“Better come and sight it,” said Thane, one morning in the lobby. “I’m worried where to put the nails.”
“We’ll go now,” said John. “Anyhow, I want to[221] talk to you. I don’t know about this Twenty-ninth Street mill. It’s a poor layout. Maybe we’d better shut it up. Now don’t get uneasy. Wait till I’m through. The company—(and, by the way, you are a director and there’s some stock in your name)—it has bought nearly all the nail mills there are. Over a hundred, big and little, all over the place. The idea is to combine the nail industry in one organization and put it back on a paying basis. I want you to go around with me and have a look at mills. Some of them we’ll throw away. The trouble was too many of them.”
He went on talking to take up Thane’s injured silence. That he was a director in the company, that he had stock in it, that his salary was to be doubled,—none of this availed against the puddler5’s pride in what he had done with the Twenty-ninth Street mill. The thought of now shutting it up hurt him in his middle. John on his side was disappointed in Thane’s inability to rise to an opportunity. So they came to the mill.
“Sounds busy,” said John.
Thane held his thoughts.
On beholding6 the scene of action within, almost at a glance, John placed the puddler where he belonged. Here was the work of a master superintendent7. Nothing was as it had been except the engine and furnace. Everything else had been relocated with one aim in view, which was to eliminate all unnecessary human motion and shorten the train of events from the raw material straight through to the finished nail packed in the keg and stored. Besides the physical achievement, which alone was very notable, there was[222] a subtle psychic8 relation between Thane and his men. They worked on their toes and liked doing it for him.
“Shake,” said John, holding out his hand. “No, we won’t shut her up. We’ll take her as a pattern. If you can do this with all the mills we’ll walk away with it. Have you figured your costs? They must be fine.”
“In my head,” said Thane.
“I’ll show you how to figure them,” said John. “Iron, so much; fuel, so much; kegs, so much; oil, and so forth10, so much; wear and tear of tools and plant, so much; labor11, so much; total, so much. Then kegs of nails, so many. Divide that by that and you have the cost per keg. Let’s see how it will work out.”
It worked out nearly as Thane had it in his head and John was sentimental12 with pride and satisfaction.
“Come on,” he said, impatiently. “Leave a man in charge of this, and we’ll see the other mills.”
Starting with more than a hundred mills, they scrapped13 twenty outright14, saving only their contracts, raw material and stock on hand; others they consolidated15. In the end they had fifty well equipped plants strategically placed to supply the trade by the shortest routes. They had all to be overhauled16 according to Thane’s ideas. He turned the Twenty-ninth Street plant into a training station and sent men from there to work the other mills. It was a large and complicated program. He carried it through so skillfully that he was appointed vice-president in charge of manufacturing,[223] and John was free to organize the company’s business and function executively.
He raised the price of nails, first twenty-five cents a keg, then fifty, then seventy-five cents, and stopped. At that price there was a good profit. Thane was steadily17 reducing costs by improving plant practice and that increased profits in another way.
A dividend18 was paid on the preferred stock in the third month. The omens19 were fine. Still, John was uneasy. No New Damascus nails had been received under their contract with Enoch. The making of nails had not stopped at New Damascus. He made sure of that. No New Damascus nails were coming on the market, either, for John knew everything about the trade. Then what was to be expected?
The answer when it came did not surprise him. He had guessed it already.
One day the nail market was knocked in the head. Enoch was offering nails to the hardware trade at a price seventy-five cents lower than the combine’s price. That meant he was selling them for fifty cents a keg less than the combine had agreed to pay him for his whole output. He had never tendered one ten-penny nail on that contract. Instead, working his plant at high speed, he had accumulated thousands of kegs expressly for the irrational20 purpose of casting them suddenly on sale to break the combine’s market—John Breakspeare’s market—Aaron’s market! John was the only person who understood it. Everyone else was dazed.
Slaymaker sent for John.
[224]
“What’s the matter with that man at New Damascus?”
“He’s out of his mind,” said John.
“Better buy him up at his own price,” said Slaymaker. “That’s what he wants.”
John knew better. However, to satisfy Slaymaker, he sent Awns to see Enoch again.
“You’re right,” Awns reported. “The old man is clean crazy. He won’t sell at any price. All he would do was to point to that stipulation21 in the contract and laugh at me.”
The combine stood aside until the trade had absorbed the New Damascus nails and then tried to go on without reducing its own price; but the trade became very ugly about it, the combine began to be denounced, and Congress, hearing from the farmers, threatened to take the import duty off nails and let the foreign product in. The combine had to let down the price and wait.
Three months later the preposterous22 act was repeated, Enoch flooding the market with nails at fifty cents a keg less than the combine’s price. There was no doubt this time that he was selling nails at a ruinous loss, and everyone’s amazement23 grew. Only John knew why he did it.
The combine was now in a very awkward dilemma24. If it met Enoch’s price it not only would be selling its own nails at a loss but selling them at a price far below that at which it was obliged to take Enoch’s entire output in case he should choose to deliver to the combine instead of selling direct to the trade.
[225]
“Whipsawed,” said John to Awns, “if you know what that means.”
For the N. A. M. Co., Ltd. from then on it was a race with bankruptcy25, Gib pursuing. He sold Damascus nails lower and lower until it was thought he would give them away. He might ultimately go broke, of course, but that was nothing the combine could wait for. He was very rich,—nobody knew how rich,—and nail making after all was a small part of his business.
Under these unnatural26 circumstances John won the incognizable Slaymaker’s glassy admiration27, for in trouble he was dogged and enormously resourceful.
“If we’ve got to live on the sweat of our nails,” he said, “we can’t afford to buy iron.”
Thereupon at a bankrupt price he negotiated the purchase of a blast furnace and puddling mill over which two partners were quarrelling in a suicidal manner. No cash was involved. He paid for it with notes. In Thane’s hands, and with luck that was John’s, the plant performed one of those miracles that made Pittsburgh more exciting than a mining camp. It paid for itself the first year out of its own profits. Then John turned it over to the N. A. M. Co., Ltd., at cost. On seeing him do this, Slaymaker, who had never parted with his first stock holdings, privately28 increased them.
There was a profit in ore back of the iron. John went to that. He got hold of a small Mesaba ore body on a royalty29 basis and had then a complete chain from the ore to the finished nail. There was still one profit. That was in the kegs. So cooper shops were added.
What with all this integration30, as the word came to[226] be for that method of working back to one’s raw material and articulating the whole series of profits, and what at the same time with Thane’s skill in manufacture, developing to the point of genius, the N. A. M. Company got the cost of nails down very low,—even lower as John one day discovered than it was in Europe. This gave him an idea. There was no profit in nails at home, owing to Enoch’s mad policy of slaughter31, but there was the whole world to sell nails in. The N. A. M. Co. invaded the export field. This was a shock to the European nail makers32. They met it angrily with reprisals33. John went to Europe with a plan to form an international pool in which the nail business of the earth should be divided up,—allotting so much to Great Britain, so much to Germany, so much to Belgium, so much to the United States, and so on. If they would do that everybody might make a little money.
He returned unexpectedly and appeared one morning in Slaymaker’s office.
“Did you get your pool born?”
“Chucked the idea,” said John. “I found this.”
He laid on the banker’s desk a bright, thin, cylindrical34 object.
“That,” said John, “is a steel wire nail. It will drive the iron nail out. It’s just as good and costs much less to make. You feed steel wire into one end of a machine and nails come out at the other like wheat.”
[227]
“Well?” said the banker.
“The machines both for drawing the wire and making the nails are German,” John continued. “I’ve bought all the American rights on a royalty basis.”
“What will you do with them?”
“I bought them for the N. A. M.,” said John.
“If this is going to be such a God Almighty36 nail why not form a new company to make it?” asked Slaymaker.
“I’d rather pull the horse we’ve got out of the ditch,” said John.
“Go ahead,” he said.
Enter the steel wire nail. It solved the N. A. M. Company’s problem. Enoch could not touch it. The combine steadily reduced its output of iron nails, until it was nominal38, and flooded the trade with the others. Enoch could make any absurd price he liked for iron nails, but as his output, though a formidable bludgeon with which to beat down prices, was only a fraction of what the country required, and as the remainder of the demand was met with the combine’s new product, wire nails superseded39 iron nails four or five kegs to one. They could sell at a higher price than iron nails without prejudice because they were different, and John, putting a selling campaign behind them, proved that they were also better. That probably was not so. But people had to have them.
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laconically
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| adv.简短地，简洁地 | |
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afterward
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| adv.后来；以后 | |
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wilfully
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| adv.任性固执地；蓄意地 | |
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hazardous
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| adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的 | |
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puddler
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| n.捣泥者，搅拌器，混凝器 | |
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beholding
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| v.看，注视( behold的现在分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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superintendent
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| n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长 | |
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psychic
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| n.对超自然力敏感的人；adj.有超自然力的 | |
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greasy
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| adj. 多脂的，油脂的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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scrapped
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| 废弃(scrap的过去式与过去分词)； 打架 | |
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outright
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| adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的 | |
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consolidated
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| a.联合的 | |
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overhauled
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| v.彻底检查( overhaul的过去式和过去分词 )；大修；赶上；超越 | |
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steadily
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| adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地 | |
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dividend
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| n.红利，股息；回报，效益 | |
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omens
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| n.前兆，预兆( omen的名词复数 ) | |
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irrational
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| adj.无理性的，失去理性的 | |
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stipulation
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| n.契约，规定，条文；条款说明 | |
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preposterous
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| adj.荒谬的，可笑的 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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bankruptcy
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| n.破产；无偿付能力 | |
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unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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integration
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| n.一体化，联合，结合 | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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reprisals
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| n.报复（行为）( reprisal的名词复数 ) | |
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cylindrical
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| adj.圆筒形的 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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almighty
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| adj.全能的，万能的；很大的，很强的 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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nominal
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| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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superseded
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| [医]被代替的，废弃的 | |
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