The police resources of the country have been fairly tested during the past two weeks. Under the circumstances, the shrewdness and energy of both municipal and national detectives have been proven good. The latter body has had a too partial share of the applause thus far, while the great efforts of our New-York and other officers have been overlooked. In the crowning success of Doherty, Conger, and Baker1 on the Virginia side of the water we have forgotten the as vigorous and better sustained pursuit on the Maryland side.
Yet the Secretary of War has thanked all concerned, especially referring to many excellent leaders in the long hunt through Charles and St. Mary's counties. Here the military and civil forces together amounted to quite a small army, and constituted by far the largest police organization ever known on this side of the Atlantic.
I think the adventures and expedients2 of these public servants worthy3 of a column. It would be out of all proportion to pass them by when we devote a dozen lines to every petty larceny4 and shoplifting.
On the Friday night of the murder the departments were absolutely paralyzed. The murderers had three good hours for escape; they had evaded5 the pursuit of lightning by snapping the telegraph wires, and rumor6 filled the town with so many reports that the first valuable hours, which should have been used to follow hard after them, were consumed in feverish7 efforts to know the real extent of the assassination8.
Immediately afterwards, however, or on Saturday morning early, the provost and special police force got on the scent11, and military in squads12 were dispatched close upon their heels.
Three grand pursuits wore organized: one reaching up the north bank of the Potomac toward Chain bridge, to prevent escape by that direction into Virginia, where Mosby, it was suspected, waited to hail the murderers;
A second starting from Richmond, Va., northward14, forming a broad advancing picket15 or skirmish line between the Blue Ridge13 and the broad sea-running streams;
The latter region became the only one well examined; the northern expedition failed until advised from below to capture Atzerott, and failed, to capture Payne. Yet there were cogent18 probabilities that the assassin had taken this route; far Mosby would have given them the right hand of fellowship.
"Now, by——! I could take that man in my arms."
Washington, as a precautionary measure, was doubly picketed20 at once; the authorities in all northern towns advised of the personnel of the murderer, and requests made of the detective chiefs in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New-York, to forward to Washington without delay their best decoys.
A court of inquiry21 was organized on the moment, and early in the week succeeding rewards were offered. An individual, and not the government, offered the first rewards.
There were two men without whom the hunt would have gone astray many times.
John S. Young, chief of the New-York detective force, a powerful and resolute22 man, whose great weight and strength are matched by boundless23 energy, and both subordinate to a head as clear as the keen and searching warrant of his eye. This man has been in familiar converse24 with every rebel agent in the Canadas, and is feared by them as they fear the fates of Beall and Kennedy. Without being a sensationist, he has probably rendered the cleverest services of the war to the general government. They sent for him immediately after the tragedy, and he stopped on the way for his old police companion, Marshal Murray. The latter's face and figure are familiar to all who know New-York; he resembles an admiral on his quarter-deck; he is a detective of fair and excellent repute, and has a somewhat novel pride in what he calls "the most beautiful gallows26 in the United States."
These officials were ordered to visit Colonel Ingraham's office and examine the little evidence on hand. They and their tried officers formed a junction27 on Sunday afternoon with the large detective force of Provost-Marshal Major O'Bierne. The latter commands the District of Columbia civil and military police. He is a New-Yorker and has been shot through the body in the field.
The detective force of Young and Murray consisted of Officers Radford,
THE WORLD'S city staff; Officers Joseph Pierson and West, of Baltimore.
Gavigan, Coddingham, and Williams.
A detachment of the Philadelphia detective police, force—Officers Taggert, George Smith, and Carlin, reporting to Colonel Baker—went in the direction of the North Pole; everybody is on the que vive for them.
To the provost-marshal of Baltimore, MacPhail, who knew the tone and bearing of the country throughout, was joined the zealous29 co-operation of Officer Lloyd, of Major O'Bierne's staff, who had a personal feeling against the secessionists of lower Maryland; they had once driven him away for his loyalty31, and had reserved their hospitality for assassins.
Lieutenant32 Commander Gushing33, I am informed, also rendered important services to the government in connection with the police operations. Volunteer detectives, such as Ex-Marshal Lewis and Angelis, were plentiful34; it is probable that in the pitch of the excitement five hundred detective officers were in and around Washington city. At the same time the secret police of Richmond abandoned their ordinary business, and devoted35 themselves solely36 to this overshadowing offense37.
No citizen, in these terrible days, knows what eyes were upon him as he talked and walked, nor how his stature38 and guise39 were keenly scanned by folks who passed him absent-faced, yet with his mental portrait carefully turned over, the while some invisible hand clutched a revolver, and held a life or death challenge upon his lips.
The military forces were commanded by Colonel Welles, of the Twenty sixth Michigan regiment40, whose activity and zeal30 were amply sustained by Colonel Clendenning, of the Eighth Illinois cavalry41, probably the finest body of horse in the service.
The first party to take the South Maryland road was dispatched by Major O'Bierne, and commanded by Lieutenant Lovett, of the Veteran Reserves. It consisted of twenty-five cavalry men, with detectives Cottingham, Lloyd, and Gavigan; these latter, with the lieutenant, kept well in advance. They made inquiries42 of a soothing43 and cautious character, but saw nothing suspicious until they arrived at Piscataway, where an unknown man, some distance ahead, observed them, and took to the woods. This was on Sunday night, forty hours after the murder.
Guided by Officer Lloyd, the little band dashed on, arriving at Bryantown on Tuesday. Here they arrested John Lloyd, of the hotel at Surrattsville, of whom they had previously44 inquired for the murderers, and he had said positively45 that he neither knew them nor had seen anybody whatever on the night of the crime. He was returning in a wagon46, with his wife, whom he had ordered, the day before, to go on a visit to Allen's Fresh, The Monday afterward10 he started to bring her back. This woman, frightened at the arrest, acknowledged at once that in her husband's conduct there was some inexplicable47 mystery. He was taciturn and defiant48 as before, until confronted by some of his old union neighbors.
The few unionists of Prince George's and Charles counties, long persecuted49 and intimidated50, now came forward and gave important testimony51.
Among these was one Roby, a very fat and very zealous old gentleman, whose professions were as ample as his perspiration52. He told the officers of the secret meetings for conspiracy53's, sake at Lloyd's Hotel, and although a very John Gilpin on horseback, rode here and there to his great loss of wind and repose54, fastening fire-coals upon the guilty or suspected.
Lloyd was turned over to Mr. Cottingham, who had established a jail at Robytown; that night his house was searched, and Booth's carbine found hidden in the wall. Three days afterward, Lloyd himself confessed—and his neck is quite nervous at this writing.
This little party, under the untiring Lovett, examined all the farm-houses below Washington resorting to many shrewd expedients, and taking note of the great swamps to the east of Port Tobacco; they reached Newport at last and fastened tacit guilt55 upon many residents.
Beyond Bryantown they overhauled56 the residence of Doctor Mudd and found Booth's boot. This was before Lloyd confessed, and was the first positive trace the officers had that they were really close upon the assassins.
I do not recall anything more wild and startling than this vague and dangerous exploration of a dimly known, hostile, and ignorant country. To these few detectives we owe much of the subsequent successful prosecution57 of the pursuit. They were the Hebrew spies.
By this time the country was filling up with soldiers, but previously a second memorable58 detective party went out under the personal command of Major O'Bierne. It consisted, besides that officer, of Lee, D'Angellia, Callahan, Hoey, Bostwick, Hanover, Bevins, and McHenry, and embarked59 at Washington on a steam-tug for Chappell's Point. Here a military station had long been established for the prevention of blockade and mail-running across the Potomao. It was commanded by Lieutenant Laverty, and garrisoned60 by sixty-five men. On Tuesday night, Major O'Bierne's party reached this place, and soon afterwards, a telegraph station was established here by an invaluable61 man to the expedition, Captain Beckwith, General Grant's chief cypher operator, who tapped the Point Lookout wire, and placed the War Department within a moment's reach of the theater of events.
Major O'Bierne's party started at once over the worst road in the world for Port Tobacco.
If any place in the world is utterly62 given over to depravity, it is Port Tobacco. From this town, by a sinuous63 creek64, there is flat boat navigation to the Potomac, and across that river to Mattox's creek. Before the war Port Tobacco was the seat of a tobacco aristocracy and a haunt of negro traders. It passed very naturally into a rebel post for blockade-runners and a rebel post-office general. Gambling65, corner fighting, and shooting matches were its lyceum education. Violence and ignorance had every suffrage66 in the town. Its people were smugglers, to all intents, and there was neither Bible nor geography to the whole region adjacent. Assassination was never very unpopular at Port Tobacco, and when its victim was a northern president it became quite heroic. A month before the murder a provost-marshal near by was slain67 in his bed-chamber. For such a town and district the detective police were the only effective missionaries68. The hotel here is called the Brawner House; it has a bar in the nethermost69 cellar, and its patrons, carousing70 in that imperfect light, look like the denizens71 of some burglar's crib, talking robbery between their cups; its dining-room is dark and tumble-down, and the cuisine72 bears traces of Caffir origin; a barbecue is nothing to a dinner there. The Court House of Port Tobacco is the most superflous house in the place, except the church. It stands in the center of the town in a square, and the dwellings73 lie about it closely, as if to throttle74 justice. Five hundred people exist in Port Tobacco; life there reminds me, in connection with the slimy river and the adjacent swamps, of the great reptile75 period of the world, when iguanadons and pterodactyls and pleosauri ate each other.
Into this abstract of Gomorrah the few detectives went like angels who visited Lot. They pretended to be enquiring76 for friends, or to have business designs, and the first people they heard of were Harold and Atzerott. The latter had visited Port Tobacco three weeks before the murder, and intimated at that time his design of fleeing the country. But everybody denied having seen him subsequent to the crime.
Atzerott had been in town just prior to the crime. He had been living with a widow woman named Mrs. Wheeler, by whom he had several children, and she was immediately called upon by Major O'Bierne. He did not tell her what Atzerott had done, but vaguely77 hinted that he had committed some terrible crime, and that since he had done her wrong, she could vindicate78 both herself and justice by telling his whereabouts. The woman admitted that Atzerott had been her bane, but she loved him, and refused to betray him.
His trunk was found in her garret, and in it the key to his paint shop in Port Tobacco. The latter was fruitlessly searched, but the probable whereabouts of Atzerott in Mongomery county obtained, and Major O'Bierne telegraphing there immediately, the desperate fellow was found and locked up. A man named Crangle who had succeeded Atzerott in Mrs. Wheeler's pliable79 affections, was arrested at once and put in jail. A number of disloyal people were indicated or "spotted80" as in no wise angry at the President's taking off, and for all such a provost prison was established.
[Illustration: Maryland.]
A few miles from Port Tobacco dwelt a solitary81 woman, who, when questioned, said that for many nights she had heard, after she had retired82 to bed, a man enter her cellar and lie there all night, departing before dawn. Major O'Bierne and the detectives ordered her to place a lamp in her window the next night she heard him enter, and at dark they established a cordon83 of armed officers around the place. At midnight punctually she exhibited the light, when the officers broke into the house and thoroughly84 searched it, without result. Yet the woman positively asserted that she had heard the man enter.
It was afterward found that she was of diseased mind.
By this time the military had come up in considerable numbers, and Major
O'Bierne was enabled to confer with Major Wait, of the Eighth Illinois.
The major had pushed on Monday night to Leonardstown, and pretty well overhauled that locality.
It was at this time that preparations were made to hunt the swamps around Chapmantown, Beantown, and Allen's Fresh. Booth had been entirely85 lost since his departure from Mudd's house, and it was believed that he had either pushed on for the Potomac or taken to the swamps. The officers sagaciously determined86 to follow him to the one and to explore the other.
The swamps tributary87 to the various branches of the Wicomico river, of which the chief feeder is Allen's creek, bear various names, such as Jordan's swamp, Atchall's swamp, and Scrub swamp. There are dense88 growths of dogwood, gum, and beech89, planted in sluices90 of water and bog91; and their width varies from a half mile to four miles, while their length is upwards92 of sixteen miles. Frequent deep ponds dot this wilderness93 place, with here and there a stretch of dry soil, but no human being inhabits the malarious94 extent; even a hunted murderer would shrink from hiding there. Serpents and slimy lizards95 are the only denizens; sometimes the coon takes refuge in this desert from the hounds, and in the soil mud a thousand odorous muskrats96 delve97, with now and then a tremorous otter98. But not even the hunted negro dares to fathom99 the treacherous100 clay, nor make himself a fellow of the slimy reptiles101 which reign102 absolute in this terrible solitude103. Here the soldiers prepared to seek for the President's assassin, and no search of the kind has ever been so thorough and patient. The Shawnee, in his strong hold of despair in the heart of Okeefeuokee, would scarcely have changed homes with Wilkes Booth and David Harold, hiding in this inhuman104 country.
The military forces deputed to pursue the fugitives105 were seven hundred men of the Eighth Illinois cavalry, six hundred men of the Twenty-second Colored troops, and one hundred men of the Sixteenth New York. These swept the swamps by detachments, the mass of them dismounted, with cavalry at the belts of clearing, interspersed106 with detectives at frequent intervals107 in the rear. They first formed a strong picket cordon entirely around the swamps, and then, drawn108 up in two orders of battle, advanced boldly into the bogs109 by two lines of march. One party swept the swamps longitudinally, the other pushed straight across their smallest diameter.
A similar march has not been made during the war; the soldiers were only a few paces apart, and in steady order they took the ground as it came, now plunging110 to their arm-pits in foul111 sluices of gangrened water, now hopelessly submerged in slime, now attacked by Regions of wood ticks, now tempting112 some unfaithful log or greenishly solid morass113, and plunging to the tip of the skull114 in poison stagnation115; the tree boughs116 rent their uniforms; they came out upon dry land, many of them without a rag of garment scratched, and gashed117, and spent, repugnant to themselves, and disgusting to those who saw them; but not one trace of Booth or Harold was any where found. Wherever they might be, the swamps did not contain them.
While all this was going on, a force started from Point Lookout, and swept the narrow necks of Saint Mary's quite up to Medley's Neck. To complete the search in this part of the country, Colonel Wells and Major O'Bierne started with a force of cavalry and infantry118 for Chappel Point; they took the entire peninsula as before, and marched in close skirmish line across it, but without finding anything of note. The matter of inclosing a house was by cavalry advances, which held all the avenues till mounted detectives came up. Many strange and ludicrous adventures occured on each of these expeditions. While the forces were going up Cobb's neck, there was a counter force coming down from Allen's Fresh.
Major O'Bierne started for Leonardstown with his detective force, and played off Laverty as Booth, and Hoey as Harold. These two advanced to farm-houses and gave their assumed names, asking at the same time for assistance and shelter. They were generally avoided, except by one man named Claggert, who told them they might hide in the woods behind his house. When Claggert was arrested, however he stated that he meant to hide them only to give them up. While on this adventure, a man who had heard of the reward came very near shooting Laverty. The ruse119 now became hazardous120 and the detectives resumed their real characters.
I have not time to go into the detail of this long and excellent hunt. My letter of yesterday described how the detectives of Mr. Young and Marshal Murray examined the negro Swan, and traced Booth to the house of Sam Coxe, the richest rebel in Charles county. There is a gap in the evidence between the arrival of Booth at this place and his crossing the Potomac above Swan Point, in a stolen or purposely-provided canoe. But as Coxe's house is only ten miles from the river, it is possible that he made the passage of the intermediate country undiscovered.
One Mills, a rebel mail-carrier, also arrested, saw Booth and Harold lurking121 along the river bank on Friday; he referred Major O'Bierne to one Claggert, a rebel, as having seen them also; but Claggert held his tongue, and went to jail. On Saturday night, Major O'Bierne, thus assured, also crossed the Potomac with his detectives to Boon's farm, where the fugitives had landed. While collecting information here a gunboat swung up the stream, and threatened to fire on the party.
It was now night, and all the party worn to the ground with long travel and want of sleep. Lieutenant Laverty's men went a short distance down the country and gave up, but Major O'Bierne, with a single man, pushed all night to King George's court-house, and next day, Sunday, re-embarked for Chappell's Point. Hence he telegraphed his information, and asked permission to pursue, promising122 to catch the assassins before they reached Port Royal.
This the department refused. Colonel Baker's men were delegated to make the pursuit with the able Lieutenant Doherty, and. O'Bierne, who was the most active and successful spirit in the chase, returned to Washington, cheerful and contented123.
At Mrs. Burratt's Washington house, at the Pennsylvania Hotel, Washington, and at Surrattsville, the Booth plot was almost entirely arranged. These three places will be relics124 of conspiracy forever.
Harold said to Lieutenant Doherty, after the latter had dragged him from the barn.
"Who's that man in there? It can't be Booth; he told me his name was
Loyd."
He further said that he had begged food for Booth from house to house while the latter hid in the woods.
The confederate captain, Willie Jett, who had given Booth a lift behind
his saddle from Port Royal to Garrett's farm, was then courting a Miss
Ruggles and Burbridge.
Payne, the assassin of the Sewards, was arrested by Officers, Sampson, of the sub-treasury, and Devoe, acting127 under General Alcott. The latter had besides, Officers Marsh25 and Clancy (a stenographer).
The reward for the capture of Booth will be distributed between very many men. The negro, Swan, will get as much of it, as he deserves. It amounts to about eighty thousand dollars, but the War Department may increase it at discretion128. The entire rewards amount to a hundred and sixty odd thousand. Major O'Bierne should get a large part of it as well.
This story which I must close abruptly129, deserves to be re-written, with all its accessory endeavours. What I have said is in skeleton merely, and far from exhaustive.
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1 baker | |
n.面包师 | |
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3 worthy | |
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的 | |
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4 larceny | |
n.盗窃(罪) | |
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5 evaded | |
逃避( evade的过去式和过去分词 ); 避开; 回避; 想不出 | |
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6 rumor | |
n.谣言,谣传,传说 | |
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7 feverish | |
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8 assassination | |
n.暗杀;暗杀事件 | |
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9 immediate | |
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n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉;v.嗅,发觉 | |
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n.(军队中的)班( squad的名词复数 );(暗杀)小组;体育运动的运动(代表)队;(对付某类犯罪活动的)警察队伍 | |
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14 northward | |
adv.向北;n.北方的地区 | |
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15 picket | |
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16 scour | |
v.搜索;擦,洗,腹泻,冲刷 | |
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17 lookout | |
n.注意,前途,瞭望台 | |
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18 cogent | |
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19 feat | |
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20 picketed | |
用尖桩围住(picket的过去式与过去分词形式) | |
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21 inquiry | |
n.打听,询问,调查,查问 | |
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22 resolute | |
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23 boundless | |
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24 converse | |
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25 marsh | |
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26 gallows | |
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27 junction | |
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30 zeal | |
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33 gushing | |
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37 offense | |
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47 inexplicable | |
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48 defiant | |
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53 conspiracy | |
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54 repose | |
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55 guilt | |
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61 invaluable | |
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62 utterly | |
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71 denizens | |
n.居民,住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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72 cuisine | |
n.烹调,烹饪法 | |
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73 dwellings | |
n.住处,处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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74 throttle | |
n.节流阀,节气阀,喉咙;v.扼喉咙,使窒息,压 | |
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75 reptile | |
n.爬行动物;两栖动物 | |
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76 enquiring | |
a.爱打听的,显得好奇的 | |
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77 vaguely | |
adv.含糊地,暖昧地 | |
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78 vindicate | |
v.为…辩护或辩解,辩明;证明…正确 | |
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79 pliable | |
adj.易受影响的;易弯的;柔顺的,易驾驭的 | |
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80 spotted | |
adj.有斑点的,斑纹的,弄污了的 | |
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81 solitary | |
adj.孤独的,独立的,荒凉的;n.隐士 | |
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82 retired | |
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的 | |
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83 cordon | |
n.警戒线,哨兵线 | |
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84 thoroughly | |
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地 | |
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85 entirely | |
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地 | |
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86 determined | |
adj.坚定的;有决心的 | |
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87 tributary | |
n.支流;纳贡国;adj.附庸的;辅助的;支流的 | |
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88 dense | |
a.密集的,稠密的,浓密的;密度大的 | |
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89 beech | |
n.山毛榉;adj.山毛榉的 | |
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90 sluices | |
n.水闸( sluice的名词复数 );(用水闸控制的)水;有闸人工水道;漂洗处v.冲洗( sluice的第三人称单数 );(指水)喷涌而出;漂净;给…安装水闸 | |
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91 bog | |
n.沼泽;室...陷入泥淖 | |
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92 upwards | |
adv.向上,在更高处...以上 | |
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93 wilderness | |
n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等,荒漠 | |
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94 malarious | |
(患)疟疾的,(有)瘴气的 | |
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95 lizards | |
n.蜥蜴( lizard的名词复数 ) | |
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96 muskrats | |
n.麝鼠(产于北美,毛皮珍贵)( muskrat的名词复数 ) | |
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97 delve | |
v.深入探究,钻研 | |
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98 otter | |
n.水獭 | |
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99 fathom | |
v.领悟,彻底了解 | |
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100 treacherous | |
adj.不可靠的,有暗藏的危险的;adj.背叛的,背信弃义的 | |
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101 reptiles | |
n.爬行动物,爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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102 reign | |
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势 | |
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103 solitude | |
n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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104 inhuman | |
adj.残忍的,不人道的,无人性的 | |
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105 fugitives | |
n.亡命者,逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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106 interspersed | |
adj.[医]散开的;点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词 | |
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107 intervals | |
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息 | |
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108 drawn | |
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的 | |
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109 bogs | |
n.沼泽,泥塘( bog的名词复数 );厕所v.(使)陷入泥沼, (使)陷入困境( bog的第三人称单数 );妨碍,阻碍 | |
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110 plunging | |
adj.跳进的,突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降 | |
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111 foul | |
adj.污秽的;邪恶的;v.弄脏;妨害;犯规;n.犯规 | |
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112 tempting | |
a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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113 morass | |
n.沼泽,困境 | |
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114 skull | |
n.头骨;颅骨 | |
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115 stagnation | |
n. 停滞 | |
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116 boughs | |
大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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117 gashed | |
v.划伤,割破( gash的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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118 infantry | |
n.[总称]步兵(部队) | |
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119 ruse | |
n.诡计,计策;诡计 | |
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120 hazardous | |
adj.(有)危险的,冒险的;碰运气的 | |
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121 lurking | |
潜在 | |
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122 promising | |
adj.有希望的,有前途的 | |
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123 contented | |
adj.满意的,安心的,知足的 | |
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124 relics | |
[pl.]n.遗物,遗迹,遗产;遗体,尸骸 | |
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125 bowling | |
n.保龄球运动 | |
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126 lieutenants | |
n.陆军中尉( lieutenant的名词复数 );副职官员;空军;仅低于…官阶的官员 | |
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127 acting | |
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的 | |
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128 discretion | |
n.谨慎;随意处理 | |
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129 abruptly | |
adv.突然地,出其不意地 | |
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