About nine o’clock a kind of sympathetic vibration4 ran through the crowd, and with the rapidity of a flash of lightning the words, “There he is! there he is!” passed from group to group. At this cry some withdrew into their houses and shut their doors and darkened their windows, as if it were a day of public mourning, while others opened them wide, as if to let joy enter. In a few moments the uproar5 and confusion evoked6 by the news was succeeded by the deep silence of breathless curiosity.
Then, through the silence, a figure advanced, carrying a branch of laurel in one hand as a token of triumph. It was that of a young man of from thirty-two to thirty-four years of age, with a graceful7 and well-knit frame, an aristocratic air and faultlessly beautiful features of a somewhat haughty8 expression. Although he had walked three leagues to reach the town, the ecclesiastical garb9 which he wore was not only elegant but of dainty freshness. His eyes turned to heaven, and singing in a sweet voice praise to the Lord, he passed through the streets leading to the church in the market-place with a slow and solemn gait, without vouchsafing10 a look, a word, or a gesture to anyone. The entire crowd, falling into step, marched behind him as he advanced, singing like him, the singers being the prettiest girls in Loudun, for we have forgotten to say that the crowd consisted almost entirely11 of women.
Meanwhile the object of all this commotion12 arrived at length at the porch of the church of Saint-Pierre. Ascending13 the steps, he knelt at the top and prayed in a low voice, then rising he touched the church doors with his laurel branch, and they opened wide as if by magic, revealing the choir14 decorated and illuminated15 as if for one of the four great feasts of the year, and with all its scholars, choir boys, singers, beadles, and vergers in their places. Glancing around, he for whom they were waiting came up the nave16, passed through the choir, knelt for a second time at the foot of the altar, upon which he laid the branch of laurel, then putting on a robe as white as snow and passing the stole around his neck, he began the celebration of the mass before a congregation composed of all those who had followed him. At the end of the mass a Te Deum was sung.
He who had just rendered thanks to God for his own victory with all the solemn ceremonial usually reserved for the triumphs of kings was the priest Urbain Grandier. Two days before, he had been acquitted17, in virtue18 of a decision pronounced by M. d’Escoubleau de Sourdis, Archbishop of Bordeaux, of an accusation20 brought against him of which he had been declared guilty by a magistrate22, and in punishment of which he had been condemned23 to fast on bread and water every Friday for three months, and forbidden to exercise his priestly functions in the diocese of Poitiers for five years and in the town of Loudun for ever.
Urbain Grandier was born at Rovere, a village near Sable25, a little town of Bas-Maine. Having studied the sciences with his father Pierre and his uncle Claude Grandier, who were learned astrologers and alchemists, he entered, at the age of twelve, the Jesuit college at Bordeaux, having already received the ordinary education of a young man. The professors soon found that besides his considerable attainments27 he had great natural gifts for languages and oratory28; they therefore made of him a thorough classical scholar, and in order to develop his oratorical29 talent encouraged him to practise preaching. They soon grew very fond of a pupil who was likely to bring them so much credit, and as soon as he was old enough to take holy orders they gave him the cure of souls in the parish of Saint-Pierre in Loudun, which was in the gift of the college. When he had been some months installed there as a priest-in-charge, he received a prebendal stall, thanks to the same patrons, in the collegiate church of Sainte-Croix.
It is easy to understand that the bestowal30 of these two positions on so young a man, who did not even belong to the province, made him seem in some sort a usurper31 of rights and privileges belonging to the people of the country, and drew upon him the envy of his brother-ecclesiastics. There were, in fact, many other reasons why Urbain should be an object of jealousy32 to these: first, as we have already said, he was very handsome, then the instruction which he had received from his father had opened the world of science to him and given him the key to a thousand things which were mysteries to the ignorant, but which he fathomed33 with the greatest ease. Furthermore, the comprehensive course of study which he had followed at the Jesuit college had raised him above a crowd of prejudices, which are sacred to the vulgar, but for which he made no secret of his contempt; and lastly, the eloquence34 of his sermons had drawn35 to his church the greater part of the regular congregations of the other religious communities, especially of the mendicant36 orders, who had till then, in what concerned preaching, borne away the palm at Loudun. As we have said, all this was more than enough to excite, first jealousy, and then hatred37. And both were excited in no ordinary degree.
We all know how easily the ill-natured gossip of a small town can rouse the angry contempt of the masses for everything which is beyond or above them. In a wider sphere Urbain would have shone by his many gifts, but, cooped up as he was within the walls of a little town and deprived of air and space, all that might have conduced to his success in Paris led to his destruction at Loudun.
It was also unfortunate for Urbain that his character, far from winning pardon for his genius, augmented38 the hatred which the latter inspired. Urbain, who in his intercourse39 with his friends was cordial and agreeable, was sarcastic40, cold, and haughty to his enemies. When he had once resolved on a course, he pursued it unflinchingly; he jealously exacted all the honour due to the rank at which he had arrived, defending it as though it were a conquest; he also insisted on enforcing all his legal rights, and he resented the opposition41 and angry words of casual opponents with a harshness which made them his lifelong enemies.
The first example which Urbain gave of this inflexibility42 was in 1620, when he gained a lawsuit43 against a priest named Meunier. He caused the sentence to be carried out with such rigour that he awoke an inextinguishable hatred in Meunier’s mind, which ever after burst forth44 on the slightest provocation45.
A second lawsuit, which he likewise gained; was one which he undertook against the chapter of Sainte-Croix with regard to a house, his claim to which the chapter, disputed. Here again he displayed the same determination to exact his strict legal rights to the last iota46, and unfortunately Mignon, the attorney of the unsuccessful chapter, was a revengeful, vindictive47, and ambitious man; too commonplace ever to arrive at a high position, and yet too much above his surroundings to be content with the secondary position which he occupied. This man, who was a canon of the collegiate church of Sainte-Croix and director of the Ursuline convent, will have an important part to play in the following narrative49. Being as hypocritical as Urbain was straightforward50, his ambition was to gain wherever his name was known a reputation for exalted51 piety52; he therefore affected53 in his life the asceticism54 of an anchorite and the self-denial of a saint. As he had much experience in ecclesiastical lawsuits55, he looked on the chapter’s loss of this one, of which he had in some sort guaranteed the success, as a personal humiliation56, so that when Urbain gave himself airs of triumph and exacted the last letter of his bond, as in the case of Meunier, he turned Mignon into an enemy who was not only more relentless57 but more dangerous than the former.
In the meantime, and in consequence of this lawsuit, a certain Barot, an uncle of Mignon and his partner as well, got up a dispute with Urbain, but as he was a man below mediocrity, Urbain required in order to crush him only to let fall from the height of his superiority a few of those disdainful words which brand as deeply as a red-hot iron. This man, though totally wanting in parts, was very rich, and having no children was always surrounded by a horde59 of relatives, every one of whom was absorbed in the attempt to make himself so agreeable that his name would appear in Barot’s will. This being so, the mocking words which were rained down on Barot spattered not only himself but also all those who had sided with him in the quarrel, and thus added considerably60 to the tale of Urbain’s enemies.
About this epoch61 a still graver event took place. Amongst the most assiduous frequenters of the confessional in his church was a young and pretty girl, Julie by name, the daughter of the king’s attorney, Trinquant—Trinquant being, as well as Barot, an uncle of Mignon. Now it happened that this young girl fell into such a state of debility that she was obliged to keep her room. One of her friends, named Marthe Pelletier, giving up society, of which she was very fond, undertook to nurse the patient, and carried her devotion so far as to shut herself up in the same room with her. When Julie Trinquant had recovered and was able again to take her place in the world, it came out that Marthe Pelletier, during her weeks of retirement62, had given birth to a child, which had been baptized and then put out to nurse. Now, by one of those odd whims63 which so often take possession of the public mind, everyone in Loudun persisted in asserting that the real mother of the infant was not she who had acknowledged herself as such—that, in short, Marthe Pelletier had sold her good name to her friend Julie for a sum of money; and of course it followed as a matter about which there could be no possible doubt, that Urbain was the father.
Trinquant hearing of the reports about his daughter, took upon himself as king’s attorney to have Marthe Pelletier arrested and imprisoned64. Being questioned about the child, she insisted that she was its mother, and would take its maintenance upon herself. To have brought a child into the world under such circumstances was a sin, but not a crime; Trinquant was therefore obliged to set Marthe at liberty, and the abuse of justice of which he was guilty served only to spread the scandal farther and to strengthen the public in the belief it had taken up.
Hitherto, whether through the intervention65 of the heavenly powers, or by means of his own cleverness, Urbain Grandier had come out victor in every struggle in which he had engaged, but each victor had added to the number of his enemies, and these were now so numerous that any other than he would have been alarmed, and have tried either to conciliate them or to take precautions against their malice66; but Urbain, wrapped in his pride, and perhaps conscious of his innocence67, paid no attention to the counsels of his most faithful followers68, but went on his way unheeding.
All the opponents whom till now Urbain had encountered had been entirely unconnected with each other, and had each struggled for his own individual ends. Urbain’s enemies, believing that the cause of his success was to be found in the want of cooperation among themselves, now determined69 to unite in order to crush him. In consequence, a conference was held at Barot’s, at which, besides Barot himself, Meunier, Trinquant, and Mignon took part, and the latter had also brought with him one Menuau, a king’s counsel and his own most intimate friend, who was, however, influenced by other motives70 than friendship in joining the conspiracy71. The fact was, that Menuau was in love with a woman who had steadfastly72 refused to show him any favour, and he had got firmly fixed73 in his head that the reason for her else inexplicable74 indifference75 and disdain58 was that Urbain had been beforehand with him in finding an entrance to her heart. The object of the meeting was to agree as to the best means of driving the common enemy out of Loudon and its neighbourhood.
Urbain’s life was so well ordered that it presented little which his enemies could use as a handle for their purpose. His only foible seemed to be a predilection76 for female society; while in return all the wives and daughters of the place, with the unerring instinct of their sex, seeing, that the new priest was young, handsome, and eloquent77, chose him, whenever it was possible, as their spiritual director. As this preference had already offended many husbands and fathers, the decision the conspirators78 arrived at was that on this side alone was Grandier vulnerable, and that their only chance of success was to attack him where he was weakest. Almost at once, therefore, the vague reports which had been floating about began to attain26 a certain definiteness: there were allusions79 made, though no name was mentioned, to a young girl in Loudun; who in spite of Grandier’s frequent unfaithfulness yet remained his mistress-in-chief; then it began to be whispered that the young girl, having had conscientious80 scruples81 about her love for Urbain, he had allayed82 them by an act of sacrilege—that is to say, he had, as priest, in the middle of the night, performed the service of marriage between himself and his mistress. The more absurd the reports, the more credence83 did they gain, and it was not long till everyone in Loudun believed them true, although no one was able to name the mysterious heroine of the tale who had had the courage to contract a marriage with a priest; and considering how small Loudun was, this was most extraordinary.
Resolute84 and full of courage as was Grandier, at length he could not conceal85 from himself that his path lay over quicksands: he felt that slander86 was secretly closing him round, and that as soon as he was well entangled87 in her shiny folds, she would reveal herself by raising her abhorred88 head, and that then a mortal combat between them would begin. But it was one of his convictions that to draw back was to acknowledge one’s guilt21; besides, as far as he was concerned, it was probably too late for him to retrace89 his steps. He therefore went on his way, as unyielding, as scornful, and as haughty as ever.
Among those who were supposed to be most active in spreading the slanders90 relative to Urbain was a man called Duthibaut, a person of importance in the province, who was supposed by the townspeople to hold very advanced views, and who was a “Sir Oracle” to whom the commonplace and vulgar turned for enlightenment. Some of this man’s strictures on Grandier were reported to the latter, especially some calumnies91 to which Duthibaut had given vent48 at the Marquis de Bellay’s; and one day, Grandier, arrayed in priestly garments, was about to enter the church of Sainte-Croix to assist in the service, he encountered Duthibaut at the entrance, and with his usual haughty disdain accused him of slander. Duthibaut, who had got into the habit of saying and doing whatever came into his head without fear of being called to account, partly because of his wealth and partly because of the influence he had gained over the narrow-minded, who are so numerous in a small provincial town, and who regarded him as being much above them, was so furious at this public reprimand, that he raised his cane92 and struck Urbain.
The opportunity which this affront93 afforded Grandier of being revenged on all his enemies was too precious to be neglected, but, convinced, with too much reason, that he would never obtain justice from the local authorities, although the respect due to the Church had been infringed94, in his person he decided95 to appeal to King Louis XIII, who deigned96 to receive him, and deciding that the insult offered to a priest robed in the sacred vestments should be expiated97, sent the cause to the high court of Parliament, with instructions that the case against Duthibaut should be tried and decided there.
Hereupon Urbain’s enemies saw they had no time to lose, and took advantage of his absence to make counter accusations98 against him. Two worthies99 beings, named Cherbonneau and Bugrau, agreed to become informers, and were brought before the ecclesiastical magistrate at Poitiers. They accused Grandier of having corrupted100 women and girls, of indulging in blasphemy101 and profanity, of neglecting to read his breviary daily, and of turning God’s sanctuary102 into a place of debauchery and prostitution. The information was taken down, and Louis Chauvet, the civil lieutenant103, and the archpriest of Saint-Marcel and the Loudenois, were appointed to investigate the matter, so that, while Urbain was instituting proceedings104 against Duthibaut in Paris, information was laid against himself in Loudun. This matter thus set going was pushed forward with all the acrimony so common in religious prosecutions106; Trinquant appeared as a witness, and drew many others after him, and whatever omissions107 were found in the depositions108 were interpolated according to the needs of the prosecution105. The result was that the case when fully110 got up appeared to be so serious that it was sent to the Bishop19 of Poitiers for trial. Now the bishop was not only surrounded by the friends of those who were bringing the accusations against Grandier, but had himself a grudge111 against him. It had happened some time before that Urbain, the case being urgent, had dispensed112 with the usual notice of a marriage, and the bishop, knowing this, found in the papers laid before him, superficial as they were, sufficient evidence against Urbain to justify113 him in issuing a warrant for his apprehension114, which was drawn up in the following words:
“Henri-Louis, Chataignier de la Rochepezai, by divine mercy Bishop of Poitiers, in view of the charges and informations conveyed to us by the archpriest of Loudun against Urbain Grandier, priest-in-charge of the Church of Saint-Pierre in the Market-Place at Loudun, in virtue of a commission appointed by us directed to the said archpriest, or in his absence to the Prior of Chassaignes, in view also of the opinion given by our attorney upon the said charges, have ordered and do hereby order that Urbain Grandier, the accused, be quietly taken to the prison in our palace in Poitiers, if it so be that he be taken and apprehended115, and if not, that he be summoned to appear at his domicile within three days, by the first apparitor-priest, or tonsured116 clerk, and also by the first royal sergeant117, upon this warrant, and we request the aid of the secular118 authorities, and to them, or to any one of them, we hereby give power and authority to carry out this decree notwithstanding any opposition or appeal, and the said Grandier having been heard, such a decision will be given by our attorney as the facts may seem to warrant.
“Given at Dissay the 22nd day of October 1629, and signed in the original as follows:
“HENRI-LOUIS, Bishop of Poitiers.”
Grandier was, as we have said, at Paris when these proceedings were taken against him, conducting before the Parliament his case against Duthibaut. The latter received a copy of the decision arrived at by the bishop, before Grandier knew of the charges that had been formulated119 against him, and having in the course of his defence drawn a terrible picture of the immorality120 of Grandier’s life, he produced as a proof of the truth of his assertions the damning document which had been put into his hands. The court, not knowing what to think of the turn affairs had taken, decided that before considering the accusations brought by Grandier, he must appear before his bishop to clear himself of the charges, brought against himself. Consequently he left Paris at once, and arrived at Loudun, where he only stayed long enough to learn what had happened in his absence, and then went on to Poitiers in order to draw up his defence. He had, however, no sooner set foot in the place than he was arrested by a sheriff’s officer named Chatry, and confined in the prison of the episcopal palace.
It was the middle of November, and the prison was at all times cold and damp, yet no attention was paid to Grandier’s request that he should be transferred to some other place of confinement121. Convinced by this that his enemies had more influence than he had supposed, he resolved to possess his soul in patience, and remained a prisoner for two months, during which even his warmest friends believed him lost, while Duthibaut openly laughed at the proceedings instituted against himself, which he now believed would never go any farther, and Barot had already selected one of his heirs, a certain Ismael Boulieau, as successor to Urbain as priest and prebendary.
It was arranged that the costs of the lawsuit should be defrayed out of a fund raised by the prosecutors123, the rich paying for the poor; for as all the witnesses lived at Loudun and the trial was to take place at Poitiers, considerable expense would be incurred124 by the necessity of bringing so many people such a distance; but the lust125 of vengeance126 proved stronger than the lust of gold; the subscription127 expected from each being estimated according to his fortune, each paid without a murmur128, and at the end of two months the case was concluded.
In spite of the evident pains taken by the prosecution to strain the evidence against the defendant129, the principal charge could not be sustained, which was that he had led astray many wives and daughters in Loudun. No one woman came forward to complain of her ruin by Grandier; the name of no single victim of his alleged130 immorality was given. The conduct of the case was the most extraordinary ever seen; it was evident that the accusations were founded on hearsay131 and not on fact, and yet a decision and sentence against Grandier were pronounced on January 3rd, 1630. The sentence was as follows: For three months to fast each Friday on bread and water by way of penance132; to be inhibited133 from the performance of clerical functions in the diocese of Poitiers for five years, and in the town of Loudun for ever.
Both parties appealed from this decision: Grandier to the Archbishop of Bordeaux, and his adversaries134, on the advice of the attorney to the diocese, pleading a miscarriage135 of justice, to the Parliament of Paris; this last appeal being made in order to overwhelm Grandier and break his spirit. But Grandier’s resolution enabled him to face this attack boldly: he engaged counsel to defend his case before the Parliament, while he himself conducted his appeal to the Archbishop of Bordeaux. But as there were many necessary witnesses, and it was almost impossible to bring them all such a great distance, the archiepiscopal court sent the appeal to the presidial court of Poitiers. The public prosecutor122 of Poitiers began a fresh investigation136, which being conducted with impartiality137 was not encouraging to Grandier’s accusers. There had been many conflicting statements made by the witnesses, and these were now repeated: other witnesses had declared quite openly that they had been bribed138; others again stated that their depositions had been tampered139 with; and amongst these latter was a certain priest named Mechin, and also that Ishmael Boulieau whom Barot had been in such a hurry to select as candidate for the reversion of Grandier’s preferments. Boulieau’s deposition109 has been lost, but we can lay Mechin’s before the reader, for the original has been preserved, just as it issued from his pen:
“I, Gervais Mechin, curate-in-charge of the Church of Saint-Pierre in the Market Place at Loudun, certify140 by these presents, signed by my hand, to relieve my conscience as to a certain report which is being spread abroad, that I had said in support of an accusation brought by Gilles Robert, archpriest, against Urbain Grandier, priest-in-charge of Saint-Pierre, that I had found the said Grandier lying with women and girls in the church of Saint Pierre, the doors being closed.
“ITEM. that on several different occasions, at unsuitable hours both day and night, I had seen women and girls disturb the said Grandier by going into his bedroom, and that some of the said women remained with him from one o’clock in the after noon till three o’clock the next morning, their maids bringing them their suppers and going away again at once.
“ITEM. that I had seen the said Grandier in the church, the doors being open, but that as soon as some women entered he closed them.
“As I earnestly desire that such reports should cease, I declare by these presents that I have never seen the said Grandier with women or girls in the church, the doors being closed; that I have never found him there alone with women or girls; that when he spoke141 to either someone else was always present, and the doors were open; and as to their posture142, I think I made it sufficiently143 clear when in the witness-box that Grandier was seated and the women scattered144 over the church; furthermore, I have never seen either women or girls enter Grandier’s bedroom either by day or night, although it is true that I have heard people in the corridor coming and going late in the evening, who they were I cannot say, but a brother of the said Grandier sleeps close by; neither have I any knowledge that either women or girls, had their suppers brought to the said room. I have also never said that he neglected the reading of his breviary, because that would be contrary to the truth, seeing that on several occasions he borrowed mine and read his hours in it. I also declare that I have never seen him close the doors of the church, and that whenever I have seen him speaking to women I have never noticed any impropriety; I have not ever seen him touch them in any way, they have only spoken together; and if anything is found in my deposition contrary to the above, it is without my knowledge, and was never read to me, for I would not have signed it, and I say and affirm all this in homage145 to the truth.
“Done the last day of October 1630, “(Signed) G. MECHIN.”
In the face of such proofs of innocence none of the accusations could be considered as established and so, according to the decision of the presidial court of Poitiers, dated the 25th of May 1634, the decision of the bishop’s court was reversed, and Grandier was acquitted of the charges brought against him. However, he had still to appear before the Archbishop of Bordeaux, that his acquittal might be ratified146. Grandier took advantage of a visit which the archbishop paid to his abbey at Saint-Jouin-les-Marmes, which was only three leagues from Loudun, to make this appearance; his adversaries, who were discouraged by the result of the proceedings at Poitiers, scarcely made any defence, and the archbishop, after an examination which brought clearly to light the innocence of the accused, acquitted and absolved147 him.
The rehabilitation148 of Grandier before his bishop had two important results: the first was that it clearly established his innocence, and the second that it brought into prominence149 his high attainments and eminent150 qualities. The archbishop seeing the persecutions to which he was subjected, felt a kindly151 interest in him, and advised him to exchange into some other diocese, leaving a town the principal inhabitants of which appeared to have vowed152 him a relentless hate. But such an abandonment of his rights was foreign to the character of Urbain, and he declared to his superior that, strong in His Grace’s approbation153 and the testimony154 of his own conscience, he would remain in the place to which God had called him. Monseigneur de Sourdis did not feel it his duty to urge Urbain any further, but he had enough insight into his character to perceive that if Urbain should one day fall, it would be, like Satan, through pride; for he added another sentence to his decision, recommending him to fulfil the duties of his office with discretion155 and modesty156, according to the decrees of the Fathers and the canonical157 constitutions. The triumphal entry of Urbain into Loudun with which we began our narrative shows the spirit in which he took his recommendation.
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provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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improvised
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| a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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vibration
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| n.颤动，振动；摆动 | |
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uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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evoked
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| [医]诱发的 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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vouchsafing
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| v.给予，赐予( vouchsafe的现在分词 )；允诺 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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commotion
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| n.骚动，动乱 | |
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ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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choir
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| n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱 | |
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illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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nave
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| n.教堂的中部；本堂 | |
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acquitted
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| 宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（自己）作出某种表现 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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accusation
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| n.控告，指责，谴责 | |
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guilt
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| n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责 | |
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magistrate
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| n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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sable
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| n.黑貂；adj.黑色的 | |
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attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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attainments
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| 成就，造诣； 获得( attainment的名词复数 )； 达到； 造诣； 成就 | |
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oratory
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| n.演讲术；词藻华丽的言辞 | |
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oratorical
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| adj.演说的，雄辩的 | |
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30
bestowal
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| 赠与，给与； 贮存 | |
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31
usurper
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| n. 篡夺者, 僭取者 | |
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32
jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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33
fathomed
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| 理解…的真意( fathom的过去式和过去分词 )； 彻底了解； 弄清真相 | |
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34
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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35
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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36
mendicant
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| n.乞丐；adj.行乞的 | |
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37
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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38
Augmented
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| adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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39
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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40
sarcastic
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| adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的 | |
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41
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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42
inflexibility
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| n.不屈性，顽固，不变性；不可弯曲；非挠性；刚性 | |
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43
lawsuit
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| n.诉讼，控诉 | |
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44
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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45
provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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46
iota
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| n.些微，一点儿 | |
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47
vindictive
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| adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的 | |
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48
vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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49
narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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50
straightforward
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| adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的 | |
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51
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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52
piety
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|
| n.虔诚，虔敬 | |
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53
affected
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|
| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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54
asceticism
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|
| n.禁欲主义 | |
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55
lawsuits
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|
| n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 ) | |
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56
humiliation
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|
| n.羞辱 | |
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57
relentless
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|
| adj.残酷的，不留情的，无怜悯心的 | |
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58
disdain
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|
| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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59
horde
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|
| n.群众，一大群 | |
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60
considerably
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|
| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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61
epoch
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| n.(新)时代；历元 | |
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62
retirement
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|
| n.退休，退职 | |
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63
WHIMS
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| 虚妄，禅病 | |
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64
imprisoned
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|
| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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65
intervention
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| n.介入，干涉，干预 | |
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66
malice
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|
| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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67
innocence
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|
| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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68
followers
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|
| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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69
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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70
motives
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|
| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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71
conspiracy
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|
| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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72
steadfastly
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|
| adv.踏实地，不变地；岿然；坚定不渝 | |
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73
fixed
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|
| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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74
inexplicable
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|
| adj.无法解释的，难理解的 | |
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75
indifference
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|
| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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76
predilection
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| n.偏好 | |
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77
eloquent
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|
| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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78
conspirators
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|
| n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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79
allusions
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|
| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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80
conscientious
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|
| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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81
scruples
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|
| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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82
allayed
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|
| v.减轻，缓和( allay的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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83
credence
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|
| n.信用，祭器台，供桌，凭证 | |
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84
resolute
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|
| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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85
conceal
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|
| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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86
slander
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| n./v.诽谤，污蔑 | |
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87
entangled
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|
| adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
abhorred
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|
| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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89
retrace
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|
| v.折回；追溯，探源 | |
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90
slanders
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| 诽谤，诋毁( slander的名词复数 ) | |
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91
calumnies
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|
| n.诬蔑，诽谤，中伤（的话）( calumny的名词复数 ) | |
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92
cane
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|
| n.手杖，细长的茎，藤条；v.以杖击，以藤编制的 | |
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93
affront
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|
| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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94
infringed
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|
| v.违反（规章等）( infringe的过去式和过去分词 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等） | |
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95
decided
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|
| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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96
deigned
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|
| v.屈尊，俯就( deign的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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97
expiated
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|
| v.为（所犯罪过）接受惩罚，赎（罪）( expiate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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98
accusations
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|
| n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名 | |
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99
worthies
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|
| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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100
corrupted
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|
| （使）败坏( corrupt的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）腐化； 引起（计算机文件等的）错误； 破坏 | |
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101
blasphemy
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|
| n.亵渎，渎神 | |
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102
sanctuary
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|
| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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103
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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104
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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105
prosecution
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| n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营 | |
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106
prosecutions
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| 起诉( prosecution的名词复数 )； 原告； 实施； 从事 | |
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107
omissions
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|
| n.省略( omission的名词复数 )；删节；遗漏；略去或漏掉的事（或人） | |
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108
depositions
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|
| 沉积（物）( deposition的名词复数 )； （在法庭上的）宣誓作证； 处置； 罢免 | |
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109
deposition
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| n.免职，罢官；作证；沉淀；沉淀物 | |
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110
fully
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|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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111
grudge
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|
| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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112
dispensed
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|
| v.分配( dispense的过去式和过去分词 )；施与；配（药） | |
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113
justify
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|
| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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114
apprehension
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|
| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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115
apprehended
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| 逮捕，拘押( apprehend的过去式和过去分词 )； 理解 | |
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116
tonsured
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| v.剃( tonsure的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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117
sergeant
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| n.警官，中士 | |
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118
secular
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|
| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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119
formulated
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|
| v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示 | |
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120
immorality
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| n. 不道德, 无道义 | |
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121
confinement
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| n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限 | |
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122
prosecutor
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| n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人 | |
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123
prosecutors
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| 检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人 | |
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124
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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125
lust
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|
| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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126
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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127
subscription
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| n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方） | |
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128
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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129
defendant
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| n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的 | |
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130
alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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131
hearsay
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| n.谣传，风闻 | |
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132
penance
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| n.（赎罪的）惩罪 | |
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133
inhibited
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| a.拘谨的，拘束的 | |
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134
adversaries
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|
| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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135
miscarriage
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|
| n.失败，未达到预期的结果；流产 | |
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136
investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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137
impartiality
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|
| n. 公平, 无私, 不偏 | |
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138
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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139
tampered
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|
| v.窜改( tamper的过去式 )；篡改；（用不正当手段）影响；瞎摆弄 | |
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140
certify
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|
| vt.证明，证实；发证书(或执照)给 | |
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141
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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142
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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143
sufficiently
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|
| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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144
scattered
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|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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145
homage
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|
| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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146
ratified
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|
| v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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147
absolved
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|
| 宣告…无罪，赦免…的罪行，宽恕…的罪行( absolve的过去式和过去分词 )； 不受责难，免除责任 [义务] ,开脱（罪责） | |
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148
rehabilitation
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| n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位 | |
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149
prominence
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| n.突出；显著；杰出；重要 | |
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150
eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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151
kindly
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|
| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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152
vowed
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| 起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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153
approbation
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| n.称赞；认可 | |
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154
testimony
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|
| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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155
discretion
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|
| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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156
modesty
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|
| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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157
canonical
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| n.权威的；典型的 | |
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