Which men (for being poor) are sent to starve in;—
Rude remedy, I trow, for sore disease.
Doth Hope's fair torch expire, and at the snuff,
Ere yet 'tis quite extinct, rude, wild, and wayward,
The desperate revelries of fell Despair,
That the poor Captive would have died ere practised,
The Prison.—Act I. Scene III.
TRAVERSING the streets, without having in view any particular object, other than the observance of Real Life in London, such as might occur from fortuitous incident; our two perambulators skirted the Metropolis5 one fine morning, till finding themselves in the vicinity of Tothill-fields Bridewell, a place of confinement6 to which the Magistrates8 of Westminster provisionally commit those who are supposed to be guilty of crimes. Ingress was without much difficulty obtained, and the two friends proceeded to a survey of human nature in its most degraded state, where, amidst the consciousness of infamy9 and the miseries10 of privation, apathy11 seemed the predominant feeling with these outcasts of society, and reflection on the past, or anticipation12 of the future, was absorbed in the vacuum of insensibility. Reckless of his destiny, here the manacled felon13 wore, with his gyves, the semblance14 of the most perfect indifference15; and the seriousness of useful retrospection was lost in the levity16 of frivolous17 amusement. Apart from the other prisoners was seated a recluse18, whose appearance excited the attention of the two visitants; a deep cloud of dejection overshadowed his features, and he seemed studiously to keep aloof19 from the obstreperous20 revelry of his fellow-captives. There was in his manner a something inducing a feeling of commiseration21 which could not be extended to his callous22 [21] companions in adversity. His decayed habiliment indicated, from its formation and texture23, that he had seen better days, and his voluntary seclusion24 confirmed the idea that he had not been accustomed to his present humiliating intercourse25. His intenseness of thought precluded26 the knowledge of approximation on his privacy, until our two friends stood before him; he immediately rose, made his obeisance30, and was about to retire, when Mr. Dashall, with his characteristic benevolence31, begged the favour of a few moments conversation.
“I am gratified,” he observed, “in perceiving one exception to the general torpitude of feeling which seems to pervade32 this place; and I trust that your case of distress33 is not of a nature to preclude27 the influence of hope in sustaining your mind against the pressure of despondency.”
“The cause of my confinement,” answered the prisoner, “is originally that of debt, although perverted34 into crime by an unprincipled, relentless35 creditor36. Destined37 to the misery38 of losing a beloved wife and child, and subsequently assailed39 by the minor40 calamity41 of pecuniary42 embarrassment43, I inevitably44 contracted a few weeks arrears45 of rent to the rigid46 occupant of the house wherein I held my humble47 apartment, when, returned one night to my cheerless domicil, my irascible landlord, in the plenitude of ignorance and malevolence48, gave me in charge of a sapient49 guardian50 of the night, who, without any enquiry into the nature of my offence, conducted me to the watch-house, where I was presently confronted with my creditor, who accused me of the heinous51 crime of getting into his debt. The constable52 very properly refused to take cognizance of a charge so ridiculous; but unluckily observing, that had I been brought there on complaint of an assault, he would in that case have felt warranted in my detention53, my persecutor54 seized on the idea with avidity, and made a declaration to that effect, although evidently no such thought had in the first instance occurred to him, well knowing the accusation55 to be grossly unfounded. This happened on a Saturday night, and I remained in duresse and without sustenance56 until the following Monday, when I was held before a Magistrate7; the alleged57 assault was positively58 sworn to, and, maugre my statement of the suspicious, inconsistent conduct of my prosecutor59, I was immured60 in the lock-up house for the remainder of the day, on the affidavit61 of [22] perjury62, and in the evening placed under the friendly care of the Governor of Tothill-fields Bridewell, to abide63 the issue at the next Westminster sessions.”
“This is a most extraordinary affair,” said the Squire64; “and what do you conjecture65 may be the result?”
“The pertinacity66 of my respectable prosecutor,” said the Captive, “might probably induce him to procure67 the aid of some of his conscientious68 Israelitish brethren, whom 1 never saw, towards substantiating69 the aforesaid assault, by manfully swearing to the fact; but as I have no desire of exhibiting myself through the streets, linked to a chain of felons70 on our way to the Sessions House, I believe I shall contrive71 to pay the debt due to the perjured72 scoundrel, which will ensure my enlargement, and let the devil in due season take his own!”
“May we enquire73,” said Dashall, “without the imputation75 of impertinent inquisitiveness76, what has been the nature of your pursuits in life?”
“Multitudinous,” replied the other; “my life has been so replete77 with adventure and adversity in all its varieties, and in its future prospects78 so unpropitious of happiness, that existence has long ceased to be desirable; and had I not possessed79 a more than common portion of philosophic80 resignation, I must have yielded to despair; but,
“Thirty years ago I came to London, buoyant of youth and hope, to realize a competency, although I knew not by what means the grand object was to be attained82; yet it occurred to me that I might be equally successful with others of my country, who, unaided by recommendation and ungifted with the means of speculation83, had accumulated fortunes in this fruitful Metropolis, and of whom, fifteen years ago, one eminently84 fortunate adventurer from the north filled the civic85 chair with commensurate political zeal86 and ability.
“Some are born great; others achieve greatness, And some have greatness thrust upon them!”
“Well, Sir, what can be said of it? I was without the pale of fortune, although several of my school-mates, who had established themselves in London, acquired, by dint87 of perseverance88, parsimony89 and servility, affluent90 [23]circumstances; convinced, however, that I was not destined to acquire wealth and honour, and being unsolaced even with the necessaries of life, I abandoned in London all hope of success, and emigrated to Ireland, where I held for several years the situation of clerk to a respectable Justice of the Quorum91. In this situation I lived well, and the perquisites92 of office, which were regularly productive on the return of every fair and market day, for taking examinations of the peace, and filling up warrants of apprehension93 against the perpetrators of broken heads and bloody94 noses, consoled me in my voluntary exile from Real Life in London. I was in all respects regarded as one of the family; had a horse at my command, visited in friendly intimacy95 the neighbouring gentry96; and, above all, enjoyed the eccentricities97 of the lower Irish; most particularly so when before his honour, detailing, to his great annoyance98, a story of an hour long about a tester (sixpence), and if he grew impatient, attributing it to some secret prejudice which he entertained against them.{1}
1 Their method is to get a story completely by heart, and to
tell it, as they call it, out of the face, that is, from the
beginning to the end without interruption.
“Well, my good friend, I have seen you lounging about these
three hours in the yard, what is your business?”
“Plase your honour, it is what I want to speak one word to
your honour.”
“Speak then, but be quick. What is the matter?”
“The matter, plase your honour, is nothing at all at all,
only just about the grazing of a horse, plase your honour,
that this man here sold me at the fair of Gurtishannon last
Shrove fair, which lay down three times with myself, plase
your honour, and kilt me; not to be telling your honour of
how, no later back than yesterday night, he lay down in the
it was God's mercy he did not fall a-top of them, or into
the fire to burn himself. So, plase your honour, to-day I
took him back to this man, which owned him, and after a
him for; but he won't pay the grazing of the horse for the
time I had him, though he promised to pay the grazing in
case the horse didn't answer; and he never did a day's work,
good or bad, plase your honour, all the time he was with me,
and I had the doctor to him five times, any how. And so,
plase your honour, it is what I expect your honour will
stand my friend, for I'd sooner come to your honour for
justice than to any other in all Ireland. And so I brought
him here before your honour, and expect your honour will
make him pay me the grazing, or tell me, can I process him
for it at the next assizes, plase your honour?”
The defendant now, turning a quid of tobacco with his
defence with
“Plase your honour, under favour, and saving your honour's
presence, there's not a word of truth in all this man has
been saying from beginning to end, upon my conscience, and I
would not for the value of the horse itself, grazing and
all, be after telling your honour a lie. For, plase your
honour, I have a dependance upon your honour that you'll do
me justice, and not be listening to him or the like of him.
Plase your honour, it is what he has brought me before your
honour, because he had a spite against me about some oats I
sold your honour, which he was jealous of, and a shawl his
wife got at my shister's shop there without, and never paid
for, so I offered to set the shawl against the grazing, and
give him a receipt in full of all demands, but he wouldn't,
out of spite, plase your honour; so he brought me before
your honour, expecting your honour was mad with me for
cutting down the tree in the horse park, which was none of
my doing, plase your honour;—ill luck to them that went
honour is plasing, I'll tell you the whole truth about the
horse that he swopped against my mare, out of the face:—
Last Shrove fair I met this man, Jemmy Duffy, plase your
honour, just at the corner of the road where the bridge is
broke down, that your honour is to have the present for this
year—long life to you for it! And he was at that time
coming from the fair of Gurtishannon, and 1 the same way:
?How are you, Jemmy?' says I. 'Very well, I thank you,
Bryan,' says he: 'shall we turn back to Paddy Salmon's, and
take a naggin of whiskey to our better acquaintance?' 'I
don't care if I did, Jemmy,' says I, 'only it is what I
can't take the whiskey, because I'm under an oath against it
for a month.' Ever since, plase your honour, the day your
honour met me on the road, and observed to me I could hardly
stand, I had taken so much—though upon my conscience your
honour wronged me greatly that same time—ill luck to them
that belied me behind my back to your honour! Well, plase
your honour, as I was telling you, as he was taking the
whiskey, and we talking of one thing or t'other, he makes me
an offer to swop his mare that he couldn't sell at the fair
of Gurtishannou, because nobody would be troubled with the
beast, plase your honour, against my horse; and to oblige
him I took the mare—sorrow take her, and him along with
her! She kicked me a new car, that was worth three pounds
ten, to tatters, the first time I ever put her into it, and
I expect your honour will make him pay me the price of the
car, any how, before I pay the grazing, which I have no
right to pay at all at all, only to oblige him. But I leave
it all to your honour; and the whole grazing he ought to be
charging for the beast is but two and eight pence halfpenny,
any how, plase your honour. So I'll abide by what your
honour says, good or bad; I'll leave it all to your honour.”
leave all the trouble to your honour.
[25]But this pleasant life was not decreed much longer to endure, the insurrection broke out, during which an incident occurred that had nearly terminated all my then cares in this life, past, present, and to come.
“In my capacity as clerk or secretary, I had written one morning for the worthy105 magistrate, two letters, both containing remittances106, the one 150L. and the other 100L. in bank of Ireland bills. We were situated107 at the distance of fifteen miles from the nearest market town, and as the times were perilous108 and my employer unwilling109 to entrust110 property to the precarious111 conveyance112 of subordinate agency, he requested that I would take a morning ride, and with my own hands deliver these letters at the post-office. Accordingly I set out, and had arrived to within three miles of my destination, when my further progress was opposed by two men in green uniform, who, with supported arms and fixed113 bayonets, were pacing the road to and fro as sentinels, in a very steady and soldier-like manner. On the challenge of one of these fellows, with arms at port demanding the countersign114, I answered that I had none to give, that I was travelling on lawful115 business to the next town, and required to know by what authority he stopt me on the King's highway, “By the powers,” he exclaimed, “this is my authority then,” and immediately brought his musket116 to the charge against the chest of my horse. I now learnt that the town had been taken possession of that morning by a division of the army of the people, for so the insurgents117 had styled themselves. “You may turn your nag103 homewards if you choose,” said the sentry119; “but if you persist in going into the town, I must pass you, by the different out-posts, to the officer on duty.” The business in which I was engaged not admitting of delay, I preferred advancing, and was ushered120, ultimately, to the notice of the captain of the guard, who very kindly121 informed me, that his general would certainly order me to be hanged as a spy, unless I could exhibit good proof of the contrary. With this comfortable assurance, I was forthwith introduced into the presence of the rebel general. He was a portly good-looking man, apparently123 about the age of forty, not more; wore a green uniform, with gold embroidery124, and was engaged in signing dispatches, which his secretary successively sealed and superscribed; his staff were in attendance, and a provost-marshal in waiting to perform the office of summary execution on those to whom the general might attach suspicion. The insurgent118 leader [26]now enquiring125, with much austerity, my name, profession, from whence I came, the object of my coming, and lastly, whether or not I was previously126 aware of the town being in possession of the army of the people, I answered these interrogatories by propounding127 the question, who the gentleman was to whom I had the honour of addressing myself, and under what authority I was considered amenable128 to his inquisition. “Answer my enquiries, Sir,” he replied, “without the impertinency of idle circumlocution129, otherwise I shall consider you as a spy, and my provost-marshal shall instantly perform on your person the duties of his office!” I now resorted to my letters; I had no other alternative between existence and annihilation. Explaining, therefore, who I was, and by whom employed, “These letters,” I added, “are each in my hand-writing, and both contain remittances; I came to this town for the sole purpose of putting them into the post-office, and I was not aware, until informed by your scouts130, that the place was in the occupation of an enemy.” He deigned131 not a reply farther than pointing to one of the letters, and demanding to know the amount of the bill which it enveloped132; I answered, “One hundred and fifty pounds.” He immediately broke the seal, examined the bill, and found that it was correct. “Now, Sir,” he continued, “sit down, and write from my dictation.” He dictated133 from the letter which he had opened, and when I had finished the copy, compared it next with the original characters, expressed his satisfaction at their identity, and returning the letters, licensed134 my departure, when and to where I list, observing, that I was fortunate in having had with me those testimonials of business, “Otherwise,” said he, “your appearance, under circumstances of suspicion, might have led to a fatal result.”—“You may be assured, gentlemen,” continued the narrator, “that I did not prolong my stay in the town beyond the shortest requisite135 period; two mounted dragoons, by order of their general, escorted me past the outposts, and I reached home in safety. These occurrences took place on a Saturday. The triumph of the insurgent troops was of short duration; they were attacked that same night by the King's forces, discomfited136, and their daring chieftain taken prisoner. On the Monday following his head, stuck upon a pike, surmounted137 the market-house of Belfast. The scenes of anarchy138 and desperation in which that [27] unfortunate country became now involved, rendered it no very desirable residence. I therefore procured139 a passport, bid adieu to the Emerald Isle140, Erin ma vorneen slan leet go bragh! and once more returned to London, to experience a renewal141 of that misfortune by which I have, with little interval142, been hitherto accompanied, during the whole period of my eventful life.”
The two strangers had listened to the narrative143 with mingled144 sensations of compassion145 and surprise, the one feeling excited by the peculiarity146, the other by the pertinacity of his misfortunes, when their cogitations were interrupted by a dissonant147 clamour amongst the prisoners, who, it appeared, had united in enmity against an unlucky individual, whom they were dragging towards the discipline of the pump with all the eagerness of inflexible148 vengeance149.
On enquiry into the origin of this uproar150, it was ascertained152 that one of the prisoners under a charge of slight assault, had been visited by this fellow, who, affecting to commiserate153 his situation, proposed to arrange matters with his prosecutor for his immediate28 release, with other offers of gratuitous154 assistance. This pretended friend was recognised by one of the prisoners as a kidnapper155.
A kidnapper, or crimp, is one of those fellows of abandoned principles, who enter into the pay of the East India Company in order to recruit their army, and when a guinea or two is advertised to be given to any person that brings a proper man of five feet eight or nine inches high, lie in wait to entrap156 men for the money. Some of these gentry assume the character of officers, others of Serjeants, drummers, and recruits, without the least shadow of commission among them. They have many ways of inveigling157 the artless and unthinking. One or two of these kidnappers158, dressed as countrymen, go five or six miles out of town to meet the waggons159 and stages, and enquire if John Such-a-one is come up, which is answered in the negative, no such person being known; they then enter into discourse160 with the countrymen, and being perfectly161 complaisant162, engage attention, and by the time they get to London, learn their occupations and business to town; whether they are in search of places, trades, or intend to return home again, which intelligence they in general profit by. Coming to the place of rendezvous163, the [28] kidnappers propose a pint164 of porter, which being agreed on, they enter the house where their companions are in waiting, enjoy themselves over flowing bowls, and exhilirating their spirits with loyal toasts and songs, begin their business by enquiring who is willing to serve His Majesty165. The countryman, if inclined thereto, is generally deceived; if his desire is for the guards, or any other particular regiment166, there are at hand mock Serjeants and privates, who will swear they belong to the corps167, and the dupe is trepanned for the East Indies, hurried on board a ship, or kept in some dismal168 place of security till a sufficient number is collected, and an opportunity serves to send them away.
On the other hand, should the countryman be averse169 to enlisting170, and talk of going away, these crimps will swear that he has received a shilling or more of the bounty-money, insisting that they saw him put the money into such and such a pocket; it is in vain that the countryman denies having received it, search is made, money found, and he is compelled to submit or pay the smart.
Others again, of these prowlers, frequent the places of confinement, and learning the particular case of some prisoner for small debt or slight assault, kindly otter171 to mediate29 with the prosecutor or creditor in effecting liberation. The pretended friend assumes the most disinterested172 feeling of sympathy, ingratiates himself into confidence, and generally terminates his machinations with success; accomplishes the prisoner's release, and sends him ultimately from temporary duresse to perpetual exile.
Such was the character of the fellow now placed in the ominous173 guidance of an exasperated174 multitude; they urged him forward to the place of punishment; but the tumultuary assemblage were disappointed in their anticipated vengeance, by the interposition of the turnkeys, and the pretended friend escaped the meditated175 castigation176.
“Observe, again,” said the narrator, “that dashing young fellow, arrayed in the first style of dandyism.”
“My good fellow,” interrupted Bob, “he is not, I should think, one of the community; he has, apparently, the manners of the well bred and accomplished177 gentleman.” “And for that very reason, Sir, is the better qualified178 to [29] carry on his profession with impunity179; he whom you dignify180 with the appellation181 of a well bred and accomplished gentleman, is all that you have expressed of him, with the exception of one word, that is, substitute for gentleman, swindler, and the character is justly delineated. This fellow, of desperate enterprize, is one of the numerous practitioners182 of knavery183, who set themselves up for men of property and integrity, the more easily to defraud184 the unwary and ignorant out of their substance and effects. This Spark, connecting himself with several others of similar pursuit, they took a genteel house in a respectable part of the town, and dividing themselves into classes of masters, clerks, out-riders, shopmen, porters, and servants, and thus making a show of opulence185, they easily obtained credit, and laid in goods of every kind, which they sent into the country and sold, or bartered186 for other commodities; these commodities they brought up to London, and sold for ready money, generally taking in exchange double the quantity, and paying for the same with notes of their own drawing, indorsing, and fabricating, for the purpose of cheating the poor deluded187 farmer, shopkeeper, and tradesman in the interior of the country. With respect to tradesmen in town, the goods they took of them on trust they disposed of to Jews, and other receivers of stolen goods, at about thirty per cent under value, for ready money, nay190, forty per cent rather than not have the cash; and as their stay in one place could not safely exceed five months, on account of their creditors191 calling in their debts, and their country notes becoming due, they used to make all possible dispatch to dispose of the various articles, and evacuate192 the premises193 before detection. This done, they played the same game elsewhere, when, Proteus like, they changed shapes, and disguised themselves so as not to be known, and carried on business in another house, but in a different name; the master became the rider, the rider the master, the clerks descended195 to footmen and porters, the footmen to porters and clerks, and so on throughout, until they had drained many parts of the town and country, to the ruin of several worthy and honest families. However, the co-partnership is now dissolved, the establishment is broke up, and the different individuals of this nefarious196 gang of depredators, of whom the well bred and accomplished gentleman, the subject of our remarks, is one of the principals, are consigned197 to [30] different gaols198 for further examination and final commitment.”
Dashall expressed thanks for the interesting communication, and the Squire his astonishment199 that the credulity of man could warrant the hope of success to such a combination, however systematically200 arranged; and where so many were concerned (and the distribution of plunder201 perhaps by no means equalized,) that some dissatisfied individual did not renounce202 the dangerous connection in the hope of impunity and reward.
“We know not that there is any subordinate division of spoil,” said the other; “but if such there be, it may in this union of interests be the maxim203 as with other co-partnership concerns, that he, by whatsoever204 means, who contributes the most to the general stock, shall participate the most in the general benefit.
“Swindlers have other means of cheating and tricking the public, such as answering the advertisements of tradesmen who are in want of a sum to make good a payment, and offering, in consideration of a small premium205, to get them the money required, on their note of hand, which they premise194 must be first given, and the money will be immediately advanced; the necessitated206 person agrees to the terms, and unthinkingly gives his note, which one of the Swindlers carries away, with a promise of a speedy return with the money wanted, but neither Swindler nor note is forthcoming until it becomes due, after having passed through many different hands, some of whom can ascertain151 giving a valuable consideration for the same, and fix the drawer to the payment, whose consolation207 for his credulity is, paying the money or going to prison.
“In case of a stagnation208 of trade, the Swindlers advertise themselves to borrow or lend upon good security. If they borrow, they have sham209 deeds, and make false conveyance of estates in nubibus, nobody knows where; if they lend, they artfully inveigle210 the borrower out of his security, which they take up money upon and convert to their own use, without the deluded person's knowledge; and by absconding211, leave him to the mortification212 of descanting on their roguery, and his own want of foresight213.”
[31] The triumvirate were once more interrupted; a newcomer had arrived, and the prisoners hailed his initiation214 with the first stanza215 of an old song:—
To this poor, but merry place,
Where no Bailiff, Dun, nor Setter,{1}
But, kind Sir, as you're a stranger,
Else your coat will be in danger,—
You must either strip or pay!”
1 Setters—This appellation is applicable to others than
those-alluded to in the above stanza, as connected with Duns
capable of committing any villany, as well by trepanning a
rich heir into matrimony with a cast-off mistress or common
prostitute, as by coupling a young heiress with a notorious
houses, and furniture, the property of another, and not of
yourself.
The novitiate, neither surprised at his reception, nor adverse225 to the custom of the place, seemed quite at home, paid his garnish without hesitation226, and entered at once into the vacuum of indifference with his new associates.
The attention of Dashall and Tallyho was attracted by the clank of fetters227, as one of the prisoners squatted228 himself on the pavement of the yard. Leaning his back against the wall, he commenced darning an old stocking, chanting at same time an old song from the Beggar's Opera, as if predicting his own fate, yet with a manner indicating the most callous indifference—
“Since laws were made for every degree,
I wonder we ha'n't better company
Upon Tyburn tree.——
But gold from law can take out the sting,
And if rich men like us were to swing,
?Twould thin the land, such numbers would string
Upon Tyburn tree.——
The irreclaimable depravity of this man could not excite any urgent feeling of sympathy in his behalf, and our two friends took no further notice of him.
[32] Their Intelligencer, who in the meanwhile had gone forth122 for information, now advancing,—“I thought,” said he, “that I had seen elsewhere this Johnny Newcome; he is a sharper, another precious addition to our respectable community."{1}
“Respectable, indeed,” exclaimed Tallyho, as he detected an urchin231 thief in the act of picking his pocket of his handkerchief. This hopeful imp74, though young in years, was experienced in iniquity232, had served an active apprenticeship233 to the art of picking pockets with impunity,
1 The Sharper, who has generally had a genteel education, is
a person of good address and conversation, has more the
of address and other requisites236 to complete the pretended
gentleman, and therefore should be more carefully avoided.
and sharpers, (who having eased them of their money, in
return complete them for the profession by which they have
been ruined) set up for themselves, throw aside honour and
conscience, and quote the lex talionis for deceiving others,
as they themselves have been deceived. These gentry are to
be met with at horse-races, cock-fights, the billiard and
hazard tables, and at all public places of diversion. On
Sharper views you with attention, and is not long before he
becomes acquainted and very intimate with you; if you agree
to his proposal to play, if he cannot beat you by fair, he
attention, and raise your passion sufficiently242 to put you
off your guard, while he plays his underhand game, and
cheats you before your face; and though you are sensible of
being cheated, yet you shall not be able to discover by what
means it is effected. The various methods sharpers have to
cheat and deceive are so many and unaccountable, that it
would exceed the limits of our publication to detail even
the tenth-part of them; their study is to supply their
exigencies243 by means within their power, however wicked or
villanous. If you associate with sharpers, you must not only
expect, but deserve to be cheated by them for your
thieves, but in expectation of being robbed? Or, who would
their company, take no notice of their tricks, nor be caught
any of their enticements, if you would preserve your peace
and property; be not fond of making new acquaintance with
persons you do not know, however genteel in appearance and
modern fine gentle-man; and if any stranger asks you to play
with him for money, set him down in your mind as a Sharper,”
and leave the room immediately.
[33]and at last became so great an adept251 in the profession, that at the early age of thirteen years he was unanimously elected captain of an organized band of juvenile252 depredators, some much younger, none older than himself, who for a considerable length of time set at defiance253 the vigilance of the police. These young fry carried on a long protracted254 successful war of extermination255 against ladies' reticules. One urchin, watching her approach, would lay himself across the path she must pass, and it frequently happened that she tumbled over him; a grab was then made at the reticule, the watch, and the shawl, with which the young villains generally got clear off. Others, in detachments of two or three, would hover256 about the door or window of a tradesman's shop, cut out a pane257 of glass, and abstract some valuable trinket; or watch the retirement258 of the shopkeeper into his back-room, when one of the most enterprizing would enter on hands and knees, crawl round the counter with the stillness of death, draw out the till with its contents, and bear off the spoil with impunity. One night, however, luckily for the public, the whole gang was made prisoners of, and dispersed259 to various gaols, each delinquent260 being ordered a severe flogging and solitary261 confinement. Availing himself of this indulgence, the Captain had watched the opportunity of approximating towards Tallyho, and was detected, as we said before, in the exercise of his former propensities262; so difficult it is to eradicate263 vice from the human mind, even though in this instance so early implanted. Lenity in this case would have been equally misplaced as unjust, although the Squire humanely264 pressed his intercession; the incorrigible265 pilferer266 was therefore handed over to the custody267 of one of the turnkeys, until the Governor might award a punishment suitable to the heinousness268 of the offence.
The two friends had been here above an hour—it was an hour they thought not idly spent. And now leaving a small donation for distribution amongst such as appeared deserving objects, they returned home gratified by the additional knowledge acquired of Real Life in London.
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1
stifled
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| （使）窒息， （使）窒闷( stifle的过去式和过去分词 )； 镇压，遏制； 堵 | |
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kindling
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| n. 点火, 可燃物 动词kindle的现在分词形式 | |
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bondage
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| n.奴役，束缚 | |
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den
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| n.兽穴；秘密地方；安静的小房间，私室 | |
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metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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7
magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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8
magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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9
infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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10
miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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11
apathy
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| n.漠不关心，无动于衷；冷淡 | |
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12
anticipation
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| n.预期，预料，期望 | |
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13
felon
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| n.重罪犯；adj.残忍的 | |
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14
semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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15
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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16
levity
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| n.轻率，轻浮，不稳定，多变 | |
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17
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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18
recluse
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| n.隐居者 | |
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19
aloof
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| adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的 | |
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20
obstreperous
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| adj.喧闹的，不守秩序的 | |
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21
commiseration
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| n.怜悯，同情 | |
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22
callous
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| adj.无情的，冷淡的，硬结的，起老茧的 | |
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23
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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24
seclusion
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| n.隐遁，隔离 | |
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25
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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26
precluded
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| v.阻止( preclude的过去式和过去分词 )；排除；妨碍；使…行不通 | |
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27
preclude
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| vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍 | |
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28
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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29
mediate
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| vi.调解，斡旋；vt.经调解解决；经斡旋促成 | |
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30
obeisance
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| n.鞠躬，敬礼 | |
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31
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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32
pervade
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| v.弥漫，遍及，充满，渗透，漫延 | |
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33
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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34
perverted
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| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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35
relentless
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|
| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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36
creditor
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| n.债仅人，债主，贷方 | |
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37
destined
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|
| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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38
misery
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|
| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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39
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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40
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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41
calamity
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|
| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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42
pecuniary
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|
| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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43
embarrassment
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|
| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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44
inevitably
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|
| adv.不可避免地；必然发生地 | |
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45
arrears
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| n.到期未付之债，拖欠的款项；待做的工作 | |
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46
rigid
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|
| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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47
humble
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|
| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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48
malevolence
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| n.恶意，狠毒 | |
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49
sapient
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| adj.有见识的，有智慧的 | |
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50
guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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51
heinous
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| adj.可憎的，十恶不赦的 | |
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52
constable
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| n.(英国)警察，警官 | |
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53
detention
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| n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下 | |
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54
persecutor
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| n. 迫害者 | |
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55
accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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56
sustenance
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| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
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57
alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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58
positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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59
prosecutor
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| n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 | |
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60
immured
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| v.禁闭，监禁( immure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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61
affidavit
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| n.宣誓书 | |
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62
perjury
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| n.伪证；伪证罪 | |
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63
abide
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|
| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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64
squire
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|
| n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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65
conjecture
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|
| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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66
pertinacity
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|
| n.执拗，顽固 | |
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67
procure
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|
| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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68
conscientious
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|
| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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69
substantiating
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| v.用事实支持（某主张、说法等），证明，证实( substantiate的现在分词 ) | |
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70
felons
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|
| n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 )；瘭疽；甲沟炎；指头脓炎 | |
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71
contrive
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|
| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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72
perjured
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|
| adj.伪证的，犯伪证罪的v.发假誓，作伪证( perjure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
enquire
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|
| v.打听，询问；调查，查问 | |
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74
imp
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| n.顽童 | |
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75
imputation
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|
| n.归罪，责难 | |
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76
inquisitiveness
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|
| 好奇，求知欲 | |
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77
replete
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|
| adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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78
prospects
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|
| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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79
possessed
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|
| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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80
philosophic
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|
| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
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81
sneaks
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|
| abbr.sneakers (tennis shoes) 胶底运动鞋（网球鞋）v.潜行( sneak的第三人称单数 )；偷偷溜走；（儿童向成人）打小报告；告状 | |
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82
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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83
speculation
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|
| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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84
eminently
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|
| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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85
civic
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|
| adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的 | |
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86
zeal
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|
| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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87
dint
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| n.由于，靠；凹坑 | |
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88
perseverance
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|
| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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89
parsimony
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|
| n.过度节俭，吝啬 | |
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90
affluent
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|
| adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的 | |
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91
quorum
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| n.法定人数 | |
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92
perquisites
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|
| n.（工资以外的）财务补贴( perquisite的名词复数 )；额外收入；（随职位而得到的）好处；利益 | |
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93
apprehension
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|
| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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94
bloody
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|
| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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95
intimacy
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|
| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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96
gentry
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|
| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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97
eccentricities
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|
| n.古怪行为( eccentricity的名词复数 )；反常；怪癖 | |
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98
annoyance
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|
| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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99
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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100
mare
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| n.母马，母驴 | |
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101
cavern
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|
| n.洞穴，大山洞 | |
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102
belied
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|
| v.掩饰( belie的过去式和过去分词 )；证明（或显示）…为虚假；辜负；就…扯谎 | |
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103
nag
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|
| v.(对…)不停地唠叨；n.爱唠叨的人 | |
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104
literally
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|
| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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105
worthy
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|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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106
remittances
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|
| n.汇寄( remittance的名词复数 )；汇款，汇款额 | |
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107
situated
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|
| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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108
perilous
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|
| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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109
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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110
entrust
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| v.信赖，信托，交托 | |
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111
precarious
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|
| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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112
conveyance
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|
| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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113
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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114
countersign
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| v.副署，会签 | |
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115
lawful
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|
| adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的 | |
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116
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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117
insurgents
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|
| n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 ) | |
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118
insurgent
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|
| adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子 | |
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119
sentry
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| n.哨兵，警卫 | |
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120
ushered
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| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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121
kindly
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|
| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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122
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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123
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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124
embroidery
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| n.绣花，刺绣；绣制品 | |
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125
enquiring
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|
| a.爱打听的，显得好奇的 | |
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126
previously
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|
| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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127
propounding
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| v.提出（问题、计划等）供考虑[讨论]，提议( propound的现在分词 ) | |
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128
amenable
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| adj.经得起检验的；顺从的；对负有义务的 | |
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129
circumlocution
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| n. 绕圈子的话，迂回累赘的陈述 | |
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130
scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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131
deigned
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|
| v.屈尊，俯就( deign的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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132
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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133
dictated
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|
| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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134
licensed
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| adj.得到许可的v.许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词) | |
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135
requisite
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|
| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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136
discomfited
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|
| v.使为难( discomfit的过去式和过去分词)；使狼狈；使挫折；挫败 | |
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137
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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138
anarchy
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| n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序 | |
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139
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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140
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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141
renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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142
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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143
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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144
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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145
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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146
peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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147
dissonant
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| adj.不和谐的；不悦耳的 | |
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148
inflexible
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| adj.不可改变的，不受影响的，不屈服的 | |
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149
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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150
uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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151
ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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152
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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153
commiserate
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| v.怜悯，同情 | |
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154
gratuitous
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| adj.无偿的，免费的；无缘无故的，不必要的 | |
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155
kidnapper
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| n.绑架者，拐骗者 | |
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156
entrap
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| v.以网或陷阱捕捉，使陷入圈套 | |
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157
inveigling
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| v.诱骗，引诱( inveigle的现在分词 ) | |
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158
kidnappers
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| n.拐子，绑匪( kidnapper的名词复数 ) | |
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159
waggons
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| 四轮的运货马车( waggon的名词复数 )； 铁路货车； 小手推车 | |
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160
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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161
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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162
complaisant
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| adj.顺从的，讨好的 | |
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163
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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164
pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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165
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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166
regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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167
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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168
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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169
averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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170
enlisting
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| v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的现在分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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171
otter
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| n.水獭 | |
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172
disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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173
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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174
exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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175
meditated
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| 深思，沉思，冥想( meditate的过去式和过去分词 )； 内心策划，考虑 | |
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176
castigation
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| n.申斥，强烈反对 | |
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177
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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178
qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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179
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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180
dignify
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| vt.使有尊严；使崇高；给增光 | |
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181
appellation
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| n.名称，称呼 | |
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182
practitioners
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| n.习艺者，实习者( practitioner的名词复数 )；从业者（尤指医师） | |
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183
knavery
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| n.恶行，欺诈的行为 | |
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184
defraud
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| vt.欺骗，欺诈 | |
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185
opulence
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| n.财富，富裕 | |
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186
bartered
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| v.作物物交换，以货换货( barter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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187
deluded
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| v.欺骗，哄骗( delude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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188
delude
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| vt.欺骗；哄骗 | |
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189
elude
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| v.躲避，困惑 | |
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190
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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191
creditors
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| n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 ) | |
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192
evacuate
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| v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便 | |
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193
premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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194
premise
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| n.前提；v.提论，预述 | |
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195
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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196
nefarious
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| adj.恶毒的，极坏的 | |
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197
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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198
gaols
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| 监狱，拘留所( gaol的名词复数 ) | |
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199
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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200
systematically
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| adv.有系统地 | |
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201
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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202
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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203
maxim
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| n.格言，箴言 | |
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204
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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205
premium
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| n.加付款；赠品；adj.高级的；售价高的 | |
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206
necessitated
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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207
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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208
stagnation
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| n. 停滞 | |
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209
sham
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| n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的) | |
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210
inveigle
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| v.诱骗 | |
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211
absconding
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| v.（尤指逃避逮捕）潜逃，逃跑( abscond的现在分词 ) | |
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212
mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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213
foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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214
initiation
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| n.开始 | |
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215
stanza
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| n.（诗）节，段 | |
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216
debtor
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| n.借方，债务人 | |
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217
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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218
garnish
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| n.装饰，添饰，配菜 | |
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219
wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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220
debtors
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| n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 ) | |
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221
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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222
smitten
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| 猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去分词 ) | |
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223
conjugal
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| adj.婚姻的，婚姻性的 | |
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224
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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225
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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226
hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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227
fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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228
squatted
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| v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的过去式和过去分词 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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229
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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230
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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231
urchin
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| n.顽童；海胆 | |
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232
iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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233
apprenticeship
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| n.学徒身份；学徒期 | |
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234
delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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235
devoid
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| adj.全无的，缺乏的 | |
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236
requisites
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| n.必要的事物( requisite的名词复数 ) | |
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237
villains
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| n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼 | |
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238
villain
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| n.反派演员，反面人物；恶棍；问题的起因 | |
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239
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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240
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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241
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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242
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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243
exigencies
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| n.急切需要 | |
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244
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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245
shun
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| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
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246
reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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247
fraught
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| adj.充满…的，伴有(危险等)的；忧虑的 | |
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248
guile
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| n.诈术 | |
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249
wheedling
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| v.骗取（某物），哄骗（某人干某事）( wheedle的现在分词 ) | |
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250
lurks
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| n.潜在，潜伏；（lurk的复数形式）vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的第三人称单数形式） | |
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251
adept
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| adj.老练的，精通的 | |
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252
juvenile
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| n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的 | |
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253
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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254
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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255
extermination
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| n.消灭，根绝 | |
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256
hover
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| vi.翱翔，盘旋；徘徊；彷徨，犹豫 | |
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257
pane
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| n.窗格玻璃，长方块 | |
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258
retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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259
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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260
delinquent
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| adj.犯法的，有过失的；n.违法者 | |
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261
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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262
propensities
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| n.倾向，习性( propensity的名词复数 ) | |
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263
eradicate
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| v.根除，消灭，杜绝 | |
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264
humanely
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| adv.仁慈地；人道地；富人情地；慈悲地 | |
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265
incorrigible
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| adj.难以纠正的，屡教不改的 | |
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266
pilferer
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| n.小偷 | |
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267
custody
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| n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留 | |
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268
heinousness
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