Physical Conformation of the Malays—Betel Chewing—Their Moral Character—Limited Intelligence of the Malays—Their Maritime1 Tastes—Piracy2—Gambling3—Cock-fighting—Running A-muck!—Fishing—Malayan Superstitions—The Battas—Their Cannibalism4—Eating a Man alive—The Begus—Aërial Huts—Funeral Ceremonies—The Dyaks—Head-hunting—The Sumpitan—Large Houses.
Unlike the apathetic5 Indian hunter, whose wishes are bounded by the forest or the savannah, where the chase provides him with a scanty6 subsistence, or the good-humoured Negro who, fond of agriculture, and attached to the soil on which he was born, never thinks of wandering of his own free will to distant countries, the roving race of the Malays has scattered7 its colonies far and wide over the Indian Archipelago.
The colour of the various tribes of this remarkable9 people is a yellowish-brown, and varies but little throughout the numerous islands extending from Sumatra and the peninsula of Malacca to the Moluccas. The hair is black, coarse and straight, the beard scanty. The stature10 is below the average European size,254 the breast well developed, the limbs meagre. The face is broad and somewhat flat, with high cheek-bones, a small nose, a large mouth with broad lips, and black eyes with angular orbits. The children and young people of both sexes are often really handsome in face and graceful11 in figure, but as they advance in age their features become hard, and frequently present a repulsive12 appearance.
Like most nations in a rude state of society, they are in the habit of permanently13 disfiguring parts of the body under the idea of ornament14. Considering blackness a becoming colour for the teeth—for dogs, they say, have them white—they file the enamel15 so that the bone may be tinged16 by the juice of the pungent17 betel, which, wrapped round the nut of the areca palm, and mixed with lime, they are in the habit of chewing from morning till night. This combination, besides discolouring the teeth, has the disgusting property of dyeing the saliva18 of so deep a red that the lips and gums appear as if coloured with blood; yet it is in universal use throughout the whole Indian Archipelago, and, as excuses are never failing to justify19 bad habits, is said to have tonic20 effects and to promote digestion21.
The Malays are not a demonstrative people; their behaviour towards strangers is marked by a reserve, a distrust, or even a timidity which inclines the observer to tax with exaggeration the wild and bloodthirsty character which is generally ascribed to their race. The feelings of astonishment23, admiration24, and fear are never openly expressed, and their slow and considerate speech shows how careful they are not to give offence.
To indulge in a joke is quite contrary to their natural disposition25, and they deeply feel, and are ever ready to resent, a breach26 of etiquette27 or a personal affront28. The higher classes are extremely polite, and have all the quiet manners and dignity of the best educated Europeans. But this external polish is united with a reckless cruelty and contempt for human life which forms the dark side of their character. Hence it is not to be wondered at that different authors give us such totally contradictory29 accounts of them.
An old traveller, Nicolo Conti, who wrote in 1430, says that ‘the inhabitants of Java and Sumatra surpass all other people in cruelty,’ while Drake praises their love of truth and justice.255 Mr. Crawfurd describes the Javanese as a peaceable and industrious30 people, but Barbosa, who visited Malacca about the year 1660, informs us that they are extremely cunning and great cheats; that they seldom speak the truth, and are ever ready for a villanous deed.
Their intelligence seems to be incapable31 of any higher flight. They comprehend nothing which goes beyond the simplest combination of ideas, and have little taste and energy to obtain an increase of knowledge. The civilisation32 they possess shows no traces of original growth, but is entirely33 confined to those nations or states which have adopted the Mahometan religion, or in still earlier times received their culture from India.
It must, however, be remarked in their favour that the curse both of domestic tyranny and of a foreign yoke34 weighs heavily upon them, and that the extension of European domination in the Indian Ocean has been as fatal to their race as it has been in America and Africa to the Red-skin and the Negro.
‘The first voyagers from the west,’ says Rajah Brooke, ‘found the natives rich and powerful, with strong established governments, a flourishing literature, and a thriving trade with all parts of the eastern world. The rapacious35 European has reduced them to their present abject36 condition. Their governments have been broken up; the old states decomposed37 by treachery, by bribery38, and intrigue39; their possessions wrested40 from them under flimsy pretences41, their trade restricted, their vices42 encouraged, and their virtues44 repressed.’
‘Among the Malays of the present day,’ says Newbold, ‘we look in vain for that desire of knowledge which excited their ancestors to transplant the flowers of Arabian literature among their own forests. Works of science are now no longer translated from the Arabic, and creations of the imagination have almost ceased to appear. The few children educated among them learn nothing but to mumble45 in an unknown tongue a few passages from the Koran, entirely neglecting arithmetic and the acquirement of any useful manual art or employment. Painting, sculpture, architecture, mechanics, geography, are totally unknown to the Malays. Their literature declined with the fall of their empire in the Archipelago, nor could it256 well be expected to flourish under the Upas trees of Portuguese46 intolerance, Dutch oppression, and British apathy47.’
Essentially48 maritime in their tastes, the Malays have been named the Phœnicians of the East; but not satisfied with the peaceful pursuits of the fisherman or the merchant, many of them infest49 the Indian Ocean as merciless pirates.
Encouraged by the weakness and distraction50 of the old-established Malay governments, the facilities offered by natural situation, and the total absence of all restraint from European nations, except now and then the destruction of some mud fort or bamboo-village, which is soon rebuilt, the Illanuns, the Balagnini, and other sea-robbing tribes, issue forth51 like beasts of prey52, enslave or murder the inhabitants on the coasts or at the entrance of rivers, and attack ill-armed or stranded53 European vessels54.
The Illanuns of Mindanao are particularly noted56 for their daring and long-protracted piratical excursions, which they undertake in large junks with sails, netting, and heavy guns. On one occasion the ‘Rajah Brooke’ met eighteen Illanun boats on neutral ground, and learned from their two chiefs that they had been two years absent from home; and from the Papuan slaves on board it was evident that their cruise had extended from the most eastern islands of the Archipelago to the north-western coast of Borneo.
The Balagnini inhabit a cluster of small islands in the vicinity of Sooloo, where they probably find encouragement and a slave market. They cruise in large prahus, and to each of these a fleet boat or ‘sampan’ is attached, which on occasion can carry from ten to fifteen men. They seldom have large guns like the Illanuns, but, in addition to their other arms, brass57 pieces, carrying from a one- to a three-pound ball. They use long poles with barbed iron points, with which, during an engagement or flight, they hook their prey. By means of their sampans they are able to capture all small boats; and it is a favourite device with them to disguise one or two men, whilst the rest lie concealed58 in the bottom of the boat, and thus to surprise prahus at sea, and fishermen or others at the mouths of rivers. Their cruising grounds are very extensive; they frequently make the circuit of Borneo; Gillolo and the Moluccas lie within their range, and it is probable that Papua is257 occasionally visited by them. The Borneans, from being so harassed59 by these freebooters, who yearly take a considerable number of this unwarlike people into slavery, call the easterly monsoon60 ‘the pirate wind.’ Their own native governments are probably without exception participators in or victims to piracy, and in many cases both—purchasing from one set of pirates and enslaved and plundered61 by another; and whilst their dependencies are abandoned, the unprotected trade goes to ruin. Thus piracy rests like a blighting62 curse upon lands pre-eminently blessed by Nature, and proves as ruinous to the welfare of the Eastern Archipelago as the black stain of the African slave trade to that of the Negroes.
The Malays are inveterate63 gamblers, and, perhaps for want of some nobler object on which to expend64 their mental energies, carry the mania65 of betting at cock-fights to a ruinous excess. Passionately66 addicted67 to this favourite amusement, they will lose all their property on a favourite bird, and having lost that, stake their families, and after the loss of wife and children, their own personal liberty, being prepared to serve as slaves in case of losing. Whole poems are devoted68 to enthusiastic descriptions of cock-fighting, which is regulated by universally acknowledged laws as minute as those of the Hoyleian Code.
The birds are not trimmed as in England, but fight in full feather, armed with straight or curved artificial spurs, sharp as razors and about two and a half inches long. Large gashes69 are inflicted70 by these murderous instruments, and it rarely happens that both cocks survive the battle. One spur only is used, and is generally fastened near the natural spur on the inside of the left leg. Cocks of the same colour are seldom matched. The weight is adjusted by the setters-to, passing them to and from each other’s hands as they sit facing each other in the cock-pit. Should there be any difference, it is brought down to an equality by the spur being fixed71 so many scales higher on the leg of the heavier cock, or as deemed fair by both parties. In adjusting these preliminaries the professional skill of the setters-to is called into action, and much time is taken up in grave deliberation, which often terminates in wrangling72. The birds, after various methods of irritating them have been practised, are then set to. During the continuance of the battle the excitement and interest taken by the gambling spectators in258 the barbarous exhibition is vividly73 depicted74 in their animated75 looks and gestures.
The Malays who are not slaves go always armed; they would think themselves disgraced if they went abroad without their crees or poniards, which, to render them more formidable, are often steeped in poison. These weapons, which thus afford them the ready means for avenging76 an affront, are probably the chief cause which renders their outward deportment to each other remarkably77 punctilious78 and courteous79, but they sometimes become highly dangerous in the hands of a people whose nervous temperament80 is liable to sudden explosions of frantic81 rage. Like the old Berserks of the heroic ages of Scandinavia, a Malay is capable of so far working himself into fury, of so far yielding to some spontaneous impulse, or of so far exciting himself by stimulants82, as to become totally regardless of what danger he exposes himself to. In this state, which is called ‘running a-muck,’ he rushes forth as an infuriated animal and attacks all who fall in his way, until he is either struck down like a wild beast, or having expended83 his morbid84 rage he falls down exhausted85.
The Malays are bad agriculturists and artisans but excellent sportsmen. From the small birds which they entangle86 in their snares87 to the large animals of the forest, which they shoot or entrap88 in pit-falls, or destroy by spring-guns, nothing worth catching89 escapes their attention. Such is their delight in fishing, that even women and children may be seen in numbers during the rains angling in the swampy90 rice grounds. Spearing excursions against the swordfish are undertaken during the dark of the moon by the light of torches. A good eye, a steady hand are necessary, and a perfect knowledge of the places where the fish are to be found. Each canoe carries a steersman, a man with a long pole to propel the vessel55, and a spearsman, who, armed with a long slender javelin91 having a head composed of the sharpened spikes92 of the Nibong palm, and holding in his left hand a large blazing torch, takes his station at the stern of the canoe. They thus glide93 slowly and noiselessly over the still surface of the clear water, till the rays of the flambeau either attract the prey to the surface or discover it lying seemingly asleep at a little depth below. The sudden splash of the swiftly descending94 spear is heard, and the fish is the next moment seen glittering in the air, either transfixed259 by the spikes or caught in the interstices as the weapon is withdrawn95.
As a natural consequence of their extreme ignorance, the Malays, even the best educated, are inordinately96 superstitious97, and people the invisible world with a host of malignant98 spirits. The Pamburk roams the forest, like the wild huntsman of the Haruz, with demon22 dogs, and the storm fiend Hantu Ribut howls in the blast and revels99 in the whirlwind. Tigers are considered in many instances to be the receptacles of the souls of departed human beings, and they believe that some men have the faculty100 of transforming themselves at pleasure into tigers, and that others enjoy the privilege of invulnerability. They rely firmly on the efficacy of charms, spells, amulets101, talismans102, lucky and unlucky moments, magic, and judicial103 astrology. To pull down or repair a seriously damaged house is considered unlucky, so that whenever a Malay has occasion to build a new house he leaves the old one standing104.
While the coasts of Borneo and Sumatra are occupied by the more civilised Mahometan Malays, the interior of these vast islands is inhabited by nations, probably of the same race, who, secluded105 from the rest of the world, exhibit in their customs a strange and almost incredible mixture of good and evil, of humane106 tendencies and diabolical107 barbarism.
Thus the Battas, who next to the Malays are the most numerous people of Sumatra, have the same polite and ceremonious manner, they possess an ancient code of law, they write books, and are fond of music, they build commodious108 houses, which they ornament with tasteful carvings109, they wear handsome tissues and know the art of smelting110 and amalgamating111 metals; they are extremely good-natured, and yet they not only eat human flesh, but eat it under circumstances of unexampled atrocity112.
According to their own traditions, their ancestors knew nothing of this horrid113 practice, which was first instigated114 by the demon of war about the year 1630, and from being originally an act of vengeance115 or fury, became at length one of their institutions in times of peace, and is now legally sanctioned as a punishment for certain heavy crimes. In some cases the delinquent116 is first killed and then eaten, in others he is eaten alive, an aggravated117 punishment which, however, is only reserved for traitors118, spies, and enemies seized arms in260 hand. Before the day appointed for execution, messengers are sent to all friends and allies, and preparations made as for a great festival. The victim, tied to a stake, awaits his horrible fate, while the air resounds119 with music and the clamour of hundreds of spectators. The rajah of the village steps forward, draws his knife, addresses the assembly, relates the crimes which justify the sentence, and says that now the moment is come for punishing the doomed120 wretch121, whom he describes as a hellish scoundrel, as a Satan in a human form. At these words the actors in the shocking drama about to be performed feel, as they say, an invincible122 longing123 to swallow a piece of the villain’s flesh, as they then feel sure that he can do them no further harm, and impatiently brandish124 their knives.
The rajah or the injured person, such is his privilege, now cuts off the first piece of flesh, which he generally selects from the inner side of the forearm (this being esteemed125 the most delicate morsel), or from the cheek when sufficiently126 fat, holds it up triumphantly127, and tastes some of the flowing blood, his eyes at the same time sparkling with delight. He then hurries to one of the fires that have been kindled128 close by to broil129 his piece of meat before swallowing it, while the whole troop falls upon the miserable130 wretch, who, hacked131 to pieces, and bleeding from a hundred wounds, in a few moments expires. The avidity with which they devour132 his quivering flesh, untouched by his shrieks133 and supplications, is the more to be wondered at as in other cases they show themselves susceptible134 of a tender pity for the sufferings of others. As if scenes like these were not sufficiently horrible, it has even been affirmed that the Battas eat their aged43 parents alive, but we hardly need the authority of Dr. Junghuhn, who, during a residence of two years among the Battas, only heard of three cases of public cannibalism, that this report has no foundation in truth. So much, however, is certain, that this singular people have a great liking135 for human flesh, and in all cases where a simple execution takes place seize the opportunity of quietly carrying home some favourite joint136.
The Battas have no priests, no temples, no idols137.23 They believe in a number of evil spirits, or Begus, who have their seat in the various diseases of the human body, and in a few261 good spirits, or Sumongot, the immortal138 souls of great forefathers139, who reside on the high mountain tops. The souls only of such persons as die of a violent death ascend140 into the invisible land of immortality141, and this may be some consolation142 to the poor wretches143 whom they horribly cut up at their cannibal feasts, while all persons dying of illness are considered as having fallen into the power of the Begus, and as totally annihilated144. They have no idea of a Supreme145 Being, and their only religious ceremony, if such it may be called, is that on festival occasions they scatter8 rice to the four quarters of the wind, in order to propitiate146 the Begus.
In consequence of the general state of anarchy147 in which their unfortunate country is plunged148, they live in small fortified149 villages, surrounded by palisades and deep ditches so as to leave but two gates for a passage.
As in the feudal150 times, eminences151 strong by nature are frequently selected for the sites of these settlements, where the Batta, though removed from the more fruitful plains, cultivates his small field of mountain rice in greater security. In some districts, where hostile invasions are less to be feared, he possesses, besides his village residence, a detached hut in a forest clearance153 near some river navigable by canoes. To be out of the reach of wild animals or inundations, these huts are frequently built on trees whose central branches have been lopped off, while the outer ones have been left standing, so as to afford a grateful shade to the little aërial dwelling154.
From this eminence152, which the proprietor155 reaches by a ladder from twenty-five to thirty feet high, he looks down complacently156 upon his paddy field below, and as he is no sportsman, the undisturbed denizens157 of the forest afford him many a pastime. Monkeys gambol158 without fear on the trees around him; long-tailed squirrels leap from bough159 to bough; elephants bathe in the river; lemurs and fox-bats fly about in the evening; stags feed in the thicket160 beneath; and the only enemy he seeks to destroy is the Leguan lizard161, who, intent on plundering162 his hen-roost, lies concealed among the reeds on the river’s bank.
The Battas, having frequently suffered by foreign invasions, suspect all strangers of evil intentions, and desire to be as little as possible disturbed by their visits. For this reason, as well262 as for additional security against hostile incursions, they have no roads nor bridges, and as the villages are generally many miles apart and separated from each other by jungles or woods, this total want of the means of communication presents an almost insuperable obstacle to the traveller. Their distrust of strangers extends even to the members of their own nation, so that Battas of one province cannot enter another without running the risk of being seized as spies and eaten alive.
While two of the great events of human life—birth and marriage—pass almost unnoticed among the Battas, the third and last act of this ‘strange eventful history’ gives rise to ceremonies which one would hardly expect to meet with among a nation of cannibals. When the rajah of a large village dies, his body is kept so long in the house, until the rice which is sown on the day of his death by his son or his brother comes to maturity164. When the rice is about to ripen165, a buffalo166 is killed, and its bones sent round to all friends and relations among the rajahs of the neighbourhood as an invitation to the burial, which is to take place on the tenth day after the reception of these strange missives. Every rajah who accepts the invitation is obliged to bring with him a buffalo. The coffin167 is placed on a bier before the house, and on the arrival of the guests their buffaloes168 are tied to strong poles close by. The wives, sons, and other near relations of the deceased, now walk seven times with loud lamentations round the buffaloes, after which the oldest or first wife breaks a pot of boiled rice grown from the seed sown on the dying day on the forehead of one of the buffaloes. This is the signal for a frantic explosion of grief among the mourning women, whose piercing cries are accompanied by the incessant169 beating of drums and brass kettles in the house. After this lugubrious170 scene, which soon terminates with the real or feigned171 exhaustion172 of the actors, each of the rajahs now in his turn walks seven times round the buffalo which he brought with him, and kills it with a stroke of his lance. The coffin is then removed to the burial-place, and placed on the side of the open grave, amid the profound silence of the assembly. Its lid is opened, and the eldest173 son of the deceased, stepping forward, looks at the corpse174, the face of which is turned towards the sun, and, raising his hand to the sky, says, ‘Now, father, thou seest for the last time the sun, which thou wilt175 never see again.’ After this short263 but affecting allocution the lid is closed and the coffin lowered into the grave, upon which the company returns to the village, where meantime the slaughtered176 buffaloes have been made ready for the funeral feast. Their horns, skulls177, and jaw-bones, fastened to stakes, are placed as ornaments178 round the grave, which has no other monument or inscription179. On each of the two following days some food is carried to it, a welcome treat for the dogs, and then it is consigned180 to the neglect which is the ultimate fate of all.
The mystical sowing of rice, and the touching181 words spoken at the grave, prove that the Battas, though without any fixed religious worship, have still religious feelings, and may serve to confirm the truth of the remark, that there is no nation, however barbarous, which does not show at least some traces of a belief in the Divinity, and reveal, however obscurely, that man has been born for something higher than a mere182 animal existence.
Among the Dyaks, a name indiscriminately applied183 to all the wild people on the island of Borneo, we find no less revolting customs than among the Battas of Sumatra. They are hunters of their kind, not merely for the sake of an unnatural184 feast, but simply for the sake of collecting heads. Skulls are the commonest ornaments of a Dyak house, and the possession of them is the best token of manly185 courage. A Dyak youth is despised by all the maidens186 of his village as long as he has not cut off the head of an enemy or waylaid187 a stranger; returning from a successful chase with one of these ghastly trophies188, he is welcomed as a hero. The head is stuck upon a pole, and old and young dance around it, singing and beating gongs. Murder of the most revolting atrocity, which anywhere else would make its perpetrator be considered the enemy of his kind, is thus by a horrible perversity189 one of the elements of courtship. The same atrocious custom is found among the Harafuras of Celebes, the Nias Islanders, and some other Malay nations of the Indian Archipelago. When the Harafuras go to war, they first steal some heads, boil them, and drink the broth163 to render themselves invulnerable.
The Minkokas of Celebes limit the custom of taking heads to funeral or festive190 occasions, more especially on the death of their rajah or chief. When this occurs they sally forth, with a264 white band across their forehead to notify their object, and destroy alike their enemies and strangers. From twenty to forty heads, according to the rank of the deceased rajah, being procured191, buffaloes are killed, rice boiled, and a solemn funeral feast is held, and, whatever time may elapse, the body is not previously192 buried. The heads, on being cleaned, are hung up in the houses of the three principal persons of the tribe, and regarded with great veneration193 and respect.
The national weapon of the Dyaks, though not in use among all their tribes, is the Sumpitan, a blow-pipe about five feet long, with an arrow made of wood, thin, light, sharp-pointed, and dipped in the poison of the upas tree. As this is fugacious, the points are generally dipped afresh when wanted. For about twenty yards the aim is so true that no two arrows shot at the same mark will be above an inch or two apart. On a calm day the utmost range may be a hundred yards. Though impregnated with a poison less deadly than the Wourali of the American Indians, yet the shafts194 of the sumpitan are formidable weapons from the frequency with which they can be discharged, and the skill of those who use them. The arrows are contained in a bamboo case, hung at the side, and at the bottom of this quiver is the poison of the upas. When they face an enemy the box at the side is open, and, whether advancing or retreating, they fire the poisoned missiles with great precision.
The style of building of the Dyaks is very peculiar195; most of their villages consisting of a single house, in which from fifteen to twenty families live together, in separate compartments196.
The floor of these long buildings, which are thatched with palm leaves, rests on piles about six or ten feet from the ground, and the simple furniture consists of some mats, baskets, and a few knives, pots, a very primitive197 loom198, and some dried heads by way of ornament.
Though habitual199 assassins from ignorance and superstitious motives200, the Dyaks are said to be of a mild, good-natured, and by no means bloodthirsty character. They are hospitable201 when well used, grateful for kindness, industrious and honest, and so truthful202 that the word of one of them might safely be taken before the oath of half-a-dozen civilised Malays.
The celebrated203 traveller, Mrs. Ida Pfeiffer, who had the265 courage to wander among the Dyaks, and the good fortune to return with her head on her shoulders, speaks highly of their patriarchal life, the love they have for their children, and the respectful conduct of the children towards their parents.
As to their personal appearance, she affirms that, though some authors describe them as fine men, they are only a little less ugly than the Malays.
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1
maritime
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| adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的 | |
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2
piracy
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| n.海盗行为，剽窃，著作权侵害 | |
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gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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cannibalism
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| n.同类相食；吃人肉 | |
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apathetic
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| adj.冷漠的，无动于衷的 | |
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6
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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7
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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8
scatter
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| vt.撒，驱散，散开；散布/播；vi.分散，消散 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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repulsive
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| adj.排斥的，使人反感的 | |
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13
permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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14
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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enamel
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| n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质 | |
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tinged
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| v.（使）发丁丁声( ting的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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pungent
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| adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的 | |
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saliva
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| n.唾液，口水 | |
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justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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tonic
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| n./adj.滋补品，补药，强身的，健体的 | |
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digestion
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| n.消化，吸收 | |
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demon
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| n.魔鬼，恶魔 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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contradictory
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| adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立 | |
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industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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32
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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33
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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34
yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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35
rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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36
abject
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| adj.极可怜的，卑屈的 | |
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37
decomposed
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| 已分解的，已腐烂的 | |
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38
bribery
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| n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿 | |
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39
intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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40
wrested
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| （用力）拧( wrest的过去式和过去分词 )； 费力取得； （从…）攫取； （ 从… ） 强行取去… | |
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41
pretences
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| n.假装( pretence的名词复数 )；作假；自命；自称 | |
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42
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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43
aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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44
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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45
mumble
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| n./v.喃喃而语，咕哝 | |
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46
Portuguese
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| n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语 | |
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47
apathy
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| n.漠不关心，无动于衷；冷淡 | |
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48
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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49
infest
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| v.大批出没于；侵扰；寄生于 | |
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50
distraction
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| n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐 | |
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51
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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52
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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53
stranded
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| a.搁浅的，进退两难的 | |
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54
vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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55
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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56
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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57
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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58
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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59
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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60
monsoon
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| n.季雨，季风，大雨 | |
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61
plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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62
blighting
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| 使凋萎( blight的现在分词 )； 使颓丧； 损害； 妨害 | |
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63
inveterate
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| adj.积习已深的，根深蒂固的 | |
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64
expend
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| vt.花费，消费，消耗 | |
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65
mania
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| n.疯狂；躁狂症，狂热，癖好 | |
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66
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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67
addicted
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| adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的 | |
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68
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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69
gashes
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| n.深长的切口（或伤口）( gash的名词复数 )v.划伤，割破( gash的第三人称单数 ) | |
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70
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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72
wrangling
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| v.争吵，争论，口角( wrangle的现在分词 ) | |
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73
vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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74
depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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75
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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76
avenging
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| adj.报仇的，复仇的v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的现在分词 )；为…报复 | |
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77
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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78
punctilious
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| adj.谨慎的，谨小慎微的 | |
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79
courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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80
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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81
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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82
stimulants
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| n.兴奋剂( stimulant的名词复数 )；含兴奋剂的饮料；刺激物；激励物 | |
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83
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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84
morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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85
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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86
entangle
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| vt.缠住，套住；卷入，连累 | |
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87
snares
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| n.陷阱( snare的名词复数 )；圈套；诱人遭受失败（丢脸、损失等）的东西；诱惑物v.用罗网捕捉，诱陷，陷害( snare的第三人称单数 ) | |
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88
entrap
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| v.以网或陷阱捕捉，使陷入圈套 | |
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89
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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90
swampy
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| adj.沼泽的，湿地的 | |
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91
javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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92
spikes
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| n.穗( spike的名词复数 )；跑鞋；（防滑）鞋钉；尖状物v.加烈酒于( spike的第三人称单数 )；偷偷地给某人的饮料加入（更多）酒精（ 或药物）；把尖状物钉入；打乱某人的计划 | |
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93
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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94
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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95
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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96
inordinately
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| adv.无度地，非常地 | |
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97
superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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98
malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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99
revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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100
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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101
amulets
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| n.护身符( amulet的名词复数 ) | |
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102
talismans
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| n.护身符( talisman的名词复数 )；驱邪物；有不可思议的力量之物；法宝 | |
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103
judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 | |
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104
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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105
secluded
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|
| adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词) | |
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106
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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107
diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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108
commodious
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| adj.宽敞的；使用方便的 | |
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109
carvings
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| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物 | |
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110
smelting
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| n.熔炼v.熔炼，提炼（矿石）( smelt的现在分词 ) | |
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111
amalgamating
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| v.（使）（金属）汞齐化( amalgamate的现在分词 )；（使）合并；联合；结合 | |
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112
atrocity
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| n.残暴，暴行 | |
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113
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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114
instigated
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| v.使（某事物）开始或发生，鼓动( instigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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115
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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116
delinquent
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| adj.犯法的，有过失的；n.违法者 | |
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117
aggravated
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| 使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火 | |
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118
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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119
resounds
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| v.（指声音等）回荡于某处( resound的第三人称单数 )；产生回响；（指某处）回荡着声音 | |
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120
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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121
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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122
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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123
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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124
brandish
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| v.挥舞，挥动；n.挥动，挥舞 | |
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125
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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126
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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127
triumphantly
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| ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地 | |
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128
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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129
broil
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| v.烤，烧，争吵，怒骂；n.烤，烧，争吵，怒骂 | |
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130
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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131
hacked
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| 生气 | |
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132
devour
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| v.吞没；贪婪地注视或谛听，贪读；使着迷 | |
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133
shrieks
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| n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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134
susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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135
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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136
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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137
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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138
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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139
forefathers
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| n.祖先，先人；祖先，祖宗( forefather的名词复数 )；列祖列宗；前人 | |
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140
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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141
immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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142
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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143
wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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144
annihilated
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| v.（彻底）消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 )；使无效；废止；彻底击溃 | |
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145
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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146
propitiate
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| v.慰解，劝解 | |
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147
anarchy
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| n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序 | |
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148
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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149
fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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150
feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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151
eminences
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| 卓越( eminence的名词复数 )； 著名； 高地； 山丘 | |
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152
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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153
clearance
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| n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理 | |
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154
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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complacently
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| adv. 满足地, 自满地, 沾沾自喜地 | |
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denizens
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| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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gambol
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| v.欢呼，雀跃 | |
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bough
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| n.大树枝，主枝 | |
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thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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lizard
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| n.蜥蜴，壁虎 | |
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plundering
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的现在分词 ) | |
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broth
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| n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等) | |
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maturity
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| n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期 | |
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ripen
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| vt.使成熟；vi.成熟 | |
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buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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buffaloes
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| n.水牛（分非洲水牛和亚洲水牛两种）( buffalo的名词复数 )；（南非或北美的）野牛；威胁；恐吓 | |
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incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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lugubrious
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| adj.悲哀的，忧郁的 | |
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feigned
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| a.假装的，不真诚的 | |
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exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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175
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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skulls
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| 颅骨( skull的名词复数 )； 脑袋； 脑子； 脑瓜 | |
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ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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185
manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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waylaid
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| v.拦截，拦路( waylay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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188
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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perversity
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| n.任性；刚愎自用 | |
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festive
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| adj.欢宴的，节日的 | |
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191
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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193
veneration
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| n.尊敬，崇拜 | |
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194
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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195
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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compartments
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| n.间隔( compartment的名词复数 )；（列车车厢的）隔间；（家具或设备等的）分隔间；隔层 | |
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197
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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198
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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200
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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201
hospitable
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| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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202
truthful
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| adj.真实的，说实话的，诚实的 | |
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203
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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