?A disadvantage to thy beams to shine?
If, wanting light, I stumble, shall
Thy darkness not be guilty of my fall?
Make not thyself a prisoner, thou art free:
?Why dost thou turn thy palace to a jail?
Thou art an eagle; and befits it thee
Let toys seek corners: things of cost
Gain worth by view; hid jewels are but lost.
???????? ???????? ???????? Francis Quarles.
In the afternoon, the commissary going out in search of the objects of his journey, grain and bullocks for the troops, L'Isle strolled out with the ladies to survey the curiosities of Evora, and Moodie followed closely Lady Mabel's steps.
"If I am to play the part of cicerone," said L'Isle, "I will begin by reminding you that the history of many races and eras is indissolubly connected with the Peninsula, and especially the southern part of it. Here we find the land of Tarshish of Scripture6, so well known to the Phoenicians, who, in an adjacent province of Spain, built another Sidon, and founded Cadiz before Hector and Achilles fought at Troy.
"Yet they found the Celto-Iberian here before them—who after that built Evora, according to Portuguese7 historians, some eight or ten centuries before Christ. The Greeks, too, stretched their commerce and their colonies to this land. The Carthaginians made themselves masters of this country. The Romans turned them out, to give place in time to the Vandals; who were driven over into Africa by the Goths—whose dominion8 was, at the end of two centuries, overthrown9 by the Arabs; who, after a war of seven centuries, were expelled in turn by the descendants of their Gothic rivals. The land still shows many traces of these revolutions. In the neighborhood of this city the rude altar of the Druid still commemorates10 the early Celt. The majesty11 of the Roman temple here forms a singular contrast with the delicacy12 of the Arabian monuments, and the Gothic architecture with the simplicity13 of the modern edifices14."
"A truly Ciceronian introduction to your duties as cicerone," said Lady Mabel. "But I have yet to see much that you describe so eloquently15. To my eye the most striking feature of Evora at this day is its ecclesiastical aspect. It is full of churches, chapels16, and monkish18 barracks, and seems to be held by a strong garrison20 of these soldiers of the Pope."
"Baal's prophets are four hundred and fifty men," said old Moodie, in loud soliloquy behind.
"I have often heard the Pope called Antichrist, but never knew him dubbed22 Baal before," said Lady Mabel. "Although not one of his flock, I cannot but feel a deep interest in the head of the Latin Church, now that the venerable old man is so shamefully23 treated; carried off and kept a prisoner in France, to be bullied25, threatened, and cajoled, with a view to appropriate the papal influence to the furtherance of this Corsican's ambition."
"You had better leave all those feelings to his own flock, my lady."
"Is it possible, Moodie," Lady Mabel retorted, "that you do not know that we are on the Pope's side in this quarrel? We are bound to sympathize with him, not only in politics but in religion, against his unbelieving enemies. We must forget all minor26 differences, and think only of the faith we hold in common. Even you must admit that it is better to see the Almighty27 dimly through mists and clouds, or even though our view be obstructed28 by a crowd of doubtful saints, than to turn our backs on the Christian29 Godhead, and deny his existence like these godless French. I assure you I have become a strong friend to the Pope."
"I know, Moodie, that you believe that we who have deserted31 the Kirk of Scotland, and crossed the border in search of a church, have already traveled a long way toward Rome."
"About half-way, my lady. The church of England is no abiding32 place, but merely an inn on that road."
"Why," exclaimed Mrs. Shortridge, "is Moodie so much dissatisfied with our church? For my part it does not seem natural to me for genteel people to go any where else."
"You may find, madam," said Moodie, "a great many genteel people going some where else. Gentry33 is no election to grace."
Mrs. Shortridge resented the insinuation by indignant silence; but Lady Mabel, who had her own object in exasperating34 Moodie's sectarian zeal35, now asked him: "What is the last symptom of backsliding you have seen in me?"
"It seems to me, my lady, that you are getting strangely intimate with the Romish faith and rites36, for one who does not believe and practice them. It is a sinful curiosity, like that of the children of Israel, which first made them familiar with the abominations among their neighbors, then led them to practice the idolatries they had witnessed."
"But may there not be something sinful, Moodie, in denouncing the errors and corruptions38 of the Romanists, without having thoroughly39 searched them out?"
"We know the great heads of their offense—their perversion40 of gospel truth—their teaching for doctrine41 the commandments of men. There is no need to trace every error through all its dark and crooked42 windings43. Truth is one: that God has allotted44 to his elect. Errors are manifold, and sown broadcast among the reprobate45."
"Still it must matter much what degree and kind of error falls to our lot," Lady Mabel suggested.
"Perhaps so," Moodie answered, with doubting assent46. "Yet if we are not in the one true path, it may matter little which wrong road we travel."
"Well, Moodie," said she, "however much you may narrow down your Christian faith, you shall not hedge in my Christian charity, and deprive me of all sympathy for the Pope in this his day of persecution47."
"Whatever the holy father's errors may have been," said L'Isle, "we may now say of him, a prisoner in France, what was said of Clement48 the Seventh, when shut up in the Castle of St. Angelo, 'Papa non potest errare.'"
"That is Latin, Moodie," said Lady Mabel, "and to enlighten your ignorance it may be rendered, 'The Pope cannot err37.'"
"Why that is nothing but the doctrine of the Pope's infallibility," exclaimed Moodie, indignantly; "and saying it in Latin cannot make it true." And he dropped behind the party.
Gazing on the number of religious houses and habits around them, Lady Mabel said: "Monastic life must hold forth49 strong allurements50. The monks51 seem to find it easy to recruit their ranks."
"Many motives52 combine to draw men into the church," L'Isle answered. "Devotion may be the chief; but, in this climate and country, the love of ease, and the want of hopeful prospects53 in secular54 life, exercise great influence. Moreover, one monk19, like one soldier, serves as a decoy to another. Did you ever see a recruiting sergeant55, in all his glory, among a party of rustics56 at a village alehouse? How skillfully he displays the bright side of a soldier's life, while hiding every dark spot. The church has many a recruiting sergeant, who can put the best of ours to shame. Many a recruit, too, like our young friar, is caught very young."
They had now turned into another street, and L'Isle, stopping the party, pointed57 out a large building opposite to them.
"What a curious mixture of styles it presents," said Mrs. Shortridge.
"What a barbarous mutilation of a work of art," exclaimed Lady Mabel.
"This is, or rather was," said L'Isle, "the temple of Diana, built before the Christian era, perhaps while Sertorius yet lorded it in the Peninsula, and made Evora his headquarters. The architect," continued he, looking at it with the eye of a connoisseur58, "was doubtless a Greek. Time, and the mutilations and additions of the Moor59, have not effaced60 all the beauty of this structure, planned by the genius and reared by the hands of men who lived nineteen centuries ago. The rubble61 work and plaster wall that fills the space between those columns, so requisite62 in their proportions—the pinnacles63 which crown the structure in place of the entablature which has been destroyed, are the work of the Moors64, who strove in vain to unite in harmony their own style of building with that of their Roman predecessors65. Enough remains66 to show the chaste67, beautiful and permanent character of the edifices of that classic age."
After gazing long with deep interest on this monument of the palmy days and wide-spread sway of the Roman, Lady Mabel said: "Let us see if there be not still left within the building some remains of a piece with so noble an exterior68."
"Unhappily," answered L'Isle, "all is changed there. Moreover, though the sacrifices are continued, they are no longer conducted with the decorum of the heathen rites. The temple of the chaste goddess is now the public shambles69 of the city, defiled70 throughout by brutal71 butchers, with the blood and offals of the slaughtered72 herd73."
"Is it possible!" Lady Mabel exclaimed. "Have these people sunk so low? Is so little taste, learning, and reverence74 for high art left among them, that they can find no better use for this rare memorial of the past."
"No people have proved themselves so destitute75 of taste, and of reverence for antiquity76, as the Portuguese," replied L'Isle. "They seem to have found it a pleasure, or deemed it a duty, to erase77 the footprints of ancient art. Monuments of all kinds, beautiful and rare, and but lightly touched by the hand of time, have been ruthlessly destroyed here. To give you a single instance: A gentleman of the family of the Mascarenhas, who had traveled in Italy, and acquired a taste for the arts, collected from different parts about the town of Mertola, twelve ancient statues, with a view to place them on pedestals in his country-house. But he dying before completing his intention, these admirable productions of Roman art, the venerable representations of heroes and sages78, were hurled79 into a lime kiln80 to make cement for the chapel17 of St. John. And such acts of Vandalism have been perpetrated throughout Portugal."
"The barbarians82!" exclaimed Lady Mabel. "The ignorance they condemn83 themselves to, is scarce punishment enough for the offence."
"It is difficult to say how much they have destroyed," continued L'Isle. "But, beside the voice of history, proofs enough remain that Evora was, in the days of Sertorius, of C?sar, and in after-times, a favorite spot with the Romans. This temple before us, mutilated as it is, and the aqueduct, though repaired in modern times, are still Roman; and no ancient monument in Italy is in better preservation84 than the beautiful little castellum which crowns its termination. Even where Roman buildings have been destroyed we still see around us the stones with ancient and classic inscriptions86 built into new walls. The plough, too, of the husbandman still at times turns up the coins of Sertorius, bearing a profile showing the wound he had received in his eye, while the reverse represents his favorite hind21 leaning against a tree."
"How completely do these things carry us back to ancient times, and make even Plutarch's novels seem verities87 of real life," said Lady Mabel. "These same Romans, whom we read of and wonder at, have indeed left behind them, wherever they came, foot-prints indelibly stamped on the face of the country."
"They did more," said L'Isle, "wherever civilization extends, they still set their marks upon the minds of men."
"How barbarous seem the Moorish88 buildings, which we still see here and at Elvas," said Lady Mabel, "compared with these monuments of a yet earlier day."
"The Moors had a style of their own," said L'Isle. "Indifferent to external decoration, they reserved all their ingenuity89 for the interior of their edifices. Stimulated90 by a sensuous91 religion and a luxurious92 climate, they there lavished93 whatever was calculated to delight the senses, and accord with a sedentary and voluptuous94 life. They sought a shady privacy amidst sparkling fountains, artificial breezes, and sweet smelling plants; amidst brilliant colors and a profusion95 of ornaments96, seen by a light sobered from the glare of a southern sun. Numberless were the luxurious palaces the Moors reared in Portugal and Spain. The Alhambra yet stands a model of their excellence97 in the arts; although many of its glories have departed, its walls have become desolate98, and many of them fallen into ruin, though its gardens have been destroyed, and its fountains ceased to play. Charles V. commenced a palace within the enclosure of the Alhambra, in rivalry99 of what he found there. It stands but an arrogant100 intrusion, and is already in a state of dilapidation101 far beyond the work of the Arabs. In them the walls remain unaltered, except by injuries inflicted102 by the hand of man. The colors of the painting, in which there is no mixture of oil, preserve all their brightness—the beams and wood work of the ceilings show no signs of decay. The art of rendering103 timber and paints durable104, and of making porcelain105 mosaics106, arabesques107, and other ornaments, began and ended in western Europe with the Spanish Arabs. But perhaps the most curious achievement attributed to them is, that spiders, flies, and other insects, shunned108 their apartments at all seasons."
"What!" exclaimed Lady Mabel, "had they attained109 that perfection in the art of building? Could they exercise those hordes110 of little demons111, lay a spell upon them and turn them out of doors? Had you told me this yesterday I would have been less impressed by it. But, after last night's ordeal112, I venerate113 the Moor. Almost I regret the expulsion of his cleanly superstition114, since it has carried with it into exile so rare an art."
Mrs. Shortridge, too, seemed fully24 to appreciate the value of the lost art, and said, "these Moors must indeed have been a very comfortable people."
"And they crowned their comfort in this world," said L'Isle, "by inventing an equally comfortable system for the next."
"Is it not strange," said Lady Mabel, gazing on the building before them, "that the production of two races, each so skillful, should be so utterly115 incompatible116. Classic and Saracenic art, both beautiful, united make a monster."
"Not so strange," L'Isle answered, "as the simplicity of the Mohammedan faith, amidst all that is fantastic in arts and letters—a grotesque117 architecture, a wondrous118 alchemy, the extravagant119 in poetry and the supernatural in fiction; or the purity of classic art, characterized by simplicity and proportion, yet drawing its inspiration from a wild and copious120 mythology121, made up of the sportive creations of fancy."
"They were a wonderful people, these Romans, as even this obscure corner of Europe can witness," said Lady Mabel, her eyes dwelling122 on the beautiful colonade, and tracing out the exquisite123 symmetry of the shafts124, and the rich foliage125 of the Corinthian capitals.
"Were these Romans Christians126?" asked Moodie, who had hitherto looked on in silence.
"No," she answered, "they worshipped many false gods."
"Then they were just like all the Romans I have known," said he dryly, and turned his back on the temple.
"Come," said Mrs. Shortridge, "let us take Moodie's hint, and look for something else worth seeing."
As they continued their walk, L'Isle remarked, "In many a place in the peninsula we find a Roman aqueduct, a Moorish castle, and a Gothic cathedral standing127 close together, yet ages apart. How much of history is embraced in this? We have just been gazing upon the mouldering128 remains of two phases of civilization, which were at their height, one, while our forefathers129 were yet heathen and almost savage130, the other, while they were but emerging from a rude barbarism. We should never forget that this peninsula was the high road which arts and letters traveled on their progress into Western Europe, and to our own land."
"We are much indebted to letters and the arts for the unanimity131 with which they came on to us; for certainly," said Lady Mabel, looking round her, "little of either appears to have loitered behind. Every object around us makes the impression of a country and a people who have seen better days; and you cannot help wondering and fearing where this downward path may end."
"The history of humanity is not always the story of progress," said L'Isle; "one nation may be like a young barbarian81, his face turned toward civilization, gazing on it with dazzled but admiring eyes; another, a scowling132, hoary133 outlaw134, turning his back on human culture and social order."
"Your young barbarian," said Lady Mabel, "makes the more pleasing picture of the two."
"Are there your hoary outlaws135?" exclaimed Mrs. Shortridge, as a party of beggars from the door of the Franciscan church hobbled toward them, and beset136 them for alms.
"Oh, no!" said Lady Mabel, "they are angels in disguise, tempting137 us to deeds of charity;" and with the devout138 air of a zealous139 daughter of the one true church, she distributed sundry140 small coin among them. "Come, Moodie," she exclaimed, "I know your pocket is never without a store of sixpences, those canny141 little dogs, that often do the work of shillings. Seize the occasion of doing good works, of appropriating to yourself a meritorious142 charity; for charity covers a multitude of sins. Lay up some treasure in heaven without loss of time."
The beggars, on this hint, surrounded Moodie; but he, repudiating143 such perversion of Scripture doctrine, shook them off with little ceremony. And the beggars' instinct saw, in his hard, indignant face, no hope of alms.
"If you will give nothing, at least buy something," said Lady Mabel; "that fellow bawling144 at you pelus almas, is offering snuff for sale; and the love of snuff, at least, is common ground to Scot and Portuguese."
Thus urged, Moodie paid liberally for a package, and was putting it in his pocket, when Lady Mabel exclaimed, "You do not know, Moodie, what a charitable and Christian deed you have done. Every thing is done in Portugal pelo amor de Deos e pelas almas. That fellow is employed by the priests to sell snuff pelas almas, and all the profits of the trade go to release souls from purgatory145."
"Purgatory!" exclaimed Moodie, "I will not be tricked into countenancing146 that popish abomination;" and he hurled the package back to the man, who gladly picked it up, and turned to seek a second purchaser.
As they walked on toward the church of the Franciscans, Mrs. Shortridge said, "You need not fear a scarcity147 of objects of charity, Lady Mabel, for poverty seems rife148 in Evora."
"Yet, from the number of churches and monasteries149, there must be much wealth," Lady Mabel answered. "Probably, most of the property is in their possession, and we may expect to see in their shrines151 and altars a gorgeous display of their riches."
"You will be disappointed in that," said L'Isle. "Evora has passed too lately through the hands of the French, too systematic152 a people to do things by halves. Their emperor is more systematic still. On taking possession of Portugal, his first edict from Milan imposed a war-contribution on the country of one hundred million of francs, as a ransom153 for private property of every kind. This being somewhat more than all the money in the country, allowed a sufficiently154 wide margin155 for spoliation, without making private property a whit156 the safer for it; the imperial coffers absorbed this public contribution, leaving the French officers and soldiers to fill their pockets and make their fortunes as they could."
"But what was there left to fill their pockets with?" Lady Mabel asked.
"There must have been a plenty left," said Mrs. Shortridge. "One does not know the wealth of a country till you plunder157 it. Even some of our fellows, though they came as friends, still continue occasionally to pocket a useful thing. The officers cannot put a stop to it altogether, do what they may."
"But, with some exceptions," said L'Isle, "each French general levied158 contributions on his own account. Some idea of the amount may be formed from the fact, that at the Convention of Cintra, Junot, who had probably not brought baggage enough into Portugal to load five mules159, demanded five ships for the conveyance160 of his private property. Yet Soult's accumulations in Andalusia are said to exceed Junot's. Whatever may be the result of the war, many a French officer will have made his fortune here. Well did they obey the injunction—
????????"'See thou shake the bags
Set thou at liberty.'
"This last, though, in a sense different from the poets; in Lisbon alone, turning thousands of nuns162 into the streets, that their convents might be converted into barracks. In obedience163 to the imperial decree, all the gold and silver of the churches, chapels, and fraternities of the city were carried off to the mint; and, in this day of sweeping164 confiscation165, individuals did not forget themselves. Indeed, throughout the country, the French soldier proved that he had the eye of a lynx, the scent166 of a hound, and the litheness167 of a ferret after booty, trained to it by the system which makes the war support the war. But Evora has been particularly unlucky. It not only bore its full share of the first burden imposed on the country, but the year after, when the Portuguese, rising too late in armed resistance, lost a battle before the town, the French, entering with the fugitives168, massacred nearly a thousand persons, many of them women and children, including some forty priests, a class they made the especial objects of their vengeance169; and they plundered170 the town so thoroughly, that the very cracks in the walls did not escape their search. The best excuse that can be made for their plunderings is, that in the confusion of their own revolution they so completely lost the idea of property, that though they have recovered the thing, they have not yet remastered the idea of it."
A number of friars now coming out of the church attracted Mrs. Shortridge's attention. But Lady Mabel had an English woman's ear for French atrocities171, and continued the conversation:
"I can understand that a needy172 and ignorant soldiery may perpetrate such robberies amidst scenes of violence, and under the temptations of want; but we expect better things from the men who lead them."
"That supposes these men to be of a different class, with different education and habits from the common soldier. The revolution and conscription has leveled all those distinctions. Many a youth of good birth and education is made to bear his musket173 in the ranks, and does not elevate his comrades to his standard, but is soon degraded to the level of their sentiments and habits. Many a French general, for instance Junot, has been raised from the ranks. Military merit or accident has elevated them to command without a corresponding elevation174 of sentiment or principles. It is not easy to make a gentleman in one generation: somebody says, it takes three."
"What a moderate man that somebody was!" said Lady Mabel; "I thought that the gentry of a country were like its timber, the slow growth of centuries, and that the beginning of nobility must be lost in the dark ages, unless you can find some great statesman, warrior175, or freebooter of later date to start from."
"But," said L'Isle, laughing, "we find men whose pedigree fulfills176 your requisitions, who are not gentlemen in their own persons. The son of a gentleman is too often one only in name."
"That is impossible," said L'Isle, "for a gentleman is a superstructure which can be built on only one foundation—an honest man."
"We had better stop defining the gentleman," said Lady Mabel, "lest between us we narrow down the class, until there are not enough left to officer a regiment178, or for any other useful purpose."
"This is a fine old building," said Mrs. Shortridge, peeping into the church, "and it will be a convenient time to look at it, for it seems quite empty."
"It is not much worth seeing," said L'Isle, "but there is something beyond it which I would like to show you."
They walked into it; but Moodie at first hung back, and hesitated to enter this idolatrous temple, until, luckily remembering the prophet's permission to Naaman the Syrian to accompany his master to the house of Rimmon, he swallowed his scruples179, and followed Lady Mabel.
Passing through the church, they came to an archway, over which was inscribed—
Nos os ossos que aqui estamos
Pelos vossos esperamos.
Passing through it, they found themselves in a huge vault180, its arched ceiling supported by large square piers181, which, with the walls, were covered with human skulls182, set in a hard cement. By the dim light they saw on all sides thousands of ghastly human heads, grinning at them in death; the only signs of life being a few crouching183 devotees, prostrate184 before an illuminated185 shrine150 at the extremity186 of this Golgotha.
Both ladies paused, awe-stricken. Lady Mabel turned pale, and Mrs. Shortridge, after gazing round her for a moment, uttered a little shriek187, and covered her face with her hands. To face these objects was painful enough, but to have them grinning on her, as in mockery, behind her back, was more than she could stand. So seizing old Moodie by the arm, he being beside her, she rushed out of this charnel house, and impatiently called to the others to join her in the church.
With an effort Lady Mabel stifled188 her contagious189 terror, and, advancing further into the gloomy repository, inspected it on all sides. There was little room left on the walls for more memorials of mortality. Having in silence sated her curiosity and her sense of the horrible, feeling all the while a strange reluctance190 to break the deathlike stillness of the place by uttering a word, she at length rejoined Mrs. Shortridge. After taking another look into this apartment of death, her eye rested on the inscription85 over the arch. L'Isle translated it:
Our bones, which here are resting
Are expecting yours.
"God forbid that mine should find so gloomy a resting place," exclaimed Mrs. Shortridge, with a shudder191.
"It is a weakness," said Lady Mabel; "yet we must shrink from this promiscuous192 mingling193 of our ashes, and are even choice in the selection of our last resting place. We hope even in death to rejoin our kindred dust in the ancestral vault, or at least to repose194 under some sunny spot, in the churchyard hallowed to us in life. Is not this your feeling?" she said, appealing to L'Isle.
L'Isle looked grave. "It is a natural feeling clinging to our mortal nature, and doubtless has its use. But I must not indulge it. The soldier is even less at liberty than other men to choose his own grave. The fosse of a beleaguered195 fortress196, a shallow trench197 in a well-fought field, the ravine of a disputed mountain pass, the strand198 of some river to be crossed in the face of the enemy—all these have furnished, and will furnish graves for those who fall, and have the luck to find burial; the wolf and the vulture provide for the rest. We have a wide graveyard," he added, more cheerfully, "stretching from hence to the Pyrenees, and, perchance, beyond them. It embraces many a lovely and romantic spot, only the choice of our last resting place is not left to ourselves."
Lady Mabel shuddered199 at this gloomy picture, and his foreboding tone. She knew how many of her countrymen had fallen, and must fall, in this bloody200 war. Yet, somehow or other, she had always thought of L'Isle as one who was to live, and not to die prematurely201, cut off in youth, health, the pride of manhood, his hopes, powers, aspirations202, just in their bloom. She looked at him with deep, painful interest, as if to read his fortune in his face. What special safeguard protected him? The next moment her conscience pricked203 her, when her father's image rose before her, grown gray in service, and seamed with scars, yet no safer by all his dangers past than the last recruit, and she walked slowly forth from the Franciscan church with sadder and more solemn impressions of the reality and imminence204 of death than could be generated by all that vast array of grinning skulls.
It was growing late, and they turned toward the estalagem. As they strolled on, L'Isle, in the same strain of thought which had last occupied them, said: "War is essentially205 a greedy thing, a great and speedy consumer of what has been slowly produced in peace. We hear of veteran armies, but an army of veterans does not, perhaps never existed. We collect materials and munitions206 of war, expecting to expend207 them in military operations; but we are not aware, until we have tried it, how close a parallel there is between the fates of the inanimate and the living constituents208 that furnish forth an army for the field. It is not the sword chiefly that kills; the hospital swallows more than the battle-field. After a few campaigns, what has been falsely called the skeleton, but is, in truth, the soul of an army, the remnant of experienced officers and tried soldiers, only remains, and new flesh, blood, and bones must be provided for this soul, in the shape of new levies209. When we see an old soldier glorying in his score of campaigns, we should call to mind the score of youths prematurely covered by the sod."
"Few, then," said Lady Mabel, "can enjoy Gonsalvo of Cordova's fortune. On retiring to a monastery210, he avowed211 that every soldier needed for repentance212 an interval213 of some years between his life and his death."
"The great captain's conscience must have pricked him," said L'Isle, "when he made that speech. An unjust war, or a war unjustly waged, lay heavy on him. A soldier knows the likelihood of his dying in his vocation214. If he think it criminal, let him abandon it. Up to this day my conscience has not troubled me on that score. War, always an evil, is often a necessity; and I wonder whether, after an hundred years of peace, we would not find nations worse and more worthless than they now are."
Mrs. Shortridge now called their attention to the number of storks215 in the air. The sun had set, and these grave birds were seeking their roosts; every tower of church and monastery affording a domicil to some feathered family, with the full sanction of the biped denizens216 below.
"The social position of these long-legged gentry all over the peninsula," said L'Isle, "is one of the characteristics of the country. It is astonishing what an amount of respect, and an immunity217 from harm, they enjoy. I am afraid they would fare worse at the hands of the more brutal part of our English populace. They are useful, too; but are more indebted for their safety, and the respect shown them here, to the clerical gravity of their demeanor218."
They had now reached their lodgings219, and were soon after joined by the commissary, who came in rubbing his hands, and exclaiming: "Capital bargains to be made here! Corn plenty, and bullocks that would make a figure in Smithfield. Some farmers have not threshed last year's crop. A curious country this: one province starving, and plenty in the next. It is all owing to the want of roads. But, luckily, Elvas is not far off."
"Yet the Romans," L'Isle remarked, "had once netted over the whole Peninsula with roads."
"When they went away," said the commissary, "the first thing the people of the country did, I suppose, was to let them go to ruin in true Portuguese fashion."
Shortridge now said that he must spend some days in the neighborhood of Evora, and that the party would have to return to Elvas without him. This being agreed to, Lady Mabel suggested that they should find their way back by a different route, and, on consulting the muleteer, they found that it could be done without much lengthening220 their journey.
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recluse
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| n.隐居者 | |
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tapers
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| （长形物体的）逐渐变窄( taper的名词复数 )； 微弱的光； 极细的蜡烛 | |
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lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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immured
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| v.禁闭，监禁( immure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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snail
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| n.蜗牛 | |
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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overthrown
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| adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词 | |
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commemorates
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| n.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的名词复数 )v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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15
eloquently
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| adv. 雄辩地(有口才地, 富于表情地) | |
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chapels
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| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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18
monkish
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| adj.僧侣的，修道士的，禁欲的 | |
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19
monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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20
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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21
hind
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| adj.后面的，后部的 | |
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22
dubbed
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| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制 | |
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23
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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24
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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25
bullied
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| adj.被欺负了v.恐吓，威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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26
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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27
almighty
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| adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的 | |
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28
obstructed
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| 阻塞( obstruct的过去式和过去分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止 | |
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29
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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30
groaned
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| v.呻吟( groan的过去式和过去分词 )；发牢骚；抱怨；受苦 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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32
abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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33
gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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34
exasperating
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| adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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35
zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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36
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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37
err
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| vi.犯错误，出差错 | |
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38
corruptions
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| n.堕落( corruption的名词复数 )；腐化；腐败；贿赂 | |
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39
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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40
perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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41
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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42
crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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43
windings
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| （道路、河流等）蜿蜒的，弯曲的( winding的名词复数 )； 缠绕( wind的现在分词 )； 卷绕； 转动（把手） | |
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44
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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45
reprobate
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| n.无赖汉；堕落的人 | |
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46
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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47
persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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48
clement
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| adj.仁慈的；温和的 | |
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49
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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50
allurements
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| n.诱惑( allurement的名词复数 )；吸引；诱惑物；有诱惑力的事物 | |
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51
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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52
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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53
prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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54
secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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55
sergeant
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| n.警官，中士 | |
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56
rustics
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| n.有农村或村民特色的( rustic的名词复数 )；粗野的；不雅的；用粗糙的木材或树枝制作的 | |
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57
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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58
connoisseur
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| n.鉴赏家，行家，内行 | |
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59
moor
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| n.荒野，沼泽；vt.(使)停泊；vi.停泊 | |
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60
effaced
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| v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；超越；使黯然失色 | |
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61
rubble
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| n.（一堆）碎石，瓦砾 | |
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62
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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63
pinnacles
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| 顶峰( pinnacle的名词复数 )； 顶点； 尖顶； 小尖塔 | |
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64
moors
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| v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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65
predecessors
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| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
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66
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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67
chaste
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| adj.贞洁的；有道德的；善良的；简朴的 | |
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68
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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69
shambles
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| n.混乱之处；废墟 | |
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70
defiled
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| v.玷污( defile的过去式和过去分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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71
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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72
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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74
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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75
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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76
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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77
erase
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| v.擦掉；消除某事物的痕迹 | |
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78
sages
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| n.圣人( sage的名词复数 )；智者；哲人；鼠尾草（可用作调料） | |
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79
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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80
kiln
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| n.（砖、石灰等）窑，炉；v.烧窑 | |
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81
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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82
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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83
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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84
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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85
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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86
inscriptions
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| （作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记 | |
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87
verities
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| n.真实( verity的名词复数 )；事实；真理；真实的陈述 | |
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88
moorish
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| adj.沼地的，荒野的，生[住]在沼地的 | |
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89
ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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90
stimulated
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| a.刺激的 | |
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91
sensuous
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| adj.激发美感的；感官的，感觉上的 | |
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92
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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93
lavished
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| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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94
voluptuous
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| adj.肉欲的，骄奢淫逸的 | |
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95
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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96
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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97
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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98
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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99
rivalry
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| n.竞争，竞赛，对抗 | |
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100
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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101
dilapidation
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| n.倒塌；毁坏 | |
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102
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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103
rendering
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| n.表现，描写 | |
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104
durable
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| adj.持久的，耐久的 | |
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105
porcelain
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| n.瓷；adj.瓷的，瓷制的 | |
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106
mosaics
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| n.马赛克( mosaic的名词复数 )；镶嵌；镶嵌工艺；镶嵌图案 | |
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107
arabesques
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| n.阿拉伯式花饰( arabesque的名词复数 )；错综图饰；阿拉伯图案；阿拉贝斯克芭蕾舞姿（独脚站立，手前伸，另一脚一手向后伸） | |
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108
shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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109
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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110
hordes
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| n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落 | |
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111
demons
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| n.恶人( demon的名词复数 )；恶魔；精力过人的人；邪念 | |
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112
ordeal
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| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
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113
venerate
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| v.尊敬，崇敬，崇拜 | |
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114
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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115
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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116
incompatible
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| adj.不相容的，不协调的，不相配的 | |
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117
grotesque
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| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
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118
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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119
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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120
copious
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| adj.丰富的，大量的 | |
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121
mythology
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| n.神话，神话学，神话集 | |
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122
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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123
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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124
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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125
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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126
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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127
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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128
mouldering
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| v.腐朽( moulder的现在分词 )；腐烂，崩塌 | |
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129
forefathers
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| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
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130
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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131
unanimity
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| n.全体一致，一致同意 | |
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132
scowling
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| 怒视，生气地皱眉( scowl的现在分词 ) | |
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133
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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134
outlaw
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| n.歹徒，亡命之徒；vt.宣布…为不合法 | |
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135
outlaws
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| 歹徒，亡命之徒( outlaw的名词复数 )； 逃犯 | |
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136
beset
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| v.镶嵌；困扰，包围 | |
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137
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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138
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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139
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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140
sundry
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| adj.各式各样的，种种的 | |
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141
canny
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| adj.谨慎的，节俭的 | |
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142
meritorious
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| adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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143
repudiating
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| v.（正式地）否认( repudiate的现在分词 )；拒绝接受；拒绝与…往来；拒不履行（法律义务） | |
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144
bawling
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| v.大叫，大喊( bawl的现在分词 )；放声大哭；大声叫出；叫卖（货物） | |
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145
purgatory
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| n.炼狱；苦难；adj.净化的，清洗的 | |
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146
countenancing
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| v.支持，赞同，批准( countenance的现在分词 ) | |
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147
scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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148
rife
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| adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的 | |
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149
monasteries
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| 修道院( monastery的名词复数 ) | |
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150
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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151
shrines
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| 圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 ) | |
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152
systematic
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| adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的 | |
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153
ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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154
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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155
margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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156
whit
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| n.一点，丝毫 | |
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157
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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158
levied
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| 征（兵）( levy的过去式和过去分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税 | |
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159
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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160
conveyance
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| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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161
hoarding
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| n.贮藏；积蓄；临时围墙；囤积v.积蓄并储藏（某物）( hoard的现在分词 ) | |
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162
nuns
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| n.（通常指基督教的）修女， （佛教的）尼姑( nun的名词复数 ) | |
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163
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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164
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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165
confiscation
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| n. 没收, 充公, 征收 | |
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166
scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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167
litheness
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168
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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169
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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170
plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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171
atrocities
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| n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪 | |
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172
needy
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| adj.贫穷的，贫困的，生活艰苦的 | |
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173
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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174
elevation
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| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
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175
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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176
fulfills
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| v.履行（诺言等）( fulfill的第三人称单数 )；执行（命令等）；达到（目的）；使结束 | |
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177
rogue
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| n.流氓；v.游手好闲 | |
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178
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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179
scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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180
vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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181
piers
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| n.水上平台( pier的名词复数 )；（常设有娱乐场所的）突堤；柱子；墙墩 | |
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182
skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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183
crouching
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的现在分词 ) | |
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184
prostrate
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| v.拜倒，平卧，衰竭；adj.拜倒的，平卧的，衰竭的 | |
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185
illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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186
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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187
shriek
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| v./n.尖叫，叫喊 | |
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188
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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189
contagious
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| adj.传染性的，有感染力的 | |
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190
reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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191
shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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192
promiscuous
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| adj.杂乱的，随便的 | |
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193
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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194
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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195
beleaguered
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| adj.受到围困[围攻]的；包围的v.围攻( beleaguer的过去式和过去分词)；困扰；骚扰 | |
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196
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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197
trench
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| n./v.(挖)沟，(挖)战壕 | |
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198
strand
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| vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地） | |
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199
shuddered
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| v.战栗( shudder的过去式和过去分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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200
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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201
prematurely
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| adv.过早地，贸然地 | |
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202
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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203
pricked
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| 刺，扎，戳( prick的过去式和过去分词 )； 刺伤； 刺痛； 使剧痛 | |
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204
imminence
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| n.急迫，危急 | |
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205
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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206
munitions
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| n.军火，弹药；v.供应…军需品 | |
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207
expend
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| vt.花费，消费，消耗 | |
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208
constituents
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| n.选民( constituent的名词复数 )；成分；构成部分；要素 | |
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209
levies
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| （部队）征兵( levy的名词复数 )； 募捐； 被征募的军队 | |
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210
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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211
avowed
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| adj.公开声明的，承认的v.公开声明，承认( avow的过去式和过去分词) | |
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212
repentance
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| n.懊悔 | |
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213
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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214
vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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215
storks
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| n.鹳( stork的名词复数 ) | |
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216
denizens
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| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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217
immunity
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| n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权 | |
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218
demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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219
lodgings
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| n. 出租的房舍, 寄宿舍 | |
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220
lengthening
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| （时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的现在分词 )； 加长 | |
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