Their peculiar1 Charms and Terrors—Disappointments and Difficulties of the Botanist2—The Bush-ropes—Variety of Trees and Plants—Trees with Buttresses3—Numberless parasites5—Character of the Primitive6 Forest according to its Site—Its Aspect during the Rainy Season—A Hurricane in the Forest—Beauty of the Forest after the Rainy Season—Our Home Scenes equally beautiful—Bird Life on the rivers of Guiana—Morning Concert—Repose8 of Nature at Noon—Nocturnal Voices of the Forest.
The peculiar charms of a tropical primeval forest are enhanced by the mystery of its impenetrable thickets9; for however grand its lofty vaults11, or lovely its ever-changing forms of leaf or blossom, fancy paints scenes still more beautiful beyond, where the eye cannot penetrate12, and where, as yet, no wanderer has ever strayed. But imagination also peoples the forest with peculiar terrors; for man feels himself here surrounded by an alien, or even hostile, nature: the solitude13 and silence of the woods weigh heavily on his mind; in every rustling14 of the falling leaves a venomous snake seems ready to dart15 forth16; and who knows what ravenous17 animal may not be lurking18 in the dense19 underwood that skirts the tangled20 path?
In Europe there is no room for such feelings; for in our part of the world there are no woods that may not be visited, even in their deepest recesses21: no thorny22 bush-ropes stretch their intricate cordage before the wanderer; no masses of matted shrubs23 block up his way. But it is very different in the boundless24 forests of tropical America. Here the jaguar25 sometimes loses himself in such impenetrable thickets that, unable to hunt upon the ground, he lives for a long time on the trees, a terror to the monkeys; here the padres of the mission-stations, which are not many miles apart in a direct line, often require more54 than a day’s navigation to visit each other, following the windings27 of small rivulets28 in their courses, as the forest renders communication by land impossible.
Even the more open parts of the forest are full of mysteries. In our woods the summits of the highest trees are accessible; there is no blossom that we are not able to pluck—no plant that we are not able to examine, from its root to its topmost branches; but in the Brazilian forest, where the matted bush-ropes wind round the trunks like immense serpents waiting for their prey29 or stretch like the rigging of a ship from one tree to another, and blossom at a giddy height, it is frequently as impossible to reach their flowers as it is to distinguish to which of the many interlacing stems they may belong.
If any one should be inclined to tax this description with exaggeration, let him try to pluck the flowers of the lianas, or to ascend30 by climbing their flexible cordage. The tiger-cat and the monkey, perhaps also the agile31 Indian, may be able to accomplish the feat32; but it would be utterly33 hopeless for the European to undertake it. Nor is it possible to drag down these inaccessible34 creepers; for, owing to their strength and toughness, it would be easier to pull down the tree to which they attach themselves than to force them from their hold. Here two or three together twisting spirally round each other form a complete living cable as if to bind35 securely the monarchs36 of the forest; there they form tangled festoons, and covered themselves with smaller creepers and parasitic37 plants, hide the parent stem from sight.
No botanist ever entered a primitive forest without envying the bird to whom no blossom is inaccessible, who, high above the loftiest trees, looks down upon the sea of verdure, and enjoys prospects38 whose beauty can hardly be imagined by man.
A majestic39 uniformity is the character of our woods, which often consist but of one species of tree, while in the tropical forests an immense variety of families strive for existence, and even in a small space one neighbour scarcely ever resembles the other. Even at a distance this difference becomes apparent in the irregular outlines of the forest, as here a dome-shaped crown, there a pointed40 pyramid, rises above the broad flat masses of green, in ever-varying succession. On approaching, the differences of colour are added to the irregularities of form; for55 while our forests are deprived of the ornament41 of flowers, many tropical trees have large blossoms, mixing in thick bunches with the leaves, and often entirely42 overpowering the verdure of the foliage43 by their gaudy44 tints45. Thus splendid white, yellow, or red-coloured crowns are mingled46 with those of darker or more humble47 hue48. At length when, on entering the forest, the single leaves become distinguishable, even the last traces of harmony disappear. Here they are delicately feathered, there lobed—here narrow, there broad—here pointed, there obtuse—here lustrous49 and fleshy, as if in the full luxuriance of youth, there dark and arid50, as if decayed with age. In many the inferior surface is covered with hair; and as the wind plays with the foliage, it appears now silvery, now dark green—now of a lively, now of a sombre hue. Thus the foliage exhibits an endless variety of form and colour; and where plants of the same species unite in a small group, they are mostly shoots from the roots of an old stem. This is chiefly the case with the palms; but the species of the larger trees are generally so isolated51 in the wood, that one rarely sees two alike on the same spot. Each is surrounded by strangers that begrudge52 it the necessary space and air; and where so many thousand forms of equal pretensions53 vie for the possession of the soil, none is able to expand its crown or extend its branches at full liberty. Hence there is a universal tendency upwards54; for it is only by overtopping its neighbours that each tree can attain55 the region of freedom and of light; and hence also the crowns borne aloft on those high columnar trunks are comparatively small. Shooting up straight and tall in this general struggle, they present no fantastic branches, no projecting limbs, like the sturdy oaks of our forests, and each, supported by the surrounding crowd, loses depth and tenacity56 of root. They may partly be compared to a body of military: the storm may rage, the lightning blast, the earthquake shake, and though many fall, the body at large scarcely feels the loss. Separate them and they will be found far inferior in power to the wild warrior57, who, accustomed to stand alone, trusts to his own strength and dexterity58 to bear him through the worst storms of fate.
Among the trees the various kinds that have buttresses projecting around their base are the most striking and peculiar.56 Some of these buttresses are much longer than they are high, springing from a distance of eight or ten feet from the base, and reaching only four or five feet high on the trunk; while others rise to the height of twenty or thirty feet, and can even be distinguished59 as ribs60 on the stem to forty or fifty. They are complete wooden walls from six inches to a foot thick, sometimes branching into two or three, and extending straight out to such a distance as to afford room for a comfortable hut in the angle between them. Other trees again appear as if they were formed by a number of slender stems growing together. They are deeply furrowed61 for their whole height, like the pillars in a cathedral, and in places these furrows62 reach quite through them, like windows in a narrow tower, yet they run up as high as their loftiest neighbours, with a straight stem of uniform diameter. Another most curious form is presented by those which have many of their roots high above the ground, appearing to stand on many legs, and often forming archways large enough for a man to walk beneath.
The stems of all these trees, and the climbers that wind or wave around them, support a multitude of dependants63. Tillandsias and other Bromeliaceæ, resembling wild pine-apples, large climbing Arums, with their dark green, arrowhead-shaped leaves, peppers in great variety, and large-leaved ferns, shoot out at intervals64 all up the stem to the very topmost branches. Between these, creeping ferns and delicate little species like our Hymenophyllum abound65, and in moist dark places the leaves of these are again covered with minute creeping mosses66 and Jungermannias, so that we have parasites on parasites, and on these parasites again. On looking upwards the infinite variety of foliage, strongly defined against the clear sky, is a striking characteristic of the tropical forest, and the bright sunshine lighting67 up all above, while a sombre gloom reigns68 below, adds to the grandeur69 and solemnity of the scene.
As these vast woods occupy sites of a very different character,—here extending along low river-banks, there climbing the slopes of gigantic mountains,—here under the equator, there on the verge70 of the tropics, where many of the trees, annually71 casting their foliage, remind one of the winter of the temperate57 zone—it is of course quite impossible to embrace all their varieties of form and aspect in one general description.
On descending72 from the heights of the Andes to the plains of the Marañon, the eye is attracted, in the more elevated forests (the region of the quinquina trees), by a variety of fantastically flowering orchids—and of arborescent ferns, with their lacelike giant leaves—by large dendritic urticeas—by wonderful bignonias, banisterias, passifloras, and many other inextricably tangled bush-ropes and creepers. Farther downwards73, though the lianas still appear in large numbers, the eye delights in palms of every variety of form, in terebinthinaceas, in leguminosas, whose sap is rich with many a costly74 balsam; in laurels75, bearing an abundance of aromatic77 fruit; or it admires the broad-leaved heliconias, the large blossoms of the solaneas, and thousands of other flowers, remarkable78 for the beauty of their colour, the strangeness of their form, or their exquisite79 aroma76.
In the deep lowlands the forest assumes a severe and dismal80 character: dense crowns of foliage form lofty vaults almost impenetrable to the light of day; no underwood thrives on the swampy81 ground; no parasite4 puts forth its delicate blossoms under the shade of the mighty82 trees and only mushrooms sprout83 abundantly from the humid soil.
Nothing can equal the gloom of these forests during the rainy season. Thick fogs obscure the damp and sultry air, and clouds of mosquitos whirl about in the mist. The trees are dripping with moisture; the flowers expand their petals84 only during the few dry hours of the day, and every animal seeks shelter in the thicket10. No bird, no butterfly comes forth; the snorting of the capybaras, and the monotonous85 croaking86 of frogs and toads88, are the only sounds that break the dull silence. Night darkens with increasing sadness over these dismal solitudes89; no star is visible; the moon disappears behind thick clouds; and the roar of the jaguar, or the howling of the stentor-monkey, issue like notes of distress90 from the depth of the melancholy91 woods.
A hurricane bursting over the primeval forest is one of the most terrific scenes of nature. A hollow uproar92 in the higher regions of the air, as if the wild huntsman of the German legends were sweeping93 along with his whole pack of phantom94 hounds, precedes the explosion of the storm, while the lower58 atmosphere still lies in deep repose. The roaring and rushing descends95 lower and lower; the higher branches of the trees strike wildly against each other; the forked lightning flashes through the night-like darkness; the thunder, repeated by a hundred echoes, rolls through the thicket; and trees, uprooted96 by the fury of the storm, fall with a loud crash, bearing down every stem of minor97 growth in their sweeping ruin. The howlings and wailings of terrified animals accompany the wild sounds of the tempest.
After the wet season the woods appear in their full beauty. Before the first showers, the long-continued drought had withered99 their leaves, and dried up many of the more delicate parasites, and during its continuance the torrents100 of rain despoiled101 them of all ornament; but when the clouds disperse102 and the animals come forth from their retreats to stretch their stiffened103 limbs in the warm sunshine, then also the vegetable world awakens104 to new life; and where, a few days before, the eye met only with green in every variety of shade, it now revels105 in the luxuriance of beautiful flowers, which embalm106 the air with exquisite fragrance107.
At this time of the year the banks of the rivers of Guiana winding26 through the primitive woods are of magical beauty. Through the underwood which often overhangs wide spaces of the stream, the large white blossoms of the inga shine forth, along with the scarlet108 brushes of the magnificent combretia. Elegant palms, armed with a panoply109 of thorns, and bearing a profusion110 of red fruit, rise above this lovely foreground; and farther on, noble forest trees are seen festooned with creepers and parasites covered with flowers.
These fairy bowers111 are enlivened by birds of splendid plumage, particularly in the early morning, when the luscious112 green of the high palm-fronds or the burning yellow of the lofty leopoldinias, touched by the first rays of the sun, suddenly shines forth. Then hundreds of gaudy parrots fly across the river; numberless colibris dart like winged gems113 through the air; whole herds115 of cotingas flutter among the blossoms; ducks of brilliant plumage cackle on the branches of submerged trees; on the highest tree-tops the toucan116 yelps117 his loud pia-po-ko! while, peeping from his nest, the oriole endeavours to imitate the sound; and the scarlet ibis flies in troops to the coast, while59 the white egrette flutters along before the boat, rests, and then again rises for a new career.
Yet pick out even the loveliest of these privileged spots where the most gorgeous flowers of the tropics expand their glowing petals, and for every scene of this kind we may find another at home of equal beauty and with an equal amount of brilliant colour.
‘Look at a field of buttercups and daisies,’ says Mr. Wallace, a very competent judge, ‘a hill-side covered with gorse and broom, a mountain rich with purple heather, or a forest glade118 azure119 with a carpet of wild hyacinths, and they will bear a comparison with any scene the tropics can produce. I have never seen anything more glorious than an old crab-tree in full blossom, and the horse-chestnut, lilac, and laburnum will vie with the choicest tropical trees and shrubs. In the tropical waters are no more beautiful plants than our white and yellow water lilies, our irises120 and flowering rush, for I cannot consider the flower of the Victoria Regia more beautiful than that of the Nymphæa alba, though it may be larger, nor is it so abundant an ornament of the tropical waters as the latter is of ours.’
Let us, therefore, unseduced by the highly coloured statements of travellers, learn to be contented121 with the beauties which Nature has lavished122 on our woods and fields, nor deem that England—
‘Where lawns extend that scorn Arcadian pride, And brighter streams than famed Hydaspes glide’—
has received but a step-motherly share in the distribution of her gifts.
Like the ocean, the forest has its voices, now swelling123 into uproar, now subsiding124 into silence; but while the wind and the breaker are the only musicians of the sea, the woods resound125 with animal voices.
In general, the morning hours are the loudest; for the creatures that delight in daylight, though not more numerous than the nocturnal species, have generally a louder voice. Their full concert, however, does not begin immediately after sunrise; for they are mostly so chilled by the colder night, that they need to be warmed for some time before awakening126 to the60 complete use of their faculties127. First, single tones ring from the higher tree-crowns, and gradually thousands of voices join in various modulation—now approaching, now melting into distance. Pre-eminent in loudness is the roar of the howling monkeys, though without being able fully128 to stifle129 the discordant130 cries and chattering132 of the noisy parrots. But the sun rapidly ascends133 towards the zenith, and one musician after the other grows mute and seeks the cool forest shade, until finally the whole morning concert ceases. Where the rays of light break through the foliage and play upon the underwood, or on the damp ground, gaudy butterflies flutter about, beetles134 of metallic135 brilliancy warm themselves, and richly-robed or dark-vested snakes creep forth; for these indolent creatures are also fond of basking136 in the sun.
IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER.
As the heat grows more intense, the stillness of the forest is only interrupted at intervals by single animal voices. Sometimes it is the note of the ivory-billed woodpecker, resounding137 like the distant axe138 of the forester, or the wail98 of the sloth139 breaking forth from the dense thicket. Sometimes human voices seem to issue from the depth of the forest, and the astonished huntsman fancies himself close to his comrades of the chase, or in the more dangerous neighbourhood of a wild tribe of Indians. With deep attention he listens to the sounds, until he discovers them to be the melancholy cry of the wood-pigeon.
The deepest silence reigns at noon, when the sun becomes too powerful even for the children of the torrid zone; and many creatures, particularly the birds, sink into a profound sleep. Then all the warm-blooded animals seek the shade, and only the cold reptiles—alligators, lizards140, salamanders—stretch themselves upon the glowing rocks in the bed of the forest streams, or on sunny slopes, and, with raised head and distended141 jaws142, seem to inhale143 with delight the sultry air.
As the evening approaches, the noise of the morning begins to re-awaken. With loud cries the parrots return from their distant feeding-grounds to the trees on which they are61 accustomed to rest at night; and, as the monkeys saluted144 the rising sun, so, chattering or howling, they now watch him sinking in the west.
With twilight145 a new world of animals—which, as long as the day lasted, remained concealed146 in the recesses of the forest—awakens from its mid-day torpor147, and prepares to enjoy its nightly revels. Then bats of hideous148 size wing their noiseless flight through the wood, chasing the giant hawk-moths and beetles, which have also waited for the evening hour, while the felidæ quit their lairs149, ready to spring on the red stag near some solitary150 pool, or on the unwieldy tapir, who, having slept during the heat of the day, seeks, as soon as evening approaches, the low-banked river, where he loves to wallow in the mud. Then also the shy opossum quits his nest in hollow trees, or under some arch-like vaulted151 root, to search for insects or fruits, and the cautious agouti sallies from the bush.
In our forests scarcely a single tone is heard after sunset; but in the tropical zone many loud voices celebrate the night, where for hours after the sun has disappeared, the cicadæ, toads, frogs, owls152, and goatsuckers chirrup, cry, croak87, howl, and wail. The quietest hours are from midnight until about three in the morning. Complete silence, however, occurs only during very short intervals; for there is always some cause or other that prompts some animal to break the stillness. Sometimes the din7 grows so loud that one might fancy a legion of evil spirits were celebrating their orgies in the darkness of the forest. The howling of the aluates, the whine153 of the little sapajous, the snarl154 of the duruculi, the roaring of the jaguar, the grunt155 of the pecari, the cry of the sloth, and the shrill156 voices of birds, join in dreadful discord131. Humboldt supposes the first cause of these tumults157 to be a conflict among animals, which, arising by chance, gradually swells158 to larger dimensions. The jaguar pursues a herd114 of pecaris or tapirs, which break wildly through the bushes. Terrified by the noise, the monkeys howl, awakening parrots and toucans159 from their slumber160; and thus the din spreads through the wood. A long time passes before the forest returns to its stillness. Towards the approach of day the owls, the goatsuckers, the toads, the frogs, howl, groan161, and croak for the last time; and as soon as the first beams of morning purple the sky, the shrill notes of the cicadæ mix with their expiring cries.
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1
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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botanist
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| n.植物学家 | |
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buttresses
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| n.扶壁，扶垛( buttress的名词复数 )v.用扶壁支撑，加固( buttress的第三人称单数 ) | |
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parasite
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| n.寄生虫；寄生菌；食客 | |
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parasites
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| 寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫 | |
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primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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vaults
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| n.拱顶( vault的名词复数 )；地下室；撑物跳高；墓穴 | |
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penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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rustling
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| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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ravenous
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| adj.极饿的，贪婪的 | |
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lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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jaguar
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| n.美洲虎 | |
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winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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windings
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| （道路、河流等）蜿蜒的，弯曲的( winding的名词复数 )； 缠绕( wind的现在分词 )； 卷绕； 转动（把手） | |
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rivulets
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| n.小河，小溪( rivulet的名词复数 ) | |
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prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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agile
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| adj.敏捷的，灵活的 | |
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feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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parasitic
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| adj.寄生的 | |
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prospects
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| n.希望，前途(恒为复数) | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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lustrous
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| adj.有光泽的；光辉的 | |
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arid
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| adj.干旱的；(土地)贫瘠的 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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begrudge
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| vt.吝啬，羡慕 | |
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pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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54
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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55
attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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56
tenacity
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| n.坚韧 | |
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57
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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58
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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59
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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60
ribs
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| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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61
furrowed
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| v.犁田，开沟( furrow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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62
furrows
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| n.犁沟( furrow的名词复数 )；（脸上的）皱纹v.犁田，开沟( furrow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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63
dependants
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| 受赡养者，受扶养的家属( dependant的名词复数 ) | |
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64
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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65
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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66
mosses
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| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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67
lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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68
reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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69
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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70
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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71
annually
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| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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72
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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73
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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74
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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75
laurels
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| n.桂冠，荣誉 | |
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76
aroma
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| n.香气，芬芳，芳香 | |
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77
aromatic
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| adj.芳香的，有香味的 | |
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78
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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79
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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80
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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81
swampy
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| adj.沼泽的，湿地的 | |
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82
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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83
sprout
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| n.芽，萌芽；vt.使发芽，摘去芽；vi.长芽，抽条 | |
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84
petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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85
monotonous
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| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
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86
croaking
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| v.呱呱地叫( croak的现在分词 )；用粗的声音说 | |
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87
croak
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| vi.嘎嘎叫，发牢骚 | |
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88
toads
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| n.蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆( toad的名词复数 ) | |
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89
solitudes
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| n.独居( solitude的名词复数 )；孤独；荒僻的地方；人迹罕至的地方 | |
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90
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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91
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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92
uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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93
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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94
phantom
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| n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的 | |
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95
descends
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| v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜 | |
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96
uprooted
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| v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园 | |
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97
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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98
wail
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| vt./vi.大声哀号，恸哭；呼啸，尖啸 | |
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99
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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100
torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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101
despoiled
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| v.掠夺，抢劫( despoil的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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102
disperse
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| vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散 | |
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103
stiffened
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| 加强的 | |
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104
awakens
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的第三人称单数 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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105
revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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106
embalm
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| v.保存（尸体）不腐 | |
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107
fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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108
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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109
panoply
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| n.全副甲胄，礼服 | |
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110
profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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111
bowers
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| n.（女子的）卧室( bower的名词复数 )；船首锚；阴凉处；鞠躬的人 | |
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112
luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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113
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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114
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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115
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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116
toucan
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| n.巨嘴鸟，犀鸟 | |
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117
yelps
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| n.（因痛苦、气愤、兴奋等的）短而尖的叫声( yelp的名词复数 )v.发出短而尖的叫声( yelp的第三人称单数 ) | |
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118
glade
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| n.林间空地，一片表面有草的沼泽低地 | |
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119
azure
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| adj.天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 | |
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120
irises
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| n.虹( iris的名词复数 )；虹膜；虹彩；鸢尾（花） | |
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121
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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122
lavished
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| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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123
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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124
subsiding
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的现在分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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125
resound
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| v.回响 | |
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126
awakening
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| n.觉醒，醒悟 adj.觉醒中的；唤醒的 | |
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127
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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128
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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129
stifle
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| vt.使窒息；闷死；扼杀；抑止，阻止 | |
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130
discordant
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| adj.不调和的 | |
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131
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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132
chattering
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| n. （机器振动发出的）咔嗒声，(鸟等)鸣，啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的，啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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133
ascends
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 ) | |
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134
beetles
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| n.甲虫( beetle的名词复数 ) | |
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135
metallic
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| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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136
basking
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| v.晒太阳，取暖( bask的现在分词 )；对…感到乐趣；因他人的功绩而出名；仰仗…的余泽 | |
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137
resounding
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| adj. 响亮的 | |
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138
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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139
sloth
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| n.[动]树懒；懒惰，懒散 | |
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140
lizards
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| n.蜥蜴( lizard的名词复数 ) | |
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141
distended
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| v.（使）膨胀，肿胀( distend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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142
jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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143
inhale
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| v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟) | |
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144
saluted
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| v.欢迎，致敬( salute的过去式和过去分词 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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145
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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146
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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147
torpor
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| n.迟钝；麻木；（动物的）冬眠 | |
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148
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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149
lairs
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| n.（野兽的）巢穴，窝( lair的名词复数 )；（人的）藏身处 | |
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150
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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151
vaulted
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| adj.拱状的 | |
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152
owls
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| n.猫头鹰( owl的名词复数 ) | |
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153
whine
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| v.哀号，号哭；n.哀鸣 | |
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154
snarl
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| v.吼叫，怒骂，纠缠，混乱；n.混乱，缠结，咆哮 | |
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155
grunt
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| v.嘟哝；作呼噜声；n.呼噜声，嘟哝 | |
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156
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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157
tumults
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| 吵闹( tumult的名词复数 )； 喧哗； 激动的吵闹声； 心烦意乱 | |
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158
swells
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| 增强( swell的第三人称单数 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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159
toucans
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| n.巨嘴鸟，犀鸟( toucan的名词复数 ) | |
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160
slumber
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| n.睡眠，沉睡状态 | |
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161
groan
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| vi./n.呻吟，抱怨；(发出)呻吟般的声音 | |
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