The author of Modern Woman is bitten a little by the mad dog of modernity, the habit of dwelling11 disproportionally on the abnormal and the diseased; but she writes rationally and humorously, like a human being; she sees that there are two sides to the case; and she even puts in a fruitful suggestion that, with its subconsciousness12 and its virtues13 of the vegetable, the new psychology14 may turn up on the side of the old womanhood. One may say indeed that in such a book as this our amateur philosophizing of to-day is seen at its fairest; and even at its fairest it exhibits certain qualities of bewilderment and disproportion which are somewhat curious to note.
I think the oddest thing about the advanced people is that, while they are always talking of things as problems, they have hardly any notion of what a real problem is. A real problem only occurs when there are admittedly disadvantages in all courses that can be pursued. If it is discovered just before a fashionable wedding that the Bishop15 is locked up in the coal-cellar, that is not a problem. It is obvious to anyone but an extreme anti-clerical or practical joker that the Bishop must be let out of the coal-cellar. But suppose the Bishop has been locked up in the wine-cellar, and from the obscure noises, sounds as of song and dance, etc., it is guessed that he has indiscreetly tested the vintages round him; then, indeed, we may properly say that there has arisen a problem; for, upon the one hand, it is awkward to keep the wedding waiting, while, upon the other, any hasty opening of the door might mean an episcopal rush and scenes of the most unforeseen description.
An incident like this (which must constantly happen in our gay and varied16 social life) is a true problem because there are in it incompatible17 advantages. Now if woman is simply the domestic slave that many of these writers represent, if man has bound her by brute18 force, if he has simply knocked her down and sat on her—then there is no problem about the matter. She has been locked in the kitchen, like the Bishop in the coal-cellar; and they both of them ought to be let out. If there is any problem of sex, it must be because the case is not so simple as that; because there is something to be said for the man as well as for the woman; and because there are evils in unlocking the kitchen door, in addition to the obvious good of it. Now, I will take two instances from Miss Farr’s own book of problems that are really problems, and which she entirely19 misses because she will not admit that they are problematical.
The writer asks the substantial question squarely enough: “Is indissoluble marriage good for mankind?” and she answers it squarely enough: “For the great mass of mankind, yes.” To those like myself, who move in the old-world dream of Democracy, that admission ends the whole question. There may be exceptional people who would be happier without Civil Government; sensitive souls who really feel unwell when they see a policeman. But we have surely the right to impose the State on everybody if it suits nearly everybody; and if so, we have the right to impose the Family on everybody if it suits nearly everybody. But the queer and cogent20 point is this; that Miss Farr does not see the real difficulty about allowing exceptions—the real difficulty that has made most legislators reluctant to allow them. I do not say there should be no exceptions, but I do say that the author has not seen the painful problem of permitting any.
The difficulty is simply this: that if it comes to claiming exceptional treatment, the very people who will claim it will be those who least deserve it. The people who are quite convinced they are superior are the very inferior people; the men who really think themselves extraordinary are the most ordinary rotters on earth. If you say, “Nobody must steal the Crown of England,” then probably it will not be stolen. After that, probably the next best thing would be to say, “Anybody may steal the Crown of England,” for then the Crown might find its way to some honest and modest fellow. But if you say, “Those who feel themselves to have Wild and Wondrous21 Souls, and they only, may steal the Crown of England,” then you may be sure there will be a rush for it of all the rag, tag, and bobtail of the universe, all the quack22 doctors, all the sham23 artists, all the demireps and drunken egotists, all the nationless adventurers and criminal monomaniacs of the world.
So, if you say that marriage is for common people, but divorce for free and noble spirits, all the weak and selfish people will dash for the divorce; while the few free and noble spirits you wish to help will very probably (because they are free and noble) go on wrestling with the marriage. For it is one of the marks of real dignity of character not to wish to separate oneself from the honour and tragedy of the whole tribe. All men are ordinary men; the extraordinary men are those who know it.
The weakness of the proposition that marriage is good for the common herd24, but can be advantageously violated by special “experimenters” and pioneers, is that it takes no account of the problem of the disease of pride. It is easy enough to say that weaker souls had better be guarded, but that we must give freedom to Georges Sand or make exceptions for George Eliot. The practical puzzle is this: that it is precisely25 the weakest sort of lady novelist who thinks she is Georges Sand; it is precisely the silliest woman who is sure she is George Eliot. It is the small soul that is sure it is an exception; the large soul is only too proud to be the rule. To advertise for exceptional people is to collect all the sulks and sick fancies and futile26 ambitions of the earth. The good artist is he who can be understood; it is the bad artist who is always “misunderstood.” In short, the great man is a man; it is always the tenth-rate man who is the Superman.
Miss Farr disposes of the difficult question of vows28 and bonds in love by leaving out altogether the one extraordinary fact of experience on which the whole matter turns. She again solves the problem by assuming that it is not a problem. Concerning oaths of fidelity29, etc., she writes: “We cannot trust ourselves to make a real love-knot unless money or custom forces us to 'bear and forbear.’ There is always the lurking30 fear that we shall not be able to keep faith unless we swear upon the Book. This is, of course, not true of young lovers. Every first love is born free of tradition; indeed, not only is first love innocent and valiant31, but it sweeps aside all the wise laws it has been taught, and burns away experience in its own light. The revelation is so extraordinary, so unlike anything told by the poets, so absorbing, that it is impossible to believe that the feeling can die out.”
Now this is exactly as if some old naturalist32 settled the bat’s place in nature by saying boldly, “Bats do not fly.” It is as if he solved the problem of whales by bluntly declaring that whales live on land. There is a problem of vows, as of bats and whales. What Miss Farr says about it is quite lucid33 and explanatory; it simply happens to be flatly untrue. It is not the fact that young lovers have no desire to swear on the Book. They are always at it. It is not the fact that every young love is born free of traditions about binding35 and promising36, about bonds and signatures and seals. On the contrary, lovers wallow in the wildest pedantry37 and precision about these matters. They do the craziest things to make their love legal and irrevocable. They tattoo38 each other with promises; they cut into rocks and oaks with their names and vows; they bury ridiculous things in ridiculous places to be a witness against them; they bind34 each other with rings, and inscribe39 each other in Bibles; if they are raving40 lunatics (which is not untenable), they are mad solely41 on this idea of binding and on nothing else. It is quite true that the tradition of their fathers and mothers is in favour of fidelity; but it is emphatically not true that the lovers merely follow it; they invent it anew. It is quite true that the lovers feel their love eternal, and independent of oaths; but it is emphatically not true that they do not desire to take the oaths. They have a ravening42 thirst to take as many oaths as possible. Now this is the paradox43; this is the whole problem. It is not true, as Miss Farr would have it, that young people feel free of vows, being confident of constancy; while old people invent vows, having lost that confidence. That would be much too simple; if that were so there would be no problem at all. The startling but quite solid fact is that young people are especially fierce in making fetters44 and final ties at the very moment when they think them unnecessary. The time when they want the vow27 is exactly the time when they do not need it. That is worth thinking about.
Nearly all the fundamental facts of mankind are to be found in its fables45. And there is a singularly sane truth in all the old stories of the monsters—such as centaurs47, mermaids48, sphinxes, and the rest. It will be noted50 that in each of these the humanity, though imperfect in its extent, is perfect in its quality. The mermaid49 is half a lady and half a fish; but there is nothing fishy51 about the lady. A centaur46 is half a gentleman and half a horse. But there is nothing horsey about the gentleman. The centaur is a manly4 sort of man—up to a certain point. The mermaid is a womanly woman—so far as she goes. The human parts of these monsters are handsome, like heroes, or lovely, like nymphs; their bestial52 appendages53 do not affect the full perfection of their humanity—what there is of it. There is nothing humanly wrong with the centaur, except that he rides a horse without a head. There is nothing humanly wrong with the mermaid; Hood9 put a good comic motto to his picture of a mermaid: “All’s well that ends well.” It is, perhaps, quite true; it all depends which end. Those old wild images included a crucial truth. Man is a monster. And he is all the more a monster because one part of him is perfect. It is not true, as the evolutionists say, that man moves perpetually up a slope from imperfection to perfection, changing ceaselessly, so as to be suitable. The immortal54 part of a man and the deadly part are jarringly distinct, and have always been. And the best proof of this is in such a case as we have considered—the case of the oaths of love.
A man’s soul is as full of voices as a forest; there are ten thousand tongues there like all the tongues of the trees: fancies, follies55, memories, madnesses, mysterious fears, and more mysterious hopes. All the settlement and sane government of life consists in coming to the conclusion that some of those voices have authority and others not. You may have an impulse to fight your enemy or an impulse to run away from him; a reason to serve your country or a reason to betray it; a good idea for making sweets or a better idea for poisoning them. The only test I know by which to judge one argument or inspiration from another is ultimately this: that all the noble necessities of man talk the language of eternity56. When man is doing the three or four things that he was sent on this earth to do, then he speaks like one who shall live for ever. A man dying for his country does not talk as if local preferences could change. Leonidas does not say, “In my present mood, I prefer Sparta to Persia.” William Tell does not remark, “The Swiss civilization, so far as I can yet see, is superior to the Austrian.” When men are making commonwealths57, they talk in terms of the absolute, and so they do when they are making (however unconsciously) those smaller commonwealths which are called families. There are in life certain immortal moments, moments that have authority. Lovers are right to tattoo each other’s skins and cut each other’s names about the world; they do belong to each other, in a more awful sense than they know.
点击收听单词发音
1 enunciates | |
n.(清晰地)发音( enunciate的名词复数 );确切地说明v.(清晰地)发音( enunciate的第三人称单数 );确切地说明 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
2 sane | |
adj.心智健全的,神志清醒的,明智的,稳健的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
3 monologue | |
n.长篇大论,(戏剧等中的)独白 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
4 manly | |
adj.有男子气概的;adv.男子般地,果断地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
5 inhuman | |
adj.残忍的,不人道的,无人性的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
6 fanaticism | |
n.狂热,盲信 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
7 frigidity | |
n.寒冷;冷淡;索然无味;(尤指妇女的)性感缺失 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
8 trumpeted | |
大声说出或宣告(trumpet的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
9 hood | |
n.头巾,兜帽,覆盖;v.罩上,以头巾覆盖 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
10 reverence | |
n.敬畏,尊敬,尊严;Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称;v.尊敬,敬畏,崇敬 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
11 dwelling | |
n.住宅,住所,寓所 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
12 subconsciousness | |
潜意识;下意识 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
13 virtues | |
美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
14 psychology | |
n.心理,心理学,心理状态 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
15 bishop | |
n.主教,(国际象棋)象 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
16 varied | |
adj.多样的,多变化的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
17 incompatible | |
adj.不相容的,不协调的,不相配的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
18 brute | |
n.野兽,兽性 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
19 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
20 cogent | |
adj.强有力的,有说服力的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
21 wondrous | |
adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
22 quack | |
n.庸医;江湖医生;冒充内行的人;骗子 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
23 sham | |
n./adj.假冒(的),虚伪(的) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
24 herd | |
n.兽群,牧群;vt.使集中,把…赶在一起 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
25 precisely | |
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
26 futile | |
adj.无效的,无用的,无希望的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
27 vow | |
n.誓(言),誓约;v.起誓,立誓 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
28 vows | |
誓言( vow的名词复数 ); 郑重宣布,许愿 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
29 fidelity | |
n.忠诚,忠实;精确 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
30 lurking | |
潜在 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
31 valiant | |
adj.勇敢的,英勇的;n.勇士,勇敢的人 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
32 naturalist | |
n.博物学家(尤指直接观察动植物者) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
33 lucid | |
adj.明白易懂的,清晰的,头脑清楚的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
34 bind | |
vt.捆,包扎;装订;约束;使凝固;vi.变硬 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
35 binding | |
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
36 promising | |
adj.有希望的,有前途的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
37 pedantry | |
n.迂腐,卖弄学问 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
38 tattoo | |
n.纹身,(皮肤上的)刺花纹;vt.刺花纹于 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
39 inscribe | |
v.刻;雕;题写;牢记 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
40 raving | |
adj.说胡话的;疯狂的,怒吼的;非常漂亮的;令人醉心[痴心]的v.胡言乱语(rave的现在分词)n.胡话;疯话adv.胡言乱语地;疯狂地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
41 solely | |
adv.仅仅,唯一地 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
42 ravening | |
a.贪婪而饥饿的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
43 paradox | |
n.似乎矛盾却正确的说法;自相矛盾的人(物) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
44 fetters | |
n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 );束缚v.给…上脚镣,束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
45 fables | |
n.寓言( fable的名词复数 );神话,传说 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
46 centaur | |
n.人首马身的怪物 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
47 centaurs | |
n.(希腊神话中)半人半马怪物( centaur的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
48 mermaids | |
n.(传说中的)美人鱼( mermaid的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
49 mermaid | |
n.美人鱼 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
50 noted | |
adj.著名的,知名的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
51 fishy | |
adj. 值得怀疑的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
52 bestial | |
adj.残忍的;野蛮的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
53 appendages | |
n.附属物( appendage的名词复数 );依附的人;附属器官;附属肢体(如臂、腿、尾等) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
54 immortal | |
adj.不朽的;永生的,不死的;神的 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
55 follies | |
罪恶,时事讽刺剧; 愚蠢,蠢笨,愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句: |
|
|
56 eternity | |
n.不朽,来世;永恒,无穷 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
57 commonwealths | |
n.共和国( commonwealth的名词复数 );联邦;团体;协会 | |
参考例句: |
|
|
欢迎访问英文小说网 |