As the sun approached the meridian6 that day it became insufferably warm. Its hot rays scorched7 the ground. The earth almost blistered8 the foot that stood upon it. I was without coat or hat, standing9 bare-headed, exposed to its burning blaze. Great drops of perspiration10 rolled down my face, drenching11 the scanty12 apparel wherewith I was clothed. Over the fence, a very little way off, the peach trees cast their cool, delicious shadows on the grass. I would gladly have given a long year of service to have been enabled to exchange the heated oven, as it were, wherein I stood, for a seat beneath their branches. But I was yet bound, the rope still dangling13 from my neck, and standing in the same tracks where Tibeats and his comrades left me. I could not move an inch, so firmly had I been bound. To have been enabled to[Pg 119] lean against the weaving house would have been a luxury indeed. But it was far beyond my reach, though distant less than twenty feet. I wanted to lie down, but knew I could not rise again. The ground was so parched14 and boiling hot I was aware it would but add to the discomfort15 of my situation. If I could have only moved my position, however slightly, it would have been relief unspeakable. But the hot rays of a southern sun, beating all the long summer day on my bare head, produced not half the suffering I experienced from my aching limbs. My wrists and ankles, and the cords of my legs and arms began to swell16, burying the rope that bound them into the swollen17 flesh.
All day Chapin walked back and forth18 upon the stoop, but not once approached me. He appeared to be in a state of great uneasiness, looking first towards me, and then up the road, as if expecting some arrival every moment. He did not go to the field, as was his custom. It was evident from his manner that he supposed Tibeats would return with more and better armed assistance, perhaps, to renew the quarrel, and it was equally evident he had prepared his mind to defend my life at whatever hazard. Why he did not relieve me—why he suffered me to remain in agony the whole weary day, I never knew. It was not for want of sympathy, I am certain. Perhaps he wished Ford to see the rope about my neck, and the brutal19 manner in which I had been bound; perhaps his interference with another's property in[Pg 120] which he had no legal interest might have been a trespass20, which would have subjected him to the penalty of the law. Why Tibeats was all day absent was another mystery I never could divine. He knew well enough that Chapin would not harm him unless he persisted in his design against me. Lawson told me afterwards, that, as he passed the plantation21 of John David Cheney, he saw the three, and that they turned and looked after him as he flew by. I think his supposition was, that Lawson had been sent out by Overseer Chapin to arouse the neighboring planters, and to call on them to come to his assistance. He, therefore, undoubtedly22, acted on the principle, that "discretion23 is the better part of valor," and kept away.
But whatever motive24 may have governed the cowardly and malignant25 tyrant26, it is of no importance. There I still stood in the noon-tide sun, groaning27 with pain. From long before daylight I had not eaten a morsel28. I was growing faint from pain, and thirst, and hunger. Once only, in the very hottest portion of the day, Rachel, half fearful she was acting29 contrary to the overseer's wishes, ventured to me, and held a cup of water to my lips. The humble30 creature never knew, nor could she comprehend if she had heard them, the blessings31 I invoked32 upon her, for that balmy draught33. She could only say, "Oh, Platt, how I do pity you," and then hastened back to her labors34 in the kitchen.
Never did the sun move so slowly through the heavens—never did it shower down such fervent35 and[Pg 121] fiery36 rays, as it did that day. At least, so it appeared to me. What my meditations37 were—the innumerable thoughts that thronged38 through my distracted brain—I will not attempt to give expression to. Suffice it to say, during the whole long day I came not to the conclusion, even once, that the southern slave, fed, clothed, whipped and protected by his master, is happier than the free colored citizen of the North. To that conclusion I have never since arrived. There are many, however, even in the Northern States, benevolent39 and well-disposed men, who will pronounce my opinion erroneous, and gravely proceed to substantiate40 the assertion with an argument. Alas41! they have never drunk, as I have, from the bitter cup of slavery. Just at sunset my heart leaped with unbounded joy, as Ford came riding into the yard, his horse covered with foam42. Chapin met him at the door, and after conversing43 a short time, he walked directly to me.
"Poor Platt, you are in a bad state," was the only expression that escaped his lips.
"Thank God!" said I, "thank God, Master Ford, that you have come at last."
Drawing a knife from his pocket, he indignantly cut the cord from my wrists, arms, and ankles, and slipped the noose44 from my neck. I attempted to walk, but staggered like a drunken man, and fell partially45 to the ground.
Ford returned immediately to the house, leaving me alone again. As he reached the piazza46, Tibeats[Pg 122] and his two friends rode up. A long dialogue followed. I could hear the sound of their voices, the mild tones of Ford mingling47 with the angry accents of Tibeats, but was unable to distinguish what was said. Finally the three departed again, apparently48 not well pleased.
I endeavored to raise the hammer, thinking to show Ford how willing I was to work, by proceeding49 with my labors on the weaving house, but it fell from my nerveless hand. At dark I crawled into the cabin, and laid down. I was in great misery—all sore and swollen—the slightest movement producing excruciating suffering. Soon the hands came in from the field. Rachel, when she went after Lawson, had told them what had happened. Eliza and Mary broiled50 me a piece of bacon, but my appetite was gone. Then they scorched some corn meal and made coffee. It was all that I could take. Eliza consoled me and was very kind. It was not long before the cabin was full of slaves. They gathered round me, asking many questions about the difficulty with Tibeats in the morning—and the particulars of all the occurrences of the day. Then Rachel came in, and in her simple language, repeated it over again—dwelling emphatically on the kick that sent Tibeats rolling over on the ground—whereupon there was a general titter throughout the crowd. Then she described how Chapin walked out with his pistols and rescued me, and how Master Ford cut the ropes with his knife, just as if he was mad.
[Pg 123]
By this time Lawson had returned. He had to regale51 them with an account of his trip to the Pine Woods—how the brown mule52 bore him faster than a "streak53 o'lightnin"—how he astonished everybody as he flew along—how Master Ford started right away—how he said Platt was a good nigger, and they shouldn't kill him, concluding with pretty strong intimations that there was not another human being in the wide world, who could have created such a universal sensation on the road, or performed such a marvelous John Gilpin feat54, as he had done that day on the brown mule.
The kind creatures loaded me with the expression of their sympathy—saying, Tibeats was a hard, cruel man, and hoping "Massa Ford" would get me back again. In this manner they passed the time, discussing, chatting, talking over and over again the exciting affair, until suddenly Chapin presented himself at the cabin door and called me.
"Platt," said he, "you will sleep on the floor in the great house to-night; bring your blanket with you."
I arose as quickly as I was able, took my blanket in my hand, and followed him. On the way he informed me that he should not wonder if Tibeats was back again before morning—that he intended to kill me—and that he did not mean he should do it without witnesses. Had he stabbed me to the heart in the presence of a hundred slaves, not one of them, by the laws of Louisiana, could have given evidence against him. I laid down on the floor in the "great[Pg 124] house"—the first and the last time such a sumptuous55 resting place was granted me during my twelve years of bondage—and tried to sleep. Near midnight the dog began to bark. Chapin arose, looked from the window, but could discover nothing. At length the dog was quiet. As he returned to his room, he said,
"I believe, Platt, that scoundrel is skulking56 about the premises57 somewhere. If the dog barks again, and I am sleeping, wake me."
I promised to do so. After the lapse58 of an hour or more, the dog re-commenced his clamor, running towards the gate, then back again, all the while barking furiously.
Chapin was out of bed without waiting to be called. On this occasion, he stepped forth upon the piazza, and remained standing there a considerable length of time. Nothing, however, was to be seen, and the dog returned to his kennel59. We were not disturbed again during the night. The excessive pain that I suffered, and the dread60 of some impending61 danger, prevented any rest whatever. Whether or not Tibeats did actually return to the plantation that night, seeking an opportunity to wreak62 his vengeance63 upon me, is a secret known only to himself, perhaps. I thought then, however, and have the strong impression still, that he was there. At all events, he had the disposition64 of an assassin—cowering before a brave man's words, but ready to strike his helpless or unsuspecting victim in the back, as I had reason afterwards to know.
[Pg 125]
At daylight in the morning, I arose, sore and weary, having rested little. Nevertheless, after partaking breakfast, which Mary and Eliza had prepared for me in the cabin, I proceeded to the weaving house and commenced the labors of another day. It was Chapin's practice, as it is the practice of overseers generally, immediately on arising, to bestride his horse, always saddled and bridled65 and ready for him—the particular business of some slave—and ride into the field. This morning, on the contrary, he came to the weaving house, asking if I had seen anything of Tibeats yet. Replying in the negative, he remarked there was something not right about the fellow—there was bad blood in him—that I must keep a sharp watch of him, or he would do me wrong some day when I least expected it.
While he was yet speaking, Tibeats rode in, hitched66 his horse, and entered the house. I had little fear of him while Ford and Chapin were at hand, but they could not be near me always.
Oh! how heavily the weight of slavery pressed upon me then. I must toil67 day after day, endure abuse and taunts68 and scoffs69, sleep on the hard ground, live on the coarsest fare, and not only this, but live the slave of a blood-seeking wretch70, of whom I must stand henceforth in continued fear and dread. Why had I not died in my young years—before God had given me children to love and live for? What unhappiness and suffering and sorrow it would have prevented. I sighed for liberty; but the bondman's[Pg 126] chain was round me, and could not be shaken off. I could only gaze wistfully towards the North, and think of the thousands of miles that stretched between me and the soil of freedom, over which a black freeman may not pass.
Tibeats, in the course of half an hour, walked over to the weaving-house, looked at me sharply, then returned without saying anything. Most of the forenoon he sat on the piazza, reading a newspaper and conversing with Ford. After dinner, the latter left for the Pine Woods, and it was indeed with regret that I beheld71 him depart from the plantation.
Once more during the day Tibeats came to me, gave me some order, and returned.
During the week the weaving-house was completed—Tibeats in the meantime making no allusion72 whatever to the difficulty—when I was informed he had hired me to Peter Tanner, to work under another carpenter by the name of Myers. This announcement was received with gratification, as any place was desirable that would relieve me of his hateful presence.
Peter Tanner, as the reader has already been informed, lived on the opposite shore, and was the brother of Mistress Ford. He is one of the most extensive planters on Bayou B?uf, and owns a large number of slaves.
Over I went to Tanner's, joyfully73 enough. He had heard of my late difficulties—in fact, I ascertained74 the flogging of Tibeats was soon blazoned75 far and wide. This affair, together with my rafting experiment, had[Pg 127] rendered me somewhat notorious. More than once I heard it said that Platt Ford, now Platt Tibeats—a slave's name changes with his change of master—was "a devil of a nigger." But I was destined76 to make a still further noise, as will presently be seen, throughout the little world of Bayou B?uf.
Peter Tanner endeavored to impress upon me the idea that he was quite severe, though I could perceive there was a vein77 of good humor in the old fellow, after all.
"You're the nigger," he said to me on my arrival—"You're the nigger that flogged your master, eh? You're the nigger that kicks, and holds carpenter Tibeats by the leg, and wallops him, are ye? I'd like to see you hold me by the leg—I should. You're a 'portant character—you're a great nigger—very remarkable78 nigger, ain't ye? I'd lash79 you—I'd take the tantrums out of ye. Jest take hold of my leg, if you please. None of your pranks80 here, my boy, remember that. Now go to work, you kickin' rascal," concluded Peter Tanner, unable to suppress a half-comical grin at his own wit and sarcasm81.
After listening to this salutation, I was taken charge of by Myers, and labored82 under his direction for a month, to his and my own satisfaction.
Like William Ford, his brother-in-law, Tanner was in the habit of reading the Bible to his slaves on the Sabbath, but in a somewhat different spirit. He was an impressive commentator83 on the New Testament84. The first Sunday after my coming to the plantation,[Pg 128] he called them together, and began to read the twelfth chapter of Luke. When he came to the 47th verse, he looked deliberately85 around him, and continued—"And that servant which knew his lord's will,"—here he paused, looking around more deliberately than before, and again proceeded—"which knew his lord's will, and prepared not himself"—here was another pause—"prepared not himself, neither did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes."
"D'ye hear that?" demanded Peter, emphatically. "Stripes," he repeated, slowly and distinctly, taking off his spectacles, preparatory to making a few remarks.
"That nigger that don't take care—that don't obey his lord—that's his master—d'ye see?—that 'ere nigger shall be beaten with many stripes. Now, 'many' signifies a great many—forty, a hundred, a hundred and fifty lashes86. That's Scripter!" and so Peter continued to elucidate87 the subject for a great length of time, much to the edification of his sable88 audience.
At the conclusion of the exercises, calling up three of his slaves, Warner, Will and Major, he cried out to me—
"Here, Platt, you held Tibeats by the legs; now I'll see if you can hold these rascals89 in the same way, till I get back from meetin'."
Thereupon he ordered them to the stocks—a common thing on plantations90 in the Red River country. The stocks are formed of two planks92, the lower one[Pg 129] made fast at the ends to two short posts, driven firmly into the ground. At regular distances half circles are cut in the upper edge. The other plank91 is fastened to one of the posts by a hinge, so that it can be opened or shut down, in the same manner as the blade of a pocket-knife is shut or opened. In the lower edge of the upper plank corresponding half circles are also cut, so that when they close, a row of holes is formed large enough to admit a negro's leg above the ankle, but not large enough to enable him to draw out his foot. The other end of the upper plank, opposite the hinge, is fastened to its post by lock and key. The slave is made to sit upon the ground, when the uppermost plank is elevated, his legs, just above the ankles, placed in the sub-half circles, and shutting it down again, and locking it, he is held secure and fast. Very often the neck instead of the ankle is enclosed. In this manner they are held during the operation of whipping.
Warner, Will and Major, according to Tanner's account of them, were melon-stealing, Sabbath-breaking niggers, and not approving of such wickedness, he felt it his duty to put them in the stocks. Handing me the key, himself, Myers, Mistress Tanner and the children entered the carriage and drove away to church at Cheneyville. When they were gone, the boys begged me to let them out. I felt sorry to see them sitting on the hot ground, and remembered my own sufferings in the sun. Upon their promise to return to the stocks at any moment they were required[Pg 130] to do so, I consented to release them. Grateful for the lenity shown them, and in order in some measure to repay it, they could do no less, of course, than pilot me to the melon-patch. Shortly before Tanner's return, they were in the stocks again. Finally he drove up, and looking at the boys, said, with a chuckle,—
"Aha! ye havn't been strolling about much to-day, any way. I'll teach you what's what. I'll tire ye of eating water-melons on the Lord's day, ye Sabbath-breaking niggers."
Peter Tanner prided himself upon his strict religious observances: he was a deacon in the church.
But I have now reached a point in the progress of my narrative93, when it becomes necessary to turn away from these light descriptions, to the more grave and weighty matter of the second battle with Master Tibeats, and the flight through the great Pacoudrie Swamp.
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1
Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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apprehensions
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| 疑惧 | |
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expounds
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| 论述，详细讲解( expound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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meridian
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| adj.子午线的；全盛期的 | |
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scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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8
blistered
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| adj.水疮状的，泡状的v.（使）起水泡( blister的过去式和过去分词 )；（使表皮等）涨破，爆裂 | |
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9
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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perspiration
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| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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drenching
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| n.湿透v.使湿透( drench的现在分词 )；在某人（某物）上大量使用（某液体） | |
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12
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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13
dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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parched
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| adj.焦干的；极渴的；v.（使）焦干 | |
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discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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trespass
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| n./v.侵犯，闯入私人领地 | |
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plantation
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| n.种植园，大农场 | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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motive
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| n.动机，目的；adv.发动的，运动的 | |
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malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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morsel
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| n.一口，一点点 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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invoked
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| v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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labors
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| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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meditations
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| 默想( meditation的名词复数 )； 默念； 沉思； 冥想 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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40
substantiate
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| v.证实；证明...有根据 | |
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41
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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42
foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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43
conversing
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
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44
noose
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| n.绳套，绞索（刑）；v.用套索捉；使落入圈套；处以绞刑 | |
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45
partially
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| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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46
piazza
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| n.广场；走廊 | |
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47
mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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48
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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49
proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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50
broiled
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| a.烤过的 | |
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51
regale
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| v.取悦，款待 | |
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52
mule
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| n.骡子，杂种，执拗的人 | |
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53
streak
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| n.条理，斑纹，倾向，少许，痕迹；v.加条纹，变成条纹，奔驰，快速移动 | |
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54
feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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sumptuous
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| adj.豪华的，奢侈的，华丽的 | |
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56
skulking
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| v.潜伏，偷偷摸摸地走动，鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的现在分词 ) | |
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57
premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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58
lapse
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| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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59
kennel
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| n.狗舍，狗窝 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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wreak
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| v.发泄；报复 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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bridled
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| 给…套龙头( bridle的过去式和过去分词 )； 控制； 昂首表示轻蔑（或怨忿等）； 动怒，生气 | |
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66
hitched
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| （免费）搭乘他人之车( hitch的过去式和过去分词 )； 搭便车； 攀上； 跃上 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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taunts
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| 嘲弄的言语，嘲笑，奚落( taunt的名词复数 ) | |
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scoffs
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| 嘲笑，嘲弄( scoff的第三人称单数 ) | |
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70
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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71
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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blazoned
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| v.广布( blazon的过去式和过去分词 )；宣布；夸示；装饰 | |
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destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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lash
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| v.系牢；鞭打；猛烈抨击；n.鞭打；眼睫毛 | |
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pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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81
sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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commentator
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| n.注释者，解说者；实况广播评论员 | |
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testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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deliberately
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| adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地 | |
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lashes
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| n.鞭挞( lash的名词复数 )；鞭子；突然猛烈的一击；急速挥动v.鞭打( lash的第三人称单数 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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elucidate
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| v.阐明，说明 | |
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sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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89
rascals
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| 流氓( rascal的名词复数 )； 无赖； （开玩笑说法）淘气的人（尤指小孩）； 恶作剧的人 | |
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plantations
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| n.种植园，大农场( plantation的名词复数 ) | |
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plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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planks
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| （厚）木板( plank的名词复数 )； 政纲条目，政策要点 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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