The whole earth seems, like a huge chrysalis, to burst forth3 from its uniform-coloured shell, and vie with the butterfly’s wings in beauty and variety of colour. Spring is, of all times of the year, the brightest, and the freshest, and the most beautiful!
“The rose is fairest when ’tis budding new.”
Nor does the change of food come less acceptably than the change of scene. A moderate enjoyment4 of the good things of this world is perfectly5 justifiable6, or our palates would never have been created; and while green hedges and fresh bright flowers delight 105the eye, a new set of dishes, rendered doubly welcome by a year’s abstinence, delight the palate.
Who is there so lost to taste as not to appreciate the first dish of fresh green peas or new potatoes?—genuine healthy-grown ones, not forced, which latter are barely better than those preserved in tins. Then, again, the first piece of bright-red salmon7, when it is well cooked; or the nicely-browned forequarter of lamb, with good wholesome8 English mint sauce with it—i.e. mint moistened in vinegar, and not a pint9 of vinegar to a small pinch of mint.
There is some very old riddle10 about spring being a lamb-on-table season. Whether lamb is really nicer than mutton is a question we will not now discuss; indeed, the question is entirely11 a matter of taste. There are, however, several little niceties in cooking lamb that inexperienced cooks and housekeepers12 should bear in mind. One very common fallacy is that lamb, being young and tender, does not require so much cooking as mutton. Such, however, is not the case. Well-cooked mutton, such as a haunch, should be cooked so as to be not exactly red, but very, very near it, and should hold what is called red gravy13. Those who have seen a good haunch of mutton well carved will know how the gravy will settle in it after several slices have been taken out. I believe, at some regimental messes, many years ago, there used 106to be a fine for carving14 a haunch so that this gravy was allowed to run out.
Now, lamb should be cooked thoroughly15, and should never even border on being red; underdone lamb is as bad as underdone veal16. Of course, lamb bears the same relation to mutton as veal to beef. The climax17 of mismanagement is graphically18 expressed in the pathetic appeal of David Copperfield to his poor little “child-wife” when he said—“You know, my dear, I was made quite unwell the other day by being obliged to eat underdone veal in a hurry.”
Another point to be remembered in connection with lamb is the gravy. A roast forequarter of lamb will not make the gravy that a sirloin of beef or haunch of mutton will.
Now, I daresay there are many persons who really do not know where the gravy comes from that usually surrounds a sirloin of beef; and as these articles are intended to instruct absolute novices20, I will describe the process, reminding those who may think anything so simple unworthy of explanation, that even royalty21 some years back is reported to have puzzled over the intricate problem as to how the apples got into the dumpling.
We will suppose the beef to have been hanging on the spit the sufficient time, and the cook has arrived at the critical moment called dishing-up. Of course, 107under the meat to catch the fat, &c., that drops, have been placed that large tin vessel22 with a well in the centre, called the dripping-pan, which will be found to contain a pint, or a quart, according to the size of the joint23, of melted fat, or, as it is usually called, dripping. The cook takes this dripping-pan, and carefully and slowly pours off all the fat into a basin; at the bottom of the fat will be found a sediment24, brown or red; this is the gravy. Now, the great art is to pour off all the fat, and yet to avoid losing any of the gravy. What is requisite25 is—first, common-sense; secondly26, a little experience and a steady hand.
As a rule, it is best to go on pouring till just a little sediment has run with the fat, and then stop. Next, take some boiling water, about half a pint or a little more, and pour it into the dripping-pan, and stir it about, taking care to scrape those parts where the gravy is dried on and the dripping-pan looks brown; by this means the gravy will not merely look darker, but will be absolutely richer. This must now be poured through a fine strainer over the meat. If the cook sees that the gravy has got a little cold in the operation, of course she would pour it, just as it is, into a saucepan and make it hot, but not let it boil, and then pour it through the strainer over the meat. When the party at dinner is large, and yet the joint put on the table, it is a very good plan to pour only half the 108gravy over at first, and to send up the rest hot about ten minutes afterwards, when it can be poured over in the dining-room.
Now, we have said that lamb does not make good gravy; when, therefore, it is possible, get some thin stock, and use that to pour into the dripping-pan instead of boiling water, only take care that the stock is tasteless—anything like rich gravy would destroy the delicate flavour of the lamb.
It should be borne in mind, too, that lamb is one of the few meats that are none the better for keeping; the quicker it is cooked, the nicer will it be. In hot weather, lamb has an unamiable property of getting high quicker than other meat, especially the shoulder. The reason of this is probably that it is “open,” and not close meat, like a silverside of beef. A loin of mutton that has been jointed28 will get bad quicker than one not jointed.
We next come to the general and nicest accompaniment to roast lamb, and that is, nice fresh young green peas. When we say fresh, we mean lately gathered. Peas that have been picked some time are very inferior in flavour to those recently picked. Shell the peas, throwing them into cold water just like potatoes after being peeled. Next get a large saucepan of boiling water, into which has been placed a table-spoonful of salt, and a very little moist sugar—about 109a salt-spoon is sufficient. Strain the peas, throw them in the boiling water gradually, in order not to take the water off the boil for too long.
The next point to be considered is, why do some people always have peas looking a bright green, and others send them up with a bad colour? The secret of this is, do not cover up the saucepan. Now, as the saucepan is open, if the fire is likewise an open one, it follows that the fire should be pretty clear, or you will run the risk of having the peas smoky. It will, however, generally be found that the fire, after roasting a joint, is tolerably clear at the finish, especially as lamb requires a brisk fire. A few leaves of fresh mint should be boiled with the peas; they should be strained off very quickly, and put into a hot vegetable-dish, as they very soon get cold, and sent up to table very quickly. I recollect29, years ago, that cooks used to put a penny (the old-fashioned copper19 ones) into the saucepan, the copper being supposed to improve the colour; but the use of copper for the purpose of making vegetables green should be avoided. In the case of bright-green pickles30, where the colour has been obtained by this means, the result is that a very injurious if not absolutely poisonous compound has been obtained. Young peas do not require more than a quarter of an hour’s boiling; old peas will take half an hour; and when old, a good-sized pinch of 110carbonate of soda31 may be put with advantage into the water, to render the water as well as the peas softer.
To say that mint sauce requires mint seems somewhat of a truism; but nevertheless this seems the point generally overlooked, especially at hotels, where the habit seems to be to send up mint in the very smallest possible quantity, and vinegar in exactly opposite proportions. Chop up enough fresh mint to half-fill a tea-cup, add about a table-spoonful of moist sugar, about three-parts of a tea-cupful of vinegar, and half a tea-cupful of water. Let the whole stand for a few hours, in order that the flavour of mint may get into the vinegar.
I don’t know why, but servants invariably put too much vinegar; as nothing in the world will cure them, it is one of those things which, if it is possible, the mistress of the house should do herself.
New potatoes differ from old in this important respect: in cooking, the latter require cold water; the former, boiling water. In both cases salt must be put in the water, about a table-spoonful to every two quarts. Like peas, new potatoes are best when fresh from the garden. When really young, the skin will rub off with a cloth. They vary in the time they take to boil from a quarter of an hour to twenty-five minutes; but the best plan is to wait a reasonable time, 111and try one with a fork and see if it is tender, when they should be immediately strained off, as, if they are allowed to boil too long, they will get pappy. Let them dry in the saucepan, and when dry, put them into the vegetable-dish, with either a lump of butter—which will melt, and make them look oily—or a little good melted butter made with milk, into which has been put a little finely-chopped parsley, may be poured over each potato. Perhaps the piece of plain butter is best, however.
There are, especially in early spring, a large quantity of potatoes sold that pretend to be new, but are not. What they are, or where they come from (some say Holland), I don’t know, but they are not worth eating, and it is just as well to know it. If anybody who understands the swindle will explain, I should feel much obliged.
To boil fish such as salmon is really very easy, but requires care. The fish must be placed in cold water, to which plenty of salt has been added—about six table-spoonfuls to every gallon of water, or nearly a pound of salt. Take care, also, that the water covers the fish, and that the latter is thoroughly clean. Rub the spine32, which is apt to contain little clots33 of blood, with a lump of salt. Salmon always tastes best when boiled whole. When the water boils, take care to remove all the scum that will rise to the surface. As 112to the time it will take to boil, no time can be given, as this depends more upon the thickness of the fish than the mere27 weight in pounds. In carving a salmon, be sure to cut it always parallel to the spine, and not transversely.
The best sauce with salmon is undoubtedly34 lobster35 sauce, the best method of making which I have already described. I would remind you, however, again, that the sauce should look red, owing to the coral having been pounded with some butter and mixed in; also, all the shells and little claws should be broken up and boiled in the milk that will be used for the sauce, in order that the melted butter may be thoroughly impregnated with the flavour of the lobster. In making shrimp36 sauce, the same theory should be borne in mind. Boil the shrimps37’ heads, in order that the flavour of the shrimp may be extracted, only, before using this milk to make into melted butter, taste, and see that it is not too salt, as salt is often thrown over shrimps. The melted butter, into which a little lobster-coral should have been melted to make a nice colour, should then be poured on to the picked shrimps placed in the hot tureen; but shrimps had better not be boiled after being picked.
When salmon first comes in, it is best to have it boiled; but a very nice way of cooking salmon is to grill38 it—i.e., do it on the gridiron just like a steak. 113Of course, the salmon for this purpose must be cut in slices. Great care should be taken that the gridiron is perfectly clean. The slice of salmon can be placed on the gridiron just as it is, but if the fire is nice and clear it will be better to wrap each slice in oiled paper; by this means the flavour of the salmon is kept in. Of course, the cooking must be carefully watched, or the paper will very likely catch fire. The best sauce with grilled39 salmon is tartare sauce, which may briefly40 be described as follows:—First make some mayonnaise sauce as thick as butter in summer-time, add to it about a tea-spoonful of finely-chopped parsley, chopped on a chopping-board previously41 rubbed over with a shallot; mix this in with a good-sized tea-spoonful of French mustard flavoured with tarragon. The mayonnaise sauce is supposed to contain sufficient vinegar or dilute42 acetic43 acid. Grilled salmon is more suitable for three or four persons than for a large party, as few fires are capable of cooking more than two slices at a time, and one slice is only sufficient for two persons.
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1
lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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5
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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justifiable
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| adj.有理由的，无可非议的 | |
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salmon
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| n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的 | |
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wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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9
pint
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| n.品脱 | |
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10
riddle
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| n.谜，谜语，粗筛；vt.解谜，给…出谜，筛，检查，鉴定，非难，充满于；vi.出谜 | |
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11
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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12
housekeepers
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| n.（女）管家( housekeeper的名词复数 ) | |
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13
gravy
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| n.肉汁；轻易得来的钱，外快 | |
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14
carving
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| n.雕刻品，雕花 | |
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15
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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16
veal
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| n.小牛肉 | |
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climax
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| n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点 | |
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18
graphically
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| adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地 | |
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19
copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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20
novices
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| n.新手( novice的名词复数 )；初学修士（或修女）；（修会等的）初学生；尚未赢过大赛的赛马 | |
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21
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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24
sediment
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| n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物) | |
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25
requisite
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| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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27
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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28
jointed
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| 有接缝的 | |
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29
recollect
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| v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得 | |
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30
pickles
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| n.腌菜( pickle的名词复数 )；处于困境；遇到麻烦；菜酱 | |
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soda
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| n.苏打水；汽水 | |
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32
spine
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| n.脊柱，脊椎；(动植物的)刺；书脊 | |
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33
clots
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| n.凝块( clot的名词复数 )；血块；蠢人；傻瓜v.凝固( clot的第三人称单数 ) | |
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undoubtedly
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| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
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35
lobster
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| n.龙虾，龙虾肉 | |
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36
shrimp
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| n.虾，小虾；矮小的人 | |
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shrimps
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| n.虾，小虾( shrimp的名词复数 )；矮小的人 | |
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38
grill
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| n.烤架，铁格子，烤肉；v.烧，烤，严加盘问 | |
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grilled
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| adj. 烤的, 炙过的, 有格子的 动词grill的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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40
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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41
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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42
dilute
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| vt.稀释，冲淡；adj.稀释的，冲淡的 | |
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43
acetic
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| adj.酸的 | |
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