Rice—Various Aspect of the Rice-fields at different Seasons—The Rice-Bird—Maize1—First imported from America by Columbus—Its enormous Productiveness—Its wide zone of Cultivation2—Millet3, Dhourra—The Bread-Fruit Tree—The Bananas—Their ancient Cultivation—Avaca or Manilla Hemp4—Humboldt’s Remarks on the Banana—The Traveller’s Tree of Madagascar—The Cassava Root—Tapioca—Yams—Batatas—Arrowroot—Taro5—Tropical Fruit Trees—The Chirimoya—The Litchi—The Mangosteen—The Mango.
Of all the cereals there is none that affords food to so vast a multitude as the rice-plant (Oryza sativa), on whose grains from time immemorial the countless6 millions of south-eastern Asia chiefly subsist7. From its primitive8 seat, on the Ganges or the Sikiang, its cultivation has gradually spread not only over the whole tropical zone, but even far beyond its bounds, as it thrives both in the swamps of South Carolina and in the rich alluvial9 plains of the Danube and the Po.
Along the low river banks, in the delta-lands which the rains of the tropics annually10 change into a boundless11 lake, or where, by artificial embankments, the waters of the mountain streams have been collected into tanks for irrigation, the rice-plant164 attains12 its utmost luxuriance of growth, and but rarely deceives the hopes of the husbandmen.
The aspect of the lowland rice-fields of India and its isles13 is very different at various seasons of the year. Where, in Java, for instance, you see to-day long-legged herons gravely stalking over the inundated14 plain partitioned by small dykes15, or a yoke16 of indolent buffaloes17 slowly wading18 through the mud, you will three or four months later be charmed by the view of a gracefully19 undulating corn-field, bearing a great resemblance to our indigenous20 barley21. Cords, to which scare-crows are attached traverse the field in every direction, and converge22, to a small watch-house, erected23 on high poles. Here the attentive24 villager sits, like a spider in the centre of its web, and by pulling the cords, puts them from time to time into motion, whenever the wind is unwilling25 to undertake the office. Then the grotesque26 and noisy figures begin to rustle27 and to caper28, and whole flocks of the neat little rice-bird or Java sparrow (Loxia oryzivora), rise on the wing, and hurry off with all the haste of guilty fright. After another month has elapsed, and the waters have long since evaporated or been withdrawn29, the harvest takes place, and the rice-fields are enlivened by a motley crowd, for all the villagers, old and young, are busy reaping the golden ears.
JAVA SPARROW.
The rice-fields offer a peculiarly charming picture when, as in the mountain valleys of Ceylon, they rise in terraces along the slopes. ‘Selecting an angular recess31 where two hills converge, the Kandyans construct a series of terraces, raised stage above stage, and retiring as they ascend32 along the slope of the acclivity, up which they are carried as high as the soil extends. Each terrace is furnished with a low ledge33 in front, behind which the requisite34 depth of water is retained during the germination35 of the seed, and what is superfluous36 is permitted to trickle37 down to the one below it. In order to carry on this peculiar30 cultivation the streams are led along the level of the hills, often from a distance of many miles, with a skill and perseverance38 for which the natives of these mountains have attained39 a great renown40.’
165 Maize is no less important to the rapidly-growing nations of America than the rice-plant to the followers41 of Buddh or of Brama. The time when the cereals of the old world were first transplanted from their unknown Asiatic homes is, and ever will be, hidden in legendary42 obscurity; but the epoch43 when maize was for the first time seen and tasted by Europeans lies before us in the broad daylight of authentic44 history. For, when Columbus discovered Cuba, in the year 1492, he found maize cultivated by the Indians, and was equally pleased with the taste of the roasted grains and astonished at their size. In the following year, when he made his triumphant45 entry into Barcelona, and presented his royal patrons—Ferdinand and Isabella—with specimens46 of the various productions of the New World, the maize-spikes48 he laid down before their throne, though but little noticed, were in reality of far greater importance than the heaps of gold which were so falsely deemed to be the richest prizes of his grand discovery. In this manner maize was first conveyed from the New World to Spain, whence its cultivation gradually extended over the tropical and temperate49 zones of the eastern hemisphere. Round the whole basin of the Mediterranean50, maize has found a new home, and its grain now nourishes the Lombard and the Hungarian, as it does the Egyptian fellah or the Syrian peasant.
While our northern cereals only produce a pleasing effect when covering extensive fields, but are individually too insignificant51 to claim attention, the maize-plant almost reminds the spectator of the lofty Bambusaceæ of the tropical world. Even in our gardens it rises above a man’s height, and in warmer countries not seldom attains the gigantic stature52 of fourteen feet. Ensiform, dark green, lustrous53 leaves, somewhat resembling those of the large oarweeds of the northern seas, spring alternately from every joint54 of this cereal, streaming like pennants55 and sharply rustling56 in the wind. The top produces a bunch of male flowers of various colours, which is called the tassel57. Each plant likewise bears three or more spikes or ears, proceeding58 from the stem, at various distances from the ground, and closely enveloped59 by several thin leaves, forming a sheath, or husk. They consist of a cylindrical60 substance of the nature of pith, which is called the cobb, and over the entire surface of which the seeds are ranged and fixed61, in eight166 or more straight rows. Each of these has generally as many as thirty or more seeds, and each seed weighs at least as much as five or six grains of wheat or barley. Surely a cereal like this deserves beyond all others to symbolise abundance, and, had it been known to the Greeks, it would beyond all doubt have figured conspicuously62 in the teeming64 horn of Amalthea.
In light sandy soils, under the scorching65 rays of the sun, and in situations where sufficient moisture cannot be obtained for the production of rice, numerous varieties of millet (Sorghum vulgare) are successfully cultivated in many tropical countries—in India, Arabia, the West Indies, in Central Africa, and in Nubia, where it is grown almost to the exclusion66 of every other esculent plant. Though the seeds are by much the smallest of any of the cereal plants, the number borne upon each stalk is so great as to counterbalance this disadvantage, and to render the cultivation of millet as productive as that of any other grain.
The bread-fruit tree is the great gift of Providence67 to the fairest isles of Polynesia. No fruit or forest tree in the north of Europe, with the exception of the oak or linden, is its equal in regularity68 of growth and comeliness69 of shape; it far surpasses the wild chestnut70, which somewhat resembles it in appearance. Its large oblong leaves are deeply lobed71 like those of the fig-tree, which they resemble not only in colour and consistence, but also in exuding72 a milky73 juice when broken. About the time when the sun, advancing towards the Tropic of Capricorn, announces to the Tahitians that summer is approaching, it begins to produce new leaves and young fruits, which commence ripening74 in October, and may be plucked about eight months long in luxuriant succession. The fruit is about the size and shape of a new-born infant’s head, with a thin skin, and a core about as big as the handle of a small knife. The edible76 part, which lies between the skin and the core, and is as white as snow, must be roasted before it is eaten; its taste is insipid77, with a slight sweetness, somewhat resembling that of the crumb78 of wheaten bread mixed with boiled potatoes. When the season draws to an end, the last fruits are laid in heaps, and closely covered with leaves. In this state they undergo a fermentation and become disagreeably sweet; the core is then taken out entire, which is done by gently pulling out the stalk, and the167 rest of the fruit is thrown into a hole, where it undergoes a second fermentation, and becomes sour, after which it will suffer no change for many months. It is taken out of the hole as it is wanted for use, and, being made into balls, it is wrapped up in leaves and baked.
To procure79 this principal article of their food costs the fortunate South Sea Islanders no more trouble than plucking and preparing it in the manner above described; for, though the tree which produces it does not grow spontaneously, yet, if a man plants but ten of them in his lifetime, which he may do in about an hour, he will, as Cook remarks, ‘as completely fulfil his duty to his own and future generations, as the native of our less genial81 climate by ploughing in the cold of winter and reaping in the summer’s heat as often as the seasons return.’
Dampier (1688) is the first English writer that mentions the bread-fruit tree, which he found growing in the Ladrones, and a few years later Lord Anson enjoyed its fruits at Tinian, where they contributed to save the lives of his emaciated82 and scurvy-stricken followers. It continued, however, to remain unnoticed in Europe, until the voyages of Wallis and Cook attracted the attention of the whole civilized83 world to the fortunate islands, whose inhabitants, instead of gaining their bread by the sweat of their brow, plucked it ready formed from the teeming branches of their groves84.
But the wonderful luxuriance of tropical vegetation is perhaps nowhere more conspicuous63 and surprising than in the magnificent Musaceæ, the banana (Musa sapientum), and the plantain (Musa paradisiaca), whose fruits most probably nourished mankind long before the gifts of Ceres became known. A succulent shaft85 or stem, rising to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and frequently two feet in diameter, is formed of the sheath-like leaf-stalks rolled one over the other, and terminating in enormous light-green and glossy86 blades, ten feet long and two feet broad, of so delicate a tissue that the slightest wind suffices to tear them transversely as far as the middle rib80. A stout87 foot-stalk arising from the centre of the leaves, and reclining over one side of the trunk, supports numerous clusters of flowers, and subsequently a great weight of several hundred fruits about the size and shape of full-grown168 cucumbers. On seeing the stately plant, one might suppose that many years had been required for its growth; and yet only eight or ten months were necessary for its full development.
Each shaft produces its fruit but once, when it withers88 and dies; but new shoots spring forth89 from the root, and, before the year has elapsed, unfold themselves with the same luxuriance. Thus, without any other labour than now and then weeding the field, fruit follows upon fruit, and harvest upon harvest. A single bunch of bananas often weighs from sixty to seventy pounds, and Humboldt has calculated that thirty-three pounds of wheat and ninety-nine pounds of potatoes, require the same space of ground to grow upon as will produce 4,000 pounds of bananas.
This prodigality90 of Nature, seemingly so favourable91 to the human race, is however attended with great disadvantages; for where the life of man is rendered too easy, his best powers remain dormant92, and he almost sinks to the level of the plant which affords him subsistence without labour. Exertion93 awakens94 our faculties95 as it increases our enjoyments96, and well may we rejoice that wheat and not the banana ripens97 in our fields.
As the seeds of the cultivated plantain and banana never or very rarely come to maturity98, they can only be propagated by suckers. ‘In both hemispheres,’ says Humboldt, ‘as far as tradition or history reaches, we find plantains cultivated in the tropical zone. It is as certain that African slaves have introduced, in the course of centuries, varieties of the banana into America, as that before the discovery of Columbus the plantain was cultivated by the aboriginal99 Indians.
‘These plants are the ornaments100 of humid countries. Like the farinaceous cereals of the north, they accompany man from the first infancy101 of his civilisation102. Semitical traditions place their original home on the banks of the Euphrates; others, with greater probability, at the foot of the Himalayas. According to the Greek mythology103, the plains of Enna were the fortunate birthplace of the cereals; but while the monotonous104 fields of the latter add but little to the beauty of the northern regions, the tropical husbandman multiplies in the banana one of the noblest forms of vegetable life.’
169 The Musaceæ are not only useful to man by their mealy, wholesome105, and agreeable fruits, but also by the fibres of their long leaf-stalks. Some species furnish filaments106 for the finest muslin, and the coarse fibres of the Musa textilis, known in trade under the name of Manilla hemp, serve for the preparation of very durable107 cordage.
To the same family of plants belongs also the traveller-tree of Madagascar (Ravenala speciosa), one of those wonderful sources of refreshment108 which Nature has provided for the thirsty wanderer in the wilderness109. The foot-stalks of the elliptical, alternate leaves embrace the trunk with broad sheathes110, in which the dew trickling111 from their surface is collected. Thus the ravenala, the hollow baobab, the pitcher-plant, and the juicy cactuses, all answer a similar purpose, and it is impossible to say which of them is most to be admired.
Life and death are strangely blended in the Cassava or Mandioca root (Jatropha Manihot); the juice a rapidly destructive poison, the meal a nutritious112 and agreeable food, which, in tropical America, and chiefly in Brazil, forms a great part of the people’s sustenance113. The height to which the cassava attains varies from four to six feet: it rises by a slender, woody, knotted stalk, furnished with alternate palmated leaves, and springs from a woody root, the slender collateral114 fibres of which swell115 into those farinaceous parsnip-like masses, for which alone the plant is cultivated. It requires a dry soil, and is not found at a greater elevation116 than 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. It is propagated by cuttings, which very quickly take root, and in about eight months from the time of their being planted, the tubers will generally be in a fit state to be collected; they may, however, be left in the ground for many months without sustaining any injury. The usual mode of preparing the cassava is to grind the roots after peeling off the dark-coloured rind, to draw out the poisonous juice, and finally to bake the meal into thin cakes on a hot iron hearth117. Fortunately the deleterious principle is so volatile118 as to be entirely119 dissipated by exposure to heat; for when the root has been cut into small pieces, and exposed during some hours to the direct rays of the sun, cattle may be fed on it with perfect safety. If the recently extracted juice be drunk by cattle or poultry120, the animals soon die in convulsions; but if this same170 liquid is boiled with meat and seasoned, it forms a wholesome and nutritious soup. The Jatropha Janipha, or Sweet Cassava, though very similar to the Manihot or bitter variety, and wholly innocuous, is far less extensively cultivated.
The yam-roots, so frequently mentioned in narratives121 of travel through the tropical regions, are the produce of two climbing plants—the Dioscorea sativa and alata—with tender stems of from eighteen to twenty feet in length, and smooth sharp-pointed122 leaves on long foot-stalks, from the base of which arise spikes of small flowers. The roots of the D. sativa are flat and palmated, about a foot in breadth, white within and externally of a dark brown colour, those of the D. alata, are still larger, being frequently about three feet long, and weighing about thirty pounds. Both kinds are cultivated like the common potato, which they resemble in taste, though of a closer texture123.
The Dioscoreæ are natives of South Asia, and are supposed to have been thence transplanted to the West Indies, as they have never been found growing wild in any part of America; while in the island of Ceylon, and on the coast of Malabar, they flourish in the woods with spontaneous and luxurious124 growth.
The Spanish or Sweet Potato (Convolvulus Batatas), commonly cultivated in the tropical climates both of the eastern and the western hemispheres, is an herbaceous perennial125, which sends out many trailing stalks, extending six or eight feet every way, and putting forth at each joint roots which in a genial climate grow to be very large tubers, so that from a single plant forty or fifty large roots are produced. The leaves are angular and stand on long petioles, the flowers are purple. The batata is propagated by laying down the young shoots in the spring; indeed in its native climate it multiplies almost spontaneously, for if the branches of roots that have been pulled up are suffered to remain on the ground, and a shower of rain falls soon after, their vegetation will recommence.
Arrowroot is chiefly obtained from two different plants—the Marantha arundinacea and the Tacca pinnatifida. The former a native of South America, is an herbaceous perennial and is propagated by parting the roots. It rises to the height of two or three feet, has broad pointed leaves, and is crowned by a spike47 of small white flowers. It is much cultivated, both for171 domestic use and for exportation in the West Indies, and in some parts of Hindostan. The arrowroot is obtained by first pounding the long stalky roots in a large wooden mortar126, and pouring a quantity of water over them. After the whole has been agitated127 for some time, the starch128, separated from the fibres, collects at the bottom of the vessel129, and, having been cleansed130 by repeated washing, is dried in the sun.
The Tacca pinnatifida, likewise an herbaceous plant with pinnated leaves, an umbelliform blossom, and large potato-like roots, is scattered131 over most of the South Sea Islands. It is not cultivated in the Hawaiian group, but found growing wild in abundance in the more elevated districts, where it is satisfied with the most meagre soil, and sprouts132 forth among the lava133 blocks of those volcanic134 islands. Arrowroot is prepared from this plant in the same manner as from the West Indian Marantha, but, as the improvident135 Polynesians only think of digging it out of the earth, and never give themselves the trouble of replanting the small and useless tubers, its quantity has very much diminished.
The Caladium esculentum, an aquatic136 plant, furnishes the large Taro roots which, boiled to a thick paste, form the chief food of the Sandwich Islanders, and are extensively cultivated in many other groups of the South Seas. It grows like rice on a marshy137 ground, the large sagittated leaves rise on high foot-stalks, immediately springing from the root, and are likewise very agreeable to the taste, but are more seldom eaten, as they are used for propagation. Severed138 from the root, they merely require to be planted in the mud to produce after six months a new harvest of roots. The growth is so abundant that 1,500 persons can live upon the produce of a single square mile, so that supposing the United Kingdom to be one vast taro-field, its surface would be able to nourish about two thousand millions of souls.
As there is a mountain-rice which thrives without artificial irrigation, there is also a mountain-taro (Caladium cristatum), which resembles the former in general appearance, but prefers a more dry and elevated soil. Although the plant grows wild both in the Society and Marquesas Islands, yet Pitcairn’s Island was the only spot where Mr. Bennett saw it cultivated.
But the possession of a plant which furnishes so much food172 with so little labour, can hardly be considered as a benefit for the Sandwich Islanders, whose natural indolence is too much encouraged by the abundance it creates. The Hawaiian constantly sees before his eyes the coffee-groves and sugar-plantations, the cotton and indigo139 fields, which, cultivated by Chinese coolies, amply reward the enterprise of the European and American settlers in his native land, and yet he saunters by, too indolent even to stretch out his hand and gather the berries from the trees.
It may easily be imagined that the tropical sun, which distils140 so many costly141 juices and fiery142 spices in indescribable multiplicity and abundance, must also produce a variety of fruits. But man has as yet done but little to improve by care and art these gifts of Nature, and, with rare exceptions, the delicious flavour for which our native fruits are indebted to centuries of cultivation, is found wanting in those of the torrid zone. In our gardens Pomona appears in the refined garb143 of civilisation, while in the tropics she still shows herself as a savage144 beauty, requiring the aid of culture for the full development of her attractions.
Yet there are exceptions to the rule, and among others the Peruvian Chirimoya (Anona tripetala) is vaunted by travellers in such terms of admiration145 that it can hardly be inferior to and probably surpasses, the most exquisite146 fruits of European growth. Hänke calls it, in one of his letters, a masterpiece of Nature, and Tschudi says that its taste is quite incomparable. It grows to perfection at Huanuco, where it attains a weight of from fourteen to sixteen pounds. The fruit is generally heart-shaped, with the broad base attached to the branch. The rind is green, covered with small tubercles and scales, and encloses a snow-white, juicy pulp147, with many black kernels148. Both the fruit and the blossoms exhale149 a delightful150 odour. The tree is about twenty feet high, and has a broad dull green crown.
In the eastern hemisphere, the litchi, the mangosteen, and the mango enjoy the highest reputation.
The Litchi (Nephelium Litchi), a small insignificant tree, with lanceolate leaves, and small greenish-white flowers, is a native of China and Cochin-China, but its cultivation has spread over the East and the West Indies. The plum-like scarlet151 fruit is generally eaten by the Chinese to their tea, but it is173 also dried in ovens and exported. In order to obtain the fruit in perfection, for the use of the Imperial Court, the trees, as soon as they blossom, are conveyed from Canton to Pekin on rafts, at a very great trouble and expense, so that the plums may just be ripe on their arrival in the northern capital.
The beautiful Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana), a native of the Moluccas, and thence transplanted to Java, Siam, the Philippines, and Ceylon, resembles at a distance the citron-tree, and bears large flowers like roses. The dark brown capsular fruit, about the size of a small apple, is described as of unequalled flavour—juicy and aromatic152, like a mixture of strawberries, raspberries, grapes, and oranges. It is said that the patient who has lost an appetite for everything else still relishes153 the mangosteen, and that the case is perfectly154 hopeless when he refuses even this.
The stately Mango (Mangifera indica) bears beautiful girandoles of flowers, followed by large plum-like fruits, of which, however, but four or five ripen75 on each branch. More than forty varieties are grown at Kew, the finest of which are reserved for the Queen’s table. From Ceylon, its original seat, the mango has been transplanted far and wide over the torrid zone.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
maize
|
|
| n.玉米 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
cultivation
|
|
| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
millet
|
|
| n.小米，谷子 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
hemp
|
|
| n.大麻；纤维 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
taro
|
|
| n.芋，芋头 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
countless
|
|
| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
subsist
|
|
| vi.生存，存在，供养 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
primitive
|
|
| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
alluvial
|
|
| adj.冲积的；淤积的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
annually
|
|
| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
boundless
|
|
| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
attains
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的第三人称单数 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
isles
|
|
| 岛( isle的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
inundated
|
|
| v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
dykes
|
|
| abbr.diagonal wire cutters 斜线切割机n.堤( dyke的名词复数 )；坝；堰；沟 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
yoke
|
|
| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
buffaloes
|
|
| n.水牛（分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种）( buffalo的名词复数 )；（南非或北美的）野牛；威胁；恐吓 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
wading
|
|
| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
gracefully
|
|
| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
indigenous
|
|
| adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
barley
|
|
| n.大麦，大麦粒 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
converge
|
|
| vi.会合；聚集，集中；(思想、观点等)趋近 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
ERECTED
|
|
| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
attentive
|
|
| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
unwilling
|
|
| adj.不情愿的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
grotesque
|
|
| adj.怪诞的，丑陋的；n.怪诞的图案，怪人（物） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
rustle
|
|
| v.沙沙作响；偷盗(牛、马等)；n.沙沙声声 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
caper
|
|
| v.雀跃，欢蹦；n.雀跃，跳跃；续随子，刺山柑花蕾；嬉戏 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
withdrawn
|
|
| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
peculiar
|
|
| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
recess
|
|
| n.短期休息，壁凹（墙上装架子，柜子等凹处） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
ascend
|
|
| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
ledge
|
|
| n.壁架，架状突出物；岩架，岩礁 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
requisite
|
|
| adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
germination
|
|
| n.萌芽，发生；萌发；生芽；催芽 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
superfluous
|
|
| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
trickle
|
|
| vi.淌，滴，流出，慢慢移动，逐渐消散 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
perseverance
|
|
| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
attained
|
|
| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
renown
|
|
| n.声誉，名望 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
followers
|
|
| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
legendary
|
|
| adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学） | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
epoch
|
|
| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
authentic
|
|
| a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
triumphant
|
|
| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
specimens
|
|
| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
spike
|
|
| n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
spikes
|
|
| n.穗( spike的名词复数 )；跑鞋；（防滑）鞋钉；尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 )；偷偷地给某人的饮料加入（更多）酒精（ 或药物）；把尖状物钉入；打乱某人的计划 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
temperate
|
|
| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
Mediterranean
|
|
| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
insignificant
|
|
| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
stature
|
|
| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
lustrous
|
|
| adj.有光泽的；光辉的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
joint
|
|
| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
pennants
|
|
| n.校旗( pennant的名词复数 )；锦标旗；长三角旗；信号旗 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
rustling
|
|
| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
tassel
|
|
| n.流苏，穗；v.抽穗， （玉米）长穗须 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
proceeding
|
|
| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
enveloped
|
|
| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
cylindrical
|
|
| adj.圆筒形的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
fixed
|
|
| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
conspicuously
|
|
| ad.明显地，惹人注目地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
conspicuous
|
|
| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
teeming
|
|
| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
scorching
|
|
| adj. 灼热的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
exclusion
|
|
| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
providence
|
|
| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
regularity
|
|
| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
comeliness
|
|
| n. 清秀, 美丽, 合宜 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
chestnut
|
|
| n.栗树，栗子 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
lobed
|
|
| adj.浅裂的，叶状的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
exuding
|
|
| v.缓慢流出，渗出，分泌出( exude的现在分词 )；流露出对（某物）的神态或感情 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
milky
|
|
| adj.牛奶的，多奶的；乳白色的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
ripening
|
|
| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
ripen
|
|
| vt.使成熟；vi.成熟 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
edible
|
|
| n.食品，食物；adj.可食用的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
insipid
|
|
| adj.无味的，枯燥乏味的，单调的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
crumb
|
|
| n.饼屑，面包屑，小量 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
procure
|
|
| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
rib
|
|
| n.肋骨，肋状物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
genial
|
|
| adj.亲切的，和蔼的，愉快的，脾气好的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
emaciated
|
|
| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
civilized
|
|
| a.有教养的，文雅的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
groves
|
|
| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
shaft
|
|
| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
glossy
|
|
| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
withers
|
|
| 马肩隆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
forth
|
|
| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
prodigality
|
|
| n.浪费，挥霍 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
favourable
|
|
| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
dormant
|
|
| adj.暂停活动的；休眠的；潜伏的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
exertion
|
|
| n.尽力，努力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
awakens
|
|
| v.（使）醒( awaken的第三人称单数 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
faculties
|
|
| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
enjoyments
|
|
| 愉快( enjoyment的名词复数 )； 令人愉快的事物； 享有； 享受 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
ripens
|
|
| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
maturity
|
|
| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
aboriginal
|
|
| adj.（指动植物）土生的，原产地的，土著的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
ornaments
|
|
| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
infancy
|
|
| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
102
civilisation
|
|
| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
103
mythology
|
|
| n.神话，神话学，神话集 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
104
monotonous
|
|
| adj.单调的，一成不变的，使人厌倦的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
105
wholesome
|
|
| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
106
filaments
|
|
| n.（电灯泡的）灯丝( filament的名词复数 )；丝极；细丝；丝状物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
107
durable
|
|
| adj.持久的，耐久的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
108
refreshment
|
|
| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
109
wilderness
|
|
| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
110
sheathes
|
|
| v.将（刀、剑等）插入鞘( sheathe的第三人称单数 )；包，覆盖 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
|
111
trickling
|
|
| n.油画底色含油太多而成泡沫状突起v.滴( trickle的现在分词 )；淌；使)慢慢走；缓慢移动 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
112
nutritious
|
|
| adj.有营养的，营养价值高的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
113
sustenance
|
|
| n.食物，粮食；生活资料；生计 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
114
collateral
|
|
| adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
115
swell
|
|
| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
116
elevation
|
|
| n.高度；海拔；高地；上升；提高 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
117
hearth
|
|
| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
118
volatile
|
|
| adj.反复无常的，挥发性的，稍纵即逝的，脾气火爆的；n.挥发性物质 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
119
entirely
|
|
| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
120
poultry
|
|
| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
121
narratives
|
|
| 记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
122
pointed
|
|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
123
texture
|
|
| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
124
luxurious
|
|
| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
125
perennial
|
|
| adj.终年的；长久的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
126
mortar
|
|
| n.灰浆，灰泥；迫击炮；v.把…用灰浆涂接合 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
127
agitated
|
|
| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
128
starch
|
|
| n.淀粉；vt.给...上浆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
129
vessel
|
|
| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
130
cleansed
|
|
| 弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
131
scattered
|
|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
132
sprouts
|
|
| n.新芽，嫩枝( sprout的名词复数 )v.发芽( sprout的第三人称单数 )；抽芽；出现；（使）涌现出 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
133
lava
|
|
| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
134
volcanic
|
|
| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
135
improvident
|
|
| adj.不顾将来的，不节俭的，无远见的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
136
aquatic
|
|
| adj.水生的，水栖的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
137
marshy
|
|
| adj.沼泽的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
138
severed
|
|
| v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
139
indigo
|
|
| n.靛青，靛蓝 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
140
distils
|
|
| v.蒸馏( distil的第三人称单数 )；从…提取精华 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
141
costly
|
|
| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
142
fiery
|
|
| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
143
garb
|
|
| n.服装，装束 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
144
savage
|
|
| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
145
admiration
|
|
| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
146
exquisite
|
|
| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
147
pulp
|
|
| n.果肉，纸浆；v.化成纸浆，除去...果肉，制成纸浆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
148
kernels
|
|
| 谷粒( kernel的名词复数 )； 仁； 核； 要点 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
149
exhale
|
|
| v.呼气，散出，吐出，蒸发 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
150
delightful
|
|
| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
151
scarlet
|
|
| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
152
aromatic
|
|
| adj.芳香的，有香味的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
153
relishes
|
|
| n.滋味( relish的名词复数 )；乐趣；（大量的）享受；快乐v.欣赏( relish的第三人称单数 )；从…获得乐趣；渴望 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
154
perfectly
|
|
| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |