And likewise, a woman expects, consciously or unconsciously, that certain physical characteristics which once indicated, when observed in her father's appearance, power, protection, a gainful occupation, sympathy and understanding, etc., will mean exactly the same thing when she finds them reproduced totally or in part in a male human being of the marriageable age.
The Parent-Child Relationship, involving at first boundless3 devotion on the part of the strong[Pg 224] parent to the helpless nursling, infant and child, and later, complete submission4 of the growing child and adolescent to the older and, supposedly world-wiser, parent, has very little, if anything, in common with the relationship of mate to mate.
Sex plays no conscious part in the parent-child relationship.
It does not tinge5 every action and every thought of the two parties concerned. The secret cravings or the secret repulsion it may awaken6 never distort consciously the judgments7 passed by parents on their children, children on their parents. Of neurotic9 unconscious distortions of judgment8 there is a plenty. Never, however, does the strife10 narrow down to this: "He or she does not satisfy me sexually," "he or she humiliates11 me sexually by being attracted to others," "he or she is an obstacle to my complete sexual gratification with another," etc., sources of open hostility12 of the most painfully conscious kind between mates.
The mother who satisfied our egotism became to us beautiful and perfect. The female who employs the same means our mother did, to win us, but who cannot arouse us sexually, never appears to us very attractive physically13 or mentally.
On the other hand we are apt to disregard, tem[Pg 225]porarily at least, the mental deficiencies of the man or woman who gives us the most complete sexual gratification.
From this it will be easily understood that choosing a mate solely14 on the strength of his or her fetishes, is likely, unless the union be of the most ephemeral kind, to lead to profound disappointment.
It behooves15 us then to determine accurately16 what every fetish means and what sort of personality is actually to be found associated with a certain set of physical characteristics.
For I repeat, a man's or woman's personality is to be studied, not in their attitude to their offspring, (for the most savage17 beast is transformed by the paternal18 or maternal19 instinct into a marvel20 of tenderness, kindness and patience), but in their relation to the social herd21 and to their sexual mate.
Until the study of the ductless glands23 was given the importance we attach to it today, the word personality denoted a set of attitudes which many psychologists considered as mainly voluntary and amenable24 to "moral suasion" and other forms of pedagogical approach of the individual. When we read the works of Freud, Jung, Adler, Ferenczi and their disciples25, we never receive an intimation of[Pg 226] the r?le which the endocrines may play in moulding the human personality.
Modern Endocrinologists on the other hand, seem as indifferent to psychology26 as the psychoanalysts of yesterday were to neurology and endocrinology. Some of them assume that the personality IS the glands and that our glands alone shape our thinking and our actions.
Both views are narrow and unsatisfactory. The personality is made up primarily of an organism which outward influences can or cannot influence easily. Pleasure and pain then shape that organism thru the memories which they leave in it in the form of infinitely27 small modifications28 of our autonomic nervous system. That system, in its turn, develops, thru constant stimulation29, certain glands or allows them to remain undeveloped thru lack of stimulation or thru negative stimulation.
Some of those glands may, thru mere30 accident of growth, have been already overdeveloped or stunted31 at birth. Individuals free from complexes, however, may easily reestablish the balance of cravings and social inhibitions which threatens at times to be upset by an overdeveloped or underdeveloped gland22. Complex-ridden individuals on the other hand, use their glandular32 inferiority unconsciously[Pg 227] as a scapegoat33 for absurd or morbid34 behavior.
Reciprocal Influence. We cannot say, therefore, that our behavior is dictated35 by our glands, but it is influenced by them and reciprocally, our behavior influences our glands. As I said in a previous chapter, hyperthyroidism creates fear, but fear may also create hyperthyroidism. Overdevelopment of the sexual apparatus36 creates a predisposition to sexual overactivity, but sexual thoughts also have a tendency to provoke unusual sexual activity.
There is one thing, however, for which the secretions37 of our ductless glands are mainly responsible, and which is most important to consider in a study of fetishes. They determine the shape, color and consistency38 of many parts of our body, such as complexion39, hair, teeth, skeletal frame and growth.
A glance at a human body enables one to determine as accurately as an autopsy40 would, the size of a person's thyroid, adrenals, etc.
As the development of those glands corresponds to the social and sexual behavior of the individual, a review of the various bodily fetishes from the endocrinological point of view will be helpful to the average reader.
In order not to use too many technical terms we[Pg 228] shall consider only four of the endocrine glands, the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals and the gonads.
The Pituitary Gland is a small body, the size of a pea, located in the Turkish saddle (sella turcica), at the base of the brain and closely behind the root of the nose. Some have called it a brain within the brain with a miniature skull41 of its own within the skull.
The pituitary regulates the rhythms of the body, from the bony growth of the skeleton to the rate of the heart and respiration42, from the periods of sleep and waking time to the periods of menstruation.
If a part of the pituitary of a dog is removed, the animal becomes sleepy, fat, perverse43 in its sex cravings; puppies cease to grow when submitted to such an operation; autopsy of many human dwarfs44 has shown that their pituitary was undeveloped. People whose pituitary is insufficient45 in its action have a tendency to lose their hair, have a very dry skin, a dull mentality46, sometimes suffer from epilepsy and crave47 sugar in large quantities. They are generally obese48, the fat accumulating on the lower abdomen49 and the feet and ankles. Louis Berman in his excellent book on the endocrines "Glands regulating the Personality," presents as a perfect likeness50 of the "hypopituitary type" the Fat Boy of the Pick[Pg 229]wick Papers whose emloyment with Mr. Wardle consisted in alternate sleeping and eating.
I will quote from Berman's book a description of the opposite type, the individual in whom the pituitary gland is too active.
"If the overaction begins in childhood or adolescence51, that is, before puberty, there results a great elongation of the bones, so that a giant is the consequence.... If the overaction happens after puberty, when the long bones have set and can not grow longer, a peculiar52, diffuse53 enlargement of the individual occurs, especially of his hands and feet and head. The nose, ears, lips and eyes get larger and coarser. All those people are rather big and tall to begin with, heavy jawed54, burly, with overhanging eyebrows55 and an aggressive manner. Rabelais' most famous character, Gargantua, belongs to the group. We recruit more drum majors than prime ministers from among those people."
The pituitary has a strong influence on sexual activities. Young animals whose pituitary has been surgically56 damaged will not be able to reproduce themselves when reaching adulthood57. Feeding pituitary glands to hens on the other hand, causes them to lay thirty per cent more eggs than they would naturally.
[Pg 230]
The Thyroid is a transformer of energy. It is a large reddish mass located in front and on both sides of the trachea, consisting of two lobes58 connected by a bridge of the same tissue.
The thyroid activates59 the fires of the body. An active thyroid means life at "concert pitch." A sluggish60 thyroid means a slow, negative existence.
To a poor thyroid correspond a pasty complexion, watery61 eyes with heavy lids, a depressed62 pug nose, large ears, thin hair, scanty63 eyebrows and eyelashes, short, brittle64 nails, irregular, bad teeth, broad, pudgy hands and feet, generally cold.
With an overactive thyroid we observe a high color, sleeplessness65, restlessness, a tendency to lose weight, emotionalism, profuse66 perspiration67, bright, large eyes, good white teeth.
The Adrenal Glands are about the size of a bean and located on top of the kidneys. They secrete68 adrenin which, when poured into the blood, causes muscular tension, accelerates the heart beats and the breathing rate, dilates69 the pupil and produces fear or anger according to the relative size of the core (medulla) or envelop70 (cortex) of the adrenals.
In timid animals (and women) the cortex is thin, in courageous71 animals (and men) the cortex is[Pg 231] rather thick. According to the thickness of your cortex you shall, in an emergency, resort to either fight or flight.
A man with a thin cortex looks feminine, a woman with a thick cortex looks mannish.
The adrenals control the color of the skin, the growth of hair, the size of the canine72 teeth and the color of the teeth. To good adrenals correspond an olive complexion, much hair on the body, rather yellowish teeth and strong canines73. The bearded lady of the circus is a woman with overdeveloped adrenals and a thick cortex.
Weak adrenals go with cold extremities74, a hairless body, poor canines, lack of ambition, discouragement, fatigability, etc.
The Gonads or Sex Glands, testes in man, ovaries in woman, affect thru the secretions of their interstitial cells, the pitch of the voice, the growth of pubic hair, the size of the breasts, the distribution of fat.
Good gonads mean masculine looking men and feminine looking women. Poor gonads mean feminine looking men, hairless and with overdeveloped breasts, talking in a high-pitched voice, with a tendency to obesity75 and laziness (eunuchs); scrawny[Pg 232] looking women who may later in life grow abnormally fat, with, in their youth, flat chests, scanty menstruation, etc.
Healthy gonads also retard76 senility. Gonads whose interstitial cells have been rehabilitated77 by the Steinach operation bring a new youth to the organism, mentally and physically.
Other glands, the thymus, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal body also play an important part in shaping the human body and with it the personality. The limits of this book do not allow me, however, to discuss them even superficially.
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1
portended
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| v.预示( portend的过去式和过去分词 )；预兆；给…以警告；预告 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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tinge
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| vt.(较淡)着色于，染色；使带有…气息；n.淡淡色彩，些微的气息 | |
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awaken
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| vi.醒，觉醒；vt.唤醒，使觉醒，唤起，激起 | |
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judgments
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| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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neurotic
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| adj.神经病的，神经过敏的；n.神经过敏者，神经病患者 | |
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strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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humiliates
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| 使蒙羞，羞辱，使丢脸( humiliate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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hostility
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| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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behooves
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| n.利益，好处( behoof的名词复数 )v.适宜( behoove的第三人称单数 ) | |
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accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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paternal
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| adj.父亲的，像父亲的，父系的，父方的 | |
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maternal
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| adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的 | |
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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21
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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gland
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| n.腺体，(机)密封压盖，填料盖 | |
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glands
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| n.腺( gland的名词复数 ) | |
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amenable
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| adj.经得起检验的；顺从的；对负有义务的 | |
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disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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psychology
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| n.心理，心理学，心理状态 | |
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infinitely
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| adv.无限地，无穷地 | |
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modifications
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| n.缓和( modification的名词复数 )；限制；更改；改变 | |
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stimulation
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| n.刺激，激励，鼓舞 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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stunted
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| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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glandular
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| adj.腺体的 | |
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scapegoat
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| n.替罪的羔羊，替人顶罪者；v.使…成为替罪羊 | |
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morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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secretions
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| n.分泌（物）( secretion的名词复数 ) | |
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38
consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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autopsy
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| n.尸体解剖；尸检 | |
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skull
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| n.头骨；颅骨 | |
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42
respiration
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| n.呼吸作用；一次呼吸；植物光合作用 | |
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43
perverse
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| adj.刚愎的；坚持错误的，行为反常的 | |
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44
dwarfs
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| n.侏儒，矮子（dwarf的复数形式）vt.（使）显得矮小（dwarf的第三人称单数形式） | |
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45
insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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46
mentality
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| n.心理，思想，脑力 | |
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47
crave
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| vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求 | |
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48
obese
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| adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的 | |
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49
abdomen
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| n.腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) | |
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50
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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51
adolescence
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| n.青春期，青少年 | |
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52
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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53
diffuse
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| v.扩散；传播；adj.冗长的；四散的，弥漫的 | |
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54
jawed
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| adj.有颌的有颚的 | |
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55
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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56
surgically
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| adv. 外科手术上, 外科手术一般地 | |
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57
adulthood
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| n.成年，成人期 | |
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58
lobes
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| n.耳垂( lobe的名词复数 )；（器官的）叶；肺叶；脑叶 | |
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59
activates
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| 使活动，起动，触发( activate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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60
sluggish
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| adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的 | |
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61
watery
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| adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的 | |
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62
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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63
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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64
brittle
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| adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的 | |
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65
sleeplessness
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| n.失眠，警觉 | |
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66
profuse
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| adj.很多的，大量的，极其丰富的 | |
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67
perspiration
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| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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68
secrete
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| vt.分泌；隐匿，使隐秘 | |
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69
dilates
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| v.（使某物）扩大，膨胀，张大( dilate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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70
envelop
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| vt.包，封，遮盖；包围 | |
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71
courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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72
canine
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| adj.犬的，犬科的 | |
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canines
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| n.犬齿( canine的名词复数 )；犬牙；犬科动物 | |
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74
extremities
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| n.端点( extremity的名词复数 )；尽头；手和足；极窘迫的境地 | |
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75
obesity
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| n.肥胖，肥大 | |
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76
retard
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| n.阻止，延迟；vt.妨碍，延迟，使减速 | |
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rehabilitated
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| 改造（罪犯等）( rehabilitate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使恢复正常生活； 使恢复原状； 修复 | |
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