§ 1
While this unhappy conversation was occurring at Sundering1-on-Sea, three men were discussing the case of Mr. Huss very earnestly over a meatless but abundant lunch in the bow window of a club that gives upon the trees and sunshine of Carlton Gardens. Lobster2 salad engaged them, and the ice in the jug3 of hock cup clinked very pleasantly as they replenished4 their glasses.
The host was Sir Eliphaz Burrows5, the patentee and manufacturer of those Temanite building blocks which have not only revolutionized the construction of army hutments, but put the whole problem of industrial and rural housing upon an altogether new footing; his guests were Mr. William Dad, formerly7 the maker8 of the celebrated9 Dad and Showhite car de luxe, and now one of the chief contractors11 for aeroplanes 40in England; and Mr. Joseph Farr, the head of the technical section of Woldingstanton School. Both the former gentlemen were governors of that foundation and now immensely rich, and Sir Eliphaz had once been a pupil of the father of Mr. Huss and had played a large part in the appointment of the latter to Woldingstanton. He was a slender old man, with an avid12 vulturine head poised13 on a long red neck, and he had an abundance of parti-coloured hair, red and white, springing from a circle round the crown of his head, from his eyebrows14, his face generally, and the backs of his hands. He wore a blue soft shirt with a turn-down collar within a roomy blue serge suit, and that and something about his large loose black tie suggested scholarship and refinement15. His manners were elaborately courteous16. Mr. Dad was a compacter, keener type, warily17 alert in his bearing, an industrial fox-terrier from the Midlands, silver-haired and dressed in ordinary morning dress except for a tan vest with a bright brown ribbon border. Mr. Farr was big in a grey flannel18 Norfolk suit; he had a large, round, white, shiny, clean-shaven face and uneasy hands, and it was apparent that he carried pocket-books and suchlike luggage in his breast pocket.
They consumed the lobster appreciatively, 41and approached in a fragmentary and tentative manner the business that had assembled them: namely, the misfortunes that had overwhelmed Mr. Huss and their bearing upon the future of the school.
“For my part I don’t think there is such a thing as misfortune,” said Mr. Dad. “I don’t hold with it. Miscalculation if you like.”
“In a sense,” said Mr. Farr ambiguously, glancing at Sir Eliphaz.
“If a man keeps his head screwed on the right way,” said Mr. Dad, and attacked a claw with hope and appetite. Mr. Dad affected19 the parsimony20 of unfinished sentences.
“I can’t help thinking,” said Sir Eliphaz, putting down his glass and wiping his moustache and eyebrows with care before resuming his lobster, “that a man who entrusts21 his affairs to a solicitor22, after the fashion of the widow and orphan23, must be singularly lacking in judgment24. Or reckless. Never in the whole course of my life have I met a solicitor who could invest money safely and profitably. Clergymen I have known, women of all sorts, savages26, monomaniacs, criminals, but never solicitors27.”
“I have known some smart business parsons,” said Mr. Dad judicially28. “One in particular. Sharp as nails. They are a much underestimated class.”
42“Perhaps it is natural that a solicitor should be a wild investor,” Sir Eliphaz pursued his subject. “He lives out of the ordinary world in a dirty little office in some antiquated29 inn, his office fittings are fifty years out of date, his habitual30 scenery consists of tin boxes painted with the names of dead and disreputable clients; he has to take the law courts, filled with horseboxes and men dressed up in gowns and horsehair wigs31, quite seriously; nobody ever goes near him but abnormal people or people in abnormal states: people upset by jealousy32, people upset by fear, blackmailed33 people, cheats trying to dodge34 the law, lunatics, litigants35 and legatees. The only investments he ever discusses are queer investments. Naturally he loses all sense of proportion. Naturally he becomes insanely suspicious; and when a client asks for positive action he flounders and gambles.”
“Naturally,” said Mr. Dad. “And here we find poor Huss giving all his business over—”
“Exactly,” said Sir Eliphaz, and filled his glass.
“There’s been a great change in him in the last two years,” said Mr. Farr. “He let the war worry him for one thing.”
“No good doing that,” said Mr. Dad.
“And even before the war,” Sir Eliphaz.
43“Even before the war,” said Mr. Farr, in a pause.
“There was a change,” said Sir Eliphaz. “He had been bitten by educational theories.”
“No business for a headmaster,” said Mr. Farr.
“Our intention had always been a great scientific and technical school,” said Sir Eliphaz. “He introduced Logic36 into the teaching of plain English—against my opinion. He encouraged some of the boys to read philosophy.”
“All he could,” said Mr. Farr.
“I never held with his fad37 for teaching history,” said Mr. Dad. “He was history mad. It got worse and worse. What’s history after all? At the best, it’s over and done with.... But he wouldn’t argue upon it—not reasonably. He was—overbearing. He had a way of looking at you.... It was never our intention to make Woldingstanton into a school of history.”
“And now, Mr. Farr,” said Sir Eliphaz, “what are the particulars of the fire?”
“It isn’t for me to criticize,” said Mr. Farr.
“What I say,” said Mr. Dad, projecting his muzzle38 with an appearance of great determination, “is, fix responsibility. Fix responsibility. Here is a door locked that common sense dictated40 44should be open. Who was responsible?”
“No one in School House seems to have been especially responsible for that door so far as I can ascertain,” said Mr. Farr.
“All responsibility,” said Mr. Dad, with an expression of peevish41 insistence42, as though Mr. Farr had annoyed him, “all responsibility that is not delegated rests with the Head. That’s a hard and fast and primary rule of business organization. In my factory I say quite plainly to everyone who comes into it, man or woman, chick or child....”
Mr. Dad was still explaining in a series of imaginary dialogues, tersely43 but dramatically, his methods of delegating authority, when Sir Eliphaz cut across the flow with, “Returning to Mr. Huss for a moment....”
The point that Sir Eliphaz wanted to get at was whether Mr. Huss expected to continue headmaster at Woldingstanton. From some chance phrase in a letter Sir Eliphaz rather gathered that he did.
“Well,” said Mr. Farr portentously44, letting the thing hang for a moment, “he does.”
“Tcha!” said Mr. Dad, and shut his mouth tightly and waved his head slowly from side to side with knitted brows as if he had bitten his tongue.
45“I would be the first to recognize the splendid work he did for the school in his opening years,” said Mr. Farr. “I would be the last to alter the broad lines of the work as he set it out. Barring that I should replace a certain amount of the biological teaching and practically all this new history stuff by chemistry and physics. But one has to admit that Mr. Huss did not know when to relinquish45 power nor when to devolve responsibility. We, all of us, the entire staff—it is no mere46 personal grievance47 of mine—were kept, well, to say the least of it, in tutelage. Rather than let authority go definitely out of his hands, he would allow things to drift. Witness that door, witness the business of the nurse.”
Mr. Dad, with his lips compressed, nodded his head; each nod like the tap of a hammer.
“I never believed in all this overdoing48 history in the school,” Mr. Dad remarked rather disconnectedly. “If you get rid of Latin and Greek, why bring it all back again in another form? Why, I’m told he taught ’em things about Assyria. Assyria! A modern school ought to be a modern school—business first and business last and business all the time. And teach boys to work. We shall need it, mark my words.”
46“A certain amount of modern culture,” waved Sir Eliphaz.
“Modern,” said Mr. Farr softly.
Mr. Dad grunted49. “In my opinion that sort of thing gives the boys ideas.”
Mr. Farr steered50 his way discreetly51. “Science with a due regard to its technical applications should certainly be the substantial part of a modern education.”...
They were in the smoking-room and half way through three princely cigars before they got beyond such fragmentary detractions of the fallen headmaster. Then Mr. Dad in the clear-cut style of a business man, brought his companions to action. “Well,” said Mr. Dad, turning abruptly52 upon Sir Eliphaz, “what about it?”
“It is manifest that Woldingstanton has to enter on a new phase; what has happened brings us to the parting of the ways,” said Sir Eliphaz. “Much as I regret the misfortunes of an old friend.”
“That,” said Mr. Dad, “spells Farr.”
“If he will shoulder the burthen,” said Sir Eliphaz, smiling upon Mr. Farr not so much with his mouth as by the most engaging convolutions, curvatures and waving about of his various strands53 of hair.
47“I don’t want to see the school go down,” said Mr. Farr. “I’ve given it a good slice of my life.”
“Right,” said Mr. Dad. “Right. File that. That suits us. And now how do we set about the affair? The next thing, I take it, is to break it to Huss.... How?”
He paused to give the ideas of his companions a fair chance.
“Well, my idea is this. None of us want to be hard on Mr. Huss. Luck has been hard enough as it is. We want to do this job as gently as we can. It happens that I go and play golf at Sundering-on-Sea ever and again. Excellent links, well kept up all things considered, and the big hotel close by does you wonderfully, the railway company sees to that; in spite of the war. Well, why shouldn’t we all, if Sir Eliphaz’s engagements permit, go down there in a sort of casual way, and take the opportunity of a good clear talk with him and settle it all up? The thing’s got to be done, and it seems to me altogether more kindly55 to go there personally and put it to him than do it by correspondence. Very likely we could put it to him in such a way that he himself would suggest the very arrangement we want. You particularly, Sir Eliphaz, being as you say an old friend.”...
48
§ 2
Since there was little likelihood of Mr. Huss going away from Sundering-on-Sea, it did not appear necessary to Mr. Dad to apprise56 him of the projected visitation. And so these three gentlemen heard nothing about any operation for cancer until they reached that resort.
Mr. Dad came down early on Friday afternoon to the Golf Hotel, where he had already engaged rooms for the party. He needed the relaxation57 of the links very badly, the task of accumulating a balance sufficiently58 large to secure an opulent future for British industry, with which Mr. Dad in his straightforward59 way identified himself, was one that in a controlled establishment between the Scylla of aggressive labour and the Charybdis of the war-profits tax, strained his mind to the utmost. He was joined by Mr. Farr at dinner-time, and Sir Eliphaz, who was detained in London by some negotiations61 with the American Government, arrived replete62 by the dining-car train. Mr. Farr made a preliminary reconnaissance at Sea View, and was the first to hear of the operation.
49Sir Alpheus Mengo was due at Sea View by the first morning train on Saturday. He had arranged to operate before lunch. It was clear therefore that the only time available for a conversation between the three and Mr. Huss was between breakfast and the arrival of Sir Alpheus.
Mr. Huss, whose lethargy had now departed, displayed himself feverishly63 anxious to talk about the school. “There are points I must make clear,” he said, “vital points,” and so a meeting was arranged for half-past nine. This would give a full hour before the arrival of the doctors.
“He feels that in a way it will be his testament64, so to speak,” said Mr. Farr. “Naturally he has his own ideas about the future of the school. We all have. I would be the last person to suggest that he could say anything about Woldingstanton that would not be well worth hearing. Some of us may have heard most of it before, and be better able to discount some of his assertions. But that under the present circumstances is neither here nor there.”
50
§ 3
Matters in the confined space of Sea View were not nearly so strained as Mr. Huss had feared. The prospect65 of an operation was not without its agreeable side to Mrs. Croome. Possibly she would have preferred that the subject should have been Mrs. rather than Mr. Huss, but it was clear that she made no claim to dictate39 upon this point. Her demand for special fees to meet the inconveniences of the occasion had been met quite liberally by Mr. Huss. And there was a genuine appreciation66 of order and method in Mrs. Croome; she was a furious spring-cleaner, a hurricane tidier-up, her feeling for the discursive67 state of Mrs. Huss’s hair was almost as involuntary as a racial animosity; and the swift dexterous68 preparations of the nurse who presently came to convert the best bedroom to surgical69 uses, impressed her deeply. She was allowed to help. Superfluous70 hangings and furnishings were removed, everything was thoroughly71 scrubbed, at the last moment clean linen72 sheets of a wonderful hardness were 51to be spread over every exposed surface. They were to be brought in sterilized73 drums. The idea of sterilized drums fascinated her. She had never heard of such things before. She wished she could keep her own linen in a sterilized drum always, and let her lodgers75 have something else instead.
She felt she was going to be a sort of assistant priestess at a sacrifice, the sacrifice of Mr. Huss. She had always secretly feared his submissive quiet as a thing unaccountable that might at any time turn upon her; she suspected him of ironies76; and he would be helpless, under chloroform, subject to examination with no possibilities of disconcerting repartee77. She did her best to persuade Dr. Barrack that she would be useful in the room during the proceedings78. Her imagination conjured79 up a wonderful vision of the Huss interior as a great chest full of strange and interesting viscera with the lid wide open and Sir Alpheus picking thoughtfully, with deprecatory remarks, amid its contents. But that sight was denied her.
She was very helpful and cheerful on the Saturday morning, addressing herself to the consolation81 of Mr. and the bracing-up of Mrs. Huss. She assisted in the final transformation82 of the room.
52“It might be a real ’ospital,” she said. “Nursing must be nice work. I never thought of it like this before.”
Mr. Huss was no longer depressed83 but flushed and resolute84, but Mrs. Huss, wounded by the neglect of everyone—no one seemed to consider for a moment what she must be feeling—remained very much in her own room, working inefficiently85 upon the mourning that might now be doubly needed.
53
§ 4
Mr. Huss knew Mr. Farr very well. For the last ten years it had been his earnest desire to get rid of him, but he had been difficult to replace because of his real accomplishment86 in technical chemistry. In the course of their five minutes’ talk in his bedroom on Friday evening, Mr. Huss grasped the situation. Woldingstanton, his creation, his life work, was to be taken out of his hands, and in favour of this, his most soul-deadening assistant. He had been foolish no doubt, but he had never anticipated that. He had never supposed that Farr would dare.
He thought hard through that long night of Friday. His pain was no distraction87. He had his intentions very ready and clear in his mind when his three visitors arrived.
He had insisted upon getting up and dressing80 fully54.
“I can’t talk about Woldingstanton in bed,” he said. The doctor was not there to gainsay88 him.
Sir Eliphaz was the first to arrive, and Mrs. 54Huss retrieved89 him from Mrs. Croome in the passage and brought him in. He was wearing a Norfolk jacket suit of a coarse yet hairy consistency91 and of a pale sage90 green colour. He shone greatly in the eyes of Mrs. Huss. “I can’t help thinking of you, dear lady,” he said, bowing over her hand, and all his hair was for a moment sad and sympathetic like a sick Skye terrier’s. Mr. Dad and Mr. Farr entered a moment later; Mr. Farr in grey flannel trousers and a brown jacket, and Mr. Dad in a natty92 dark grey suit with a luminous93 purple waistcoat.
“My dear,” said Mr. Huss to his wife, “I must be alone with these gentlemen,” and when she seemed disposed to linger near the understanding warmth of Sir Eliphaz, he added, “Figures, my dear—Finance,” and drove her forth95....
“’Pon my honour,” said Mr. Dad, coming close up to the armchair, wrinkling his muzzle and putting through his compliments in good business-like style before coming to the harder stuff in hand; “I don’t like to see you like this, Mr. Huss.”
“Nor does Sir Eliphaz, I hope—nor Farr. Please find yourselves chairs.”
And while Mr. Farr made protesting noises and Sir Eliphaz waved his hair about before 55beginning the little speech he had prepared, Mr. Huss took the discourse96 out of their mouths and began:
“I know perfectly97 well the task you have set yourselves. You have come to make an end of me as headmaster of Woldingstanton. And Mr. Farr has very obligingly....”
He held up his white and wasted hand as Mr. Farr began to disavow.
“No,” said Mr. Huss. “But before you three gentlemen proceed with your office, I should like to tell you something of what the school and my work in it, and my work for education, is to me. I am a man of little more than fifty. A month ago I counted with a reasonable confidence upon twenty years more of work before I relaxed.... Then these misfortunes rained upon me. I have lost all my private independence; there have been these shocking deaths in the school; my son, my only son ... killed ... trouble has darkened the love and kindness of my wife ... and now my body is suffering so that my mind is like a swimmer struggling through waves of pain ... far from land.... These are heavy blows. But the hardest blow of all, harder to bear than any of these others—I do not speak rashly, gentlemen, I have thought it 56out through an endless night—the last blow will be this rejection98 of my life work. That will strike the inmost me, the heart and soul of me....”
He paused.
“You mustn’t take it quite like that, Mr. Huss,” protested Mr. Dad. “It isn’t fair to us to put it like that.”
“I want you to listen to me,” said Mr. Huss.
“Only the very kindest motives99,” continued Mr. Dad.
“Let me speak,” said Mr. Huss, with the voice of authority that had ruled Woldingstanton for five and twenty years. “I cannot wrangle100 and contradict. At most we have an hour.”
Mr. Dad made much the same sound that a dog will make when it has proposed to bark and has been told to get under the table. For a time he looked an ill-used man.
“To end my work in the school will be to end me altogether.... I do not see why I should not speak plainly to you, gentlemen, situated101 as I am here. I do not see why I should not talk to you for once in my own language. Pain and death are our interlocutors; this is a rare and raw and bleeding occasion; in an hour or so the women may be laying out my body and 57I may be silent for ever. I have hidden my religion, but why should I hide it now? To you I have always tried to seem as practical and self-seeking as possible, but in secret I have been a fanatic102; and Woldingstanton was the altar on which I offered myself to God. I have done ill and feebly there I know; I have been indolent and rash; those were my weaknesses; but I have done my best. To the limits of my strength and knowledge I have served God.... And now in this hour of darkness where is this God that I have served? Why does he not stand here between me and this last injury you would do to the work I have dedicated103 to him?”
At these words Mr. Dad turned horrified104 eyes to Mr. Farr.
But Mr. Huss went on as though talking to himself. “In the night I have looked into my heart; I have sought in my heart for base motives and secret sins. I have put myself on trial to find why God should hide himself from me now, and I can find no reason and no justification105.... In the bitterness of my heart I am tempted107 to give way to you and to tell you to take the school and to do just what you will with it.... The nearness of death makes the familiar things of experience flimsy and unreal, 58and far more real to me now is this darkness that broods over me, as blight108 will sometimes overhang the world at noon, and mocks me day and night with a perpetual challenge to curse God and die....
“Why do I not curse God and die? Why do I cling to my work when the God to whom I dedicated it is—silent? Because, I suppose, I still hope for some sign of reassurance109. Because I am not yet altogether defeated. I would go on telling you why I want Woldingstanton to continue on its present lines and why it is impossible for you, why it will be a sort of murder for you to hand it over to Farr here, if my pain were ten times what it is....”
At the mention of his name, Mr. Farr started and looked first at Mr. Dad, and then at Sir Eliphaz. “Really,” he said, “really! One might think I had conspired—”
“I am afraid, Mr. Huss,” said Sir Eliphaz, with a large reassuring110 gesture to the technical master, “that the suggestion that Mr. Farr should be your successor came in the first instance from me.”
“You must reconsider it,” said Mr. Huss, moistening his lips and staring steadfastly111 in front of him.
Here Mr. Dad broke out in a querulous voice: 59“Are you really in a state, Mr. Huss, to discuss a matter like this—feverish and suffering as you are?”
“I could not be in a better frame for this discussion,” said Mr. Huss.... “And now for what I have to say about the school:—Woldingstanton, when I came to it, was a humdrum112 school of some seventy boys, following a worn-out routine. A little Latin was taught and less Greek, chiefly in order to say that Greek was taught; some scraps113 of mathematical processes, a few rags of general knowledge, English history—not human history, mind you, but just the national brand, cut dried flowers from the past with no roots and no meaning, a smattering of French.... That was practically all; it was no sort of education, it was a mere education-like posturing115. And to-day, what has that school become?”
“We never grudged116 you money,” said Sir Eliphaz.
“Nor loyal help,” said Mr. Farr, but in a half whisper.
“I am not thinking of its visible prosperity. The houses and laboratories and museums that have grown about that nucleus118 are nothing in themselves. The reality of a school is not in buildings and numbers but in matters of the 60mind and soul. Woldingstanton has become a torch at which lives are set aflame. I have lit a candle there—the winds of fate may yet blow it into a world-wide blaze.”
As Mr. Huss said these things he was uplifted by enthusiasm, and his pain sank down out of his consciousness.
“What,” he said, “is the task of the teacher in the world? It is the greatest of all human tasks. It is to ensure that Man, Man the Divine, grows in the souls of men. For what is a man without instruction? He is born as the beasts are born, a greedy egotism, a clutching desire, a thing of lusts119 and fears. He can regard nothing except in relation to himself. Even his love is a bargain; and his utmost effort is vanity because he has to die. And it is we teachers alone who can lift him out of that self-preoccupation. We teachers.... We can release him into a wider circle of ideas beyond himself in which he can at length forget himself and his meagre personal ends altogether. We can open his eyes to the past and to the future and to the undying life of Man. So through us and through us only, he escapes from death and futility120. An untaught man is but himself alone, as lonely in his ends and destiny as any beast; a man instructed is a man enlarged from 61that narrow prison of self into participation121 in an undying life, that began we know not when, that grows above and beyond the greatness of the stars....”
He spoke122 as if he addressed some other hearer than the three before him. Mr. Dad, with eyebrows raised and lips compressed, nodded silently to Mr. Farr as if his worst suspicions were confirmed, and there were signs and signals that Sir Eliphaz was about to speak, when Mr. Huss resumed.
“For five and twenty years I have ruled over Woldingstanton, and for all that time I have been giving sight to the blind. I have given understanding to some thousands of boys. All those routines of teaching that had become dead we made live again there. My boys have learnt the history of mankind so that it has become their own adventure; they have learnt geography so that the world is their possession; I have had languages taught to make the past live again in their minds and to be windows upon the souls of alien peoples. Science has played its proper part; it has taken my boys into the secret places of matter and out among the nebulæ.... Always I have kept Farr and his utilities in their due subordination. Some of my boys have already made good business 62men—because they were more than business men.... But I have never sought to make business men and I never will. My boys have gone into the professions, into the services, into the great world and done well—I have had dull boys and intractable boys, but nearly all have gone into the world gentlemen, broad-minded, good-mannered, understanding and unselfish, masters of self, servants of man, because the whole scheme of their education has been to release them from base and narrow things.... When the war came, my boys were ready.... They have gone to their deaths—how many have gone to their deaths! My own son among them.... I did not grudge117 him.... Woldingstanton is a new school; its tradition has scarcely begun; the list of its old boys is now so terribly depleted123 that its young tradition wilts125 like a torn seedling126.... But still we can keep on with it, still that tradition will grow, if my flame still burns. But my teaching must go on as I have planned it. It must. It must.... What has made my boys all that they are, has been the history, the biological science, the philosophy. For these things are wisdom. All the rest is training and mere knowledge. If the school is to live, the head must still be a man who can teach history—history 63in the widest sense; he must be philosopher, biologist, and archæologist as well as scholar. And you would hand that task to Farr! Farr! Farr here has never even touched the essential work of the school. He does not know what it is. His mind is no more opened than the cricket professional’s.”
Mr. Dad made an impatient noise.
The sick man went on with his burning eyes on Farr, his lips bloodless.
“He thinks of chemistry and physics not as a help to understanding but as a help to trading. So long as he has been at Woldingstanton he has been working furtively128 with our materials in the laboratories, dreaming of some profitable patent. Oh! I know you, Farr. Do you think I didn’t see because I didn’t choose to complain? If he could have discovered some profitable patent he would have abandoned teaching the day he did so. He would have been even as you are. But with a lifeless imagination you cannot even invent patentable things. He would talk to the boys of the empire at times, but the empire to him is no more than a trading conspiracy129 fenced about with tariffs130. It goes on to nothing.... And he thinks we are fighting the Germans, he thinks my dear and precious boy gave his life and that all these other brave 64lads beyond counting died, in order that we might take the place of the Germans as the chapman-bullies of the world. That is the measure of his mind. He has no religion, no faith, no devotion. Why does he want my place? Because he wants to serve as I have served? No! But because he envies my house, my income, my headship. Whether I live or die, it is impossible that Woldingstanton, my Woldingstanton, should live under his hand. Give it to him, and in a little while it will be dead.”
65
§ 5
“Gentlemen!” Mr. Farr protested with a white perspiring131 face.
“I had no idea,” ejaculated Mr. Dad, “I had no idea that things had gone so far.”
Sir Eliphaz indicated by waving his hand that his associates might allay132 themselves; he recognized that the time had come for him to speak.
“It is deplorable,” Sir Eliphaz began.
He put down his hands and gripped the seat of his chair as if to hold himself on to it very tightly, and he looked very hard at the horizon as if he was trying to decipher some remote inscription133. “You have imported a tone into this discussion,” he tried.
He got off at the third attempt. “It is an extremely painful thing to me, Mr. Huss, that to you, standing94 as you do on the very brink134 of the Great Chasm135, it should be necessary to speak in any but the most cordial and helpful tones. But it is my duty, it is our duty, to hold firmly to those principles which have always guided us as governors of the Woldingstanton 66School. You speak, I must say it, with an extreme arrogance136 of an institution to which all of us here have in some measure contributed; you speak as though you, and you alone, were its creator and guide. You must pardon me, Mr. Huss, if I remind you of the facts, the eternal verities137 of the story. The school, sir, was founded in the spacious138 days of Queen Elizabeth, and many a good man guided its fortunes down to the time when an unfortunate—a diversion of its endowments led to its temporary cessation. The Charity Commissioners139 revived it after an inquiry140 some fifty years ago, and it has been largely the lavish141 generosity142 of the Papermakers’ Guild143, of which I and Dad are humble144 members, that has stimulated145 its expansion under you. Loth as I am to cross your mood, Mr. Huss, while you are in pain and anxiety, I am bound to recall to you these things which have made your work possible. You could not have made bricks without straw, you could not have built up Woldingstanton without the money obtained by that commercialism for which you display such unqualified contempt. We sordid146 cits it was who planted, who watered....”
Mr. Huss seemed about to speak, but said nothing.
67“Exactly what I say,” said Mr. Dad, turning for confirmation147 to Mr. Farr. “The school is essentially148 a modern commercial school. It should be run as that.”
Mr. Farr nodded his white face ambiguously with his eye on Sir Eliphaz.
“I should have been chary60, Mr. Huss, of wrangling149 about our particular shares and contributions on an occasion so solemn as this, but since you will have it so, since you challenge discussion....”
He turned to his colleagues as if for support.
“Go on,” said Mr. Dad. “Facts are facts.”
68
§ 6
Sir Eliphaz cleared his throat, and continued to read the horizon.
“I have raised these points, Mr. Huss, by way of an opening. The gist127 of what I have to say lies deeper. So far I have dealt with the things you have said only in relation to us; as against us you assume your own righteousness, you flout150 our poor judgments151, you sweep them aside; the school must be continued on your lines, the teaching must follow your schemes. You can imagine no alternative opinion. God forbid that I should say a word in my own defence; I have given freely both of my time and of my money to our school; it would tax my secretaries now to reckon up how much; but I make no claims.... None....
“But let me now put all this discussion upon a wider and a graver footing. It is not only us and our poor intentions you arraign152. Strange things have dropped from you, Mr. Huss, in this discussion, things it has at once pained and astonished me to hear from you. You have 69spoken not only of man’s ingratitude153, but of God’s. I could scarcely believe my ears, but indeed I heard you say that God was silent, unhelpful, and that he too had deserted154 you. In spite of the most meritorious155 exertions156 on your part.... Standing as you do on the very margin157 of the Great Secret, I want to plead very earnestly with you against all that you have said.”
Sir Eliphaz seemed to meditate158 remotely. He returned like a soaring vulture to his victim. “I would be the last man to obtrude159 my religious feelings upon anyone.... I make no parade of religion, Mr. Huss, none at all. Many people think me no better than an unbeliever. But here I am bound to make my confession160. I owe much to God, Mr. Huss....”
He glowered161 at the sick man. He abandoned his grip upon the seat of his chair for a moment, to make a gesture with his hairy claw of a hand. “Your attitude to my God is a far deeper offence to me than any merely personal attack could be. Under his chastening blows, under trials that humbler spirits would receive with thankfulness and construe162 as lessons and warnings, you betray yourself more proud, more self-assured, more—froward is not too harsh a word—more froward, Mr. Huss, than you were 70even in the days when we used to fret163 under you on Founder’s Day in the Great Hall, when you would dictate to us that here you must have an extension and there you must have a museum or a picture room or what not, leaving nothing to opinion, making our gifts a duty.... You will not recognise the virtue165 of gifts and graces either in man or God.... Cannot you see, my dear Mr. Huss, the falsity of your position? It is upon that point that I want to talk to you now. God does not smite166 man needlessly. This world is all one vast intention, and not a sparrow falls to the ground unless He wills that sparrow to fall. Is your heart so sure of itself? Does nothing that has happened suggest to you that there may be something in your conduct and direction of Woldingstanton that has made it not quite so acceptable an offering to God as you have imagined it to be?”
Sir Eliphaz paused with an air of giving Mr. Huss his chance, but meeting with no response, he resumed: “I am an old man, Mr. Huss, and I have seen much of the world and more particularly of the world of finance and industry, a world of swift opportunities and sudden temptations. I have watched the careers of many young men of parts, who have seemed to be under the impression that the world had been 71waiting for them overlong; I have seen more promotions167, schemes and enterprises, great or grandiose168, than I care to recall. Developing Woldingstanton from the mere endowed school of a market-town it was, to its present position, has been for me a subordinate incident, a holiday task, a piece of by-play upon a crowded scene. My experiences have been on a far greater scale. Far greater. And in all my experience I have never seen what I should call a really right-minded man perish or an innocent dealer—provided, that is, that he took ordinary precautions—destroyed. Ups and downs no doubt there are, for the good as well as the bad. I have seen the foolish taking root for a time—it was but for a time. I have watched the manœuvres of some exceedingly crafty169 men....”
Sir Eliphaz shook his head slowly from side to side and all the hairs on his head waved about.
He hesitated for a moment, and decided170 to favour his hearers with a scrap114 of autobiography171.
“Quite recently,” he began, “there was a fellow came to us, just as we were laying down our plant for production on a large scale. He was a very plausible172, energetic young fellow 72indeed, an American Armenian. Well, he happened to know somehow that we were going to use kaolin from felspar, a by-product173 of the new potash process, and he had got hold of a scheme for washing London clay that produced, he assured us, an accessible kaolin just as good for our purpose and not a tenth of the cost of the Norwegian stuff. It would have reduced our prime cost something like thirty per cent. Let alone tonnage. Excuse these technicalities. On the face of it it was a thoroughly good thing. The point was that I knew all along that his stuff retained a certain amount of sulphur and couldn’t possibly make a building block to last. That wouldn’t prevent us selling and using the stuff with practical impunity174. It wasn’t up to us to know. No one could have made us liable. The thing indeed looked so plain and safe that I admit it tempted me sorely. And then, Mr. Huss, God came in. I received a secret intimation. I want to tell you of this in all good faith and simplicity175. In the night when all the world was deep in sleep, I awoke. And I was in the extremest terror; my very bones were shaking; I sat up in my bed afraid almost to touch the switch of the electric light; my hair stood on end. I could see nothing, I could hear nothing, but it was as if a spirit passed in front 73of my face. And in spite of the silence something seemed to be saying to me: ‘How about God, Sir Eliphaz? Have you at last forgotten Him? How can you, that would dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is the dust, escape His judgments?’ That was all, Mr. Huss, just that. ‘Whose foundation is the dust!’ Straight to the point. Well, Mr. Huss, I am not a religious man, but I threw over that Armenian.”
Mr. Dad made a sound to intimate that he would have done the same.
“I mention this experience, this intervention—and it is not the only one of which I could tell—because I want you to get my view that if an enterprise, even though it is as fair and honest-seeming a business as Woldingstanton School, begins suddenly to crumple176 and wilt124, it means that somehow, somewhere you must have been putting the wrong sort of clay into it. It means not that God is wrong and going back upon you, but that you are wrong. You may be a great and famous teacher now, Mr. Huss, thanks not a little to the pedestal we have made for you, but God is a greater and more famous teacher. He manifestly you have not convinced, even if you could have convinced us, of Woldingstanton’s present perfection....
“That is practically all I have to say. When 74we propose, in all humility177, to turn the school about into new and less pretentious178 courses and you oppose us, that is our answer. If you had done as well and wisely as you declare, you would not be in this position and this discussion would never have arisen.”
He paused.
“Said with truth and dignity,” said Mr. Dad. “You have put my opinion, Sir Eliphaz, better than I could have put it myself. I thank you.”
He coughed briefly179.
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“The question you put to me I have put to myself,” said Mr. Huss, and thought deeply for a little while....
“No, I do not feel convicted of wrong-doing. I still believe the work I set myself to do was right, right in spirit and intention, right in plan and method. You invite me to confess my faith broken and in the dust; and my faith was never so sure. There is a God in my heart, in my heart at least there is a God, who has always guided me to right and who guides me now. My conscience remains180 unassailable. These afflictions that you speak of as trials and warnings I can only see as inexplicable181 disasters. They perplex me, but they do not cow me. They strike me as pointless and irrelevant182 events.”
“But this is terrible!” said Mr. Dad, deeply shocked.
“You push me back, Sir Eliphaz, from the discussion of our school affairs to more fundamental questions. You have raised the problem of the moral government of the world, a 76problem that has been distressing183 my mind since I first came here to Sundering, whether indeed failure is condemnation185 and success the sunshine of God’s approval. You believe that the great God of the stars and seas and mountains is attentive186 to our conduct and responds to it. His sense of right is the same sense of right as ours; he endorses187 a common aim. Your prosperity is the mark of your harmony with that supreme188 God....”
“I wouldn’t go so far as that,” Mr. Dad interjected. “No. No arrogance.”
“And my misfortunes express his disapproval189. Well, I have believed that; I have believed that the rightness of a schoolmaster’s conscience must needs be the same thing as the rightness of destiny, I too had fallen into that comforting persuasion190 of prosperity; but this series of smashing experiences I have had, culminating in your proposal to wipe out the whole effect and significance of my life, brings me face to face with the fundamental question whether the order of the great universe, the God of the stars, has any regard or relationship whatever to the problems of our consciences and the efforts of man to do right. That is a question that echoes to me down the ages. So far I have always professed191 myself a Christian192....”
77“Well, I should hope so,” said Mr. Dad, “considering the terms of the school’s foundation.”
“For, I take it, the creeds193 declare in a beautiful symbol that the God who is present in our hearts is one with the universal father and at the same time his beloved Son, continually and eternally begotten194 from the universal fatherhood, and crucified only to conquer. He has come into our poor lives to raise them up at last to Himself. But to believe that is to believe in the significance and continuity of the whole effort of mankind. The life of man must be like the perpetual spreading of a fire. If right and wrong are to perish together indifferently, if there is aimless and fruitless suffering, if there opens no hope for an eternal survival in consequences of all good things, then there is no meaning in such a belief as Christianity. It is a mere superstition195 of priests and sacrifices, and I have read things into it that were never truly there. The rushlight of our faith burns in a windy darkness that will see no dawn.”
“Nay,” said Sir Eliphaz, “nay. If there is God in your work we cannot destroy it.”
“You are doing your best,” said Mr. Huss, “and now I am not sure that you will fail.... At one time I should have defied you, 78but now I am not sure.... I have sat here through some dreary196 and dreadful days, and lain awake through some interminable nights; I have thought of many things that men in their days of prosperity are apt to dismiss from their minds; and I am no longer sure of the goodness of the world without us or in the plan of Fate. Perhaps it is only in us within our hearts that the light of God flickers197—and flickers insecurely. Where we had thought a God, somehow akin164 to ourselves, ruled in the universe, it may be there is nothing but black emptiness and a coldness worse than cruelty.”
Mr. Dad was about to interrupt, and restrained himself by a great effort.
“It is a commonplace of pietistic works that natural things are perfect things, and that the whole world of life, if it were not for the sinfulness of man, would be perfect. Paley, you will remember, Sir Eliphaz, in his ‘Evidences of Christianity,’ from which we have both suffered, declares that this earth is manifestly made for the happiness of the sentient198 beings living thereon. But I ask you to consider for a little and dispassionately, whether life through all its stages, up to and including man, is not rather a scheme of uneasiness, imperfect satisfaction, and positive miseries199....”
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“Aren’t we getting a bit out of our depth in all this?” Mr. Dad burst out. “Put it at that—out of our depth.... What does this sort of carping and questioning amount to, Mr. Huss? Does it do us any good? Does it help us in the slightest degree? Why should we go into all this? Why can’t we be humble and leave these deep questions to those who make a specialty200 of dealing201 with them? We don’t know the ropes. We can’t. Here are you and Mr. Farr, for instance, both of you whole-time schoolmasters so to speak; here’s Sir Eliphaz toiling202 night and day to make simple cheap suitable homes for the masses, who probably won’t say thank you to him when they see them; here’s me an overworked engineer and understaffed most cruelly, not to speak of the most unfair and impossible labour demands, so that you never know where you are and what they won’t ask you next. And in the midst of it all we are to start an argey-bargey about the goodness of God!
80“We’re busy men, Mr. Huss. What do we know of the world being a scheme of imperfect satisfaction and what all? Where does it come in? What’s its practical value? Words it is, all words, and getting away from the plain and definite question we came to talk over and settle and have done with. Such talk, I will confess, makes me uncomfortable. Give me the Bible and the simple religion I learnt at my mother’s knee. That’s good enough for me. Can’t we just have faith and leave all these questions alone? What are men in reality? After all their arguments. Worms. Just worms. Well then, let’s have the decency203 to behave as such and stick to business, and do our best in that state of life unto which it has pleased God to call us. That’s what I say,” said Mr. Dad.
He jerked his head back, coughed shortly, adjusted his tie, and nodded to Mr. Farr in a resolute manner.
“A simple, straightforward, commercial and technical education,” he added by way of an explanatory colophon. “That’s what we’re after.”
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Mr. Huss stared absently at Mr. Dad for some moments, and then resumed:
“Let us look squarely at this world about us. What is the true lot of life? Is there the slightest justification for assuming that our conceptions of right and happiness are reflected anywhere in the outward universe? Is there, for instance, much animal happiness? Do health and well-being204 constitute the normal state of animals?”
He paused. Mr. Dad got up, and stood looking out of the window with his back to Mr. Huss. “Pulling nature to pieces,” he said over his shoulder. He turned and urged further, with a snarl205 of bitterness in his voice: “Suppose things are so, what is the good of our calling attention to it? Where’s the benefit?”
But the attitude of Sir Eliphaz conveyed a readiness to listen.
“Before I became too ill to go out here,” said Mr. Huss, “I went for a walk in the country behind this place. I was weary before I 82started, but I was impelled206 to go by that almost irresistible207 desire that will seize upon one at times to get out of one’s immediate208 surroundings. I wanted to escape from this wretched room, and I wanted to be alone, secure from interruptions, and free to think in peace. There was a treacherous209 promise in the day outside, much sunshine and a breeze. I had heard of woods a mile or so inland, and that conjured up a vision of cool green shade and kindly streams beneath the trees and of the fellowship of shy and gentle creatures. So I went out into the heat and into the dried and salted east wind, through glare and inky shadows, across many more fields than I had expected, until I came to some woods and then to a neglected park, and there for a time I sat down to rest....
“But I could get no rest. The turf was unclean through the presence of many sheep, and in it there was a number of close-growing but very sharply barbed thistles; and after a little time I realized that harvesters, those minute red beasts that creep upon one in the chalk lands and burrow6 into the skin and produce an almost intolerable itching210, abounded211. I got up again and went on, hoping in vain to find some fence or gate on which I might rest more comfortably. There were many flies and 83gnats, many more than there are here and of different sorts, and they persecuted212 me more and more. They surrounded me in a humming cloud, and I had to wave my walking-stick about my head all the time to keep them off me. I felt too exhausted213 to walk back, but there was, I knew, a village a mile or so ahead where I hoped to find some conveyance214 in which I might return by road....
“And as I struggled along in this fashion I came upon first one thing and then another, so apt to my mood that they might have been put there by some adversary215. First it was a very young rabbit indeed, it was scarcely as long as my hand, which some cruel thing had dragged from its burrow. The back of its head had been bitten open and was torn and bloody216, and the flies rose from its oozing217 wounds to my face like a cloud of witnesses. Then as I went on, trying to distract my mind from the memory of this pitiful dead thing by looking about me for something more agreeable, I discovered a row of little brown objects in a hawthorn218 bush, and going closer found they were some half-dozen victims of a butcherbird—beetles, fledgelings, and a mouse or so—spiked on the thorns. They were all twisted into painful attitudes, as if each had suffered horribly and challenged me 84by the last gesture of its limbs to judge between it and its creator.... And a little further on a gaunt, villainous-looking cat with rusty219 black fur that had bare patches suddenly ran upon me out of a side path; it had something in its mouth which it abandoned at the sight of me and left writhing220 at my feet, a pretty crested221 bird, very mangled222, that flapped in flat circles upon the turf, unable to rise. A fit of weak and reasonless rage came upon me at this, and seeing the cat halt some yards away and turn to regard me and move as if to recover its victim, I rushed at it and pursued it, shouting. Then it occurred to me that it would be kinder if, instead of a futile223 pursuit of the wretched cat, I went back and put an end to the bird’s sufferings. For a time I could not find it, and I searched for it in the bushes in a fever to get it killed, groaning224 and cursing as I did so. When I found it, it fought at me with its poor bleeding wings and snapped its beak225 at me, and made me feel less like a deliverer than a murderer. I hit it with my stick, and as it still moved I stamped it to death with my feet. I fled from its body in an agony. ‘And this,’ I cried, ‘this hell revealed, is God’s creation!’”
“Tcha!” exclaimed Mr. Dad.
“Suddenly it seemed to me that scales had 85fallen from my eyes and that I saw the whole world plain. It was as if the universe had put aside a mask it had hitherto worn, and shown me its face, and it was a face of boundless226 evil.... It was as if a power of darkness sat over me and watched me with a mocking gaze, and for the rest of that day I could think of nothing but the feeble miseries of living things. I was tortured, and all life was tortured with me. I failed to find the village I sought; I strayed far, I got back here at last long after dark, stopping sometimes by the wayside to be sick, sometimes kneeling or lying down for a time to rest, shivering and burning with an increasing fever.
“I had, as you know, been the first to find poor Williamson lying helpless among the acids; that ghastly figure and the burnt bodies of the two boys who died in School House haunt my mind constantly; but what was most in my thoughts on that day when the world of nature showed its teeth to me was the wretchedness of animal life. I do not know why that should have seemed more pitiful to me, and more fundamental, but it did. Human suffering, perhaps, is complicated by moral issues; man can look before and after and find remote justifications227 and stern consolations228 outside his present 86experiences; but the poor birds and beasts, they have only their present experiences and their individual lives cut off and shut in. How can there be righteousness in any scheme that afflicts229 them? I thought of one creature after another, and I could imagine none that had more than an occasional gleam of false and futile satisfaction between suffering and suffering. And to-day, gentlemen, as I sit here with you, the same dark stream of conviction pours through my mind. I feel that life is a weak and inconsequent stirring amidst the dust of space and time, incapable230 of overcoming even its internal dissensions, doomed231 to phases of delusion232, to irrational233 and undeserved punishments, to vain complainings and at last to extinction234.
“Is there so much as one healthy living being in the world? I question it. As I wandered that day, I noted235 the trees as I had never noted them before. There was not one that did not show a stricken or rotten branch, or that was not studded with the stumps236 of lost branches decaying backwards237 towards the main stem; from every fork came dark stains of corruption238, the bark was twisted and contorted and fungoid protrusions proclaimed the hidden mycelium of disease. The leaves were spotted240 with warts241 and blemishes242, and gnawed244 and bitten by a myriad245 87enemies. I noted too that the turf under my feet was worn and scorched246 and weary; gossamer247 threads and spiders of a hundred sorts trapped the multitudinous insects in the wilted248 autumnal undergrowth; the hedges were a slow conflict of thrusting and strangulating plants in which every individual was more or less crippled or stunted249. Most of these plants were armed like assassins; they had great thorns or stinging hairs; some ripened250 poisonous berries. And this was the reality of life; this was no exceptional mood of things, but a revelation of things established. I had been blind and now I saw. Even as these woods and thickets251 were, so was all the world....
“I had been reading in a book I had chanced to pick up in this lodging252, about the jungles of India, which many people think of as a vast wealth of splendid and luxuriant vegetation. For the greater part of the year they are hot and thorny253 wastes of brown, dead and mouldering254 matter. Comes the steaming downpour of the rains; and then for a little while there is a tangled255 rush of fighting greenery, jostling, choking, torn and devoured256 by a multitude of beasts and by a horrible variety of insects that the hot moisture has called to activity. Then under the dry breath of the destroyer the exuberance257 88stales and withers258, everything ripens259 and falls, and the jungle relapses again into sullen260 heat and gloomy fermentation. And in truth everywhere the growth season is a wild scramble261 into existence, the rest of the year a complicated massacre262. Even in our British climate is it not plain to you how the summer outlasts263 the lavish promise of the spring? In our spring there is no doubt an air of hope, of budding and blossoming; there is the nesting and singing of birds, a certain cleanness of the air, an emergence264 of primary and comparatively innocent things; but hard upon that freshness follow the pests and parasites265, the creatures that corrupt239 and sting, the minions266 of waste and pain and lassitude and fever....
“You may say that I am dwelling267 too much upon the defects in the lives of plants which do not feel, and of insects and small creatures which may feel in a different manner from ourselves; but indeed their decay and imperfection make up the common texture268 of life. Even the things that live are only half alive. You may argue that at least the rarer, larger beasts bring with them a certain delight and dignity into the world. But consider the lives of the herbivora; they are all hunted creatures; fear is their habit of mind; even the great Indian 89buffalo is given to panic flights. They are incessantly270 worried by swarms272 of insects. When they are not apathetic273 they appear to be angry, exasperated274 with life; their seasonal275 outbreaks of sex are evidently a violent torment276 to them, an occasion for fierce bellowings, mutual277 persecution278 and desperate combats. Such beasts as the rhinoceros279 or the buffalo269 are habitually280 in a rage; they will run amuck281 for no conceivable reason, and so too will many elephants, betraying a sort of organic spite against all other living things....
“And if we turn to the great carnivores, who should surely be the lords of the jungle world, their lot seems to be not one whit10 more happy. The tiger leads a life of fear; a dirty scrap of rag will turn him from his path. Much of his waking life is prowling hunger; when he kills he eats ravenously282, he eats to the pitch of discomfort283; he lies up afterwards in reeds or bushes, savage25, disinclined to move. The hunter must beat him out, and he comes out sluggishly284 and reluctantly to die. His paws, too, are strangely tender; a few miles of rock will make them bleed, they gather thorns.... His mouth is so foul285 that his bite is a poisoned bite....
“All that day I struggled against this persuasion 90that the utmost happiness of any animal is at best like a transitory smile on a grim and inhuman286 countenance287. I tried to recall some humorous and contented-looking creatures....
“That only recalled a fresh horror....
“You will have seen pictures and photographs of penguins288. They will have conveyed to you the sort of effect I tried to recover. They express a quaint290 and jolly gravity, an aldermanic contentment. But to me now the mere thought of a penguin289 raises a vision of distress184. I will tell you.... One of my old boys came to me a year or so ago on his return from a South Polar expedition; he told me the true story of these birds. Their lives, he said—he was speaking more particularly of the king penguin—are tormented291 by a monstrously292 exaggerated maternal293 instinct, an instinct shared by both sexes, which is a necessary condition of survival in the crowded rookeries of that frozen environment. And that instinct makes life one long torment for them. There is always a great smashing of eggs there through various causes; there is an excessive mortality among the chicks; they slip down crevasses294, they freeze to death and so forth, three-quarters of each year’s brood perish, and without this extravagant295 passion the species 91would become extinct. So that every bird is afflicted296 with a desire and anxiety to brood upon and protect a chick. But each couple produces no more than one egg a year; eggs get broken, they roll away into the water, there is always a shortage, and every penguin that has an egg has to guard it jealously, and each one that has not an egg is impelled to steal or capture one. Some in their distress will mother pebbles297 or scraps of ice, some fortunate in possession will sit for days without leaving the nest in spite of the gnawings of the intense Antarctic hunger. To leave a nest for a moment is to tempt106 a robber, and the intensity298 of the emotions aroused is shown by the fact that they will fight to the death over a stolen egg. You see that these pictures of rookeries of apparently299 comical birds are really pictures of poor dim-minded creatures worried and strained to the very limit of their powers. That is what their lives have always been....
“But the king penguin draws near the end of its history. Let me tell you how its history is closing. Let me tell you of what is happening in the peaceful Southern Seas—now. This old boy of mine was in great distress because of a vile300 traffic that has arisen.... Unless it is stopped, it will destroy these rookeries altogether. 92These birds are being murdered wholesale301 for their oil. Parties of men land and club them upon their nests, from which the poor, silly things refuse to stir. The dead and stunned302, the living and the dead together, are dragged away and thrust into iron crates303 to be boiled down for their oil. The broken living with the dead.... Each bird yields about a farthing’s profit, but it pays to kill them at that, and so the thing is done. The people who run these operations, you see, have had a sound commercial training. They believe that when God gives us power He means us to use it, and that what is profitable is just.”
“Well, really,” protested Mr. Dad. “Really!”
Mr. Farr also betrayed a disposition304 to speak. He cleared his throat, his uneasy hands worried the edge of the table, his face shone. “Sir Eliphaz,” he said....
“Let me finish,” said Mr. Huss, “for I have still to remind you of the most stubborn facts of all in such an argument as this. Have you ever thought of the significance of such creatures as the entozoa, and the vast multitudes of other sorts of specialized305 parasites whose very existence is cruelty? There are thousands of orders and genera of insects, crustacea, arachnids, 93worms, and lowlier things, which are adapted in the most complicated way to prey306 upon the living and suffering tissues of their fellow creatures, and which can live in no other way. Have you ever thought what that means? If forethought framed these horrors what sort of benevolence307 was there in that forethought? I will not distress you by describing the life cycles of any of these creatures too exactly. You must know of many of them. I will not dwell upon those wasps308, for example, which lay their eggs in the living bodies of victims which the young will gnaw243 to death slowly day by day as they develop, nor will I discuss this unmeaning growth of cells which has made my body its soil.... Nor any one of our thousand infectious fevers that fall upon us—without reason, without justice....
“Man is of all creatures the least subjected to internal parasites. In the brief space of a few hundred thousand years he has changed his food, his habitat and every attitude and habit of his life, and comparatively few species, thirty or forty at most, I am told, have been able to follow his changes and specialize themselves to him under these fresh conditions; yet even man can entertain some fearful guests. Every time you drink open water near a sheep pasture 94you may drink the larval liver fluke, which will make your liver a little township of vile creatures until they eat it up, until they swarm271 from its oozing ruins into your body cavity and destroy you. In Europe this is a rare fate for a man, but in China there are wide regions where the fluke abounds309 and rots the life out of thousands of people.... The fluke is but one sample of such feats310 of the Creator. An unwashed leaf of lettuce311 may be the means of planting a parasitic312 cyst in your brain to dethrone your reason; a feast of underdone pork may transfer to you from the swine the creeping death torture of trichinosis.... But all that men suffer in these matters is nothing to the suffering of the beasts. The torments313 of the beasts are finished and complete. My biological master tells me that he rarely opens a cod314 or dogfish without finding bunches of some sort of worm or such like pallid315 lodger74 in possession. He has rows of little tubes with the things he has found in the bodies of rabbits....
“But I will not disgust you further....
“Is this a world made for the happiness of sentient things?
“I ask you, how is it possible for man to be other than a rebel in the face of such facts? How can he trust the Maker who has designed 95and elaborated and finished these parasites in their endless multitude and variety? For these things are not in the nature of sudden creations and special judgments; they have been produced fearfully and wonderfully by a process of evolution as slow and deliberate as our own. How can Man trust such a Maker to treat him fairly? Why should we shut our eyes to things that stare us in the face? Either the world of life is the creation of a being inspired by a malignancy at once filthy316, petty and enormous, or it displays a carelessness, an indifference317, a disregard for justice....”
The voice of Mr. Huss faded out.
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For some time Mr. Farr had been manifesting signs of impatience318. The pause gave him his opportunity. He spoke with a sort of restrained volubility.
“Sir Eliphaz, Mr. Dad, after what has passed in relation to myself, I would have preferred to have said nothing in this discussion. Nothing. So far as I myself am concerned, I will still say nothing. But upon some issues it is impossible to keep silence. Mr. Huss has said some terrible things, things that must surely never be said at Woldingstanton....
“Think of what such teaching as this may mean among young and susceptible319 boys! Think of such stuff in the school pulpit! Chary as I am of all wrangling, and I would not set myself up for a moment to wrangle against Mr. Huss, yet I feel that this cavilling320 against God’s universe, this multitude of evil words, must be answered. It is imperative321 to answer it, plainly and sternly. It is our duty to God, who has made us what we are....
97“Mr. Huss, in your present diseased state you seem incapable of realizing the enormous egotism of all this depreciation322 of God’s marvels323. But indeed you have suffered from that sort of incapacity always. It is no new thing. Have I not chafed324 under your arrogant325 assurance for twelve long years? Your right, now as ever, is the only right; your doctrine326 alone is pure. Would that God could speak and open his lips against you! How his voice would shatter you and us and everything about us! How you would shrivel amidst your blasphemies327!
“Excuse me, gentlemen, if I am too forcible,” said Mr. Farr, moistening his white lips, but Mr. Dad nodded fierce approval.
Thus encouraged, Mr. Farr proceeded. “When first I came into this room, Mr. Huss, I was full of pity for your affliction—I think we all were—we were pitiful; but now it is clear to me that God exacts from you less than your iniquity328 deserves. Surely the supreme sin is pride. You criticize and belittle329 God’s universe, but what sort of a universe would you give us, Mr. Huss, if you were the Creator? Pardon me if I startle you, gentlemen, but that is a fair question to ask. For it is clear to me now, Mr. Huss, that no less than that will satisfy you. Woldingstanton, for all the wonders you have 98wrought there, in spite of the fact that never before and never again can there be such a head, in spite of the fact that you have lit such a candle there as may one day set the world ablaze330, is clearly too small a field for you. Headmaster of the universe is your position. Then, and then alone, could you display your gifts to the full. Then cats would cease to eat birds, and trees grow on in perfect symmetry until they cumbered the sky. I can dimly imagine the sort of world that it would be; the very fleas331 reformed and trained under your hand, would be flushed with health and happiness and doing the work of boy scouts332; every blade of grass would be at least six feet long. As for the liver fluke—but I cannot solve the problem of the liver fluke. I suppose you will provide euthanasia for all the parasites....”
Abruptly Mr. Farr passed from this vein333 of terrible humour to an earnest and pleading manner. “Mr. Huss, with mortal danger so close to you, I entreat334 you to reconsider all this wild and wicked talk of yours. You take a few superficial aspects of the world and frame a judgment on them; you try with the poor foot-rule of your mind to measure the plans of God, plans which are longer than the earth, wider than the sea. I ask you, how can such insolence335 99help you in this supreme emergency? There can be little time left....”
Providence336 was manifestly resolved to give Mr. Farr the maximum of dramatic effect. “But what is this?” said Mr. Farr. He stood up and looked out of the window.
Somebody had rung the bell, and now, with an effect of impatience, was rapping at the knocker of Sea View.
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1
sundering
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| v.隔开，分开( sunder的现在分词 ) | |
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lobster
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| n.龙虾，龙虾肉 | |
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jug
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| n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂 | |
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replenished
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| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 )； 重新装满 | |
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5
burrows
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| n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘（洞穴），挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 )；翻寻 | |
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burrow
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| vt.挖掘(洞穴)；钻进；vi.挖洞；翻寻；n.地洞 | |
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7
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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8
maker
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| n.制造者，制造商 | |
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9
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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10
whit
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| n.一点，丝毫 | |
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contractors
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| n.（建筑、监造中的）承包人( contractor的名词复数 ) | |
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12
avid
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| adj.热心的；贪婪的；渴望的；劲头十足的 | |
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poised
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| a.摆好姿势不动的 | |
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14
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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15
refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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16
courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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17
warily
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| adv.留心地 | |
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18
flannel
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| n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服 | |
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19
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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20
parsimony
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| n.过度节俭，吝啬 | |
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21
entrusts
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| v.委托，托付( entrust的第三人称单数 ) | |
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22
solicitor
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| n.初级律师，事务律师 | |
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23
orphan
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| n.孤儿；adj.无父母的 | |
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24
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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25
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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26
savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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27
solicitors
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| 初级律师( solicitor的名词复数 ) | |
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28
judicially
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| 依法判决地，公平地 | |
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29
antiquated
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| adj.陈旧的，过时的 | |
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30
habitual
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| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
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31
wigs
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| n.假发，法官帽( wig的名词复数 ) | |
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32
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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33
blackmailed
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| 胁迫，尤指以透露他人不体面行为相威胁以勒索钱财( blackmail的过去式 ) | |
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34
dodge
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| v.闪开，躲开，避开；n.妙计，诡计 | |
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35
litigants
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| n.诉讼当事人( litigant的名词复数 ) | |
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36
logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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37
fad
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| n.时尚；一时流行的狂热；一时的爱好 | |
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38
muzzle
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| n.鼻口部；口套；枪(炮)口；vt.使缄默 | |
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39
dictate
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| v.口授；(使)听写；指令，指示，命令 | |
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40
dictated
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| v.大声讲或读( dictate的过去式和过去分词 )；口授；支配；摆布 | |
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41
peevish
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| adj.易怒的，坏脾气的 | |
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42
insistence
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| n.坚持；强调；坚决主张 | |
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43
tersely
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| adv. 简捷地, 简要地 | |
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44
portentously
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45
relinquish
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| v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手 | |
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46
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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47
grievance
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| n.怨愤，气恼，委屈 | |
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48
overdoing
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| v.做得过分( overdo的现在分词 )；太夸张；把…煮得太久；（工作等）过度 | |
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49
grunted
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| （猪等）作呼噜声( grunt的过去式和过去分词 )； （指人）发出类似的哼声； 咕哝着说 | |
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50
steered
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| v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导 | |
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51
discreetly
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| ad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地 | |
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52
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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53
strands
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| n.（线、绳、金属线、毛发等的）股( strand的名词复数 )；缕；海洋、湖或河的)岸；（观点、计划、故事等的）部份v.使滞留，使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 ) | |
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54
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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55
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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56
apprise
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| vt.通知，告知 | |
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57
relaxation
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| n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐 | |
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58
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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59
straightforward
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| adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的 | |
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60
chary
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| adj.谨慎的，细心的 | |
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61
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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62
replete
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| adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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63
feverishly
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| adv. 兴奋地 | |
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64
testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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65
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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66
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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67
discursive
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| adj.离题的，无层次的 | |
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68
dexterous
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| adj.灵敏的；灵巧的 | |
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69
surgical
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| adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的 | |
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70
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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71
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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72
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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73
sterilized
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| v.消毒( sterilize的过去式和过去分词 )；使无菌；使失去生育能力；使绝育 | |
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74
lodger
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| n.寄宿人，房客 | |
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75
lodgers
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| n.房客，租住者( lodger的名词复数 ) | |
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76
ironies
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| n.反语( irony的名词复数 )；冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事；嘲弄 | |
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77
repartee
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| n.机敏的应答 | |
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78
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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79
conjured
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| 用魔术变出( conjure的过去式和过去分词 )； 祈求，恳求； 变戏法； （变魔术般地） 使…出现 | |
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80
dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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81
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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82
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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83
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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84
resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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85
inefficiently
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| adv.无效率地 | |
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86
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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87
distraction
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| n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐 | |
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88
gainsay
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| v.否认，反驳 | |
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89
retrieved
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| v.取回( retrieve的过去式和过去分词 )；恢复；寻回；检索（储存的信息） | |
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90
sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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91
consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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92
natty
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| adj.整洁的，漂亮的 | |
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93
luminous
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| adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的 | |
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94
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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95
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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96
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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97
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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98
rejection
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| n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃 | |
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99
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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100
wrangle
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| vi.争吵 | |
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101
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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102
fanatic
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| n.狂热者，入迷者；adj.狂热入迷的 | |
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103
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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104
horrified
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| a.(表现出)恐惧的 | |
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105
justification
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| n.正当的理由；辩解的理由 | |
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106
tempt
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| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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107
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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108
blight
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| n.枯萎病；造成破坏的因素；vt.破坏，摧残 | |
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109
reassurance
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| n.使放心，使消除疑虑 | |
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110
reassuring
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| a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的 | |
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111
steadfastly
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| adv.踏实地，不变地；岿然；坚定不渝 | |
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112
humdrum
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| adj.单调的，乏味的 | |
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113
scraps
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| 油渣 | |
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114
scrap
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| n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废 | |
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115
posturing
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| 做出某种姿势( posture的现在分词 ) | |
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116
grudged
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| 怀恨（grudge的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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117
grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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118
nucleus
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| n.核，核心，原子核 | |
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119
lusts
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| 贪求（lust的第三人称单数形式） | |
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120
futility
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| n.无用 | |
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121
participation
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| n.参与，参加，分享 | |
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122
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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123
depleted
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| adj. 枯竭的, 废弃的 动词deplete的过去式和过去分词 | |
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124
wilt
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| v.(使)植物凋谢或枯萎；(指人)疲倦，衰弱 | |
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125
wilts
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| （使）凋谢，枯萎( wilt的第三人称单数 ) | |
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126
seedling
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| n.秧苗，树苗 | |
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127
gist
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| n.要旨；梗概 | |
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128
furtively
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| adv. 偷偷地, 暗中地 | |
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129
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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130
tariffs
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| 关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准 | |
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131
perspiring
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| v.出汗，流汗( perspire的现在分词 ) | |
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132
allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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133
inscription
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| n.（尤指石块上的）刻印文字，铭文，碑文 | |
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134
brink
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| n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿 | |
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135
chasm
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| n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突 | |
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136
arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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137
verities
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| n.真实( verity的名词复数 )；事实；真理；真实的陈述 | |
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138
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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139
commissioners
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| n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官 | |
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140
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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141
lavish
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| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
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142
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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143
guild
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| n.行会，同业公会，协会 | |
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144
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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145
stimulated
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| a.刺激的 | |
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146
sordid
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| adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的 | |
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147
confirmation
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| n.证实，确认，批准 | |
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148
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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149
wrangling
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| v.争吵，争论，口角( wrangle的现在分词 ) | |
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150
flout
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| v./n.嘲弄，愚弄，轻视 | |
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151
judgments
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| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
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152
arraign
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| v.提讯；控告 | |
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153
ingratitude
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| n.忘恩负义 | |
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154
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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155
meritorious
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| adj.值得赞赏的 | |
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156
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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157
margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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158
meditate
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| v.想，考虑，（尤指宗教上的）沉思，冥想 | |
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159
obtrude
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| v.闯入；侵入；打扰 | |
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160
confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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161
glowered
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| v.怒视( glower的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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162
construe
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| v.翻译，解释 | |
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163
fret
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| v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损 | |
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164
akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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165
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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166
smite
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| v.重击；彻底击败；n.打；尝试；一点儿 | |
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167
promotions
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| 促进( promotion的名词复数 )； 提升； 推广； 宣传 | |
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168
grandiose
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| adj.宏伟的，宏大的，堂皇的，铺张的 | |
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169
crafty
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| adj.狡猾的，诡诈的 | |
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170
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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171
autobiography
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| n.自传 | |
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172
plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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173
by-product
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| n.副产品，附带产生的结果 | |
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174
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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175
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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176
crumple
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| v.把...弄皱，满是皱痕，压碎，崩溃 | |
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177
humility
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| n.谦逊，谦恭 | |
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178
pretentious
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| adj.自命不凡的，自负的，炫耀的 | |
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179
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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180
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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181
inexplicable
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| adj.无法解释的，难理解的 | |
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182
irrelevant
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| adj.不恰当的，无关系的，不相干的 | |
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183
distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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184
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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185
condemnation
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| n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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186
attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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187
endorses
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| v.赞同( endorse的第三人称单数 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品 | |
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188
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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189
disapproval
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| n.反对，不赞成 | |
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190
persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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191
professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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192
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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193
creeds
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| （尤指宗教）信条，教条( creed的名词复数 ) | |
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194
begotten
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| v.为…之生父( beget的过去分词 )；产生，引起 | |
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195
superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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196
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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197
flickers
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| 电影制片业； （通常指灯光）闪烁，摇曳( flicker的名词复数 ) | |
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198
sentient
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| adj.有知觉的，知悉的；adv.有感觉能力地 | |
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199
miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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200
specialty
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| n.(speciality)特性，特质；专业，专长 | |
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201
dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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202
toiling
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的现在分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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203
decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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204
well-being
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| n.安康，安乐，幸福 | |
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205
snarl
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| v.吼叫，怒骂，纠缠，混乱；n.混乱，缠结，咆哮 | |
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206
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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207
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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208
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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209
treacherous
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| adj.不可靠的，有暗藏的危险的；adj.背叛的，背信弃义的 | |
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210
itching
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| adj.贪得的，痒的，渴望的v.发痒( itch的现在分词 ) | |
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211
abounded
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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212
persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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213
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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214
conveyance
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| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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215
adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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216
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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217
oozing
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| v.（浓液等）慢慢地冒出，渗出( ooze的现在分词 )；使（液体）缓缓流出；（浓液）渗出，慢慢流出 | |
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218
hawthorn
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| 山楂 | |
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219
rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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220
writhing
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| （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚( writhe的现在分词 ) | |
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221
crested
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| adj.有顶饰的，有纹章的，有冠毛的v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的过去式和过去分词 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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222
mangled
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| vt.乱砍（mangle的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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223
futile
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| adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的 | |
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224
groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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225
beak
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| n.鸟嘴，茶壶嘴，钩形鼻 | |
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226
boundless
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| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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227
justifications
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| 正当的理由，辩解的理由( justification的名词复数 ) | |
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228
consolations
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| n.安慰，慰问( consolation的名词复数 )；起安慰作用的人（或事物） | |
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229
afflicts
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的名词复数 ) | |
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230
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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231
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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232
delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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233
irrational
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| adj.无理性的，失去理性的 | |
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234
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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235
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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236
stumps
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| （被砍下的树的）树桩( stump的名词复数 )； 残肢； （板球三柱门的）柱； 残余部分 | |
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237
backwards
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| adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地 | |
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238
corruption
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| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
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239
corrupt
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| v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的 | |
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240
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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241
warts
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| n.疣( wart的名词复数 )；肉赘；树瘤；缺点 | |
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242
blemishes
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| n.（身体的）瘢点( blemish的名词复数 )；伤疤；瑕疵；污点 | |
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243
gnaw
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| v.不断地啃、咬；使苦恼，折磨 | |
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244
gnawed
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| 咬( gnaw的过去式和过去分词 )； （长时间） 折磨某人； （使）苦恼； （长时间）危害某事物 | |
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245
myriad
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| adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量 | |
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246
scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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247
gossamer
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| n.薄纱，游丝 | |
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248
wilted
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| （使）凋谢，枯萎( wilt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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249
stunted
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| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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250
ripened
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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251
thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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252
lodging
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| n.寄宿，住所；(大学生的)校外宿舍 | |
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253
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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254
mouldering
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| v.腐朽( moulder的现在分词 )；腐烂，崩塌 | |
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255
tangled
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| adj. 纠缠的，紊乱的 动词tangle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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256
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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257
exuberance
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| n.丰富；繁荣 | |
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258
withers
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| 马肩隆 | |
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259
ripens
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的第三人称单数 ) | |
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260
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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261
scramble
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| v.爬行，攀爬，杂乱蔓延，碎片，片段，废料 | |
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262
massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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263
outlasts
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| v.比…长久，比…活得长( outlast的第三人称单数 ) | |
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264
emergence
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| n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体 | |
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265
parasites
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| 寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫 | |
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266
minions
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| n.奴颜婢膝的仆从( minion的名词复数 )；走狗；宠儿；受人崇拜者 | |
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267
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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268
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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269
buffalo
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| n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛 | |
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270
incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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271
swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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272
swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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273
apathetic
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| adj.冷漠的，无动于衷的 | |
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274
exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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275
seasonal
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| adj.季节的，季节性的 | |
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276
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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277
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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278
persecution
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| n. 迫害,烦扰 | |
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279
rhinoceros
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| n.犀牛 | |
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280
habitually
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| ad.习惯地，通常地 | |
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281
amuck
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| ad.狂乱地 | |
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282
ravenously
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| adv.大嚼地，饥饿地 | |
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283
discomfort
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| n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便 | |
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284
sluggishly
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| adv.懒惰地；缓慢地 | |
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285
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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286
inhuman
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| adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的 | |
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287
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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288
penguins
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| n.企鹅( penguin的名词复数 ) | |
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289
penguin
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| n.企鹅 | |
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290
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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291
tormented
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| 饱受折磨的 | |
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292
monstrously
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293
maternal
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| adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的 | |
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294
crevasses
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| n.破口，崩溃处，裂缝( crevasse的名词复数 ) | |
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295
extravagant
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| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
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296
afflicted
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| 使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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297
pebbles
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| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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298
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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299
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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300
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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301
wholesale
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| n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售 | |
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302
stunned
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| adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 动词stun的过去式和过去分词 | |
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303
crates
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| n. 板条箱, 篓子, 旧汽车 vt. 装进纸条箱 | |
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304
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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305
specialized
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| adj.专门的，专业化的 | |
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306
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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307
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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308
wasps
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| 黄蜂( wasp的名词复数 )； 胡蜂； 易动怒的人； 刻毒的人 | |
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309
abounds
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| v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的第三人称单数 ) | |
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310
feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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311
lettuce
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| n.莴苣；生菜 | |
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312
parasitic
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| adj.寄生的 | |
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313
torments
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| （肉体或精神上的）折磨，痛苦( torment的名词复数 )； 造成痛苦的事物[人] | |
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314
cod
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| n.鳕鱼；v.愚弄；哄骗 | |
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315
pallid
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| adj.苍白的，呆板的 | |
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316
filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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317
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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318
impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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319
susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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320
cavilling
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| n.（矿工的）工作地点抽签法v.挑剔，吹毛求疵( cavil的现在分词 ) | |
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321
imperative
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| n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的 | |
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322
depreciation
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| n.价值低落，贬值，蔑视，贬低 | |
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323
marvels
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| n.奇迹( marvel的名词复数 )；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；不平凡的成果；成就v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的第三人称单数 ) | |
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324
chafed
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| v.擦热（尤指皮肤）( chafe的过去式 )；擦痛；发怒；惹怒 | |
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325
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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326
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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327
blasphemies
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| n.对上帝的亵渎，亵渎的言词[行为]( blasphemy的名词复数 )；侮慢的言词（或行为） | |
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328
iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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329
belittle
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| v.轻视，小看，贬低 | |
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330
ablaze
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| adj.着火的，燃烧的；闪耀的，灯火辉煌的 | |
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331
fleas
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| n.跳蚤( flea的名词复数 )；爱财如命；没好气地（拒绝某人的要求） | |
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332
scouts
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| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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333
vein
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| n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络 | |
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334
entreat
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| v.恳求，恳请 | |
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335
insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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336
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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