p. xxvTo Mr. —
Coniston, July 26, 1754.
“Sir,
“I was the other day upon a party of pleasure, about five or six miles from this place, where I met with a very striking object, and of a nature not very common. Going into a clergyman’s house (of whom I had frequently heard) I found him sitting at the head of a long square table, such as is commonly used in this country by the lower class of people, dressed in a coarse blue frock, trimmed with black horn buttons; a checked shirt, a leathern strap17 about his neck for a stock, a coarse apron18, and a pair of great wooden-soled shoes, plated with iron to preserve them, (what we call clogs19 in these parts,) with a child upon his knee, eating his breakfast: his wife, and the remainder of his children, were some of them employed in waiting upon each other, the rest in teazing and spinning wool, at which trade he is a great proficient20; and moreover, when it is made ready for sale, will lay it, by sixteen or thirty-two pounds weight, upon his back, and on foot, seven or eight miles will carry it to the market, even in the depth of winter. I was not much surprised at all this, as you may possibly be, having heard a great deal of it related before. But I must confess myself astonished with the alacrity21 and the good humour that appeared both in the clergyman and his wife, and more so, at the sense and ingenuity22 of the clergyman himself.” * *
Then follows a letter, from another person, dated 1755, from which an extract shall be given.
p. xxvi“By his frugality and good management, he keeps the wolf from the door, as we say; and if he advances a little in the world, it is owing more to his own care, than to any thing else he has to rely upon. I don’t find his inclination23 is running after further preferment. He is settled among the people, that are happy among themselves; and lives in the greatest unanimity24 and friendship with them; and, I believe, the minister and people are exceedingly satisfied with each other; and indeed how should they be dissatisfied, when they have a person of so much worth and probity25 for their pastor26? A man, who, for his candour and meekness27, his sober, chaste28, and virtuous conversation, his soundness in principle and practice, is an ornament29 to his profession, and an honour to the country he is in; and bear with me if I say, the plainness of his dress, the sanctity of his manners, the simplicity30 of his doctrine31, and the vehemence32 of his expression, have a sort of resemblance to the pure practice of primitive33 Christianity.”
We will now give his own account of himself, to be found in the same place.
From the Rev35. Robert Walker.
“Sir,
“Yours of the 26th instant was communicated to me by Mr. C—, and I should have returned an immediate36 answer, but the hand of Providence37 then lying heavy upon an amiable38 p. xxviipledge of conjugal39 endearment40, hath since taken from me a promising41 girl, which the disconsolate42 mother too pensively43 laments44 the loss of; though we have yet eight living, all healthful, hopeful children, whose names and ages are as follow:—Zaccheus, aged almost eighteen years; Elizabeth, sixteen years and ten months; Mary, fifteen; Moses, thirteen years and three months; Sarah, ten years and three months; Mabel, eight years and three months; William Tyson, three years and eight months; and Anne Esther, one year and three months; besides Anne, who died two years and six months ago, and was then aged between nine and ten; and Eleanor, who died the 23rd inst., January, aged six years and ten months. Zaccheus, the eldest child, is now learning the trade of tanner, and has two years and a half of his apprenticeship45 to serve. The annual income of my chapel at present, as near as I can compute46 it, may amount to about £17 10s., of which is paid in cash, viz. £5 from the bounty47 of Queen Anne, and £5 from W. P., Esq., of P—, out of the annual rents, he being lord of the manor48, and £3 from the several inhabitants of L—, settled upon the tenements49 as a rent-charge; the house and gardens I value at £4 yearly, and not worth more; and I believe the surplice fees and voluntary contributions, one year with another, may be worth £3; but, as the inhabitants are few in number, and the fees very low, this last-mentioned sum consists merely in free-will offerings.
“I am situated50 greatly to my satisfaction with regard to the conduct and behaviour of my auditory, who not only live in p. xxviiithe happy ignorance of the follies51 and vices53 of the age, but in mutual54 peace and good-will with one another, and are seemingly (I hope really too) sincere Christians55, and sound members of the Established Church, not one dissenter56 of any denomination57 being amongst them all. I got to the value of £40 for my wife’s fortune, but had no real estate of my own, being the youngest son of twelve children, born of obscure parents; and, though my income has been but small, and my family large, yet by a providential blessing59 upon my own diligent60 endeavours, the kindness of friends, and a cheap country to live in, we have always had the necessaries of life. By what I have written (which is a true and exact account, to the best of my knowledge) I hope you will not think your favour to me, out of the late worthy Dr. Stratford’s effects, quite misbestowed, for which I must ever gratefully own myself,
“Sir,
“Your much obliged and most obedient humble62 Servant,
R. W., Curate of S—.
“To Mr. C., of Lancaster.”
About the time when this letter was written, the Bishop63 of Chester recommended the scheme of joining the curacy of Ulpha to the contiguous one of Seathwaite, and the nomination58 was offered to Mr. Walker; but an unexpected difficulty arising, Mr. W., in a letter to the Bishop, (a copy of which, in his own beautiful hand-writing, now lies before me,) thus expresses himself, “If he,” meaning the person in whom the p. xxixdifficulty originated, “had suggested any such objection before, I should utterly64 have declined any attempt to the curacy of Ulpha: indeed, I was always apprehensive66 it might be disagreeable to my auditory at Seathwaite, as they have been always accustomed to double duty, and the inhabitants of Ulpha despair of being able to support a schoolmaster who is not curate there also; which suppressed all thoughts in me of serving them both.” And in a second letter to the Bishop he writes:—
“My Lord,
“I have the favour of yours of the 1st instant, and am exceedingly obliged on account of the Ulpha affair: if that curacy should lapse67 into your Lordship’s hands, I would beg leave rather to decline than embrace it; for the chapels68 of Seathwaite and Ulpha, annexed70 together, would be apt to cause a general discontent among the inhabitants of both places; by either thinking themselves slighted, being only served alternately, or neglected in the duty, or attributing it to covetousness71 in me; all which occasions of murmuring I would willingly avoid.”
And, in concluding his former letter, he expresses a similar sentiment upon the same occasion, “desiring, if it be possible, however, as much as in me lieth, to live peaceably with all men.”
The year following, the curacy of Seathwaite was again augmented72; and, to effect this augmentation, fifty pounds had p. xxxbeen advanced by himself; and, in 1760, lands were purchased with eight hundred pounds. Scanty74 as was his income, the frequent offer of much better benefices could not tempt65 Mr. W. to quit a situation where he had been so long happy, with a consciousness of being useful. Among his papers I find the following copy of a letter, dated 1775, twenty years after his refusal of the curacy of Ulpha, which will show what exertions75 had been made for one of his sons.
“May it please your Grace,
“Our remote situation here makes it difficult to get the necessary information for transacting76 business regularly; such is the reason of my giving your Grace the present trouble.
“The bearer (my son) is desirous of offering himself candidate for deacon’s orders at your Grace’s ensuing ordination; the first, on the 25th instant, so that his papers could not be transmitted in due time. As he is now fully61 at age, and I have afforded him education to the utmost of my ability, it would give me great satisfaction (if your Grace would take him, and find him qualified) to have him ordained77. His constitution has been tender for some years; he entered the college of Dublin, but his health would not permit him to continue there, or I would have supported him much longer. He has been with me at home above a year, in which time he has gained great strength of body, sufficient, I hope, to enable him for performing the function. Divine Providence, assisted by liberal benefactors78, has blest my endeavours, from a small income, to rear p. xxxia numerous family; and as my time of life renders me now unfit for much future expectancy79 from this world, I should be glad to see my son settled in a promising way to acquire an honest livelihood for himself. His behaviour, so far in life, has been irreproachable80; and I hope he will not degenerate81, in principles or practice, from the precepts82 and pattern of an indulgent parent. Your Grace’s favourable83 reception of this, from a distant corner of the diocese, and an obscure hand, will excite filial gratitude84, and a due use shall be made of the obligation vouchsafed85 thereby86 to
“Your Grace’s very dutiful and most obedient
“Son and Servant,
“Robert Walker.”
The same man, who was thus liberal in the education of his numerous family, was even munificent87 in hospitality as a parish priest. Every Sunday, were served, upon the long table, at which he has been described sitting with a child upon his knee, messes of broth2, for the refreshment88 of those of his congregation who came from a distance, and usually took their seats as parts of his own household. It seems scarcely possible that this custom could have commenced before the augmentation of his cure; and what would to many have been a high price of self-denial, was paid, by the pastor and his family, for this gratification; as the treat could only be provided by dressing89 at one time the whole, perhaps, of their weekly allowance of fresh animal food; consequently, for a succession of days, the p. xxxiitable was covered with cold victuals90 only. His generosity91 in old age may be still further illustrated92 by a little circumstance relating to an orphan93 grandson, then ten years of age, which I find in a copy of a letter to one of his sons; he requests that half-a-guinea may be left for “little Robert’s pocket-money,” who was then at school; intrusting it to the care of a lady, who, as he says, “may sometimes frustrate94 his squandering95 it away foolishly,” and promising to send him an equal allowance annually96 for the same purpose. The conclusion of the same letter is so characteristic, that I cannot forbear to transcribe97 it.
“We,” meaning his wife and himself, “are in our wonted state of health, allowing for the hasty strides of old age knocking daily at our door, and threateningly telling us, we are not only mortal, but must expect ere long to take our leave of our ancient cottage, and lie down in our last dormitory. Pray pardon my neglect to answer yours: let us hear sooner from you, to augment73 the mirth of the Christmas holidays. Wishing you all the pleasures of the approaching season, I am, dear Son, with lasting98 sincerity99, yours affectionately,
“Robert Walker.”
He loved old customs and usages, and in some instances stuck to them to his own loss; for, having had a sum of money lodged100 in the hands of a neighbouring tradesman, when long course of time had raised the rate of interest, and more was offered, he refused to accept it; an act not difficult to one, who, while he was drawing seventeen pounds a year from his p. xxxiiicuracy, declined, as we have seen, to add the profits of another small benefice to his own, lest he should be suspected of cupidity101.—From this vice52 he was utterly free; he made no charge for teaching school; such as could afford to pay, gave him what they pleased. When very young, having kept a diary of his expenses, however trifling102, the large amount, at the end of the year, surprised him; and from that time the rule of his life was to be economical, not avaricious103. At his decease he left behind him no less a sum than £2000; and such a sense of his various excellencies was prevalent in the country, that the epithet104 of WONDERFUL is to this day attached to his name.
There is in the above sketch105 something so extraordinary as to require further explanatory details.—And to begin with his industry; eight hours in each day, during five days in the week, and half of Saturday, except when the labours of husbandry were urgent, he was occupied in teaching. His seat was within the rails of the altar; the communion-table was his desk; and, like Shenstone’s schoolmistress, the master employed himself at the spinning-wheel, while the children were repeating their lessons by his side. Every evening, after school hours, if not more profitably engaged, he continued the same kind of labour, exchanging, for the benefit of exercise, the small wheel, at which he had sate106, for the large one on which wool is spun107, the spinner stepping to and fro. Thus was the wheel constantly in readiness to prevent the waste of a moment’s time. Nor was his industry with the pen, when occasion called for it, less eager. Intrusted with extensive management p. xxxivof public and private affairs, he acted, in his rustic108 neighbourhood, as scrivener, writing out petitions, deeds of conveyance109, wills, covenants110, etc., with pecuniary111 gain to himself, and to the great benefit of his employers. These labours (at all times considerable) at one period of the year, viz. between Christmas and Candlemas, when money transactions are settled in this country, were often so intense, that he passed great part of the night, and sometimes whole nights, at his desk. His garden also was tilled by his own hand; he had a right of pasturage upon the mountains for a few sheep and a couple of cows, which required his attendance: with this pastoral occupation, he joined the labours of husbandry upon a small scale, renting two or three acres in addition to his own less than one acre of glebe; and the humblest drudgery112 which the cultivation113 of these fields required was performed by himself.
He also assisted his neighbours in haymaking and shearing114 their flocks, and in the performance of this latter service he was eminently115 dexterous116. They, in their turn, complimented him with the present of a haycock, or a fleece; less as a recompense for this particular service than as a general acknowledgment. The Sabbath was in a strict sense kept holy; the Sunday evenings being devoted117 to reading the Scripture118 and family prayer. The principal festivals appointed by the Church were also duly observed; but through every other day in the week, through every week in the year, he was incessantly119 occupied in work of hand or mind; not allowing a moment for recreation, except upon a Saturday afternoon, when he p. xxxvindulged himself with a Newspaper, or sometimes with a Magazine. The frugality and temperance established in his house, were as admirable as the industry. Nothing to which the name of luxury could be given was there known; in the latter part of his life, indeed, when tea had been brought into almost general use, it was provided for visiters, and for such of his own family as returned occasionally to his roof and had been accustomed to this refreshment elsewhere; but neither he nor his wife ever partook of it. The raiment worn by his family was comely120 and decent, but as simple as their diet; the homespun materials were made up into apparel by their own hands. At the time of the decease of this thrifty121 pair, their cottage contained a large store of webs of woollen and linen122 cloth, woven from thread of their own spinning. And it is remarkable123 that the pew in the chapel in which the family used to sit remained a few years ago neatly124 lined with woollen cloth spun by the pastor’s own hands. It is the only pew in the chapel so distinguished125; and I know of no other instance of his conformity126 to the delicate accommodations of modern times. The fuel of the house, like that of their neighbours, consisted of peat, procured127 from the mosses128 by their own labour. The lights by which, in the winter evenings, their work was performed, were of their own manufacture, such as still continue to be used in these cottages; they are made of the pith of rushes dipped in any unctuous129 substance that the house affords. White candles, as tallow candles are here called, were reserved to honour the Christmas festivals, and were perhaps produced p. xxxviupon no other occasions. Once a month, during the proper season, a sheep was drawn130 from their small mountain flock, and killed for the use of the family; and a cow towards the close of the year, was salted and dried, for winter provision: the hide was tanned to furnish them with shoes.—By these various resources, this venerable clergyman reared a numerous family, not only preserving them, as he affectingly says, “from wanting the necessaries of life;” but afforded them an unstinted education, and the means of raising themselves in society.
It might have been concluded that no one could thus, as it were, have converted his body into a machine of industry for the humblest uses, and kept his thoughts so frequently bent131 upon secular132 concerns, without grievous injury to the more precious parts of his nature. How could the powers of intellect thrive, or its graces be displayed, in the midst of circumstances apparently133 so unfavourable, and where to the direct cultivation of the mind, so small a portion of time was allotted134? But, in this extraordinary man, things in their nature adverse135 were reconciled; his conversation was remarkable, not only for being chaste and pure, but for the degree in which it was fervent136 and eloquent137; his written style was correct, simple, and animated138. Nor did his affections suffer more than his intellect; he was tenderly alive to all the duties of his pastoral office: the poor and needy139 “he never sent empty away,”—the stranger was fed and refreshed in passing that unfrequented vale—the sick were visited; and the feelings of humanity found further exercise among the distresses140 and p. xxxviiembarrassments in the worldly estate of his neighbours, with which his talents for business made him acquainted; and the disinterestedness141, impartiality142, and uprightness which he maintained in the management of all affairs confided143 to him, were virtues144 seldom separated in his own conscience from religious obligations. Nor could such conduct fail to remind those who witnessed it of a spirit nobler than law or custom: they felt convictions which, but for such intercourse146, could not have been afforded, that, as in the practice of their pastor, there was no guile147, so in his faith there was nothing hollow; and we are warranted in believing, that upon these occasions, selfishness, obstinacy148, and discord149 would often give way before the breathings of his good-will and saintly integrity. It may be presumed also, while his humble congregation were listening to the moral precepts which he delivered from the pulpit, and to the Christian34 exhortations150 that they should love their neighbour as themselves, and do as they would be done unto, that peculiar151 efficacy was given to the preacher’s labours by recollections in the minds of his congregation, that they were called upon to do no more than his own actions were daily setting before their eyes.
The afternoon service in the chapel was less numerously attended than that of the morning, but by a more serious auditory; the lesson from the New Testament152, on those occasions, was accompanied by Birkett’s Commentaries. These lessons he read with impassioned emphasis, frequently drawing tears from his hearers, and leaving a lasting impression upon their p. xxxviiiminds. His devotional feelings and the powers of his own mind were further exercised, along with those of his family, in perusing153 the Scriptures154; not only on the Sunday evenings, but on every other evening, while the rest of the household were at work, some one of the children, and in her turn the servant, for the sake of practice in reading, or for instruction, read the Bible aloud; and in this manner the whole was repeatedly gone through. That no common importance was attached to the observance of religious ordinances155 by his family, appears from the following memorandum156 by one of his descendants, which I am tempted157 to insert at length, as it is characteristic, and somewhat curious. “There is a small chapel in the county palatine of Lancaster, where a certain clergyman has regularly officiated above sixty years, and a few months ago administered the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper in the same, to a decent number of devout158 communicants. After the clergyman had received himself, the first company out of the assembly who approached the altar, and kneeled down to be partakers of the sacred elements, consisted of the parson’s wife, to whom he had been married upwards159 of sixty years; one son and his wife; four daughters, each with her husband; whose ages, all added together, amounted to above 714 years. The several and respective distances from the place of each of their abodes160 to the chapel where they all communicated, will measure more than 1000 English miles. Though the narration161 will appear surprising, it is without doubt a fact that the same persons, exactly four years before, met at the p. xxxixsame place, and all joined in performance of the same venerable duty.”
He was indeed most zealously162 attached to the doctrine and frame of the Established Church. We have seen him congratulating himself that he had no dissenters163 in his cure of any denomination. Some allowance must be made for the state of opinion when his first religious impressions were received, before the reader will acquit164 him of bigotry165, when I mention, that at the time of the augmentation of the cure, he refused to invest part of the money in the purchase of an estate offered to him upon advantageous166 terms, because the proprietor167 was a Quaker;—whether from scrupulous168 apprehension169 that a blessing would not attend a contract framed for the benefit of the Church between persons not in religious sympathy with each other; or, as a seeker of peace, he was afraid of the uncomplying disposition13 which at one time was too frequently conspicuous170 in that sect171. Of this an instance had fallen under his own notice; for, while he taught school at Loweswater, certain persons of that denomination had refused to pay annual interest due under the title of Church-stock; [xxxix] a great hardship upon the incumbent172, for the curacy of Loweswater was then scarcely less poor than that of Seathwaite. To what degree this prejudice of his was blameable need not be determined173;—certain it is, that he was not only desirous, as he himself says, p. xlto live in peace, but in love, with all men. He was placable, and charitable in his judgments174; and, however correct in conduct and rigorous to himself, he was ever ready to forgive the trespasses175 of others, and to soften176 the censure177 that was cast upon their frailties178.—It would be unpardonable to omit that, in the maintenance of his virtues, he received due support from the Partner of his long life. She was equally strict in attending to a share of their joint179 cares, nor less diligent in her appropriate occupations. A person who had been some time their servant in the latter part of their lives, concluded the panegyric180 of her mistress by saying to me, “she was no less excellent than her husband; she was good to the poor, she was good to every thing!” He survived for a short time this virtuous companion. When she died, he ordered that her body should be borne to the grave by three of her daughters and one grand-daughter; and, when the corpse181 was lifted from the threshold, he insisted upon lending his aid, and feeling about, for he was then almost blind, took hold of a napkin fixed to the coffin182; and, as a bearer of the body, entered the Chapel, a few steps from the lowly Parsonage.
What a contrast does the life of this obscurely-seated, and, in point of worldly wealth, poorly-repaid Churchman, present to that of Cardinal183 Wolsey!
“O ’tis a burthen, Cromwell, ’tis a burthen,
Too heavy for a man who hopes for heaven!”
We have been dwelling184 upon images of peace in the moral p. xliworld, that have brought us again to the quiet enclosure of consecrated ground, in which this venerable pair lie interred185. The sounding brook186, that rolls close by the church-yard without disturbing feeling or meditation187, is now unfortunately laid bare; but not long ago it participated, with the chapel, the shade of some stately ash-trees, which will not spring again. While the spectator from this spot is looking round upon the girdle of stony188 mountains that encompasses189 the vale,—masses of rock, out of which monuments for all men that ever existed might have been hewn, it would surprise him to be told, as with truth he might be, that the plain blue slab190 dedicated191 to the memory of this aged pair, is a production of a quarry192 in North Wales! It was sent as a mark of respect by one of their descendants from the vale of Festiniog, a region almost as beautiful as that in which it now lies.
Upon the Seathwaite Brook, at a small distance from the Parsonage, has been erected193 a mill for spinning yarn194; it is a mean and disagreeable object, though not unimportant to the spectator, as calling to mind the momentous195 changes wrought196 by such inventions in the frame of society—changes which have proved especially unfavourable to these mountain solitudes197. So much had been effected by those new powers, before the subject of the preceding biographical sketch closed his life, that their operation could not escape his notice, and doubtless excited touching198 reflections upon the comparatively insignificant199 results of his own manual industry. But Robert Walker was not a man of times and circumstances: had he lived at a p. xliilater period, the principle of duty would have produced application as unremitting; the same energy of character would have been displayed, though in many instances with widely-different effects.
Having mentioned in this narrative200 the vale of Loweswater as a place where Mr. Walker taught school, I will add a few memoranda201 from its parish register, respecting a person apparently of desires as moderate, with whom he must have been intimate during his residence there.
“Let him that would, ascend202 the tottering203 seat
Of courtly grandeur204, and become as great
As are his mounting wishes; but for me
Let sweet repose205 and rest my portion be.
Henry Forest, Curate.
Honour, the idol206 which the most adore,
Receives no homage207 from my knee;
Content in privacy I value more
Than all uneasy dignity.
Henry Forest came to Loweswater, 1708, being 25 years of age.”
“This Curacy was twice augmented by Queen Anne’s bounty. The first payment, with great difficulty, was paid to Mr. John Curwen, of London, on the 9th of May, 1724, deposited by me, Henry Forest, Curate of Loweswater. Ye said 9th of May, ye said Mr. Curwen went to the office, and saw my name registered there, &c. This, by the Providence of God, came by lot to this poor place.
Hæc testor H. Forest.”
p. xliiiIn another place he records, that the sycamore-trees were planted in the church-yard in 1710.
He died in 1741, having been curate thirty-four years. It is not improbable that H. Forest was the gentleman who assisted Robert Walker in his classical studies at Loweswater.
To this parish register is prefixed a motto, of which the following verses are a part.
“Invigilate viri, tacito nam tempora gressu
Diffugiunt, nulloque sono convertitur annus;
Utendum est ætate, cito pede preterit ætas.”
With pleasure I annex69, as illustrative and confirmatory of the above account, Extracts from a Paper in the Christian Remembrancer, October, 1819: it bears an assumed signature, but is known to be the work of the Rev. Robert Bamford, vicar of Bishopton, in the county of Durham; a great-grandson of Mr. Walker, whose worth it commemorates208, by a record not the less valuable for being written in very early youth.
“His house was a nursery of virtue145. All the inmates209 were industrious210, and cleanly, and happy. Sobriety, neatness, quietness, characterised the whole family. No railings, no idleness, no indulgence of passion, were permitted. Every child, however young, had its appointed engagements; every hand was busy. Knitting, spinning, reading, writing, mending clothes, making shoes, were by the different children constantly performing. The father himself sitting amongst them, and guiding their thoughts, was engaged in the same occupations.
* * *
p. xliv“He sate up late, and rose early; when the family were at rest, he retired211 to a little room which he had built on the roof of his house. He had slated212 it, and fitted it up with shelves for his books, his stock of cloth, wearing apparel, and his utensils213. There many a cold winter’s night, without fire, while the roof was glazed214 with ice, did he remain reading or writing, till the day dawned. He taught the children in the chapel, for there was no school-house. Yet in that cold, damp place he never had a fire. He used to send the children in parties either to his own fire at home, or make them run up the mountain’s side.
* * *
“It may be further mentioned, that he was a passionate215 admirer of nature; she was his mother, and he was a dutiful child. While engaged on the mountains, it was his greatest pleasure to view the rising sun; and in tranquil216 evenings, as it slided behind the hills, he blessed its departure. He was skilled in fossils and plants: a constant observer of the stars and winds: the atmosphere was his delight. He made many experiments on its nature and properties. In summer he used to gather a multitude of flies and insects, and, by his entertaining description, amuse and instruct his children. They shared all his daily employments, and derived217 many sentiments of love and benevolence218 from his observations on the works and productions of nature. Whether they were following him in the field, or surrounding him in school, he took every opportunity of storing their minds with useful information.—Nor p. xlvwas the circle of his influence confined to Seathwaite. Many a distant mother has told her child of Mr. Walker, and begged him to be as good a man.
* * *
“Once, when I was very young, I had the pleasure of seeing and hearing that venerable old man in his 90th year, and even then, the calmness, the force, the perspicuity219 of his sermon, sanctified and adorned220 by the wisdom of grey hairs, and the authority of virtue, had such an effect upon my mind, that I never see a hoary-headed clergyman, without thinking of Mr. Walker * * * *. He allowed no dissenter or methodist to interfere221 in the instruction of the souls committed to his cure: and so successful were his exertions, that he had not one dissenter of any denomination whatever in the whole parish.—Though he avoided all religious controversies222, yet when age had silvered his head, and virtuous piety223 had secured to his appearance reverence224 and silent honour, no one, however determined in his hatred225 of apostolic descent, could have listened to his discourse226 on ecclesiastical history, and ancient times, without thinking, that one of the beloved apostles had returned to mortality, and in that vale of peace had come to exemplify the beauty of holiness in the life and character of Mr. Walker.
* * *
“Until the sickness of his wife, a few months previous to her death, his health and spirits and faculties227 were unimpaired. But this misfortune gave him such a shock, that his constitution gradually decayed. His senses, except sight, still p. xlvipreserved their powers. He never preached with steadiness after his wife’s death. His voice faltered228: he always looked at the seat she had used. He could not pass her tomb without tears. He became, when alone, sad and melancholy229, though still among his friends kind and good-humoured. He went to bed about twelve o’clock the night before his death. As his custom was, he went, tottering and leaning upon his daughter’s arm, to examine the heavens, and meditate230 a few moments in the open air. ‘How clear the moon shines to night!’ He said those words, sighed, and laid down. At six next morning he was found a corpse. Many a tear, and many a heavy heart, and many a grateful blessing followed him to the grave.”
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eldest
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livelihood
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| n.基础知识，入门 | |
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9
qualified
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| adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的 | |
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10
ordination
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| n.授任圣职 | |
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11
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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12
virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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13
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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14
dispositions
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| 安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质 | |
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15
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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16
frugality
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| n.节约，节俭 | |
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17
strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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18
apron
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| n.围裙；工作裙 | |
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19
clogs
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| 木屐； 木底鞋，木屐( clog的名词复数 ) | |
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20
proficient
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| adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家 | |
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21
alacrity
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| n.敏捷，轻快，乐意 | |
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22
ingenuity
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| n.别出心裁；善于发明创造 | |
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23
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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24
unanimity
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| n.全体一致，一致同意 | |
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25
probity
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| n.刚直；廉洁，正直 | |
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26
pastor
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| n.牧师，牧人 | |
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27
meekness
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| n.温顺，柔和 | |
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28
chaste
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| adj.贞洁的；有道德的；善良的；简朴的 | |
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29
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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30
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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31
doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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32
vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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33
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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34
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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35
rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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36
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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37
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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38
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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39
conjugal
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| adj.婚姻的，婚姻性的 | |
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40
endearment
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| n.表示亲爱的行为 | |
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41
promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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42
disconsolate
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|
| adj.忧郁的，不快的 | |
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43
pensively
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| adv.沉思地，焦虑地 | |
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44
laments
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|
| n.悲恸，哀歌，挽歌( lament的名词复数 )v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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45
apprenticeship
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| n.学徒身份；学徒期 | |
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46
compute
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| v./n.计算，估计 | |
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47
bounty
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| n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与 | |
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48
manor
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| n.庄园，领地 | |
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49
tenements
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| n.房屋，住户，租房子( tenement的名词复数 ) | |
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50
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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51
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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52
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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53
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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54
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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55
Christians
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| n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 ) | |
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56
dissenter
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| n.反对者 | |
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57
denomination
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| n.命名，取名，(度量衡、货币等的)单位 | |
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58
nomination
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| n.提名，任命，提名权 | |
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59
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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60
diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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61
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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62
humble
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|
| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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63
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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64
utterly
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|
| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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65
tempt
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|
| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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66
apprehensive
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|
| adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的 | |
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67
lapse
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|
| n.过失，流逝，失效，抛弃信仰，间隔；vi.堕落，停止，失效，流逝；vt.使失效 | |
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68
chapels
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|
| n.小教堂， （医院、监狱等的）附属礼拜堂( chapel的名词复数 )；（在小教堂和附属礼拜堂举行的）礼拜仪式 | |
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69
annex
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|
| vt.兼并，吞并；n.附属建筑物 | |
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70
annexed
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| [法] 附加的，附属的 | |
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71
covetousness
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72
Augmented
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|
| adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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73
augment
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|
| vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张 | |
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74
scanty
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|
| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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75
exertions
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|
| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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76
transacting
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| v.办理（业务等）( transact的现在分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
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77
ordained
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|
| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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78
benefactors
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|
| n.捐助者，施主( benefactor的名词复数 )；恩人 | |
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79
expectancy
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|
| n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额 | |
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80
irreproachable
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|
| adj.不可指责的，无过失的 | |
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81
degenerate
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|
| v.退步，堕落；adj.退步的，堕落的；n.堕落者 | |
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82
precepts
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|
| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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83
favourable
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|
| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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84
gratitude
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|
| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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85
vouchsafed
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的过去式和过去分词 )；允诺 | |
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86
thereby
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|
| adv.因此，从而 | |
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87
munificent
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|
| adj.慷慨的，大方的 | |
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88
refreshment
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|
| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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89
dressing
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|
| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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90
victuals
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|
| n.食物；食品 | |
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91
generosity
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|
| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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92
illustrated
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|
| adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词 | |
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93
orphan
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|
| n.孤儿；adj.无父母的 | |
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94
frustrate
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| v.使失望；使沮丧；使厌烦 | |
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95
squandering
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的现在分词 ) | |
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96
annually
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|
| adv.一年一次，每年 | |
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97
transcribe
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|
| v.抄写，誉写；改编(乐曲)；复制，转录 | |
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98
lasting
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|
| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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99
sincerity
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|
| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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100
lodged
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|
| v.存放( lodge的过去式和过去分词 )；暂住；埋入；（权利、权威等）归属 | |
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101
cupidity
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| n.贪心，贪财 | |
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102
trifling
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|
| adj.微不足道的；没什么价值的 | |
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103
avaricious
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| adj.贪婪的，贪心的 | |
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104
epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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105
sketch
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| n.草图；梗概；素描；v.素描；概述 | |
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106
sate
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| v.使充分满足 | |
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107
spun
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| v.纺，杜撰，急转身 | |
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108
rustic
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| adj.乡村的，有乡村特色的；n.乡下人，乡巴佬 | |
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109
conveyance
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|
| n.(不动产等的)转让，让与；转让证书；传送；运送；表达；（正）运输工具 | |
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110
covenants
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| n.（有法律约束的）协议( covenant的名词复数 )；盟约；公约；（向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的）契约书 | |
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111
pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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112
drudgery
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| n.苦工，重活，单调乏味的工作 | |
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113
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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114
shearing
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| n.剪羊毛，剪取的羊毛v.剪羊毛( shear的现在分词 )；切断；剪切 | |
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115
eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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116
dexterous
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| adj.灵敏的；灵巧的 | |
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117
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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118
scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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119
incessantly
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| ad.不停地 | |
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120
comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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121
thrifty
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| adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的 | |
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122
linen
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|
| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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123
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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124
neatly
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| adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地 | |
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125
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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126
conformity
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| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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127
procured
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| v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条 | |
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128
mosses
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| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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129
unctuous
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| adj.油腔滑调的，大胆的 | |
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130
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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131
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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132
secular
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|
| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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133
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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134
allotted
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| 分配，拨给，摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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135
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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136
fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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137
eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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138
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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139
needy
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| adj.贫穷的，贫困的，生活艰苦的 | |
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140
distresses
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| n.悲痛( distress的名词复数 )；痛苦；贫困；危险 | |
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141
disinterestedness
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142
impartiality
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| n. 公平, 无私, 不偏 | |
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143
confided
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| v.吐露（秘密，心事等）( confide的过去式和过去分词 )；（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等） | |
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144
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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145
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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146
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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147
guile
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| n.诈术 | |
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148
obstinacy
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| n.顽固；（病痛等）难治 | |
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149
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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150
exhortations
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| n.敦促( exhortation的名词复数 )；极力推荐；（正式的）演讲；（宗教仪式中的）劝诫 | |
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151
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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152
testament
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| n.遗嘱；证明 | |
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153
perusing
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| v.读（某篇文字）( peruse的现在分词 )；（尤指）细阅；审阅；匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览（某篇文字） | |
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154
scriptures
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| 经文，圣典( scripture的名词复数 )； 经典 | |
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155
ordinances
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| n.条例，法令( ordinance的名词复数 ) | |
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156
memorandum
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| n.备忘录，便笺 | |
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157
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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158
devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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159
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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160
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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161
narration
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| n.讲述，叙述；故事；记叙体 | |
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162
zealously
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| adv.热心地；热情地；积极地；狂热地 | |
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163
dissenters
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| n.持异议者，持不同意见者( dissenter的名词复数 ) | |
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164
acquit
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| vt.宣判无罪；(oneself)使(自己)表现出 | |
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165
bigotry
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| n.偏见，偏执，持偏见的行为[态度]等 | |
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166
advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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167
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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168
scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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169
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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170
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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171
sect
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| n.派别，宗教，学派，派系 | |
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172
incumbent
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| adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的 | |
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173
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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174
judgments
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| 判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判 | |
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175
trespasses
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| 罪过( trespass的名词复数 )； 非法进入 | |
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176
soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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177
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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178
frailties
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| n.脆弱( frailty的名词复数 )；虚弱；（性格或行为上的）弱点；缺点 | |
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179
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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180
panegyric
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| n.颂词，颂扬 | |
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181
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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182
coffin
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| n.棺材，灵柩 | |
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183
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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184
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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185
interred
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| v.埋，葬( inter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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186
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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187
meditation
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| n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录 | |
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188
stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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189
encompasses
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| v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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190
slab
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| n.平板，厚的切片；v.切成厚板，以平板盖上 | |
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191
dedicated
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| adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的 | |
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192
quarry
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| n.采石场；v.采石；费力地找 | |
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193
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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194
yarn
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| n.纱，纱线，纺线；奇闻漫谈，旅行轶事 | |
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195
momentous
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| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
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196
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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197
solitudes
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| n.独居( solitude的名词复数 )；孤独；荒僻的地方；人迹罕至的地方 | |
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198
touching
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| adj.动人的，使人感伤的 | |
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199
insignificant
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| adj.无关紧要的，可忽略的，无意义的 | |
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200
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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201
memoranda
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| n. 备忘录, 便条 名词memorandum的复数形式 | |
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202
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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203
tottering
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| adj.蹒跚的，动摇的v.走得或动得不稳( totter的现在分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠 | |
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204
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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205
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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206
idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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207
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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208
commemorates
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| n.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的名词复数 )v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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209
inmates
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| n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 ) | |
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210
industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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211
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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212
slated
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| 用石板瓦盖( slate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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213
utensils
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| 器具，用具，器皿( utensil的名词复数 )； 器物 | |
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214
glazed
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| adj.光滑的，像玻璃的；上过釉的；呆滞无神的v.装玻璃( glaze的过去式)；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神 | |
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215
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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216
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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217
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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218
benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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219
perspicuity
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| n.（文体的）明晰 | |
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220
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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221
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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222
controversies
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| 争论 | |
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223
piety
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| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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224
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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225
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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226
discourse
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| n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述 | |
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227
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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228
faltered
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| （嗓音）颤抖( falter的过去式和过去分词 )； 支吾其词； 蹒跚； 摇晃 | |
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229
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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230
meditate
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| v.想，考虑，（尤指宗教上的）沉思，冥想 | |
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