All our present domestic animals having sprung from wild stock, it is not very remarkable7 that many other animals now found in a state of nature, may be rendered equally gentle and obedient under proper treatment. As the taming of these animals answers no purpose save the gratification of public curiosity, the number is comparatively small, for as soon as a tame bear or buffalo1 ceases to be a novelty the most profitable thing for his owner to do is to chop him up into steaks. Whatever may be the ferocity of an animal that has reached maturity8, this characteristic is almost wholly lacking in his infancy9, consequently most of the tamed animals have been captured young, and accustomed for the principal part of their lifetime to captivity10.
All wild animals when captured, after they have reached an adult age, display at first a passionate11 resistance to confinement12 and all efforts to soothe13 them. While this lasts it is usual to keep them without food. The exhaustion14 induced by this deprivation15 greatly aids in quelling16 their rage, besides teaching them the hopelessness of resistance. With cubs17 this is scarcely ever necessary; though they sometimes display anger, they are so easily overpowered or restrained from mischief18, that it is hardly worth while needlessly to make them suffer hunger. As soon as the old ones become quiet they are fed by the tamer, who thus lays the foundation of their future good will. Animals in menageries are, as a rule, fed one full meal each day, with the exception of Sunday, on which day they get nothing to eat. This fast is intended to keep them in health, and to rest their digestive organs, and is nothing to animals who can go for days or even weeks without food if necessary.
Small animals, such as squirrels, etc., may be tamed without difficulty, even if captured when arrived at a considerable age. Gentle treatment, the avoidance of any teasing or aggravating19, and a gradual increase of the tamer’s familiarity with the captive, will be all that is requisite20 in most cases. When tamed, the animals may be taught tricks of various kinds in the same manner that we have elsewhere described for teaching the same performances to other animals.
137A squirrel, if captured when moderately young, can be tamed in a couple of days by merely carrying him in your pocket. The warmth of the pocket will be pleasant to him, and by giving him a nut occasionally you will convince him that you mean well toward him, and so gain his confidence. At first, care must be taken to prevent his escape, but by-and-by he may be allowed to come out and go in at his pleasure, and he will run about your lap with the greatest familiarity. With flying squirrels this method of training is particularly successful.
Squirrels and many of the small wild animals can be made tame by any boy who is willing to devote sufficient time and patience to the object. In some cases it is not necessary to capture the animal. We have known instances of animals, particularly squirrels, being made so tame that they would of their own accord come to the tamer on hearing his voice. There was no great mystery in their docility22; food had been at first placed in places frequented by them, the person so placing it retiring to a distance. By-and-by the animal would come and eat the food, perhaps glancing suspiciously at the distant figure, but if the person made no motion to startle him, he would continue his meal.
This placing of food would require long continuance, the person each time remaining a little nearer than before, until, in time, the animal would have no fear even in his immediate24 vicinity. Then bits of food may be gently dropped down for him, and if the tamer stands quietly they will probably be picked up. Then the tamer may step backward and again drop a morsel25; the animal will advance to get it, and at last he may even become so familiar as to eat from the hand. A squirrel who has been so far tamed may then easily be taught to climb over the tamer’s person by enticing26 him forward with some dainty. We have seen a squirrel induced to go through quite a variety of little performances, standing27 erect29, leaping, and climbing wherever desired, lured30 on by a kernel31 of corn at the end of a piece of string.
Of the larger animals, bears have always been favorite subjects with trainers. Considerable difficulty and danger is encountered in securing the cubs, owing to the ferocity and courage with which the mother bear defends her young. The old bear is in most cases killed before the capture of the young ones can be accomplished32. During the infancy of the cubs the old he-bear ungallantly deserts the partner of his bosom33, and takes up his quarters at a distance, to avoid annoyance34 by the cries of his progeny35; so the hunter often escapes trouble with the head of the family. Bears are born blind, like puppies, and 138remain so for about eight or nine days. With care they can be raised even if taken when only four or five days old. The black bear attains36 his full size when eight or nine years old.
Bears like many other animals have been called upon to lend their aid in theatrical37 displays. A frightful38 scene occurred some twenty years ago at the theater of Czerny, in Bohemia, during the performance of a melo-drama, called the “Bear of the Mountains,” the principal performer in which was a bruin of such wonderful docility and dramatic talent, that for a long succession of nights he attracted overflowing39 audiences. On this occasion, however, something had put this star out of humor, and he was observed to be wanting in those brilliant displays of the histrionic art which had previously40 overwhelmed him with applause. In the third act, instead of coming down the mountains by a winding41 path, with the slow and solemn step, as set down in the prompter’s book, he alighted on the stage at one bound.
On his return behind the scenes he received reproofs43, which, instead of improving, made his temper still more sullen44; and it was with difficulty he could be prevailed on to go through his part. In the last scene he was induced to commence a waltz with a young and beautiful peasant girl, and seemed to take so much enjoyment45 in the dance, that the whole audience were raised from their seats, and, standing on the benches, drowned the sounds of a powerful orchestra with their acclamations of praise and delight.
In a moment, however, the joyous46 spectacle was changed into one of horror; a piercing shriek48 was heard above all the combination of noises; the stage was one moment in the utmost confusion, and the next was clear of every performer except the bear, who appeared with his muzzle49, unfastened, and hanging around his neck; and after making a wide display of his tremendous gullet, leaped into the orchestra, which, as may be easily imagined, was as vacant as the stage. The flight of the audience was equally as quick, but the consequences more serious. Numbers were severely51 crushed and bruised52 in the struggle at the doors, and several were dreadfully injured by being thrown down and trampled53 upon. After a pause, a platoon of soldiers went into the pit with fixed54 bayonets and loaded barrels, and ordered to bring out the cause of all the evil, dead or alive; but they found him, like other great actors who have performed their parts and become exhausted55 by their exertions56, taking his repose57 on one of the benches, and incapable58 or unwilling59 to make any resistance.
The performances of bears consist almost entirely60 of natural 139actions, such as walking erect, climbing, leaping, and the like. These are arranged to form a variety of feats61; that of a bear riding around the ring, in a gig drawn62 by a pony63, is very simple, the bear being only required to set erect, and hold the reins64 in his paws. Carrying articles, as when acting65 waiter, is natural. Standing on their heads and turning somersaults are probably feats not commonly indulged in in a state of freedom; they are taught by rapping the hind42 legs until the animals take the desired position or make the desired turn-over. The most pretentious66 bear show within our knowledge was that of “Old Grizzly67 Adams,” a hunter who managed to collect quite a number and variety of bears, which were exhibited some years ago. Laughing, crying, singing, and other bears were advertised as belonging to this collection; but the laughing, crying and singing were the mere21 natural voices of the bears, and all so nearly alike that only a vivid imagination enabled the hearer to distinguish between the laughing, crying, and singing. Some gaudy68 costumes tickled69 with their ridiculousness the fancy of the audience, and the exhibition gave very fair satisfaction.
DANCING BEARS IN COSTUME.
Little bears are intensely amusing, and they display a great fondness for romping70 and playing. We have known of hunters bringing cubs home, and adopting them, as it were, into their families, the bears becoming exceedingly familiar, sleeping with the children, and eating from their bowls of bread and milk, climbing into the hunter’s lap and licking his face, and, in fact, making themselves perfectly71 at home. As they grow old, however, they are liable to become enraged72 at teasing or other provocation73 and to be dangerous.
Bears sometimes acquire a fondness for liquor, and this article 140is in some cases used by trainers as an inducement or reward for performing. Cake, candy, and like treats are also powerful incentives74 with bears. A writer in one of the magazines describes a huge bear whose acquaintance he made in New Orleans, belonging to a Spaniard who kept a public house in the vicinity of that city. This bear had contracted so great a liking75 for whiskey and sugar, that he became troublesome unless he had his liquor and his spree, and no one could mistake the cause of his conduct when “fuddled.” He rolled from side to side, leered ridiculously and smiled foolishly, and was loving and savage76 by turns. He would wrap his great paw around the tumbler containing “the poison,” go through the ceremony of touching77 glasses with the gentleman who paid for the treat, and then pour the contents down his capacious throat with a gusto that made old topers “love that animal like one of themselves.”
PERFORMING BEARS.
BEAR AND PONY ACT.
Buffaloes have also been drafted into the service of the circus, but their performances are in no way remarkable—except, perhaps, for the very absence of anything remarkable. The fierce monster who, with steaming nostrils78 and flaming eyes, is represented 141on the circus posters as recklessly dashing over palisade-like fences, is usually found in sober fact to be a dejected looking animal of very moderate proportions, requiring vigorous punching to induce him to trot79 around the ring and leap the low “hurdles80” the “general utility” men hold for him. His greatest aim in life appears to be to avoid hurting his shins while going over these barriers.
Buffalo training is nothing but reducing the animal to submission81, which a few applications of the horse taming straps82 will usually accomplish. Then he is driven around the ring until he learns to keep up a steady trot, after which the hurdles are placed in his way and he made to leap over, by the trainer’s assistants standing so as to cut off his retreat, and the trainer goading83 him forward. In obstinate84 cases a ring is attached to the animal’s nose in the same manner as with bulls.
THE IDEAL BUFFALO OF THE POSTERS.
There are occasional examples recorded of the taming of wolves and hyenas. A story, we believe well authenticated85, of a pet wolf, is related by M. Frederick Cuvier, and shows that even animals not usually considered affectionate, are not without gratitude86 to their benefactors87, nor insensible of kind treatment. The wolf, who is the hero of this story, had been brought up like a dog, and became familiar with every one he was in the habit of seeing. He would follow his master, seemed to suffer from his absence, evinced entire submission, and differed not in manners from the tamest domestic dog. The master being obliged to travel, made a present of him to the Royal Menagerie at Paris. Here, shut up in his compartment88, the animal remained for several weeks moody89 and discontented, and 142almost without eating. He gradually however, recovered, attached himself to his keeper, and seemed to have forgotten all his old affection. His master returned after an absence of eighteen months. At the very first word which he pronounced, the wolf, who did not see him in the crowd, instantly recognized him, and testified his joy by his antics and his cries. Being set at liberty, he overwhelmed his old friend with caresses90, just as the most attached dog would have done after a separation of a few days. Unhappily, his master was obliged to leave him a second time, and this absence was again to the poor wolf the cause of profound regret, but time allayed91 his grief. Three years elapsed, and the wolf was living very comfortably with a young dog that had been given him as a companion. After this space of time, sufficient to make any dog forget his master, the gentleman returned again. It was evening, and all was shut up, and the eyes of the animal could be of no use to him, but the voice of his beloved master was not yet effaced92 from his memory; the moment he heard it he knew it, and answered by cries expressive93 of the most impatient desire, and on the obstacle which separated them being removed, his cries redoubled. The animal rushed forward, placed his fore23 feet on the shoulders of his friend, licked every part of his face, and threatened with his teeth those very keepers to whom he had so recently testified the warmest affection.
THE REAL BUFFALO OF THE RING.
A French nobleman was some years ago famous for having several tame wolves; his method of taming being to confine each animal in a kennel94 by himself until he became docile95. The wolves were never struck, but if when, little by little, they had become accustomed to the tamer’s presence, they made any attempt 143to bite, they were seized by the neck and a rough stick or knotty96 cane97 rubbed hard over their gums, which gave them a great disinclination to ever again use their teeth in an offensive manner.
The rhinoceros4 is frequently tamed in the east, the plan being to confine the animal in a pen built around a small pond of water, and to keep him without food until reduced by hunger. Food is eventually supplied, and withheld98 again whenever any symptoms of fierceness are manifested. Those in captivity have been captured, in most cases, when young.
As early as 1685 a live specimen99 was carried to England from the East Indies, while a few years later another was exhibited extensively in Europe. Since then others of the species have been brought to Europe and America. Their behavior is very like a huge docile pig, and they obey some simple orders of their keepers, such as walking around the room on command and exhibiting themselves to spectators, opening and shutting their mouths as directed, and the like.
One of these animals, still young, habitually100 indicated a very mild disposition101, being very obedient to his keeper, whose caresses he received with much satisfaction. He was subject, however, to violent fits of passion, and at such times it was dangerous to approach him. He then made prodigious102 efforts to break his chains and escape from his bondage103; but the offer of bread and fruits seldom failed to soothe his most terrible convulsions.
Those persons found the most favor with him who ministered the most to his gormandizing appetites; and, when they appeared, he exhibited his satisfaction by opening his mouth and extending to them his long upper lip. The narrow limits of the cage in which he was shut up did not allow him to manifest much intelligence. The object of the keeper was to make him forget his strength, or forego its exercise; hence, nothing calculated to awaken104 his consciousness of power was required of him. To open his mouth, to move his head to the right or left, or to lift his leg were the usual acts by which he was required to testify his obedience105. His strength, and the fear that in one of his passions he might break his cage, insured to him the most mild and soothing106 treatment, and he was scrupulously107 rewarded for the least thing he was required to do. The distinction he made of persons, and the great attention he paid to everything which passed around, demonstrated that, in more favorable circumstances, his intelligence might have been more strikingly manifested.
Akin50 to the rhinoceros is the hippopotamus108, a very fine specimen of which was exhibited in this country some years 144since, and realized for his Arab keeper quite a handsome sum, the Arab bringing him here on speculation109 and hiring him out to museum and circus managers. Between Hamet, the keeper, and Obaysch, the hippopotamus, considerable affection existed, probably even more on the animal’s part than on the man’s. Side by side they slept in Cairo, and during the first week of their voyage to Southampton. But as the weather grew warmer, and Obaysch larger and larger—he was quite young when captured and grew with the rapidity of all members of the swinish race—Hamet had a hammock slung110 from the beams immediately over the place where he had been accustomed to sleep; just over, in fact, his side of the bed, his position being raised some two or three feet. Assuring Obaysch, not only by words but by extending one arm over the side so as to touch him, Hamet got into his hammock and fell asleep, when he was suddenly awakened111 by a jerk and a hoist112, only to find himself close by the side of his “compagnon du voyage.” Another experiment at separate sleeping was attended by the same successful movements on the part of Obaysch, and, till they arrived at Southampton, Hamet desisted from any farther trial, as he avoided in all ways any irritation113 of the animal. On the voyage to this country he slept with his huge charge, who at sea especially, seemed more content, and to feel safer, when his keeper was at his side.
One morning during the voyage, Hamet, from some cause or other, absented himself from Obaysch a little longer than usual, when he ran through his octave of cries, from the most plaintive115 to the most violent, and then was profoundly silent. “Hamet,” says the narrator, “thought his freedom was achieved, and then, with the air of an emancipated116 serf, he opened his wicket, and condescended117 to return to his tyrant—tyrant no longer, as he hoped. Hippo awaited him with a twinkle of his infant eye—that curious, prominent, versatile118 eye, which looks everywhere at once—as he floated in the tank, so as to command the interior of his home. Hamet, in his great fidelity119, used to keep part of his wardrobe in an angle of the roof, for convenience of making his toilet without annoying his charge by unnecessary absence. The bundle in which these choice vestments were secured had been pushed down by the revengeful infant, rubbed open with his blunt nose during that ominous120 silence, and finally left in such a state, that neither Hamet, nor any other being, Mohammedan or Christian121, could ever don them again. Hamet is a well-conducted Mussulman, and not given to indulging in profane122 language, but he addressed Hippo in terms of the 145strongest reprehension123. Hippo twinkled his eye and shook his head, blew a little trumpet124 through his nostrils, and smiled in triumphant125 malevolence126.”
Nothing among modern shows can compare with the old amphitheatrical exhibitions of the Romans. For these, large numbers of animals were collected from the shores of Africa and India; in the contests of the arena127 they were slaughtered128 by wholesale129. Eutropius states, and his assertion is corroborated130 by other writers, that 5,000 wild beasts of all kinds were slain131 at the dedication132 of the amphitheater of Titus. Pompey, at the opening of his theater, exhibited a variety of games and battles with wild beasts in which 500 lions were killed in five days; and in another exhibition the tragedy consisted in “the massacre133 of 100 lions and an equal number of lionesses, 200 leopards134, and 300 bears.” Even if public taste at the present day would tolerate such butchery, it would be rather too expensive with lions costing from $2,000 to $4,000 each. In those days, of course, the cost was much less; in fact, the price of wild beasts in this country is usually ten times their price in their native regions. This profit is necessary to cover the great cost of transportation, feeding and the risks of death or accidents on the passage. Insurance companies consider them too risky135 to insure. Prices, however, fluctuate greatly, according to the demand, and an animal worth to-day $1,000 may be worth only $200 next month, though he be in equally good condition.
In the days when “ordeals” were used to prove the guilt137 or innocence138 of accused persons, the Brahmin priests of Hindoostan made use of crocodiles for this purpose. The accused was compelled to swim across a river infested139 with these animals and his fate decided140 the question of his guilt or innocence. There is good reason to believe that there was trickery in these tests; that crocodiles were tamed and kept in one part of the river while those of the other portions of the stream remained in their savage state. The Brahmins could thus predetermine the fate of the persons submitting to the ordeal136, and doubtless had those whom they desired to favor cross among the tame animals, while others whom they feared or hated were placed at the mercy of the wild ones. Tame crocodiles are by no means rarities; the Egyptian priests after rendering141 them docile, placed bracelets142 upon their forefeet, and hung rings and precious stones in the opercula of their ears, which were bored for the purpose, and then presented them for adoration143 of the people.
The means used in taming the crocodile seem to have been principally kind treatment and tempting144 food. This plan is pursued even to the present day in Egypt, India, and other countries. 146Several individual cases are on record giving details of the taming process. Mr. Laing saw at the house of the king of the Soulimas—a negro race occupying the country near the river Joliba, on the coast of Sierra Leone—a tamed crocodile as gentle as a dog; but this animal was confined a prisoner in a pond in the palace. The Scheik of Suakem—a seaport145 in Nubia, on the west coast of the Red Sea—having caught a young crocodile, tamed it, and kept it in a pond near the sea. The animal grew very large, but did not lose his docility. The prince placed himself upon the animal’s back, and was carried a distance of more than three hundred steps. In the island of Sumatra, in the year 1823, an immense crocodile established himself at the mouth of the Beanjang; he had chased away all the other crocodiles and devoured146 all of them who ventured to return. The inhabitants rendered him divine homage147, and respectfully supplied him with food. “Pass,” said they to the English missionaries148 who relate the fact, and who were afraid to approach the formidable creature; “pass on, our god is merciful.” In fact he peacefully regarded the Europeans and their boat, without giving any signs either of anger, fear, or a desire to attack them.
The following account is given of a tame crocodile, in a private letter, quoted in a review of the Erpètologie Gènèrale, and affords corroborative149 proof of the foregoing statements. The writer, having ridden a considerable distance to a village about eight miles from Kurachee, in Scinde, and feeling thirsty, went to a pool to procure150 some water. “When I got to the edge,” says he, “the guide who was with me pointed151 out something in the water, which I had myself taken to be the stump152 of a tree; and although I had my glasses on, I looked at it for some time before I found that I was standing within three feet of an immense alligator5. I then perceived that the swamp was crowded with them, although they were all lying in the mud so perfectly motionless that a hundred people might have passed without observing them. The guide laughed at the start I gave, and told me that they were quite harmless, having been tamed by a saint, a man of great piety153, whose tomb was to be seen on a hill close by; and that they continued to obey the orders of a number of fakirs, who lived around the tomb. I proceeded to the village immediately, and got some of the fakirs to come down to the water with a sheep. One of them then went close to the water with a long stick, with which he struck the ground, and called to the alligators, which immediately came crawling out of the water, great and small together, and lay down on the bank all around him. The sheep was then killed 147and quartered; and while this was going on, the reptiles154 continued crawling until they had made a complete ring around us. The fakir kept walking about within the circle, and if any one attempted to encroach, he rapped it unmercifully on the snout with his stick, and drove it backward. Not one of them attempted to touch him, although they showed rows of teeth that seemed able to snap him in two at a bite. The quarters of the sheep were then thrown to them, and the scene that followed was so indescribable that I shall not attempt it; but I think that if you will turn to Milton, and read his account of the transformation155 of Satan and his crew in Pandemonium156, you may form some faint idea ‘how dreadful was the din28.’ In what manner these monsters were first tamed I cannot say. The natives, of course, ascribe it to the piety of the saint, who is called Miegger Pier47, or Saint Crocodile.”
The alligators of this country, though seldom tamed even for public exhibition, might readily be, as they do not differ in any important respect from the crocodiles.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
buffalo
|
|
| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
buffaloes
|
|
| n.水牛（分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种）( buffalo的名词复数 )；（南非或北美的）野牛；威胁；恐吓 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
hyenas
|
|
| n.鬣狗( hyena的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
rhinoceros
|
|
| n.犀牛 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
alligator
|
|
| n.短吻鳄(一种鳄鱼) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
alligators
|
|
| n.短吻鳄( alligator的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
remarkable
|
|
| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
maturity
|
|
| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
infancy
|
|
| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
captivity
|
|
| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
passionate
|
|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
confinement
|
|
| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
soothe
|
|
| v.安慰；使平静；使减轻；缓和；奉承 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
exhaustion
|
|
| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
deprivation
|
|
| n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
quelling
|
|
| v.（用武力）制止，结束，镇压( quell的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
cubs
|
|
| n.幼小的兽，不懂规矩的年轻人( cub的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
mischief
|
|
| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
aggravating
|
|
| adj.恼人的，讨厌的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
requisite
|
|
| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
mere
|
|
| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
docility
|
|
| n.容易教，易驾驶，驯服 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
fore
|
|
| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
immediate
|
|
| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
morsel
|
|
| n.一口，一点点 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
enticing
|
|
| adj.迷人的；诱人的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
standing
|
|
| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
din
|
|
| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
erect
|
|
| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
lured
|
|
| 吸引，引诱（lure的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
kernel
|
|
| n.(果实的)核，仁；(问题)的中心，核心 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
accomplished
|
|
| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
bosom
|
|
| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
annoyance
|
|
| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
progeny
|
|
| n.后代，子孙；结果 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
attains
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
theatrical
|
|
| adj.剧场的，演戏的；做戏似的，做作的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
frightful
|
|
| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
overflowing
|
|
| n. 溢出物,溢流 adj. 充沛的，充满的 动词overflow的现在分词形式 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
previously
|
|
| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
winding
|
|
| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
hind
|
|
| adj.后面的，后部的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
reproofs
|
|
| n.责备，责难，指责( reproof的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
44
sullen
|
|
| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
enjoyment
|
|
| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
joyous
|
|
| adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
pier
|
|
| n.码头；桥墩，桥柱；[建]窗间壁，支柱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
shriek
|
|
| v./n.尖叫，叫喊 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
muzzle
|
|
| n.鼻口部；口套；枪(炮)口；vt.使缄默 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
akin
|
|
| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
severely
|
|
| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
bruised
|
|
| [医]青肿的，瘀紫的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
trampled
|
|
| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
fixed
|
|
| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
exhausted
|
|
| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
exertions
|
|
| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
repose
|
|
| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
incapable
|
|
| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
unwilling
|
|
| adj.不情愿的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
entirely
|
|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
feats
|
|
| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
drawn
|
|
| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
pony
|
|
| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
reins
|
|
| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
acting
|
|
| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
pretentious
|
|
| adj.自命不凡的，自负的，炫耀的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
grizzly
|
|
| adj.略为灰色的，呈灰色的；n.灰色大熊 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
gaudy
|
|
| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
tickled
|
|
| （使）发痒( tickle的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）愉快，逗乐 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
romping
|
|
| adj.嬉戏喧闹的，乱蹦乱闹的v.嬉笑玩闹( romp的现在分词 )；（尤指在赛跑或竞选等中）轻易获胜 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
perfectly
|
|
| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
enraged
|
|
| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
provocation
|
|
| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
incentives
|
|
| 激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
liking
|
|
| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
savage
|
|
| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
touching
|
|
| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
nostrils
|
|
| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
trot
|
|
| n.疾走，慢跑；n.老太婆；现成译本；(复数）trots:腹泻（与the 连用）；v.小跑，快步走，赶紧 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
hurdles
|
|
| n.障碍( hurdle的名词复数 )；跳栏；（供人或马跳跃的）栏架；跨栏赛 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
submission
|
|
| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
straps
|
|
| n.带子( strap的名词复数 )；挎带；肩带；背带v.用皮带捆扎( strap的第三人称单数 )；用皮带抽打；包扎；给…打绷带 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
goading
|
|
| v.刺激( goad的现在分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
obstinate
|
|
| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
authenticated
|
|
| v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的过去式和过去分词 )；鉴定，使生效 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
gratitude
|
|
| adj.感激，感谢 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
benefactors
|
|
| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
compartment
|
|
| n.卧车包房，隔间；分隔的空间 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
moody
|
|
| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
caresses
|
|
| 爱抚，抚摸( caress的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
allayed
|
|
| v.减轻，缓和( allay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
effaced
|
|
| v.擦掉( efface的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；超越；使黯然失色 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
expressive
|
|
| adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
kennel
|
|
| n.狗舍，狗窝 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
docile
|
|
| adj.驯服的，易控制的，容易教的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
knotty
|
|
| adj.有结的，多节的，多瘤的，棘手的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
cane
|
|
| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
withheld
|
|
| withhold过去式及过去分词 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
specimen
|
|
| n.样本，标本 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
habitually
|
|
| ad.习惯地，通常地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
disposition
|
|
| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
prodigious
|
|
| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
bondage
|
|
| n.奴役，束缚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
awaken
|
|
| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
obedience
|
|
| n.服从，顺从 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
soothing
|
|
| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
scrupulously
|
|
| adv.一丝不苟地；小心翼翼地，多顾虑地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
hippopotamus
|
|
| n.河马 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
speculation
|
|
| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
slung
|
|
| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
111
awakened
|
|
| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
hoist
|
|
| n.升高，起重机，推动；v.升起，升高，举起 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
irritation
|
|
| n.激怒，恼怒，生气 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
anecdote
|
|
| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
plaintive
|
|
| adj.可怜的，伤心的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
emancipated
|
|
| adj.被解放的，不受约束的v.解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚）( emancipate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
condescended
|
|
| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
versatile
|
|
| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
fidelity
|
|
| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
ominous
|
|
| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
121
Christian
|
|
| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
122
profane
|
|
| adj.亵神的，亵渎的；vt.亵渎，玷污 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
123
reprehension
|
|
| n.非难，指责 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
124
trumpet
|
|
| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
125
triumphant
|
|
| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
126
malevolence
|
|
| n.恶意，狠毒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
127
arena
|
|
| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
128
slaughtered
|
|
| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
129
wholesale
|
|
| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
130
corroborated
|
|
| v.证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）( corroborate的过去式 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
131
slain
|
|
| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
132
dedication
|
|
| n.奉献，献身，致力，题献，献辞 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
133
massacre
|
|
| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
134
leopards
|
|
| n.豹( leopard的名词复数 )；本性难移 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
135
risky
|
|
| adj.有风险的，冒险的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
136
ordeal
|
|
| n.苦难经历，（尤指对品格、耐力的）严峻考验 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
137
guilt
|
|
| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
138
innocence
|
|
| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
139
infested
|
|
| adj.为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v.害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词 )；遍布于 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
140
decided
|
|
| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
141
rendering
|
|
| n.表现，描写 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
142
bracelets
|
|
| n.手镯，臂镯( bracelet的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
143
adoration
|
|
| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
144
tempting
|
|
| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
145
seaport
|
|
| n.海港，港口，港市 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
146
devoured
|
|
| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
147
homage
|
|
| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
148
missionaries
|
|
| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
149
corroborative
|
|
| adj.确证（性）的，确凿的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
150
procure
|
|
| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
151
pointed
|
|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
152
stump
|
|
| n.残株，烟蒂，讲演台；v.砍断，蹒跚而走 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
153
piety
|
|
| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
154
reptiles
|
|
| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
155
transformation
|
|
| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
156
pandemonium
|
|
| n.喧嚣，大混乱 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |