There was some opposition1 to Mr. Taylor’s request to be taken into the United States service, but his persistency3 and gentlemanly address not only overcame the scruples4 of the Commodore, but soon made him a general favorite. Commodore Perry, after his return to the United States, mentioned the circumstances connected with Mr. Taylor’s enlistment5, and used the following language:—
“On my arrival at Shanghai I found there Mr. Bayard Taylor, who had a letter of introduction to me from an esteemed7 friend in New York. He had been a long time, as I understood, exceedingly anxious to join the squadron, that he might visit Japan, which he could reach in no other way.
“On presenting the letter referred to, he at once made a request to accompany me; but to this application I strongly objected, intimating to him the determination I had made at the commencement of the cruise to admit no civilians9, and[231] explaining how the few who were in the squadron had, by signing the shipping10 articles, subjected themselves to all the restraints and penalties of naval11 law; that there were no suitable accommodations for him, and that should he join the expedition he would be obliged to suffer, with the other civilians, many discomforts12 and privations, and would moreover be restricted, under a general order of the navy department, from communicating any information to the public prints or privately13 to his friends; that all the notes or general observations made by him during the cruise would belong to the government, and therefore must be deposited with me. Notwithstanding this, however, with a full knowledge of all the difficulties and inconveniences which would attend his joining the squadron, he still urged his application.
“Being thus importuned14, and withal very favorably impressed with his gentlemanlike and unassuming manners, I at last reluctantly consented, and he joined the mess of Messrs. Heine and Brown on board the ‘Susquehanna.’ During the short time he remained in the squadron he gained the respect and esteem6 of all, and by his habits of observation, aided by his ready pen, became quite useful in preparing notes descriptive of various incidents that transpired15 during our first brief visit to Japan and the Islands. It was the only service he could render, and it was afforded cheerfully. These notes have been used in the preparation of my report, and due credit has, I trust, been given to him. Some of the incidents illustrative of the events mentioned in my official communications were, with my consent, written out by Mr. Taylor and sent home by him for publication in the United States. These he has used in his late[232] work. His original journals were honorably deposited in my hands. His reports, like those of every other individual detailed16 for the performance of a special duty, were of course delivered to me, and became part of the official records of the expedition.”
This tribute of friendship and respect, thus freely bestowed17 by one holding the high rank of Commodore Perry, gratified the friends of Mr. Taylor very much at the time they were written, and will now be prized by them as a testimonial from the highest and best source.
On leaving the port of Shanghai the squadron of the Commodore proceeded direct to the Loo-Choo Islands, which were a group of thirty-six islands lying to the south-west of Japan, and tributary18 to that empire. On the 26th of May, 1853, the several steamers and sailing vessels19 came to anchor in a harbor of the Great Loo-Choo Island, but a few miles from the capital of the kingdom. Immediately Mr. Taylor’s services as a descriptive writer were brought into requisition, and so proficient21 and industrious22 was he, and he so much excelled the others with whom he was associated, that the Commodore saw fit to entrust23 to his quick eye and ready pen many of the most important details of the expedition. His reports or journals of the explorations were never published in full, and as the government kept them from him Mr. Taylor could not use them in his book of travels in Japan and Loo-Choo. This is much to be regretted[233] now, as the greatly condensed narrative24 which appeared in his book does not give the reader a comprehensive idea of Mr. Taylor’s capabilities25. His newspaper correspondence was always more readable and full than were the pages of his book; for, between his desire not to tire the reader nor impoverish26 the publisher, he frequently culled27 and abridged28 too much. What a wonderful volume would that be wherein should be published in full Mr. Taylor’s descriptions of the countries of Loo-Choo and Japan, without condensation29 or abridgment30. To illustrate31 this thought, and to give a clear specimen32 of his style, we insert a page from his diary of the 28th of May, 1853, reciting his experience when out in a small boat in the harbor of the Great Loo-Choo Island visiting the coral reef. It was a very little incident, but we ask the reader to notice how full of interesting information and beautiful reference he made his account of it:
“The crew were Chinamen, wholly ignorant of the use of oars33, and our trip would have been of little avail had not the sea been perfectly34 calm. With a little trouble we succeeded in making them keep stroke, and made for the coral reef, which separates the northern from the lower channel. The tide was nearly out, and the water was very shoal on all the approaches to the reef. We found, however, a narrow channel winding35 between the groves36 of mimic37 foliage38, and landed on the spongy rock, which rose about a foot above the water. Here the little pools that seamed the surface[234] were alive with crabs39, snails40, star-fish, sea-prickles, and numbers of small fish of the intensest blue color. We found several handsome shells clinging to the coral. But all our efforts to secure one of the fish failed. The tide was ebbing41 so fast that we were obliged to return for fear of grounding the boat. We hung for some time over the coral banks, enraptured42 with the beautiful forms and colors exhibited by this wonderful vegetation of the sea. The coral grew in rounded banks, with the clear, deep spaces of water between, resembling, in miniature, ranges of hills covered with autumnal forests. The loveliest tints43 of blue, violet, pale-green, yellow, and white gleamed through the waves. And all the varied44 forms of vegetable life were grouped together along the edges of cliffs and precipices45, hanging over the chasms46 worn by currents below. Through those paths and between the stems of the coral groves, the blue fish shot hither and thither47 like arrows of the purest lapis-lazuli: and others of a dazzling emerald color, with tails and fins48 tipped with gold, eluded49 our chase like the green bird in the Arabian story. Far down below in the dusky depth of the waters we saw now and then some large brown fish hovering50 stealthily about the entrances to the coral groves, as if lying in wait for their bright little inhabitants. The water was so clear that the eye was deceived as to its depths and we seemed now to rest on the branching tops of some climbing forest, now to hang suspended as in mid51 air between the crests52 of two[235] opposing ones. Of all the wonders of the sea, which have furnished food for poetry and fable53, this was assuredly the most beautiful.”
That trait, which characterized Mr. Taylor, accounts in a measure for the inclination54 of all persons who met him to hold his companionship and acquaintance. As Mr. Taylor’s esteemed friend, Mr. E. P. Whipple, of Boston, once beautifully remarked of another, Mr. Taylor was sought by men, “because they learned more of the world and its beauties through his eyes than through their own.” His services in giving an accurate idea of the countries they explored were invaluable55, because it was not only necessary to visit those countries and open their ports to commerce, but it was also necessary to give to the American people such a idea of the advantages and conveniences of trade as to induce them to enter upon it. Nothing could be clearer than his views of life in these islands, nothing more complete than his enumeration56 of the products, manufactures, and needs of the countries they visited. The publication in full of all his notes and observations as suggested to the Naval Department by the officers of the Squadron at the time, would have given our people a better understanding of the importance of the commerce and the character of the people, than any other report could do. However, the Commodore used a great many pages of Mr. Taylor’s journal while making his report to the United States Government.
[236]
Mr. Taylor was detailed to attend nearly every important excursion, and was a most hearty57 and persevering58 explorer. He pushed into the interior of an unknown jungle, intent on finding new flowers, new minerals, or new animals. He ascended59 every mountain which was accessible, and ventured into every cave that could be reached by boat or foot. The Great Loo-Choo Island became familiar to him, and its flora60 and fauna61 were indelibly catalogued in his mind, while the varied views of mountain, vale, forest, bay, and sea were engraved62 upon his memory. By his good nature and kindly63 regard for the welfare of the Loo-Choo natives when they met, he contributed not a little toward the safety and success of the exploration in that island.
From Loo-Choo the fleet sailed to the Bonin Islands, where a harbor suitable for a depot64 of supplies was found and land purchased by the Commodore for government buildings should his choice of a harbor be confirmed. The ships returned to Loo-Choo and proceeded directly to the bay of Yeddo in Japan.
For two hundred years that important nation had preserved its exclusiveness, and had become almost as unknown to the western nations as an undiscovered continent. Almost every commercial nation had, from time to time, attempted to secure a footing for a trading-post or a harbor for their vessels. In every instance they had failed, and the civilized65 world had looked upon Japan as a country sealed beyond hope[237] of breaking. It must have appeared to every one, including the Commodore himself, that the undertaking66 in which he was engaged was an especially difficult enterprise. How could he hope to succeed where England, Portugal, Holland. Italy, and Russia had failed? Yet he succeeded beyond anything the most hopeful had desired; and as a result of his expedition a mighty67 nation and a fertile country were restored to the family of nations.
PAGAN TEMPLE IN JAPAN.
In that expedition Mr. Taylor took a deep interest, and with great enthusiasm wrote letters to his home descriptive of Fusiyama, Kanagawa, and the scenery around Yeddo Bay. During the long delay made by the Japanese authorities, to impress the Commodore with their dignity, he was engaged with eye and ear and pen in the service of his country. With the devotion which marked all his undertakings68, he noted69 everything which passed under his scrutiny70, in order that the Commodore might be informed of every detail. Many travellers pass months at Yokohama, Yeddo, or Nagasaki, making investigations71 and excursions, without finding out so much of interest as Mr. Taylor saw in a single day. That natural and acquired acuteness of observation, and that intuitive comprehension which made him so conspicuous72, are well worthy73 of study and imitation by all persons who are ambitious to excel, whether engaged in travelling or in any other occupation. So thoroughly74 had he disciplined himself in the inspection75 of all that surrounded[238] him, that when he arrived in Japan, the ships, the junks, the people, their dress, their customs, their food, their language, the vegetation, the minerals, the animals, the birds, the landscapes, the bays, the promontories77, the islands, the sea, the air, the sky, the stars, the wind, and the sunlight were each and all full of suggestions and valuable instruction. One could not follow Mr. Taylor’s writings in the closing years of his travels without becoming conscious of ignorance and short-sightedness concerning the commonest things of life. It made his readers feel, oftentimes, when they discovered how much he had noticed which they had overlooked, as boys feel when a playmate finds a silver dollar on a spot which they have passed and repassed without his good luck; with the difference, however, that Mr. Taylor’s good fortune in that respect was the result of hard work and careful culture.
After the close of the preliminary negotiations78, and a hasty survey of the bay of Yeddo, the fleet departed on a short cruise to Hong-Kong, in order to give the Japanese emperor time to think over the propositions which the United States Government had made to His Majesty79.
The trip to Hong-Kong, by way of the Loo-Choo Islands, was without special incident, and on the 7th of August he was again in the harbor which he had left in the month of March. For five months he had known what it was to be a seaman80 and made subject[239] to the strict orders enforced on a man-of-war. It was a fresh experience. He was keen enough to recognize the merits and failings of naval discipline and naval drill. He saw that many improvements might be made in both. He thought, furthermore, that the ships themselves might be constructed on a better pattern. Hence, he boldly recommended changes whenever the opportunity came for him to speak through the public prints. He had become much attached to the officers and men of his ship, and parted with them at Hong-Kong with the feeling of sincere regret. He had made it his home on board, and had been so contented81 and so kindly treated that he felt the pangs82 of homesickness as he shook hands and went over the side for the last time.
Although he had enlisted83 for the usual term of years, as the laws of the United States recognized no shorter term, and ran the risk of being held to the terms of his enlistment, yet there was a tacit understanding between him and the Commodore that he should be allowed to resign when the fleet returned to Macao. Consequently, when he presented at that port his resignation it was promptly84 accepted, and he became a civilian8 again. He found it nearly as awkward to be a landsman as he had at first to be a sailor, and often looked out on the great men-of-war, as they lay at anchor, with an indescribable yearning85 to tread their decks.
From Macao, he made excursions to Hong-Kong[240] and Canton, finding friends that pleased him, and an aristocratic snobbery86 that displeased87 him, in the former place, and dirt, vice2, and cheating in the latter, which made him further disgusted with the Chinese race. In Canton, as elsewhere, he spoke88 of them in strong terms, condemning89 their importation into the United States in a manner to please the bitterest hater of the Celestials90 to be found on our Pacific coast. Yet he visited the shops, practised the “pigeon English,” visited the great temple of Honan, tested the power of opium91 by smoking it himself, made a tour into the country, interested himself in the foreign factories and the local government, and made the acquaintance of many enterprising foreign merchants. But his aversion to the Chinese, doubtless intensified92 by the wild rumors93 of barbarous deeds then current on account of the rebellion, was not abated94 after he had seen the great metropolis95; and he frankly96 admitted, in his letters and in his book, that he was glad to get away from China.
At Canton, he took passage in a sailing vessel20 bound for New York, that being his most direct and least expensive route. He was anxious to return to the United States, because he had been absent over two years, and because of some financial arrangements which he considered it important to make. He felt also that if he should publish a record of his travels in the form of books, the sooner they were issued after his letters had appeared in the “Tribune,” the better[241] for the publishers and for himself. In this undertaking, however, he was much delayed.
The ship in which he sailed, passed the Philippine Islands and the coast of Java, and rounding the Cape76 of Good Hope, stopped for water at the isle97 of St. Helena. The body of the Emperor Napoleon had been removed to Paris, but Mr. Taylor found it a very interesting and romantic spot. He was as much shocked, however, by the desecration98 of the spot by the practical herd-keepers, as he was by the profanity of the machine-rhymester who marred99 the grotto100 of the poet Camoens at Macao with a doggerel101 composition. Mr. Taylor felt the absurdity102 of such profanations, as none but poetical103 natures can feel them.
From St. Helena, the voyage was not unusually eventful, and after one hundred and one days at sea, and with Mr. Taylor nearly that number of days engaged in writing and correcting, they arrived in New York on the 20th of December, 1853. His welcome to New York and to his old home was one of the most pleasant experiences of his life, and he often mentioned it as being as exciting as the event of his first return when he walked into the old homestead in his German walking-suit.
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1
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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persistency
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| n. 坚持(余辉, 时间常数) | |
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scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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enlistment
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| n.应征入伍，获得，取得 | |
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esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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civilian
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| adj.平民的，民用的，民众的 | |
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civilians
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| 平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓 | |
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shipping
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| n.船运（发货，运输，乘船） | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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discomforts
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| n.不舒适( discomfort的名词复数 )；不愉快，苦恼 | |
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privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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importuned
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| v.纠缠，向（某人）不断要求( importune的过去式和过去分词 )；（妓女）拉（客） | |
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transpired
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的过去式和过去分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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tributary
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| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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proficient
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| adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家 | |
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industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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entrust
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| v.信赖，信托，交托 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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impoverish
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| vt.使穷困，使贫困 | |
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culled
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| v.挑选，剔除( cull的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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abridged
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| 削减的，删节的 | |
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condensation
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| n.压缩，浓缩；凝结的水珠 | |
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abridgment
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| n.删节，节本 | |
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illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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oars
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| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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mimic
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| v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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crabs
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| n.蟹( crab的名词复数 )；阴虱寄生病；蟹肉v.捕蟹( crab的第三人称单数 ) | |
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snails
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| n.蜗牛；迟钝的人；蜗牛( snail的名词复数 ) | |
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ebbing
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的现在分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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enraptured
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| v.使狂喜( enrapture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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44
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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precipices
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| n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 ) | |
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chasms
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| 裂缝( chasm的名词复数 )； 裂口； 分歧； 差别 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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fins
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| [医]散热片；鱼鳍；飞边；鸭掌 | |
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49
eluded
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| v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的过去式和过去分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到 | |
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50
hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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mid
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| adj.中央的，中间的 | |
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crests
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| v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的第三人称单数 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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53
fable
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| n.寓言；童话；神话 | |
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inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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55
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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enumeration
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| n.计数，列举；细目；详表；点查 | |
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57
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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persevering
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| a.坚忍不拔的 | |
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59
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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61
fauna
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| n.(一个地区或时代的)所有动物，动物区系 | |
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engraved
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| v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的过去式和过去分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中） | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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depot
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| n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站 | |
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civilized
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| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
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undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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68
undertakings
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| 企业( undertaking的名词复数 )； 保证； 殡仪业； 任务 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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investigations
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| （正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究 | |
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72
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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75
inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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76
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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77
promontories
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| n.岬，隆起，海角( promontory的名词复数 ) | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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80
seaman
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| n.海员，水手，水兵 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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82
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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83
enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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85
yearning
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| a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的 | |
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86
snobbery
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| n. 充绅士气派, 俗不可耐的性格 | |
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displeased
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| a.不快的 | |
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88
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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condemning
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| v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地 | |
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celestials
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| n.天的，天空的( celestial的名词复数 ) | |
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opium
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| n.鸦片；adj.鸦片的 | |
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intensified
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| v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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rumors
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| n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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abated
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| 减少( abate的过去式和过去分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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desecration
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| n. 亵渎神圣, 污辱 | |
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marred
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| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
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100
grotto
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| n.洞穴 | |
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101
doggerel
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| n.拙劣的诗，打油诗 | |
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102
absurdity
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| n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 | |
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103
poetical
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| adj.似诗人的；诗一般的；韵文的；富有诗意的 | |
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