Where rise, o'er forms now mould'ring into dust,
The “storied urn” and “animated West.”—
“Deaf the prais'd ear, and mute the tuneful tongue,”
Lo! kings and subjects levelled in the tomb!
IN a perambulation westward15, our friends shortly reached the precinct of Westminster Abbey, or the collegiate Church of Saint Peter; the most ancient religious structure in the metropolis16.
Divested17 of fabulous18 narration19, its history is briefly20 as follows. Its name is obviously derived21 from its situation, in the west, and from its original destination as the church of a monastery22. It was founded by Sebert, king of the East Saxons; was destroyed afterwards by the Danes; was subsequently re-built by king Edgar in 958; the church was again re-built by Edward the Confessor in 1065; and by Pope Nicholas II. it was constituted a place of inauguration24 of the English Monarchs. Henry III. re-built it from the ground, and Henry VII. added a magnificent chapel25 at the east end of it. The monastery was surrendered by the abbot and monks26 to Henry VIII. who first converted it into a college of secular27 canons, and afterwards into a cathedral, of which the county of Middlesex was the see. His successor, Edward VI. dissolved the see, and restored the college, which was again converted by Mary into an abbey. That institution was dissolved by Elizabeth in 1560; she founded the present establishment, which is a college consisting of a dean, 12 secular canons, and 30 petty canons; to which is attached a school of 40 boys, denominated the Queen's or King's scholars, with a master and usher28; and also twelve alms-men, an organist, and choristers.
Its greatest length is 489 feet; the breadth of the west front 66 feet; the length of the cross aisle29 189 feet; and the height of the roof 92 feet; the west end is adorned30 with two towers, which were built by Sir Christopher Wren32. The nave33 and cross aisles34 are supported by two rows of arches, of Sussex marble, one above the other, each of the pillars of which is a union of one massy round pillar, and tour others of a similar form, but slender. These aisles are lofty, and each of the small pillars being extended from the base to the roof, they produce an idea at once sublime35 and awful. Besides the cross aisle there are two side aisles, which are lower than the nave; and, being in a just proportion, they unite with the other parts of the edifice36 to produce a harmonious37 effect. The choir38, from which there is an ascent39 by several steps to a magnificent altar-piece of white marble, is divided from the western part of the great aisle by two iron gates, and is perhaps the most beautiful choir in Europe: its roof was materially injured by fire, occasioned by the carelessness of the plumbers40 who were repairing it in 1803, but it has since been completely restored, at an expence of upwards41 of ￡4000. In this choir is performed the coronation of the Kings and Queens of England.
The attractive spot at the southern extremity43 of the cross aisle was now entered by the two friends. “This,” said Dashall, “is called Poet's Corner, and never could a place be named with more propriety44.”
Tallyho cast an eye of intense observation on these sacred records of departed excellence46. Here he found the names of Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare, Johnson, Milton, Dryden, Butler, Thomson, Gay, Goldsmith, &c. There also, as though the spot were dedicated47 to genius of the highest rank, are the tombs of Handel and Garrick. The Squire48 in his admiration49 of the British Poets, now gave full scope to the ardency50 of his feelings, and surrounded by the sculptured images of the bards51 of former days, he seemed as if environed by a re-animated constellation52 of genius, and wrapt in the delirium53 of its inspiritive influence.
[84] Westminster Abbey contains a great number of monuments of kings, statesmen, heroes, poets, and persons distinguished54 by genius, learning, and science; but many of these monuments can be regarded as little better than so many disfigurements of the buildings. Some however are to be spoken of with praise, and the best are the productions of Reubilliac and Bacon.
The curiosities of Westminster Abbey consist chiefly of twelve chapels56, the principal of which were visited by Dashall and his cousin; but to the chapel of Henry VII. their chief attention was directed. This chapel is contiguous to the eastern extremity of the church, and opens into it: it is dedicated to the Virgin57 Mary, and is one of the finest specimens58 of Gothic antiquity59 in the world. On its site formerly60 stood a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and also a tavern61, distinguished by the sign of the White Rose: Henry resolving to erect62 a superb mausoleum for himself and his family, pulled down the old chapel and tavern, and on the 11th of February in the year 1503, the first stone of the new structure was laid by Abbot Islip, at the King's command. It cost ￡14,000, an immense sum for that period, particularly considering the rapacious63 temper of the king. The exterior64 of the chapel is distinguished by the richness and variety of its form, occasioned chiefly by 14 towers, elegantly proportioned to the body of the edifice, and projecting in different angles from the outer-most wall: the inside is approached by the area at the back of the chapels of Edward the Confessor and Henry v. The floor of this chapel is elevated above that of the area, and the ascent is by a flight of marble steps: the entrance is ornamented65 with a handsome gothic portico66 of stone, within which are three large gates of gilt67 brass68, of curious open workmanship, every pannel being enriched with a rose and a portcullis alternately. The chapel consists of the nave and two small aisles: the centre is 99 feet in length, 66 in breadth, and 54 in height, terminating at the east in a curve, and having five deep recesses69 of a similar form: the entrance to these recesses is by open arches, and they add greatly to the relief and beauty of the building: it is not improbable that they were originally so many smaller chapels, destined71 to various uses. The side aisles are in a just proportion to the centre, with which they communicate by four arches, turned on gothic pillars; each of them is relieved by four recesses, a window, with minute and curious [85]divisions, running the whole height of each recess70. The upper part of the nave has four windows on each side, and ten in the eastern extremity, five above and five below. The whole of the roof of the chapel, including the side aisles and the curve at the end, is of wrought72 stone, in the gothic style, and of exquisite73 beauty. An altar-tomb erected74 by Henry, at the cost of ￡1000, to receive his last remains75, stands in the centre of the chapel. It is of basaltic stone, ornamented and surrounded with a magnificent railing of gilt brass. This monument was constructed by Peter Torregiano, a Florentine artist, and possesses extraordinary merit. Six devices in bas-relief, and four statues, all of gilt brass, adorn31 the tomb.
In addition to these venerable antiquities76, which all deserve to be seen, a variety of figures in wax, and in cases with glazed77 doors, are shewn as curiosities to the stranger; but they ought to be removed, as disgraceful to the grandeur78 and solemnity of the other parts of the scene, and as a satire79 on the national taste, which can scarcely be excused, when such things are exhibited in a room for children's amusement.
Every lover of the arts must lament80 that this beautiful relic81 of gothic taste is falling rapidly to decay; notwithstanding, within the last twenty-four years, the Dean and Chapter of Westminster have expended82 the sum of ￡28,749 in general repairs of the abbey. Parliament, however, has at last granted the requisite83 aid, and the sum of ￡20,000 has been voted to commence the repairs, which are now going on. It has been estimated that the necessary repairs of Henry the VIIth's chapel will cost about ￡14,800 and the ornamental84 repairs about ￡10,400.
The prospect85 from the western tower of the abbey is more beautiful and picturesque86, though less extensive, than that from St. Paul's. The west end of the town and its environs, the Banquetting-house at Whitehall, St. James's park, the gardens of the Queen's palace, the extremity of Piccadilly and Hyde-park, with the Serpentine87 River, and the distant groves88 of Kensington Gardens, present a varied89 and magnificent view towards the west. On the other hand, the bridges of Westminster, Waterloo, and Blackfriars, with the broad expanse of the Thames, and Somerset-house on its banks, and St. Paul's towering pile, together with the light Gothic steeple of St. Dunstan's in the East, present a most noble and [86] interesting prospect. From this tower the exterior form of St. Paul's, when the sun falls upon it, is distinctly seen, and here its exquisite beauty will be more fully90 comprehended than in any part of the city, for a sufficient area to take in the entire outline is not to be found there.
This prolixity91 of description will not, we presume, be considered by our readers, as a tedious digression from the main subject.—Real Life in London cannot be better elucidated92, than by uniting incident with appropriate anecdote93, and amidst the perambulations of our respectable associates, which led them to the ancient and interesting edifice of Westminster Abbey, it necessarily followed that we should illustrate94 the subject, by a brief, yet accurate and interesting account of the antiquity, et cetera, of the object under consideration.
Having gratified their wishes by a cursory95 inspection96 of what their guides were pleased to denominate “Curiosities,” our two heroes were on the eve of departure from the Abbey, when Bob begged that the guide would repeat the terms of admission to view these repositories of mortality.
“The tombs,” said the conductor, “at the east end of the church, with the chapel of Henry VIIth, the price of admission to view these, sir, is six-pence; the models three-pence; the tombs at the northern part of the cross aisle three-pence; and the west end and tower of the abbey six-pence.”
Tallyho expressed his surprise that the house of God and the depository of the dead, should be so shamefully98 assigned over to the influence of Mammon, and a price of admission as into a place of public amusement, exacted by those to whose mercenary government the ancient structure of Westminster Abbey had devolved. “Was it thus, always,” asked he, “from the time of Henry IIId?” To this enquiry, the guide replied merely by a shrug100 of his shoulders, rather indicative of contempt than otherways, and to a further question of “Who is the receiver general of these exactions, and to what purpose are they applied101?” he preserved a sullen102 taciturnity.
From the south aisle of the abbey there are two entrances into the cloisters103, which are entire, and consist of four arched walks on the sides of an open quadrangle. There are many monuments in these walks, but four of them, beneath which are the remains of four of the abbots [87]of Westminster, at the east end of the south walk, are all which merit particular attention.—
Amongst the ancient records deposited here, the two friends were gratified with a sight of those of the Court of Star-chamber104, and of the original Domesday-book, which is still as legible as the first hour it was written.
Against the south-west part of the west front of the abbey, is the north front of the Jerusalem chamber, remarkable105 for being the place where king Henry IV. breathed his last.{1}
North from the abbey stood the Sanctuary106, the place of refuge allowed in old times, to criminals of a certain description; and, on the south side, was the eleemosynary or almonry, where the alms of the abbot were distributed.—This place is remarkable for being the spot in which the first printing-press ever used in England was set up; and here, in 1474, Caxton printed the Game and Play of Chesse, the first book ever printed in England.—A new Court House is now built on the site of the sanctuary.
Having seen in the Abbey every curiosity of note, its two visitants directed their course into Westminster Hall, the great national seat of justice.—This together with the House of Lords, and the House of Commons, are the remains of the palace of Westminster, built by Edward the Confessor, the situation of which was close to the river Thames, and the stairs leading from it still retain the name of palace stairs. The hall itself is the largest room in Europe, except the theatre at Oxford107, unsupported by columns. It is 275 feet in length, 74 in breadth, and 90 in height, the roof being of oak, of curious gothic architecture. It was originally used as a place of festivity, and Richard IId entertained 10,000 guests within its walls. In this hall Charles I.. was tried and condemned108; and at present it is occasionally fitted up for the trial of peers or of any person impeached109 by the Commons.
Our heroes now relinquishing110 the contemplation of the olden times for the enjoyment111 of the passing scenes of the modern, turned their steps in the direction of Whitehall; passing through which, and facing the Banquetting-House,{2} their observation was attracted to a gentleman on
1 See Shakespeare's Play of Henry IV. Part II.
2 In front of the Banquetting House, on a scaffold, Charles
passed from the Banquetting House to the scaffold through
one of the windows.
[88]horseback, followed by a number of people, by whom he was frequently and warmly cheered; and en passant was recognized with other popular feeling of regard and respect. Dashall stept forward to reconnoitre, and ascertained113 that the favourite was no other than the worthy114 representative of the borough115 of Southwark, Sir Robert Wilson, Knt. lately deprived of his rank as a General, “for,” continued Dashall, “nobody knows what, unless the enormous crime of paying his last tribute of respect to the memory of an “injured Queen;” and endeavouring, in the temperate116 language of remonstrance117, to prevent the effusion of human blood! His character however, is too firmly rooted to sustain injury from the breath of slander118; and the malignity119 of his enemies has recoiled120 on themselves: thanks to a brave, just, and generous people, who are ever prone121 to save whom persecution122 aims to destroy.”
Dashall seemed warm in defending the cause of this gallant123 officer, and the Squire listened with correspondent satisfaction.
“The allied124 Sovereigns,” observed Dashall, “in General Sir Robert Wilson, found all the essential requisites125 of a good soldier: of skill to plan, and of valour to execute. They were chiefly indebted to his judgment126 and intrepidity127 for the victory of Leipsic; to which ample testimony128 was given by the Emperors of Russia and Austria; the latter of whom, during the intensity129 and perils130 of the engagement, he extricated131 from the imminent132 hazard of captivity133. His services have not been of less importance in the armies of his own country, as acknowledged by the Commander in Chief, who has now rewarded him by recommending his dismissal, at the instance, no doubt, of Ministers; anxious by this procedure to annihilate134 his independent feelings, and render them more subservient135 to the doctrine136 of non-resistance and of passive obedience137 to the existing authorities!”{1}
1 This object is already defeated.—Amongst all classes Sir
Robert Wilson's dismissal has excited strong feelings of
to the act, it cannot be called a just one, to degrade an
honourable140 man from his rank, and deprive him of the half
without accusation142, arbitrarily, and on secret and suborned
Wilson's half pay was ￡460 per annum, and the subscriptions146
in indemnification of his loss already exceed ￡10,000.
[89]Pursuing their course along the Strand147, and ruminating148 on the alarming increase of juvenile149 depravity, Tallyho could not avoid remarking on the numerous temptations held out to the vicious and necessitous in this wide-spreading and wealthy metropolis—“For instance,” making a full halt, with his friend, against the spacious150 and unlatticed window of a jeweller's shop, Dashall admitted the truth of his companion's observation. Here on promiscuous151 display were seen most valuable articles of jewelry152, stretching multitudinously from one extremity to the other of the window, consisting of gold and silver watches, elegant and richly wrought seals, musical snuff-boxes, diamond rings, diamond pins, &c. embracing, in vast variety, a property of immense value, divided from the street by “thin and undefended squares of glass only; and that the lure153 might prove still more attractive, each article marked at its price, some 25, some 50, 75, 100, and 200 guineas each! A dash and a grab might secure to the depredator possession of wealth; and while such temptations are held out, the surprise is, not that so many street robberies are, but that a great many more are not committed. The many thousands in London out of employment, and of these perhaps the greatest number unhoused and famishing, would it be much to be wondered at if some of these sons of misery154, goaded155 onwards to crime by the extremity of human suffering, were to attempt the possession of spoil, so carelessly exposed, and apparently156 so easily obtainable?{1}
1 Lord Mansfield once presided as Judge, when an unfortunate
man was tried for stealing an article of jewellery from a
shop-window, exposed by its unguarded state to depredation157,
and more encouraging than otherwise, the hope of success.—
to proceed against the wretched man, even to capital
punishment, Lord Mansfield, indignant at the severity of the
owner of the trinket, and compassionating160 the state of
misery and destitution161, under the influence of which the
poor prisoner at the bar, stimulated162 too by its careless
exposure, had committed the felony, desired the Jury to
value the trinket in question at ten pence.—The prosecutor
started up in surprise, and exclaimed, “Tenpence, my Lord!
why the very fashion of it cost me ten times the sum!” “That
may be,” returned his Lordship, “but we must not hang a man
for fashion's sake!”
[90]"Here conies silly Tom and staggering Bob,” exclaimed a fellow, as he approached towards our pedestrians163. Tallyho had grasped more firmly his oaken sprig, with the intention of trying the crankness of the observer's pericranium, when Dashall perceived that the obnoxious164 remark was directed to a simple looking old man, dejectedly leading a horse “done up,” and apparently destined for the slaughter-house.
“Where now, Tommy,” continued the querist, “with thy decayed bit of blood?”
“Aye, aye,” answered Tommy, despondingly, “even to the naggers,{1}—'tis what we must all come to.”
frequently so extensive as to enable him to employ a vast
purchased by the street venders; these latter form one of
the dogs and cats of the metropolis!
“And so thy master has passed the doom of death against his old servant Bob, on whose back he has been safely borne, in the chase, “many a time and oft,” as the song says, “o'er hedges, gaps, ditches and gates; and fleet of foot as thou wert,” patting the animal with feelings of commiseration176,” and often as thou hast replenished177 thy master's purse, thou art now going to the slaughter-house!”
“Even so—the faithful servant, now no longer useful, is discarded.”
“And put to death!—Why man, thy master is a d——d unfeeling, ungrateful scoundrel, else he would have turned this poor nag165 at large on the green sward, to roam as he list in summer, with a warm stable in winter, and have left him to die the death of nature.”
An assemblage of passengers had now collected round the doom'd horse and his sympathizing friend, whose vehemence178 of expression had attracted much attention. The feelings of his auditory were in full unison179 with his own, and as the throng180 increased, with inquisitive181 curiosity, the advocate in the cause of humanity repeated the following lines:
“And hast thou doom'd my death, sweet master, say,
A little longer let me live, I pray;
A little longer hobble round thy door!”
[91]The spectators were evidently affected183. He next sung the stanza184 of an old song, extemporaneously185 produced (with the exception of the first two lines)
Bow'd down by degrees he draws on to his fate:
His carcase the Naggerman's slaughter-house fill!
Now led to his doom, while with pity we view
Now sells his old servant as food for the hounds.
The Squire having occasion to call at a banker's in Fleet Street, the two friends entered at the moment when a countryman with a most rueful expression of countenance191, stood transfixed to the floor, like the statue of Despair, incapable193 either of speech or motion. After an absorption of mental faculty194 of several minutes duration, he burst out into the incoherent exclamations195 of
“Murrian take un, zay I!—Icod, I'ze in a voine pickle196! I ha brought my pigs to market wi a vengeance197! O luord! O luord! whoa would ha thought en't?”
He then began exercising his feet by stamping each alternately on the floor, with a violence that shook the room to its foundation; and this vehement198 thunder he accompanied by correspondent energy of gesticulation; distorting his visage, and casting about his arms with the action of an infuriated maniac199. The place was thrown into alarm, and business was suspended. Dashall now addressing himself to the presumed lunatic, begged him to compose himself, and endeavour briefly to state what had happened, that if he had sustained an injury, redress200 might be obtained.
After several fruitless attempts at narration, he at length told his story; and that it may lose nothing of its originality201, we shall give it in the first person.
“I'ze cuom zur, frae Zumersetzshire to Lunnon, first time o' my loife, by coach, where it putt en at a pleace called the two Gooses necks, and zo having a cheque on this house for Fifty Pounds, and not knowing the way, I axed a vera civil gentleman whom I met wi' hovering202 about Inn-yard; and telling him my business, Pze go with you, zaid he, vera kindly203, and help thee to take care o! thy money, vor there be a desperate set o' sharp fellows in Lunnon ready to take every advantage of a stranger; [92] and zoa we came along, and just avore we gotten into house here, he said to I, zays he, I'ze take thy money and zee that all's right, vor there be a vast many bad sovereigns about.—Well, zur, zoa he did; and just as I wur looking about, it seems he had taen himself off wi'the money, vor when I looked round he wur no where to be zeen; and zoa zur, I have lost Fifty good Pounds to my sorrow. Who would ha thought it!—I wish the murrian had ha hold on me avore I had come to this wicked world o' Lunnon!”
Here the countryman concluded his narrative204, exciting the amusement of some and the sympathy of others of his auditory.—The banker dispatched one of his clerks with the unlucky wight to one of the Public Offices, for the purpose of describing the depredator, altho' with very small chance of recovering the property.{1}
Eliminating on the folly205 of this credulous206 countryman, our perambulators now proceeded down Fleet Street, where casting a look into Bolt Court—“Here,” said Dashall, “lived and died the colossus of English literature, Doctor Samuel Johnson,{2} a man whose like the world may
frequently are taken by the unwary countryman, for domestics
which they immediately decamp, and by many other artful
manouvres secure their spoil.
2 The most trivial circumstance in the life of a great man,
carries with it a certain somewhat of importance, infinitely211
more agreeable to the generality of readers than the long
details which history usually presents. Amongst the numerous
the least amusing.—When the Doctor first became acquainted
gentlemen, to laugh away an hour at South-wark-fair. At one
of the booths where wild beasts were exhibited to the
wondering crowd, was a very large bear, which the showman
assured them was “cotched” in the undiscovered deserts of
therefore be approached with safety; but to all the company,
except Johnson, was very surly and ill tempered. Of the
philosopher he appeared extremely fond, rubbed against him,
kindness. “How is it, (said one of the company,) that; this
natural cause, replied Mallet: “the bear is a Russian
philosopher, and he knows that Linn?us would have placed him
in the same class with the English moralist. They are two
barbarous animals of one species.”—Johnson disliked Mallet
afterwards, but has gibbeted him in his octavo dictionary,
[93]perhaps never see again; yet with all his vast erudition he had his prejudices and superstitions221; he believed in apparitions222, and he despised all countries save his own.—The Scotch223 and Irish he affected particularly to dislike.—In his poem of “London,” in imitation of Juvenal, he says,—
For who unbrib'd would leave Hibernia's land,
Or change the rocks of Scotland for the Strand?—
There none are swept by sudden death away,
But all whom Hunger spares, with age decay!
But, with all his foibles, (and who is there without human infirmity?) Doctor Samuel Johnson was the most highly talented writer of any age or nation.”
Facing the Obelisk224, “let us stroll down the market,” said Dashall, “considered the cheapest in London.—Flesh, fish and fowl225, fruits, roots and vegetables, are here abundantly attainable226, and at moderate prices.”
Amongst the various venders, our two observers passed on, unmolestedly, excepting the annoyance227 and importunity228 of “What d'ye buy? what d'ye buy, buy, buy?” from” barking butchers, who instinctively229 reiterated230 the phrase as the casual passenger approached, like so many parrots, unconscious of its import being unproductive in effect; for who would be induced to purchase by the clamorous231 invitation universally in use by these vociferous232 butchers of the metropolis?—“My fine fellow,” observed Tallyho to one who annoyed him, “good wine, they say, needs no bush, neither does good meat require a barker.”
“Bad luck to my mother's own daughter, and that is myself, sure,” exclaimed a retail171 venderess of vegetables, to her opponent in trade, “if I wouldn't for the value of a tester, or for the value of nothing at all at all, give you freely just what you ask for my jewel.—Arrah now, is it law that you want of me! Faith and troth then you shall have it, club-law, when and where you plase, my darling!”
“Dirty end,” rejoined the other lady, “to the girl who fear* you!—Here am I, Kate, of the Maclusky's of Ballymena, in the county of Antrim, long life to it! and it would be a hard case, and a shameful97 one to boot, if a well educated northern lass should suffer her own self to be disgraced by a Munster-woman.”
[94] “The devil fly away with Ballymena, and the Macluskys along with it!” retorted the other; “and is it Munster and heddication that you are bothering about? Whillaloe graraachree! my sweet one! and did you begin your larning in Ballymena, and come to finish it in Fleet-market? By my conscience, Kate Maclusky, if you are not very much belied233, you know more than you ought to do.”
“And what would you 'sinuate by that?” demanded Kate;—“What do you ?sinuate by that, Ma'am?—I acknowledge that I'm both a whore and a thief—what then? Bating that I defy you to say, black is the white of my eye!”
Here Mrs. Maclusky with arms a-kimbo, and a visage strongly expressing exasperation234 and defiance235, advanced towards the Munster-woman.
“Let us step aside,” said Dashall, “hostilities are about to commence.”
He was right; a few more irritable236 preliminaries, and the heroines came in contact, in due order of battle.
“Two to one on the Munster-woman.” “Done! Ulster for ever! go it Kate!—handle your dawdles237, my girl;—shiver her ivory;—darken her skylights;—flatten her sneizer;—foul, foul,—ah you Munster b——ch!”
“Fair, fair;—arrah, now for the honor of Munster;—dig away;—mind your hits;—rattle her bread basket;—set her claret-spout238 a-going;—stand firm on your pegs;—what, down!”
Thus ended round the first; the amazons had, in the fray239, reduced each other from the waist upwards to nearly a state of nudity. On either side the partisans240 were numerous, the combatants eager to renew the fight, and the spectators, the majority of whom were of Irish distraction241, anxious for the result, when the officious interposition of official authority, terminated the “tug of war,” and the honor of the two provinces remained undecided.—
“Success to the land that gave Patrick his birth.” Tranquillity243 thus restored, a new scene in the drama of Fleet-market attracted the attention of the two visitants.
A rabbit pole-woman passing through the market, was accosted244 by a lady, who enquiring245 the price of the Rabbits, purchased a couple, in front of the shop of a similar exhibitant.—This was considered by the rabbit-dealers of the market, a gross breach246 of privilege, more particularly as the obnoxious female had presumed to undersell them, even with a superior article. Not willing, however, from [95]prudential reasons, to appear in avowed247 personal hostility248 against the object of their vengeance, and that, too, a woman, who had inadvertently incurred249 the displeasure of their high mightinesses, the subordinate agency of boys was deputed for the purpose of wrecking250 summary retribution; and the juvenile deputation quickly overthrew251 in the apparent wantonness of mischief252, the whole of the poor girl's day-property, and scrambling253 for the spoil, disseminated254 themselves in different directions, leaving not the vestige255 of a rabbit behind!
A torrent256 of tears, feelingly shewed the anguish257 of her mind. She was ruined beyond hope of redemption; the rabbits she had every morning on credit, she plied99 the streets in selling them, through many a wearisome hour in the day, happy if next morning, having realized a very moderate profit by her laborious258 vocation175, she could settle accounts with the wholesale dealer169, and take a fresh cargo259 with which to commence another day's adventure.—But now, wringing260 her hands in an agony of grief, “It is all over with me!” she exclaimed,—” my means of subsistence is gone,—my credit is lost,—and God's will be done,—I must go home and starve!”{1}
market, at the present time, sells on an average 14,000
rabbits weekly. He contracts with the coach masters for the
carriage, and pays them eleven pounds per thousand,
amounting, weekly, to ￡154. The way he disposes of them, is
by employing 150 travelling pole-men and women; in the
morning they are started upon credit, and the next day they
return, bringing back the skins, settle the accounts, and
then take a fresh cargo.
Ever prone to relieve distress262, Dashall and Tallyho sympathized most sincerely with this unfortunate girl; there was an indescribable something of extreme interest about her, which was well calculated to excite a feeling of generous commiseration.
Shall we now say the two philanthropists? for such they proved themselves. Each then, in the same moment, expanded his purse, and together more than compensated263 the delighted and astonished girl for her loss, who, blessing264 her benefactors265, went home rejoicing.
Gaining the extremity of the market, at the bottom of Skinner-street, the two friends rounded the corner, and verged266 towards Ludgate-hill by the Fleet Prison. Here a fresh claim, though of lesser267 magnitude, obtruded268 itself on their benevolence269. “Pity the poor debtors270, having no [96] allowance!” exclaimed an emaciated271 being, gazing with an eye of wistful expectancy272, through the thrice-grated window of a small apartment on a level nearly with the street; “Pity the poor debtors;” The supplicating273 tone of deep distress in which these words were uttered spoke irresistibly274 to the heart, and the blessing of Heaven was once more invoked275 on the donors276.
“And this is the prison,” observed the Squire, “where a presumed scion277 of the Royal branch, a few days ago surrendered to her bail278, as a prisoner for debt.”—“The same,” rejoined his Cousin, “and the Princess is now most unroyally domiciled at a private-house within the rules of the Fleet, on Ludgate-hill.—Sic transit279 gloria mundi!”
“Certainly,” said the Squire, “this London produces extraordinary sights, and not less extraordinary occurrences;—but of all the scenes of Real Life which has hitherto come within the scope of our observation, the most singular is that of the presumed legitimate280 cousin of the King of England, recently in a Spunging-house, and now confined for a debt of a few hundred pounds to the rules of the Fleet."{1}
1 Ci-divant Princess of Cumberland
To the Right Hon. Lord Sidmouth.
My Lord,'—When I reflect on the injuries I have received by
the refusal of your Lordship to forward my claims in a
proper way to his Majesty, I consider it as a duty that I
have been suffered to remain so long neglected and deprived
of the rights, which in common with other younger branches
of my late Royal Uncle, his late Majesty, occurred, I
addressed your Lordship, for his present Majesty's gracious
knowledge. In my letters, repeatedly sent to your Lord-ship,
I assured you for the King's knowledge, that I had but one
anxious desire, which was to act in conformity283 to his
Majesty's Royal will and pleasure, after an audience had
been allowed to shew my papers. If, my Lord, I had been an
my claims, and to have exposed them if unjust or illegal.
But, no! my Lord; every application was treated with cold
parent's marriage and my birth have been verified according
Master Simeon's Office, Court of Chancery,—before Sir
sworn and sent in to your Lordship, yet at this late moment
I find myself neglected and oppressed, and without one
guinea of support from the Government or Royal Family! My
dear late cousin, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, supported and
Royal Highness saw the papers delivered to me by the Earl of
Warwick of my legitimacy291, and there are at least a hundred
papers connected with my parent's affairs and my own; and
General Wetherall, Comptroller to his late Royal Highness,
looked over many such papers, at my residence in his Royal
Master's life-time. The excellent heart of the late Duke of
Kent was of a nature to decide, in all events of life
meeting his eye, with religion and moral justice. Thus has
he loved and cherished me, his cousin, and solemnly bound
himself to see me righted the moment that the death of his
late Majesty authorised my papers meeting the eye of the
nation.
My Lord,—You well know why my claims are neglected—a
and the English nation to give a narrative of facts as they
only child of the late Duke of Cumberland, by Olivia, his
know the great and forbearing conduct of Dr. Wilmot. To him
at one period, the English were indebted for tranquillity;
it can be proved, my Lord. And although my health is similar
to the late injured Queen's (my first cousin,) from having
experienced every deprivation294 and persecution from
interested enemies, yet I religiously trust the time is not
oppression.—I have the honor to be, my Lord,
Your obedient servant,
Olive.
Ludgate-hill, Nov. 6th. 1821.
[97]"Some Kings are not partial to female cousins; and the legitimacy (said Dashall,) of this pretended Princess of Cumberland does not appear sufficiently296 tangible297 to admit of recognition, otherwise, without doubt, she would have been provided for!”
“Her case, however, wears not much the semblance298 of imposition,” said the Squire. “The circumstances which she so minutely states, with reference to living characters, strongly imply that her pretensions299 are not ill-founded.”
They had now reached Ludgate-hill; a crowd was collected opposite the residence of the Princess of Cumberland, when the captive heroine condescended300 to shew herself at the window.—She is of matronly appearance, and was well dressed.—The mobility301 received her with due respect; the lady made her obeisance302, and the assemblage retired303, on terms apparently of reciprocal satisfaction.—
Strolling onwards until they gained the centre of Blackfriars Bridge, the two friends paused in admiration of the interesting scene before them.
Amidst the spires304 and turrets305 of the metropolis, Saint Paul's, close at hand, rose in the proud pre-eminence of stupendous grandeur, like a mighty monarch7 surrounded [98] by tributary306 kings, rendering307 him the homage308 of vassalage309.
—Emerging from the dense310 mass of buildings on the line from the Tower to Westminster Abbey, appeared a continued succession of prominent public edifices311; on the river Thames the scene was diversified312 by numerous wherries, gliding313 pleasurably on the rippling314 wave; some shooting under the arches of the elegant Waterloo, and others under the spacious span of the lofty iron bridge of Southwark,—while on either side the river, Labour was on the alert, and the busy and ceaseless hum of Industry resounded315 far and near.
?Twas low water, and the mud-larks now intent on their several vocations174, engaged the eye of the Squire.—“What are those people about?” he asked, “What are they in search of?”
“These are mud-larks,” answered his friend, “in search of what chance may throw in their way; all's fish that comes to net! You have much to learn yet of Real Life in London, and must prolong your stay accordingly.—Willing to eat the bread of honesty, these poor people are in the daily practice of frequenting the shores of the Thames, to literally316 pick up a living. Nothing comes amiss; all that is portable, however insignificant317 in value, goes into the general repository. The mud-lark returns home, when his labours are ended, sorts the indiscriminate heterogeneous318 “mass of matter,” and disposes of it as well as he can."{1}
1 How many hundreds and thousands, in a metropolis like that
of the British empire, obtain a subsistence, in a way of
which those of its inhabitants who are not compelled to such
midst of a crowded city, man is much more closely cut off
from all assistance on the part of his fellows, and is
ingenuity. Various and singular are the expedients322 practised
by numbers in the British capital. Among these the class of
Mud-larks is not the least extraordinary, that is people,
quest of any article that the water may have left behind in
the mud. To this description of people belonged Peggy Jones,
the well known Mud-lark at Black Friars. She was a woman,
apparently about forty years of age, with red hair; the
particular object of whose researches was the coals which
constant resort was the neighbourhood of Blackfriars, where
she was always to be seen, even before the tide was down,
together from the bottom, the coals which she felt with her
feet. Numbers of passengers who have passed by that quarter,
particularly over Blackfriars Bridge, have often stopped to
occupation apparently so painful and disagreeable. She
strong substance, that folded like a bag all round her, in
which she collected whatever she was so fortunate as to
find. In these strange habiliments, and her legs encrusted
with mud, she traversed the streets of this metropolis.
Sometimes she was industrious330 enough to pick up three, and
at others even four loads a day; and as they consisted
entirely of what are termed round coals, she was never at a
loss for customers, whom she charged at the rate of eight-
was frequently assisted by the coal-heavers, who, when she
happened to approach the lighters, would, as if
undesignedly, kick overboard a large coal, at the same time
bidding her, with apparent surliness, go about her business.
individuals of the lower orders are subject, namely,
to such a degree, that she would tumble about the streets
with her load, to the no small amusement of mischievous335
boys, and others, who, on such occasions, never failed to
carried on her extraordinary calling for many years, but
about the month of February, 1805, she suddenly disappeared
from her usual places of resort, and nobody can tell what is
become of her. A man who has the appearance of a coal-
heaver, has since stepped into her place, and adopted the
profession which she so long followed.
[99] “Thus it is that the Mud-lark earns a precarious338 and scanty339 subsistence, and in many other instances in this metropolis, Ingenuity and Perseverance340 overcome difficulties that in the country would prove insurmountable.”
Retracing341 their steps to Ludgate-hill, the associates passed into the Old Bailey, where the Squire seemed struck with surprise at the simple bill of fare of an eating-house, not inscribed342 on paper and exhibited against the window, but deeply engraven on brass, and conspicuously343 fixed192 by the side of the door, expressed in four syllables344 only, “The boil'd-beef house.”—“Compendious enough,” exclaimed his Cousin. “Multum in parvo,” rejoined the Squire; and immediately walking in, they were ushered345 into a snug346 room partly occupied by guests of apparent respectability, each actively347 employed in the demolition348 of buttock or flank with great seeming satisfaction. The two strangers intimating a desire to follow so laudable an example, the waiter submissively put the question, “Which would you please to have, gentlemen, buttock or flank, or a plate of both?” That the quality of each might be ascertained, plates of both were ordered, and presently brought in, piping hot, and in the first style of culinary perfection.{1}
[100] It was amusing to observe the characteristic features of the different guests.
The young man hurrying over his meal, and frequently casting a look on the dial, indicated a tradesman's book-keeper, desirous of enjoying his pipe and pint349 ere the allotted350 dinner hour expired, when he must return to his desk.
Another, of meagre and cadaverous appearance, had his plate replenished, thrice repeated, and each time dispatched the contents with astonishing celerity. This man without doubt, was either a poet or a bookseller's hack351, who, probably had not for sometime enjoyed the novelty of a dinner, and was thus making atonement to appetite accordingly.
One gentleman fashionably attired352 kept mincing353 his meat, and at long intervals354 supplying masticates355 that seemed not at all alert in the performance of their office.—His attention was given rather to the company than to his plate, and was particularly directed to Dashall and Tallyho, on whom it alternately settled with fixed and favourite regard.—This very polite personage was assiduously eager by every possible courtesy to ingratiate himself into the notice of our two friends; but Dashall was a knowing fish, so the bait wouldn't take; and the Squire happening to ejaculate the word Spunger, the stranger prudently356 took the hint, and withdrew.{2}
quality of its boiled beef;—no other meat is ever drest
here,—Hobson's choice, or none! During that period it has
had several occupants, and each has retired with a very
reputation.
frequent all places of public resort, in order to pick up a
the unwary. Whenever they meet with a countryman, they
weather, and entertaining him with a story of little
invitation to dine or sup with you. They can tell you where
the best entertainment is to be met with; which is the best
hear this sing or that spout; will provide you with the best
seat at the play-house, or keep a place for you in the front
row of the first gallery, should you prefer it to the pit;
price, and explain every thing in the museum as well as the
librarians themselves.—If your inclination366 is for mischief,
he is the only man in the world to assist you; would you
break the lamps, or Mill the Charleys, he will stand by and
cry Bravo! till you are carried to the Watch-house, but will
de reserve. When you are taken, he will negotiate with the
pay smartly, other-wise be detained till Justice opens her
nature of the crime committed; upon which the Spunger says,
that he foresaw and told you the consequences that would
happen if you persevered372, but that you would not listen to
his advice.
[101] Having done satisfactory justice to the buttock and flank, and further refreshed themselves with a draught373 of Whitbread's Entire; our pedestrians, leaving the “Boil'd Beef House,” recommenced their excursion by proceeding374 up the Old Bailey, when Dashall remarking on the number of Eating Houses with which that street abounds375, observed, that it seemed a favorite seat of consolidation376 for the professors of the culinary art, like Cloth-fair for Woollen-drapers, Paternoster-Row for Booksellers, and Clerkenwell for Watch-makers, &c. “This,” said Dashall, “is His Majesty's Gaol377 of Newgate, and from this door ascend378 the numerous victims to the fatal scaffold, in immolation379 to the offended laws of their country. Let us enter this temporary abode380 of crime and wretchedness. It has been much meliorated by the humane381 and indefatigable382 attentions of an excellent lady, Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, and I am desirous of seeing the result of her philanthropic exertions.” The gentlemanly appearance and demeanour of the two strangers facilitated their admission, and they entered the prison preceded by one of the turnkeys, who courteously383 had proffered384 his services in shewing the place, and giving every required information.
Newgate, on the eastern side of the Old Bailey, has been rebuilt, its walls or shell excepted, since it was destroyed by the rioters, in the year 1780. A broad yard divides Newgate from the Sessions House, a very handsome stone and brick building. Another edifice, where that lately stood, commonly called Surgeon's Hall, has been erected; it is arched underneath385, and supported upon pillars, and is used as a place of accommodation for witnesses and other persons, while waiting for the trials during session time.
[102] This prison, until within these few years back, was a place of confinement386 as well for debtors as felons387, but by late arrangements, and the erection of the new gaol in Whitecross-street, Newgate has now become the receptacle of felons only.{1}
1 Newgate has been the scene of two remarkable events, which
frequently serve as eras of reckoning to some of the
furious mob in the evening of Monday the 5th of June, who by
breaking the windows, batter-ing the entrances of the cells
with ladders, found means to enter Mr. Akerman's house,
three hundred prisoners. The next of these events oc-curred
on the 23rd of February, 1807. This was when Haggarty and
Holloway were to suffer for the murder of Mr. Steele on
Houns-low Heath. The populace began to assemble so early as
five o'clock, and to accumulate until eight. (It is supposed
that the concourse of people was greater than at the
execution of Governor Wall.) At eight o'clock the prisoners
off, a most dreadful scene took place. The approaches to the
place were completely blocked up with carts, filled with
spectators, and when some of the crowd began to move away,
the pressure became dreadful. Some fell, and others falling
possession of the crowd, they became desperate, and their
efforts only contributed to increase their danger. As soon
the scene were carried to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Of
these, twenty-seven were dead; and though every effort was
made for their resuscitation395, in not one instance was it
crowned with success. Of forty-two, the whole number, five
were women, and three of them were among the dead. Of the
remaining twenty-four bodies, five were men, and the rest
lads, from twelve to seventeen years of age. Among the dead
men was a pye-man, who was said to have fallen first, and
caused the dreadful catastrophe396. A great number of the
pupils in attendance happened to be collected in St.
Bartholomew's Hospital at the time, and afforded prompt
assistance; and Dr. Powell, and a Surgeon, who were both
upon the spot, directed their humane exertions.
In the Old Bailey stood Sydney-house, known by the white front, and the recess in which it is concealed398; and here Jonathan Wild is said to have lived the greatest part of his time. The north side of Newgate consists of two court-yards, which are far too circumscribed399 for the numerous inhabitants, this prison always exhibiting a multitudinous calendar of human depravity. The men's court is only 49 feet 6 inches, by 31 feet 6, and the women's of the same length, and about half the width. The whole square is entirely surrounded by the wards23, [103] which rise three stories above the pavement. The women's yard is separated from the men's by a wall. In the south and south-east yards, felons for trial are confined, and four other yards are similarly occupied. The yard assigned to female felons is a wretched place, containing three wards, in which are sometimes kept upwards of one hundred women. In the north-east corner, next Newgate-street, is the condemned yard, in which are kept persons under sentence of death. The yards and all the wards are repeatedly lime-washed, and by these and other excellent regulations of the Sheriffs of London, Newgate is changed from a loathsome400 prison, dangerous to the health of the metropolis, to a state which may be quoted as a model for all similar places. Water is plentiful401, ventilators are introduced into every window, and a general system of cleanliness prevails throughout the whole prison. The morals of its inmates402 have been improved, and their condition greatly meliorated by Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, who like her predecessor403 in the exercise of philanthropy, the celebrated404 Howard, delights in reducing the sum of human misery. The feelings of the two visitors having been amply gratified by demonstration406 of the happy result, from superior management, accruing407 to the prisoners, they departed, not forgetting the poor box, put up for general benefit, inviting408 the contributions of charitable strangers.
Continuing their route, our perambulators proceeded down Skinner street into Holborn, and traversed its extended line without any remarkable occurrence, until they reached Broad Street, St. Giles's. “We are now,” said Dashall, “in the Holy Land.”
“Long life to your honors,” exclaimed a ragged professor of mendicity: “give a poor fellow the price of a shake down, and may you never be without the comforts of an upright!”
“What mean you,” asked the Squire, “by a shake down and an upright?”
“Not the worse luck that you don't know that self same thing now; but sure enough a shake-down is a two-penny layer of straw, and saving the tatters on my back, not a covering at all at all; may the son of my father never have a worse birth any how.”
“And an upright?”
[104] “Is it an upright your honor's spaking about?—fait and troth, as to that same, may the devil fly away with Thady O'Flannagan, and that is myself sure, if he knows much about it at all at all, seeing as how he has not rested his old bones on such a thing, arrah, these many long years; but sure enough it is four stumps409, with boards across, a good flock-bed, a blanket below and a sheet above, with a decent coverlet pieced and patched in a hundred places to boot;—may you never want the like of it, any how!”
“Thanks for your good wishes, my friend,” said Dashall; “and this for the information which you have given us.”
“By the powers of good luck!” exclaimed the itinerant philosopher, “a tirteener!—Now an Irishman's blessing upon you for two good-hearted gentlemen; may you live all the days of your lives in peace and prosperity both here and hereafter!”{1}
the streets, trusting for the vegetative existence of the
moment to eleemosynary occurrences, are incalculable.
Amongst these sons and daughters of misery, happy is the one
possesses two-pence, the price of a shake down for the
night, in Rainbridge or Buckeridge-street, St. Giles's!—The
upright is a wretched semblance of a bed, at the rate of
accommodation, must put down a tester. In this way there are
frequently beds to the number of seventy in one house, made
up for nocturnal visitants!
Palestine in London, or the Holy Land, includes that portion of the parish of St. Giles, Bloomsbury, inhabited by the lower Irish, with whom it seems a favorite place of residence. The Squire having expressed to his friend a desire of perambulating these boundaries, they proceeded, by the way of George street, to explore the sanctified labyrinths414, the scenes of diurnal415 clamour, and hebdomadary conflict.
“Arrah now,” exclaimed a voice of maternity416, in the person of a legitimate daughter of Erin,—“Arrah now, you brat405 of the devil's own begetting417, be after bowling418 along to your fader: bad luck to him, and be sure that you bring him home wid you, by the token that the murphies are cracking, the salt-herrings scalding, and the apple-dumplings tumbling about the pot,—d'ye mind me, you tief of the world, tell him that his dinner waits upon him.”—“I'll be after doing that same, moder;” and forth419 from the ground floor of a mean looking house in Buckeridge-street, sprang an urchin420 without hat, shoe or stocking, and the scanty tattered421 habiliment he wore, fluttering in [105]various hues422, like pennants423 in the wind, with such heedless velocity424, urged no doubt by the anticipated delicacies425 of the dinner-pot, that he came in furious, unexpected, and irresistible426 contact with Squire Tallyho, who borne forward by the shock, was precipitated427 into a stagnant428 collection of mud and water, to the total disfigurement of his Boots, which had that morning received the “matchlessly brilliant polish of Warren's inestimable Jet blacking.” Not like many others in London, who will run you down and leave you to your fate, the heir of his fader's whimsicalities stopped short in the inauspicious set-out of his rapid career; and “dirty end,” he exclaimed, “to the scavenger429 that didn't think of the gentleman's boots!” And at the same time the mother of this hopeful representative of the Mac Dermott family, made her appearance with the genuine warmth of Irish hospitality; and inviting the two strangers to walk in, consoled the bespattered Squire with the prospect of speedy and effectual reparation, for “fait and troth, (said she) his dinner is all of a heap in the pot there, praaties, salt-herrings, and apple-dumplings,{1} and that is my husband Thady Mac Dermott, who is neither more nor less than a bricklayer's laborer430, is after amusing himself and obliging his neighbours, at a small outlay431, of a Sunday morning, by claning their boots and shoes; so it is an ill wind that blows nobody good, they say.” The accommodating hostess then producing a bottle of blacking, with the requisite brushing implements432, applied herself assiduously to the operation of claning the Squire's boots, and restored them, in a few minutes, to the splendour of their pristine brilliancy.
Scarcely had this important operation been performed, when entered Thady Mac Dermott and his son, the origin of the accident. “The devil burn your trampers, you imp13 of the Mac Dermotts,” cried the father: “couldn't you run against the gentleman without dirtying his boots? Never mind it at all at all; I'll be after giving you a walloping for it, any how.”
contrasted with that of Irish culinary preparation in the
Holy-land, is surprising. The wife of an Irish laborer who
is desirous of giving her husband a delectable434 meal, and of
various description, bodders not her brain with a diversity
if by enchantment436, potatoes, (without which an Irishman
cannot possibly make a dinner,) salt-herrings, and apple-
dumplings; nor, does this extraordinary union of opposites
affect the appetite of those partaking the oglio.
[106] The first instrument of attack that comes to hand is an Irishman's weapon.—Thady brandished437 in terrorem a red hot poker438, and his son with the agility439 of a cat took sanctuary under the bed, but at the intercession of the Squire was allowed to emerge with impunity440, and admitted to a participation441 of the salt-herrings and apple-dumplings. The two friends declining an invitation to taste of these dainties, now departed, Tallyho not forgetting the “outlay, and the ill-wind that blows nobody good.”
Winding442 the mazes443 of the holy land, which may not unaptly be considered a colony of Irish emigrants444, our perambulators without further occurrence worthy of notice, threaded their way through streets, lanes, and alleys445, until they emerged at the bottom of Tottenham-court Road, close by the extensive brewery446 of Read and Co. Entering the premises447, they were gratified with a view of every thing interesting in the establishment; and the Squire, to whom the spectacle was entirely new, stood wrapt in wonder at the vast magnitude of its immense vats448 and boilers449, containing, as he observed, of the fluid of Sir John Barleycorn, a sufficiency to inundate450 the whole neighbourhood! “Such a circumstance,” said the attendant, “actually occurred a few years ago, when the vat45 burst, and an ocean of beer rushed forth, with such impetuous force as to bear down, in its resistless progress, the side of a house, and fill, to the imminent hazard of drowning the astonished and alarmed occupants, all the cellars in the vicinity."{1}
1 Scarcely any thing contributes so much to characterize the
enterprising spirit of the present age, as the vast scale on
which many branches of manufacture are carried on in this
country. Every one has heard of the celebrated tun of
Heidelberg, but that monument of idle vanity is rivalled by
metropolis.
Having seen all that is remarkable in this spacious concern, the two associates turned into Oxford Street, where their attention was directed to a gay female in an elegant equipage, pair in hand, dashing along, in the manner of royal celerity.
“Observe that lady,” said Dashall, “She is the celebrated Mrs. C*r*y, the favourite sultana of a certain Commander in Chief, and I shall give you her history in a few words.”
[107] “Sutherland, a bombadier at Woolwich, obtained a commission, but was less successful in securing the fidelity217 of his wife, who eloped with an officer to Gibraltar; the produce of this intercourse453 was the amoroso whom we observed en passant; in process of time she married C*r*y, an officer in a veteran battalion454, but shortly afterwards getting tired of the connection, she adopted the laudable example set by her respectable mamma, deserted her husband and came to England, under the protection of a surgeon in the army, whose embraces she relinquished455 for those of her present illustrious possessor. How long she may keep him in captivation, is a surmise456 of rather equivocal import; however ardent457 at present, his attachment458, Mrs. C*r*y must be aware of the versatile459 propensities460 of his R*y*l H*ghn*ss of Y**k, and sans doubt like her predecessor, Mary Ann C***ke, will make the most of a favourable461 opportunity.”
“London exhibits Real Life in all its forms and gradations, from the hireling of royalty462 in a curricle, to the passive spouse463 of all the town, on the pavement; from the splendour of affluence464 to the miseries465 of penury466; even Mendicity itself has its shades of variety, its success being less frequently derived from the acuteness of distress than the caprice of Nature, in having gifted the mendicant467 with some peculiar468 eccentricity469 of person or character, to attract attention and sympathy. He who is without these endowments passes unnoticed; but the diminutive470 and deformed471 creature, seated on a child's cart, who with the help of crutches472 shoves himself along the street, and whose whole height, including his machine, does not exceed two feet; this minikin, ecce homo, is gazed at by the casual passenger as a prodigy473, and seldom fails to benefit by the excitation of curiosity.”—
Approaching the tiny personage alluded474 to,—“Well, Mr. Andrew Whiston,” said Dashall, “what important business brings you so far westward? I thought that your migrations475 from Bankside had never extended beyond the precincts of Temple-bar.”
“I wot weel, your honor, that I have strayed far frae hame, and to little purpose,—better fortune has not lit on me this wearisome day, than meeting wi' your honor, for God bless you many a time has the poor dwarfish476 body tasted your bounty477.”
During this colloquy478, Tallyho gazed on the poor dwarfish body with commiseration, intermixed with no small portion of surprise, at this fresh display of general knowledge by his intelligent and amusing coz, to whom all of interest and curiosity in the metropolis, animate3 and inanimate, seemed perfectly479 familiar.
[108] “And whither away now, Master Whiston; do you mean to look in at the rendezvous480 to night?"{1}
“Faith no, sir,—I got a fright there some few years since, and I shall be very cautious of getting into the like disaster a second time.”
The conversation had so far proceeded, to the entertainment of congregated481 passengers, when the auditory getting rather inconveniently482 numerous, the two friends left each his mite483 of benevolence with Maister Andrew Whiston, gaining home without further incident or interruption.{2}
house in St. Giles's, where, after the labors of the day,
the mendicant fraternity assemble, enjoy the comfort of a
good supper; amongst other items, not unfrequently an
pork-sausages; elect their chairman, and spend the night as
jolly beggars ought to do, in mirth and revelry.
2 Andrew Whiston was born at Dundee in Scotland, February
10th, 1770, and has, during the last twenty-eight years,
resided in London. The person of this man is well known to
the perambulators of the metropolis. He forms altogether a
disgusting little figure, pushing himself about on a small
cart, which moves upon wheels, and wearing an apron to
including his vehicle, does not exceed two feet. To avoid
few pens stuck between his coat and waistcoat, and declares
which he has been brought up. It is not improbable, that by
means of this, and other arts and mysteries which he
exercises, Andrew has been enabled to procure something more
than salt to his porridge. It cannot be supposed that his
person is calculated to excite the tender passion; it must
therefore be to the idea of his having accumulated wealth,
that we are to attribute the following circumstance. A short
time since, Andrew began to think seriously of taking unto
himself a wife, and having looked round among his female
acquaint-ance for a desirable partner, he fixed his choice
on a Mrs. Marshall, the widow of a waterman, who follows the
trade of a retail dealer in fish, at the corner of Spiller's
public-house, on that side of the Surrey Road which he
usually frequents. This fair lady, who might perhaps have
nothing but his deformed person to offer, proved leaping
seriousness of the lover's proposals, and his charmer was
all compliance491 to his wishes, till he had actually sent the
money to pay for publishing the banns at Christ Church, when
the design of so preposterous493 a match.
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awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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mansion
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| n.大厦，大楼；宅第 | |
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animate
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| v.赋于生命，鼓励；adj.有生命的，有生气的 | |
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fretted
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| 焦躁的，附有弦马的，腐蚀的 | |
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dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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6
aspiring
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| adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求 | |
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monarch
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monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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sages
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| n.圣人( sage的名词复数 )；智者；哲人；鼠尾草（可用作调料） | |
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10
bard
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| n.吟游诗人 | |
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consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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impartial
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imp
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| n.顽童 | |
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14
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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15
westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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16
metropolis
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| n.首府；大城市 | |
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17
divested
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| v.剥夺( divest的过去式和过去分词 )；脱去（衣服）；2。从…取去…；1。（给某人）脱衣服 | |
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18
fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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19
narration
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| n.讲述，叙述；故事；记叙体 | |
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20
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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21
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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22
monastery
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| n.修道院，僧院，寺院 | |
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23
wards
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| 区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态 | |
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24
inauguration
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| n.开幕、就职典礼 | |
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25
chapel
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| n.小教堂，殡仪馆 | |
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26
monks
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| n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 ) | |
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27
secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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28
usher
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| n.带位员，招待员；vt.引导，护送；vi.做招待，担任引座员 | |
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29
aisle
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| n.（教堂、教室、戏院等里的）过道，通道 | |
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30
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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31
adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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32
wren
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| n.鹪鹩；英国皇家海军女子服务队成员 | |
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33
nave
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| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
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34
aisles
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| n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊 | |
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35
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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36
edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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37
harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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38
choir
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| n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱 | |
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39
ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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40
plumbers
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| n.管子工，水暖工( plumber的名词复数 )；[美][口]（防止泄密的）堵漏人员 | |
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41
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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42
succinct
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| adj.简明的，简洁的 | |
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43
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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44
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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45
vat
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| n.(=value added tax)增值税，大桶 | |
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46
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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47
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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48
squire
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| n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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49
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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50
ardency
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| n.热心，热烈 | |
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51
bards
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| n.诗人( bard的名词复数 ) | |
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52
constellation
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| n.星座n.灿烂的一群 | |
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53
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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54
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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55
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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56
chapels
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| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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57
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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58
specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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59
antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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60
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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61
tavern
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| n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店 | |
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62
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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63
rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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64
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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65
ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
portico
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| n.柱廊，门廊 | |
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67
gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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68
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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69
recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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70
recess
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| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
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71
destined
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|
| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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72
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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73
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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74
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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75
remains
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|
| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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76
antiquities
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| n.古老( antiquity的名词复数 )；古迹；古人们；古代的风俗习惯 | |
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77
glazed
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|
| adj.光滑的，像玻璃的；上过釉的；呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式)；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神 | |
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78
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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79
satire
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| n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品 | |
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80
lament
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| n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹 | |
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81
relic
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| n.神圣的遗物，遗迹，纪念物 | |
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82
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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83
requisite
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|
| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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84
ornamental
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|
| adj.装饰的；作装饰用的；n.装饰品；观赏植物 | |
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85
prospect
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|
| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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86
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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87
serpentine
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|
| adj.蜿蜒的，弯曲的 | |
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88
groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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89
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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90
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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91
prolixity
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| n.冗长，罗嗦 | |
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92
elucidated
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| v.阐明，解释( elucidate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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93
anecdote
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| n.轶事，趣闻，短故事 | |
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94
illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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95
cursory
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| adj.粗略的；草率的；匆促的 | |
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96
inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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97
shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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98
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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99
plied
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| v.使用（工具）( ply的过去式和过去分词 )；经常供应（食物、饮料）；固定往来；经营生意 | |
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100
shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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101
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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102
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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103
cloisters
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| n.（学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的）走廊( cloister的名词复数 )；回廊；修道院的生活；隐居v.隐退，使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 ) | |
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104
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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105
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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106
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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107
Oxford
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| n.牛津（英国城市） | |
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108
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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109
impeached
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| v.控告（某人）犯罪( impeach的过去式和过去分词 )；弹劾；对（某事物）怀疑；提出异议 | |
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110
relinquishing
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| 交出，让给( relinquish的现在分词 )； 放弃 | |
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111
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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112
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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113
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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114
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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115
borough
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| n.享有自治权的市镇；(英)自治市镇 | |
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116
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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117
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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118
slander
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| n./v.诽谤，污蔑 | |
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119
malignity
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| n.极度的恶意，恶毒；（病的）恶性 | |
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120
recoiled
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| v.畏缩( recoil的过去式和过去分词 )；退缩；报应；返回 | |
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121
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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122
persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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123
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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124
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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125
requisites
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| n.必要的事物( requisite的名词复数 ) | |
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126
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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127
intrepidity
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| n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为 | |
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128
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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129
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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130
perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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131
extricated
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| v.使摆脱困难，脱身( extricate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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132
imminent
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| adj.即将发生的，临近的，逼近的 | |
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133
captivity
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| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
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134
annihilate
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| v.使无效；毁灭；取消 | |
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135
subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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136
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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137
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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138
reprobation
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| n.斥责 | |
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139
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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140
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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141
accrued
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| adj.权责已发生的v.增加( accrue的过去式和过去分词 )；（通过自然增长）产生；获得；（使钱款、债务）积累 | |
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142
accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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143
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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144
futile
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| adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的 | |
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145
malevolence
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| n.恶意，狠毒 | |
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146
subscriptions
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| n.（报刊等的）订阅费( subscription的名词复数 )；捐款；（俱乐部的）会员费；捐助 | |
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147
strand
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| vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地） | |
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148
ruminating
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| v.沉思( ruminate的现在分词 )；反复考虑；反刍；倒嚼 | |
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149
juvenile
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| n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的 | |
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150
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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151
promiscuous
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| adj.杂乱的，随便的 | |
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152
jewelry
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| n.（jewllery）（总称）珠宝 | |
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153
lure
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| n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引 | |
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154
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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155
goaded
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| v.刺激( goad的过去式和过去分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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156
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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157
depredation
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| n.掠夺，蹂躏 | |
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158
prosecutor
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| n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 | |
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159
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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160
compassionating
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| v.同情（compassionate的现在分词形式） | |
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161
destitution
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| n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷 | |
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162
stimulated
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| a.刺激的 | |
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163
pedestrians
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| n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 ) | |
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164
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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165
nag
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| v.(对…)不停地唠叨；n.爱唠叨的人 | |
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166
wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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167
lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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168
dealers
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| n.商人( dealer的名词复数 )；贩毒者；毒品贩子；发牌者 | |
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169
dealer
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| n.商人，贩子 | |
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170
retailers
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| 零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 ) | |
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171
retail
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| v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格 | |
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172
itinerant
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| adj.巡回的；流动的 | |
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173
avocations
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| n.业余爱好，嗜好( avocation的名词复数 )；职业 | |
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174
vocations
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| n.（认为特别适合自己的）职业( vocation的名词复数 )；使命；神召；（认为某种工作或生活方式特别适合自己的）信心 | |
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175
vocation
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| n.职业，行业 | |
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176
commiseration
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| n.怜悯，同情 | |
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177
replenished
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| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 )； 重新装满 | |
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178
vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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179
unison
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| n.步调一致，行动一致 | |
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180
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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181
inquisitive
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| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
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182
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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183
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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184
stanza
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| n.（诗）节，段 | |
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185
extemporaneously
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186
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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187
sluicing
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| v.冲洗( sluice的现在分词 )；（指水）喷涌而出；漂净；给…安装水闸 | |
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188
mishap
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| n.不幸的事，不幸；灾祸 | |
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189
callously
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190
spurning
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| v.一脚踢开，拒绝接受( spurn的现在分词 ) | |
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191
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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192
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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193
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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194
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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195
exclamations
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| n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词 | |
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196
pickle
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| n.腌汁，泡菜；v.腌，泡 | |
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197
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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198
vehement
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| adj.感情强烈的；热烈的；(人)有强烈感情的 | |
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199
maniac
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| n.精神癫狂的人；疯子 | |
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200
redress
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| n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除 | |
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201
originality
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| n.创造力，独创性；新颖 | |
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202
hovering
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| 鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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203
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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204
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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205
folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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206
credulous
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| adj.轻信的，易信的 | |
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207
waggon
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| n.运货马车，运货车；敞篷车箱 | |
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208
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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209
entrusted
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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210
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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211
infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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212
anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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213
mallet
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| n.槌棒 | |
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214
muzzled
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| 给（狗等）戴口套( muzzle的过去式和过去分词 )； 使缄默，钳制…言论 | |
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215
ursine
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| adj.似熊的，熊的 | |
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216
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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217
fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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218
sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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219
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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220
alias
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| n.化名；别名；adv.又名 | |
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221
superstitions
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| 迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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222
apparitions
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| n.特异景象( apparition的名词复数 )；幽灵；鬼；（特异景象等的）出现 | |
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223
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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224
obelisk
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| n.方尖塔 | |
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225
fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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226
attainable
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| a.可达到的，可获得的 | |
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227
annoyance
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| n.恼怒，生气，烦恼 | |
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228
importunity
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| n.硬要，强求 | |
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229
instinctively
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| adv.本能地 | |
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230
reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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231
clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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232
vociferous
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| adj.喧哗的，大叫大嚷的 | |
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233
belied
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| v.掩饰( belie的过去式和过去分词 )；证明（或显示）…为虚假；辜负；就…扯谎 | |
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234
exasperation
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| n.愤慨 | |
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235
defiance
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| n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗 | |
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236
irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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237
dawdles
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| v.混（时间）( dawdle的第三人称单数 ) | |
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238
spout
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| v.喷出，涌出；滔滔不绝地讲；n.喷管；水柱 | |
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239
fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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240
partisans
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| 游击队员( partisan的名词复数 )； 党人； 党羽； 帮伙 | |
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241
distraction
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| n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐 | |
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242
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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243
tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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244
accosted
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| v.走过去跟…讲话( accost的过去式和过去分词 )；跟…搭讪；（乞丐等）上前向…乞讨；（妓女等）勾搭 | |
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245
enquiring
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| a.爱打听的，显得好奇的 | |
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246
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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247
avowed
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| adj.公开声明的，承认的v.公开声明，承认( avow的过去式和过去分词) | |
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248
hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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249
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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250
wrecking
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| 破坏 | |
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251
overthrew
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| overthrow的过去式 | |
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252
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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253
scrambling
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| v.快速爬行( scramble的现在分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞 | |
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254
disseminated
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| 散布，传播( disseminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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255
vestige
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| n.痕迹，遗迹，残余 | |
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256
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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257
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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258
laborious
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| adj.吃力的，努力的，不流畅 | |
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259
cargo
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| n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物 | |
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260
wringing
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| 淋湿的，湿透的 | |
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261
credible
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| adj.可信任的，可靠的 | |
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262
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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263
compensated
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|
| 补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） | |
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264
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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265
benefactors
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| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
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266
verged
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| 接近，逼近（verge的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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267
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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268
obtruded
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| v.强行向前，强行，强迫( obtrude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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269
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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270
debtors
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| n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 ) | |
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271
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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272
expectancy
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| n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额 | |
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273
supplicating
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| v.祈求，哀求，恳求( supplicate的现在分词 ) | |
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274
irresistibly
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| adv.无法抵抗地，不能自持地；极为诱惑人地 | |
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275
invoked
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|
| v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求 | |
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276
donors
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|
| n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者 | |
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277
scion
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|
| n.嫩芽，子孙 | |
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278
bail
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|
| v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人 | |
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279
transit
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|
| n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过 | |
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280
legitimate
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|
| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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281
enquire
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|
| v.打听，询问；调查，查问 | |
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282
demise
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|
| n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让 | |
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283
conformity
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|
| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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284
enquired
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|
| 打听( enquire的过去式和过去分词 )； 询问； 问问题； 查问 | |
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285
apathetic
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|
| adj.冷漠的，无动于衷的 | |
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286
chambers
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|
| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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287
sergeants
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|
| 警官( sergeant的名词复数 )； （美国警察）警佐； （英国警察）巡佐； 陆军（或空军）中士 | |
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288
baker
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|
| n.面包师 | |
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289
affidavits
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|
| n.宣誓书，（经陈述者宣誓在法律上可采作证据的）书面陈述( affidavit的名词复数 ) | |
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290
lamented
|
|
| adj.被哀悼的，令人遗憾的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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291
legitimacy
|
|
| n.合法，正当 | |
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292
mighty
|
|
| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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293
virtuous
|
|
| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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294
deprivation
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|
| n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困 | |
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295
calumny
|
|
| n.诽谤，污蔑，中伤 | |
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296
sufficiently
|
|
| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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297
tangible
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|
| adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的 | |
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298
semblance
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|
| n.外貌，外表 | |
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299
pretensions
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|
| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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300
condescended
|
|
| 屈尊，俯就( condescend的过去式和过去分词 )； 故意表示和蔼可亲 | |
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301
mobility
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|
| n.可动性，变动性，情感不定 | |
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302
obeisance
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|
| n.鞠躬，敬礼 | |
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303
retired
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|
| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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304
spires
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|
| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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305
turrets
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|
| （六角）转台( turret的名词复数 )； （战舰和坦克等上的）转动炮塔； （摄影机等上的）镜头转台； （旧时攻城用的）塔车 | |
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306
tributary
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|
| n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的 | |
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307
rendering
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|
| n.表现，描写 | |
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308
homage
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|
| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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309
vassalage
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|
| n.家臣身份，隶属 | |
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310
dense
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|
| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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311
edifices
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|
| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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312
diversified
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|
| adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域 | |
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313
gliding
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|
| v. 滑翔 adj. 滑动的 | |
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314
rippling
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|
| 起涟漪的，潺潺流水般声音的 | |
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315
resounded
|
|
| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的过去式和过去分词 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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316
literally
|
|
| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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317
insignificant
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|
| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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318
heterogeneous
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|
| adj.庞杂的；异类的 | |
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319
ingenuity
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|
| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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320
entirely
|
|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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321
exertions
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|
| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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322
expedients
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|
| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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323
ebb
|
|
| vi.衰退，减退；n.处于低潮，处于衰退状态 | |
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324
lighters
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|
| n.打火机，点火器( lighter的名词复数 ) | |
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325
wading
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
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326
contemplate
|
|
| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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327
astonishment
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|
| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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328
ragged
|
|
| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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329
apron
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|
| n.围裙；工作裙 | |
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330
industrious
|
|
| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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331
sable
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|
| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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332
exempt
|
|
| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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333
inebriety
|
|
| n.醉，陶醉 | |
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334
propensity
|
|
| n.倾向；习性 | |
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335
mischievous
|
|
| adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的 | |
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336
labors
|
|
| v.努力争取(for)( labor的第三人称单数 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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337
lodging
|
|
| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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338
precarious
|
|
| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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339
scanty
|
|
| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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340
perseverance
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|
| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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341
retracing
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|
| v.折回( retrace的现在分词 )；回忆；回顾；追溯 | |
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342
inscribed
|
|
| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
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343
conspicuously
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|
| ad.明显地，惹人注目地 | |
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344
syllables
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|
| n.音节( syllable的名词复数 ) | |
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345
ushered
|
|
| v.引，领，陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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346
snug
|
|
| adj.温暖舒适的，合身的，安全的；v.使整洁干净，舒适地依靠，紧贴；n.（英）酒吧里的私房 | |
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347
actively
|
|
| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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348
demolition
|
|
| n.破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹 | |
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349
pint
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|
| n.品脱 | |
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350
allotted
|
|
| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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351
hack
|
|
| n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳 | |
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352
attired
|
|
| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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353
mincing
|
|
| adj.矫饰的；v.切碎；切碎 | |
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354
intervals
|
|
| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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355
masticates
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|
| v.咀嚼( masticate的第三人称单数 )；粉碎，磨烂 | |
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356
prudently
|
|
| adv. 谨慎地，慎重地 | |
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357
noted
|
|
| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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358
pristine
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|
| adj.原来的，古时的，原始的，纯净的，无垢的 | |
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359
gentry
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|
| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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360
impudent
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|
| adj.鲁莽的，卑鄙的，厚颜无耻的 | |
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361
prey
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|
| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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362
salute
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|
| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
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363
wheedled
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|
| v.骗取（某物），哄骗（某人干某事）( wheedle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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364
comedian
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|
| n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员 | |
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365
procure
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|
| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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366
inclination
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|
| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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367
acting
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|
| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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368
corps
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|
| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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369
constable
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|
| n.(英国)警察，警官 | |
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370
ransom
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|
| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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371
descry
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|
| v.远远看到；发现；责备 | |
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372
persevered
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|
| v.坚忍，坚持( persevere的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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373
draught
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|
| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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374
proceeding
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|
| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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375
abounds
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|
| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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376
consolidation
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|
| n.合并,巩固 | |
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377
gaol
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|
| n.(jail)监狱；(不加冠词)监禁；vt.使…坐牢 | |
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378
ascend
|
|
| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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379
immolation
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|
| n.牺牲品 | |
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380
abode
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|
| n.住处，住所 | |
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381
humane
|
|
| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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382
indefatigable
|
|
| adj.不知疲倦的，不屈不挠的 | |
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383
courteously
|
|
| adv.有礼貌地，亲切地 | |
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384
proffered
|
|
| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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385
underneath
|
|
| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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386
confinement
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|
| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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387
felons
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|
| n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 )；瘭疽；甲沟炎；指头脓炎 | |
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388
memorable
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|
| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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389
imposing
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|
| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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390
sledge
|
|
| n.雪橇，大锤；v.用雪橇搬运，坐雪橇往 | |
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391
liberated
|
|
| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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392
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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393
trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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394
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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395
resuscitation
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| n.复活 | |
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396
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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397
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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398
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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399
circumscribed
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|
| adj.[医]局限的：受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；划定…范围；限制；限定 | |
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400
loathsome
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| adj.讨厌的，令人厌恶的 | |
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401
plentiful
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| adj.富裕的，丰富的 | |
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402
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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403
predecessor
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| n.前辈，前任 | |
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404
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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405
brat
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| n.孩子；顽童 | |
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406
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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407
accruing
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| v.增加( accrue的现在分词 )；（通过自然增长）产生；获得；（使钱款、债务）积累 | |
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408
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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409
stumps
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| （被砍下的树的）树桩( stump的名词复数 )； 残肢； （板球三柱门的）柱； 残余部分 | |
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410
impoverished
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|
| adj.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的v.使（某人）贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 )；使（某物）贫瘠或恶化 | |
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411
deserted
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|
| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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412
partially
|
|
| adv.部分地，从某些方面讲 | |
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413
aspirant
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|
| n.热望者；adj.渴望的 | |
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414
labyrinths
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|
| 迷宫( labyrinth的名词复数 )； （文字，建筑）错综复杂的 | |
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415
diurnal
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| adj.白天的，每日的 | |
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416
maternity
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|
| n.母性，母道，妇产科病房；adj.孕妇的，母性的 | |
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417
begetting
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|
| v.为…之生父( beget的现在分词 )；产生，引起 | |
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418
bowling
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| n.保龄球运动 | |
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419
forth
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|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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420
urchin
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|
| n.顽童；海胆 | |
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421
tattered
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|
| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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422
hues
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|
| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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423
pennants
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|
| n.校旗( pennant的名词复数 )；锦标旗；长三角旗；信号旗 | |
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424
velocity
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| n.速度，速率 | |
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425
delicacies
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|
| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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426
irresistible
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|
| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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427
precipitated
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|
| v.（突如其来地）使发生( precipitate的过去式和过去分词 )；促成；猛然摔下；使沉淀 | |
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428
stagnant
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|
| adj.不流动的，停滞的，不景气的 | |
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429
scavenger
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| n.以腐尸为食的动物，清扫工 | |
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430
laborer
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|
| n.劳动者，劳工 | |
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431
outlay
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|
| n.费用，经费，支出；v.花费 | |
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432
implements
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| n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效 | |
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433
delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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434
delectable
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|
| adj.使人愉快的；美味的 | |
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435
utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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436
enchantment
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| n.迷惑，妖术，魅力 | |
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437
brandished
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| v.挥舞( brandish的过去式和过去分词 )；炫耀 | |
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438
poker
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| n.扑克；vt.烙制 | |
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439
agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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440
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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441
participation
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|
| n.参与，参加，分享 | |
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442
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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443
mazes
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| 迷宫( maze的名词复数 )； 纷繁复杂的规则； 复杂难懂的细节； 迷宫图 | |
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444
emigrants
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| n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 ) | |
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445
alleys
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| 胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径 | |
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446
brewery
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| n.啤酒厂 | |
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447
premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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448
vats
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| varieties 变化，多样性，种类 | |
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449
boilers
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| 锅炉，烧水器，水壶( boiler的名词复数 ) | |
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450
inundate
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|
| vt.淹没，泛滥，压倒 | |
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451
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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452
breweries
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| 酿造厂，啤酒厂( brewery的名词复数 ) | |
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453
intercourse
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|
| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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454
battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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455
relinquished
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| 交出，让给( relinquish的过去式和过去分词 )； 放弃 | |
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456
surmise
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| v./n.猜想，推测 | |
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457
ardent
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|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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458
attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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459
versatile
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|
| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
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460
propensities
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| n.倾向，习性( propensity的名词复数 ) | |
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461
favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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462
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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463
spouse
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| n.配偶(指夫或妻) | |
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464
affluence
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|
| n.充裕，富足 | |
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465
miseries
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|
| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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466
penury
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| n.贫穷，拮据 | |
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467
mendicant
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|
| n.乞丐；adj.行乞的 | |
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468
peculiar
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|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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469
eccentricity
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|
| n.古怪，反常，怪癖 | |
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470
diminutive
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| adj.小巧可爱的，小的 | |
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471
deformed
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|
| adj.畸形的；变形的；丑的，破相了的 | |
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472
crutches
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|
| n.拐杖, 支柱 v.支撑 | |
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473
prodigy
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| n.惊人的事物，奇迹，神童，天才，预兆 | |
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474
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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475
migrations
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| n.迁移，移居( migration的名词复数 ) | |
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476
dwarfish
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| a.像侏儒的，矮小的 | |
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477
bounty
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|
| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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478
colloquy
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|
| n.谈话，自由讨论 | |
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479
perfectly
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|
| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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480
rendezvous
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|
| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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481
congregated
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| （使）集合，聚集( congregate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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482
inconveniently
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| ad.不方便地 | |
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483
mite
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|
| n.极小的东西；小铜币 | |
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484
recurring
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|
| adj.往复的，再次发生的 | |
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485
garnished
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|
| v.给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰( garnish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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486
vagrancy
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|
| （说话的，思想的）游移不定； 漂泊； 流浪； 离题 | |
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487
dealing
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|
| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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488
possessed
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|
| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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489
hoard
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| n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积 | |
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490
attested
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| adj.经检验证明无病的，经检验证明无菌的v.证明( attest的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；声称…属实；使宣誓 | |
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491
compliance
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| n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从 | |
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492
ridicule
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| v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄 | |
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493
preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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