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systematically
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| adv.有系统地 | |
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lapse
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| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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renewals
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| 重建( renewal的名词复数 )； 更新； 重生； 合同的续订 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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anomalous
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| adj.反常的；不规则的 | |
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ostensible
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| adj.(指理由)表面的，假装的 | |
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treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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101
incorrigible
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| adj.难以纠正的，屡教不改的 | |
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102
genial
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| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
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nominal
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| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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transmuted
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| v.使变形，使变质，把…变成…( transmute的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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emancipated
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| adj.被解放的，不受约束的v.解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚）( emancipate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
initiated
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| n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入 | |
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labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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109
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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