The condition of their affairs caused Maurice a terrible dejection. Had the Germans been more enterprising they might have pitched their tents that night in the Place du Carrousel, but with the prudence7 of their race they had determined that the siege should be conducted according to rule and precept8, and had already fixed9 upon the exact lines of investment, the position of the army of the Meuse being at the north, stretching from Croissy to the Marne, through Epinay, the cordon10 of the third army at the south, from Chennevieres to Chatillon and Bougival, while general headquarters, with King William, Bismarck, and General von Moltke, were established at Versailles. The gigantic blockade, that no one believed could be successfully completed, was an accomplished12 fact; the city, with its girdle of fortifications eight leagues and a half in length, embracing fifteen forts and six detached redoubts, was henceforth to be transformed into a huge prison-pen. And the army of the defenders15 comprised only the 13th corps, commanded by General Vinoy, and the 14th, then in process of reconstruction16 under General Ducrot, the two aggregating17 an effective strength of eighty thousand men; to which were to be added fourteen thousand sailors, fifteen thousand of the francs corps, and a hundred and fifteen thousand mobiles, not to mention the three hundred thousand National Guards distributed among the sectional divisions of the ramparts. If this seems like a large force it must be remembered that there were few seasoned and trained soldiers among its numbers. Men were constantly being drilled and equipped; Paris was a great intrenched camp. The preparations for the defense20 went on from hour to hour with feverish21 haste; roads were built, houses demolished23 within the military zone; the two hundred siege guns and the twenty-five hundred pieces of lesser24 caliber25 were mounted in position, other guns were cast; an arsenal26, complete in every detail, seemed to spring from the earth under the tireless efforts of Dorian, the patriotic27 war minister. When, after the rupture28 of the negotiations29 at Ferrieres, Jules Favre acquainted the country with M. von Bismarck's demands--the cession30 of Alsace, the garrison31 of Strasbourg to be surrendered, three milliards of indemnity33--a cry of rage went up and the continuation of the war was demanded by acclaim34 as a condition indispensable to the country's existence. Even with no hope of victory Paris must defend herself in order that France might live.
On a Sunday toward the end of September Maurice was detailed35 to carry a message to the further end of the city, and what he witnessed along the streets he passed through filled him with new hope. Ever since the defeat of Chatillon it had seemed to him that the courage of the people was rising to a level with the great task that lay before them. Ah! that Paris that he had known so thoughtless, so wayward, so keen in the pursuit of pleasure; he found it now quite changed, simple, earnest, cheerfully brave, ready for every sacrifice. Everyone was in uniform; there was scarce a head that was not decorated with the _kepi_ of the National Guard. Business of every sort had come to a sudden standstill, as the hands of a watch cease to move when the mainspring snaps, and at the public meetings, among the soldiers in the guard-room, or where the crowds collected in the streets, there was but one subject of conversation, inflaming36 the hearts and minds of all--the determination to conquer. The contagious37 influence of illusion, scattered38 broadcast, unbalanced weaker minds; the people were tempted39 to acts of generous folly40 by the tension to which they were subjected. Already there was a taint41 of morbid42, nervous excitability in the air, a feverish condition in which men's hopes and fears alike became distorted and exaggerated, arousing the worst passions of humanity at the slightest breath of suspicion. And Maurice was witness to a scene in the Rue43 des Martyrs44 that produced a profound impression on him, the assault made by a band of infuriated men on a house from which, at one of the upper windows, a bright light had been displayed all through the night, a signal, evidently, intended to reach the Prussians at Bellevue over the roofs of Paris. There were jealous citizens who spent all their nights on their house-tops, watching what was going on around them. The day before a poor wretch45 had had a narrow escape from drowning at the hands of the mob, merely because he had opened a map of the city on a bench in the Tuileries gardens and consulted it.
And that epidemic47 of suspicion Maurice, who had always hitherto been so liberal and fair-minded, now began to feel the influence of in the altered views he was commencing to entertain concerning men and things. He had ceased to give way to despair, as he had done after the rout at Chatillon, when he doubted whether the French army would ever muster48 up sufficient manhood to fight again: the sortie of the 30th of September on l'Hay and Chevilly, that of the 13th of October, in which the mobiles gained possession of Bagneux, and finally that of October 21, when his regiment captured and held for some time the park of la Malmaison, had restored to him all his confidence, that flame of hope that a spark sufficed to light and was extinguished as quickly. It was true the Prussians had repulsed49 them in every direction, but for all that the troops had fought bravely; they might yet be victorious51 in the end. It was Paris now that was responsible for the young man's gloomy forebodings, that great fickle52 city that at one moment was cheered by bright illusions and the next was sunk in deepest despair, ever haunted by the fear of treason in its thirst for victory. Did it not seem as if Trochu and Ducrot were treading in the footsteps of the Emperor and Marshal MacMahon and about to prove themselves incompetent53 leaders, the unconscious instruments of their country's ruin? The same movement that had swept away the Empire was now threatening the Government of National Defense, a fierce longing54 of the extremists to place themselves in control in order that they might save France by the methods of '92; even now Jules Favre and his co-members were more unpopular than the old ministers of Napoleon III. had ever been. Since they would not fight the Prussians, they would do well to make way for others, for those revolutionists who saw an assurance of victory in decreeing the _levee en masse_, in lending an ear to those visionaries who proposed to mine the earth beneath the Prussians' feet, or annihilate55 them all by means of a new fashioned Greek fire.
Just previous to the 31st of October Maurice was more than usually a victim to this malady56 of distrust and barren speculation57. He listened now approvingly to crude fancies that would formerly58 have brought a smile of contempt to his lips. Why should he not? Were not imbecility and crime abroad in the land? Was it unreasonable59 to look for the miraculous60 when his world was falling in ruins about him? Ever since the time he first heard the tidings of Froeschwiller, down there in front of Mulhausen, he had harbored a deep-seated feeling of rancor61 in his breast; he suffered from Sedan as from a raw sore, that bled afresh with every new reverse; the memory of their defeats, with all the anguish62 they entailed63, was ever present to his mind; body and mind enfeebled by long marches, sleepless64 nights, and lack of food, inducing a mental torpor65 that left them doubtful even if they were alive; and the thought that so much suffering was to end in another and an irremediable disaster maddened him, made of that cultured man an unreflecting being, scarce higher in the scale than a very little child, swayed by each passing impulse of the moment. Anything, everything, destruction, extermination66, rather than pay a penny of French money or yield an inch of French soil! The revolution that since the first reverse had been at work within him, sweeping67 away the legend of Napoleonic glory, the sentimental68 Bonapartism that he owed to the epic69 narratives70 of his grandfather, was now complete. He had ceased to be a believer in Republicanism, pure and simple, considering the remedy not drastic enough; he had begun to dabble72 in the theories of the extremists, he was a believer in the necessity of the Terror as the only means of ridding them of the traitors73 and imbeciles who were about to slay74 the country. And so it was that he was heart and soul with the insurgents75 when, on the 31st of October, tidings of disaster came pouring in on them in quick succession: the loss of Bourget, that had been captured from the enemy only a few days before by a dashing surprise; M. Thiers' return to Versailles from his visit to the European capitals, prepared to treat for peace, so it was said, in the name of Napoleon III.; and finally the capitulation of Metz, rumors77 of which had previously78 been current and which was now confirmed, the last blow of the bludgeon, another Sedan, only attended by circumstances of blacker infamy79. And when he learned next day the occurrences at the Hotel de Ville--how the insurgents had been for a brief time successful, how the members of the Government of National Defense had been made prisoners and held until four o'clock in the morning, how finally the fickle populace, swayed at one moment by detestation for the ministers and at the next terrified by the prospect81 of a successful revolution, had released them--he was filled with regret at the miscarriage82 of the attempt, at the non-success of the Commune, which might have been their salvation83, calling the people to arms, warning them of the country's danger, arousing the cherished memories of a nation that wills it will not perish. Thiers did not dare even to set his foot in Paris, where there was some attempt at illumination to celebrate the failure of the negotiations.
The month of November was to Maurice a period of feverish expectancy84. There were some conflicts of no great importance, in which he had no share. His regiment was in cantonments at the time in the vicinity of Saint-Ouen, whence he made his escape as often as he could to satisfy his craving85 for news. Paris, like him, was awaiting the issue of events in eager suspense86. The election of municipal officers seemed to have appeased87 political passion for the time being, but a circumstance that boded88 no good for the future was that those elected were rabid adherents89 of one or another party. And what Paris was watching and praying for in that interval90 of repose91 was the grand sortie that was to bring them victory and deliverance. As it had always been, so it was now; confidence reigned93 everywhere: they would drive the Prussians from their position, would pulverize94 them, annihilate them. Great preparations were being made in the peninsula of Gennevilliers, the point where there was most likelihood of the operation being attended with success. Then one morning came the joyful95 tidings of the victory at Coulmiers; Orleans was recaptured, the army of the Loire was marching to the relief of Paris, was even then, so it was reported, in camp at Etampes. The aspect of affairs was entirely96 changed: all they had to do now was to go and effect a junction97 with it beyond the Marne. There had been a general reorganization of the forces; three armies had been created, one composed of the battalions98 of National Guards and commanded by General Clement100 Thomas, another, comprising the 13th and 14th corps, to which were added a few reliable regiments101, selected indiscriminately wherever they could be found, was to form the main column of attack under the lead of General Ducrot, while the third, intended to act as a reserve, was made up entirely of mobiles and turned over to General Vinoy. And when Maurice laid him down to sleep in the wood of Vincennes on the night of the 28th of November, with his comrades of the 115th, he was without a doubt of their success. The three corps of the second army were all there, and it was common talk that their junction with the army of the Loire had been fixed for the following day at Fontainebleau. Then ensued a series of mischances, the usual blunders arising from want of foresight102; a sudden rising of the river, which prevented the engineers from laying the pontoon bridge; conflicting orders, which delayed the movement of the troops. The 115th was among the first regiments to pass the river on the following night, and in the neighborhood of ten o'clock, with Maurice in its ranks, it entered Champigny under a destructive fire. The young man was wild with excitement; he fired so rapidly that his chassepot burned his fingers, notwithstanding the intense cold. His sole thought was to push onward103, ever onward, surmounting104 every obstacle until they should join their brothers from the provinces over there across the river. But in front of Champigny and Bry the army fell up against the park walls of Coeuilly and Villiers, that the Prussians had converted into impregnable fortresses105, more than a quarter of a mile in length. The men's courage faltered107, and after that the action went on in a half-hearted way; the 3d corps was slow in getting up, the 1st and 2d, unable to advance, continued for two days longer to hold Champigny, which they finally abandoned on the night of December 2, after their barren victory. The whole army retired108 to the wood of Vincennes, where the men's only shelter was the snow-laden branches of the trees, and Maurice, whose feet were frost-bitten, laid his head upon the cold ground and cried.
The gloom and dejection that reigned in the city, after the failure of that supreme109 effort, beggars the powers of description. The great sortie that had been so long in preparation, the irresistible110 eruption111 that was to be the deliverance of Paris, had ended in disappointment, and three days later came a communication from General von Moltke under a flag of truce112, announcing that the army of the Loire had been defeated and that the German flag again waved over Orleans. The girdle was being drawn113 tighter and tighter about the doomed114 city all whose struggles were henceforth powerless to burst its iron fetters115. But Paris seemed to accumulate fresh powers of resistance in the delirium116 of its despair. It was certain that ere long they would have to count famine among the number of their foes117. As early as October the people had been restricted in their consumption of butcher's meat, and in December, of all the immense herds118 of beeves and flocks of sheep that had been turned loose in the Bois de Boulogne, there was not a single creature left alive, and horses were being slaughtered119 for food. The stock of flour and wheat, with what was subsequently taken for the public use by forced sale, it was estimated would keep the city supplied with bread for four months. When the flour was all consumed mills were erected121 in the railway stations to grind the grain. The supply of coal, too, was giving out; it was reserved to bake the bread and for use in the mills and arms factories. And Paris, her streets without gas and lighted by petroleum122 lamps at infrequent intervals123; Paris, shivering under her icy mantle124; Paris, to whom the authorities doled126 out her scanty127 daily ration19 of black bread and horse flesh, continued to hope--in spite of all, talking of Faidherbe in the north, of Chanzy on the Loire, of Bourbaki in the east, as if their victorious armies were already beneath the walls. The men and women who stood waiting, their feet in snow and slush, in interminable lines before the bakers129' and butchers' shops, brightened up a bit at times at the news of some imaginary success of the army. After the discouragement of each defeat the unquenchable flame of their illusion would burst out and blaze more brightly than ever among those wretched people, whom starvation and every kind of suffering had rendered almost delirious130. A soldier on the Place du Chateau131 d'Eau having spoken of surrender, the by-standers mobbed and were near killing133 him. While the army, its endurance exhausted134, feeling the end was near, called for peace, the populace clamored still for the sortie _en masse_, the torrential sortie, in which the entire population of the capital, men, women, and children, even, should take part, rushing upon the Prussians like water from a broken dyke135 and overwhelming them by sheer force of numbers.
And Maurice kept himself apart from his comrades, with an ever-increasing disgust for the life and duties of a soldier, that condemned136 him to inactivity and uselessness behind the ramparts of Mont-Valerien. He grasped every occasion to get away and hasten to Paris, where his heart was. It was in the midst of the great city's thronging137 masses alone that he found rest and peace of mind; he tried to force himself to hope as they hoped. He often went to witness the departure of the balloons, which were sent up every other day from the station of the Northern Railway with a freight of despatches and carrier pigeons. They rose when the ropes were cast loose and soon were lost to sight in the cheerless wintry sky, and all hearts were filled with anguish when the wind wafted139 them in the direction of the German frontier. Many of them were never heard of more. He had himself twice written to his sister Henriette, without ever learning if she had received his letters. The memory of his sister and of Jean, living as they did in that outer, shadowy world from which no tidings ever reached him now, was become so blurred140 and faint that he thought of them but seldom, as of affections that he had left behind him in some previous existence. The incessant141 conflict of despair and hope in which he lived occupied all the faculties142 of his being too fully11 to leave room for mere46 human feelings. Then, too, in the early days of January he was goaded143 to the verge144 of frenzy145 by the action of the enemy in shelling the district on the left bank of the river. He had come to credit the Prussians with reasons of humanity for their abstention, which was in fact due simply to the difficulties they experienced in bringing up their guns and getting them in position. Now that a shell had killed two little girls at the Val-de-Grace, his scorn and hatred146 knew no bounds for those barbarous ruffians who murdered little children and threatened to burn the libraries and museums. After the first days of terror, however, Paris had resumed its life of dogged, unfaltering heroism147.
Since the reverse of Champigny there had been but one other attempt, ending in disaster like the rest, in the direction of Bourget; and the evening when the plateau of Avron was evacuated148, under the fire of the heavy siege artillery149 battering150 away at the forts, Maurice was a sharer in the rage and exasperation151 that possessed152 the entire city. The growing unpopularity that threatened to hurl153 from power General Trochu and the Government of National Defense was so augmented154 by this additional repulse50 that they were compelled to attempt a supreme and hopeless effort. What, did they refuse the services of the three hundred thousand National Guards, who from the beginning had been demanding their share in the peril156 and in the victory! This time it was to be the torrential sortie that had all along been the object of the popular clamor; Paris was to throw open its dikes and drown the Prussians beneath the on-pouring waves of its children. Notwithstanding the certainty of a fresh defeat, there was no way of avoiding a demand that had its origin in such patriotic motives157; but in order to limit the slaughter120 as far as possible, the chiefs determined to employ, in connection with the regular army, only the fifty-nine mobilized battalions of the National Guard. The day preceding the 19th of January resembled some great public holiday; an immense crowd gathered on the boulevards and in the Champs-Elysees to witness the departing regiments, which marched proudly by, preceded by their bands, the men thundering out patriotic airs. Women and children followed them along the sidewalk, men climbed on the benches to wish them Godspeed. The next morning the entire population of the city hurried out to the Arc de Triomphe, and it was almost frantic159 with delight when at an early hour news came of the capture of Montretout; the tales that were told of the gallant161 behavior of the National Guard sounded like epics162; the Prussians had been beaten all along the line, the French would occupy Versailles before night. As a natural result the consternation was proportionately great when, at nightfall, the inevitable163 defeat became known. While the left wing was seizing Montretout the center, which had succeeded in carrying the outer wall of Buzanval Park, had encountered a second inner wall, before which it broke. A thaw164 had set in, the roads were heavy from the effects of a fine, drizzling165 rain, and the guns, those guns that had been cast by popular subscription166 and were to the Parisians as the apple of their eye, could not get up. On the right General Ducrot's column was tardy167 in getting into action and saw nothing of the fight. Further effort was useless, and General Trochu was compelled to order a retreat. Montretout was abandoned, and Saint-Cloud as well, which the Prussians burned, and when it became fully dark the horizon of Paris was illuminated168 by the conflagration169.
Maurice himself this time felt that the end was come. For four hours he had remained in the park of Buzanval with the National Guards under the galling170 fire from the Prussian intrenchments, and later, when he got back to the city, he spoke132 of their courage in the highest terms. It was undisputed that the Guards fought bravely on that occasion; after that was it not self-evident that all the disasters of the army were to be attributed solely171 to the imbecility and treason of its leaders? In the Rue de Rivoli he encountered bands of men shouting: "Hurrah172 for the Commune! down with Trochu!" It was the leaven173 of revolution beginning to work again in the popular mind, a fresh outbreak of public opinion, and so formidable this time that the Government of National Defense, in order to preserve its own existence, thought it necessary to compel General Trochu's resignation and put General Vinoy in his place. On that same day Maurice, chancing to enter a hall in Belleville where a public meeting was going on, again heard the _levee en masse_ demanded with clamorous174 shouts. He knew the thing to be chimerical175, and yet it set his heart a-beating more rapidly to see such a determined will to conquer. When all is ended, is it not left us to attempt the impossible? All that night he dreamed of miracles.
Then a long week went by, during which Paris lay agonizing176 without a murmur177. The shops had ceased to open their doors; in the lonely streets the infrequent wayfarer178 never met a carriage. Forty thousand horses had been eaten; dogs, cats and rats were now luxuries, commanding a high price. Ever since the supply of wheat had given out the bread was made from rice and oats, and was black, damp, and slimy, and hard to digest; to obtain the ten ounces that constituted a day's ration involved a wait, often of many hours, in line before the bake-house. Ah, the sorrowful spectacle it was, to see those poor women shivering in the pouring rain, their feet in the ice-cold mud and water! the misery179 and heroism of the great city that would not surrender! The death rate had increased threefold; the theaters were converted into hospitals. As soon as it became dark the quarters where luxury and vice155 had formerly held carnival180 were shrouded181 in funereal182 blackness, like the faubourgs of some accursed city, smitten183 by pestilence184. And in that silence, in that obscurity, naught185 was to be heard save the unceasing roar of the cannonade and the crash of bursting shells, naught to be seen save the red flash of the guns illuminating187 the wintry sky.
On the 28th of January the news burst on Paris like a thunderclap that for the past two days negotiations had been going on, between Jules Favre and M. von Bismarck, looking to an armistice188, and at the same time it learned that there was bread for only ten days longer, a space of time that would hardly suffice to revictual the city. Capitulation was become a matter of material necessity. Paris, stupefied by the hard truths that were imparted to it at that late day, remained sullenly190 silent and made no sign. Midnight of that day heard the last shot from the German guns, and on the 29th, when the Prussians had taken possession of the forts, Maurice went with his regiment into the camp that was assigned them over by Montrouge, within the fortifications. The life that he led there was an aimless one, made up of idleness and feverish unrest. Discipline was relaxed; the soldiers did pretty much as they pleased, waiting in inactivity to be dismissed to their homes. He, however, continued to hang around the camp in a semi-dazed condition, moody191, nervous, irritable192, prompt to take offense193 on the most trivial provocation194. He read with avidity all the revolutionary newspapers he could lay hands on; that three weeks' armistice, concluded solely for the purpose of allowing France to elect an assembly that should ratify195 the conditions of peace, appeared to him a delusion196 and a snare197, another and a final instance of treason. Even if Paris were forced to capitulate, he was with Gambetta for the prosecution198 of the war in the north and on the line of the Loire. He overflowed199 with indignation at the disaster of Bourbaki's army in the east, which had been compelled to throw itself into Switzerland, and the result of the elections made him furious: it would be just as he had always predicted; the base, cowardly provinces, irritated by Paris' protracted200 resistance, would insist on peace at any price and restore the monarchy201 while the Prussian guns were still directed on the city. After the first sessions, at Bordeaux, Thiers, elected in twenty-six departments and constituted by unanimous acclaim the chief executive, appeared to his eyes a monster of iniquity202, the father of lies, a man capable of every crime. The terms of the peace concluded by that assemblage of monarchists seemed to him to put the finishing touch to their infamy, his blood boiled merely at the thought of those hard conditions: an indemnity of five milliards, Metz to be given up, Alsace to be ceded158, France's blood and treasure pouring from the gaping203 wound, thenceforth incurable204, that was thus opened in her flank.
Late in February Maurice, unable to endure his situation longer, made up his mind he would desert. A stipulation205 of the treaty provided that the troops encamped about Paris should be disarmed207 and returned to their abodes208, but he did not wait to see it enforced; it seemed to him that it would break his heart to leave brave, glorious Paris, which only famine had been able to subdue209, and so he bade farewell to army life and hired for himself a small furnished room next the roof of a tall apartment house in the Rue des Orties, at the top of the butte des Moulins, whence he had an outlook over the immense sea of roofs from the Tuileries to the Bastille. An old friend, whom he had known while pursuing his law studies, had loaned him a hundred francs. In addition to that he had caused his name to be inscribed210 on the roster211 of a battalion99 of National Guards as soon as he was settled in his new quarters, and his pay, thirty sous a day, would be enough to keep him alive. The idea of going to the country and there leading a tranquil212 life, unmindful of what was happening to the country, filled him with horror; the letters even that he received from his sister Henriette, to whom he had written immediately after the armistice, annoyed him by their tone of entreaty213, their ardent214 solicitations that he would come home to Remilly and rest. He refused point-blank; he would go later on when the Prussians should be no longer there.
And so Maurice went on leading an idle, vagabondish sort of life, in a state of constant feverish agitation215. He had ceased to be tormented216 by hunger; he devoured217 the first white bread he got with infinite gusto; but the city was a prison still: German guards were posted at the gates, and no one was allowed to pass them until he had been made to give an account of himself. There had been no resumption of social life as yet; industry and trade were at a standstill; the people lived from day to day, watching to see what would happen next, doing nothing, simply vegetating218 in the bright sunshine of the spring that was now coming on apace. During the siege there had been the military service to occupy men's minds and tire their limbs, while now the entire population, isolated219 from all the world, had suddenly been reduced to a state of utter stagnation220, mental as well as physical. He did as others did, loitering his time away from morning till night, living in an atmosphere that for months had been vitiated by the germs arising from the half-crazed mob. He read the newspapers and was an assiduous frequenter of public meetings, where he would often smile and shrug221 his shoulders at the rant160 and fustian222 of the speakers, but nevertheless would go away with the most ultra notions teeming223 in his brain, ready to engage in any desperate undertaking224 in the defense of what he considered truth and justice. And sitting by the window in his little bedroom, and looking out over the city, he would still beguile225 himself with dreams of victory; would tell himself that France and the Republic might yet be saved, so long as the treaty of peace remained unsigned.
The 1st of March was the day fixed for the entrance of the Prussians into Paris, and a long-drawn howl of wrath226 and execration227 went up from every heart. Maurice never attended a meeting now that he did not hear Thiers, the Assembly, even the men of September 4th themselves, cursed and reviled228 because they had not spared the great heroic city that crowning degradation229. He was himself one night aroused to such a pitch of frenzy that he took the floor and shouted that it was the duty of all Paris to go and die on the ramparts rather than suffer the entrance of a single Prussian. It was quite natural that the spirit of insurrection should show itself thus, should bud and blossom in the full light of day, among that populace that had first been maddened by months of distress230 and famine and then had found itself reduced to a condition of idleness that afforded it abundant leisure to brood on the suspicions and fancied wrongs that were largely the product of its own disordered imagination. It was one of those moral crises that have been noticed as occurring after every great siege, in which excessive patriotism232, thwarted233 in its aims and aspirations234, after having fired men's minds, degenerates235 into a blind rage for vengeance236 and destruction. The Central Committee, elected by delegates from the National Guard battalions, had protested against any attempt to disarm206 their constituents237. Then came an immense popular demonstration238 on the Place de la Bastille, where there were red flags, incendiary speeches and a crowd that overflowed the square, the affair ending with the murder of a poor inoffensive agent of police, who was bound to a plank239, thrown into the canal, and then stoned to death. And forty-eight hours later, during the night of the 26th of February, Maurice, awakened240 by the beating of the long roll and the sound of the tocsin, beheld241 bands of men and women streaming along the Boulevard des Batignolles and dragging cannon186 after them. He descended242 to the street, and laying hold of the rope of a gun along with some twenty others, was told how the people had gone to the Place Wagram and taken the pieces in order that the Assembly might not deliver them to the Prussians. There were seventy of them; teams were wanting, but the strong arms of the mob, tugging243 at the ropes and pushing at the limbers and axles, finally brought them to the summit of Montmartre with the mad impetuosity of a barbarian244 horde245 assuring the safety of its idols246. When on March 1 the Prussians took possession of the quarter of the Champs Elysees, which they were to occupy only for one day, keeping themselves strictly247 within the limits of the barriers, Paris looked on in sullen189 silence, its streets deserted248, its houses closed, the entire city lifeless and shrouded in its dense249 veil of mourning.
Two weeks more went by, during which Maurice could hardly have told how he spent his time while awaiting the approach of the momentous250 events of which he had a distinct presentiment251. Peace was concluded definitely at last, the Assembly was to commence its regular sessions at Versailles on the 20th of the month; and yet for him nothing was concluded: he felt that they were ere long to witness the beginning of a dreadful drama of atonement. On the 18th of March, as he was about to leave his room, he received a letter from Henriette urging him to come and join her at Remilly, coupled with a playful threat that she would come and carry him off with her if he delayed too long to afford her that great pleasure. Then she went on to speak of Jean, concerning whose affairs she was extremely anxious; she told how, after leaving her late in December to join the Army of the North, he had been seized with a low fever that had kept him long a prisoner in a Belgian hospital, and only the preceding week he had written her that he was about to start for Paris, notwithstanding his enfeebled condition, where he was determined to seek active service once again. Henriette closed her letter by begging her brother to give her a faithful account of how matters were with Jean as soon as he should have seen him. Maurice laid the open letter before him on the table and sank into a confused revery. Henriette, Jean; his sister whom he loved so fondly, his brother in suffering and privation; how absent from his daily thoughts had those dear ones been since the tempest had been raging in his bosom253! He aroused himself, however, and as his sister advised him that she had been unable to give Jean the number of the house in the Rue des Orties, promised himself to go that very day to the office where the regimental records were kept and hunt up his friend. But he had barely got beyond his door and was crossing the Rue Saint-Honore when he encountered two fellow-soldiers of his battalion, who gave him an account of what had happened that morning and during the night before at Montmartre, and the three men started off on a run toward the scene of the disturbance254.
Ah, that day of the 18th of March, the elation255 and enthusiasm that it aroused in Maurice! In after days he could never remember clearly what he said and did. First he beheld himself dimly, as through a veil of mist, convulsed with rage at the recital256 of how the troops had attempted, in the darkness and quiet that precedes the dawn, to disarm Paris by seizing the guns on Montmartre heights. It was evident that Thiers, who had arrived from Bordeaux, had been meditating257 the blow for the last two days, in order that the Assembly at Versailles might proceed without fear to proclaim the monarchy. Then the scene shifted, and he was on the ground at Montmartre itself--about nine o'clock it was--fired by the narrative71 of the people's victory: how the soldiery had come sneaking258 up in the darkness, how the delay in bringing up the teams had given the National Guards an opportunity to fly to arms, the troops, having no heart to fire on women and children, reversing their muskets260 and fraternizing with the people. Then he had wandered desultorily261 about the city, wherever chance directed his footsteps, and by midday had satisfied himself that the Commune was master of Paris, without even the necessity of striking a blow, for Thiers and the ministers had decamped from their quarters in the Ministry262 of Foreign Affairs, the entire government was flying in disorder231 to Versailles, the thirty thousand troops had been hastily conducted from the city, leaving more than five thousand deserters from their numbers along the line of their retreat. And later, about half-past five in the afternoon, he could recall being at a corner of the exterior263 boulevard in the midst of a mob of howling lunatics, listening without the slightest evidence of disapproval264 to the abominable265 story of the murder of Generals Lecomte and Clement Thomas. Generals, they called themselves; fine generals, they! The leaders they had had at Sedan rose before his memory, voluptuaries and imbeciles; one more, one less, what odds266 did it make! And the remainder of the day passed in the same state of half-crazed excitement, which served to distort everything to his vision; it was an insurrection that the very stones of the streets seemed to have favored, spreading, swelling267, finally becoming master of all at a stroke in the unforeseen fatality268 of its triumph, and at ten o'clock in the evening delivering the Hotel de Ville over to the members of the Central Committee, who were greatly surprised to find themselves there.
There was one memory, however, that remained very distinct to Maurice's mind: his unexpected meeting with Jean. It was three days now since the latter had reached Paris, without a sou in his pocket, emaciated269 and enfeebled by the illness that had consigned270 him to a hospital in Brussels and kept him there two months, and having had the luck to fall in with Captain Ravaud, who had commanded a company in the 106th, he had enlisted271 at once in his former acquaintance's new company in the 124th. His old rank as corporal had been restored to him, and that evening he had just left the Prince Eugene barracks with his squad272 on his way to the left bank, where the entire army was to concentrate, when a mob collected about his men and stopped them as they were passing along the boulevard Saint-Martin. The insurgents yelled and shouted, and evidently were preparing to disarm his little band. With perfect coolness he told them to let him alone, that he had no business with them or their affairs; all he wanted was to obey his orders without harming anybody. Then a cry of glad surprise was heard, and Maurice, who had chanced to pass that way, threw himself on the other's neck and gave him a brotherly hug.
"What, is it you! My sister wrote me about you. And just think, no later than this very morning I was going to look you up at the war office!"
Jean's eyes were dim with big tears of pleasure.
"Ah, my dear lad how glad I am to see you once more! I have been looking for you, too, but where could a fellow expect to find you in this confounded great big place?"
To the crowd, continuing their angry muttering, Maurice turned and said:
"Let me talk to them, citizens! They're good fellows; I'll answer for them." He took his friend's hands in his, and lowering his voice: "You'll join us, won't you?"
Jean's face was the picture of surprise. "How, join you? I don't understand." Then for a moment he listened while Maurice railed against the government, against the army, raking up old sores and recalling all their sufferings, telling how at last they were going to be masters, punish dolts273 and cowards and preserve the Republic. And as he struggled to get the problems the other laid before him through his brain, the tranquil face of the unlettered peasant was clouded with an increasing sorrow. "Ah, no! ah, no! my boy. I can't join you if it's for that fine work you want me. My captain told me to go with my men to Vaugirard, and there I'm going. In spite of the devil and his angels I will go there. That's natural enough; you ought to know how it is yourself." He laughed with frank simplicity274 and added:
"It's you who'll come along with us."
But Maurice released his hands with an angry gesture of dissent275, and thus they stood for some seconds, face to face, one under the influence of that madness that was sweeping all Paris off its feet, the malady that had been bequeathed to them by the crimes and follies276 of the late reign92, the other strong in his ignorance and practical common sense, untainted as yet because he had grown up apart from the contaminating principle, in the land where industry and thrift277 were honored. They were brothers, however, none the less; the tie that united them was strong, and it was a pang278 to them both when the crowd suddenly surged forward and parted them.
"_Au revoir_, Maurice!"
"_Au revoir_, Jean!"
It was a regiment, the 79th, debouching from a side street, that had caused the movement among the crowd, forcing the rioters back to the sidewalks by the weight of its compact column, closed in mass. There was some hooting279, but no one ventured to bar the way against the soldier boys, who went by at double time, well under control of their officers. An opportunity was afforded the little squad of the 124th to make their escape, and they followed in the wake of the larger body.
"_Au revoir_, Jean!"
"_Au revoir_, Maurice!"
They waved their hands once more in a parting salute280, yielding to the fatality that decreed their separation in that manner, but each none the less securely seated in the other's heart.
The extraordinary occurrences of the next and the succeeding days crowded on the heels of one another in such swift sequence that Maurice had scarcely time to think. On the morning of the 19th Paris awoke without a government, more surprised than frightened to learn that a panic during the night had sent army, ministers, and all the public service scurrying281 away to Versailles, and as the weather happened to be fine on that magnificent March Sunday, Paris stepped unconcernedly down into the streets to have a look at the barricades282. A great white poster, bearing the signature of the Central Committee and convoking284 the people for the communal285 elections, attracted attention by the moderation of its language, although much surprise was expressed at seeing it signed by names so utterly286 unknown. There can be no doubt that at this incipient287 stage of the Commune Paris, in the bitter memory of what it had endured, in the suspicions by which it was haunted, and in its unslaked thirst for further fighting, was against Versailles. It was a condition of absolute anarchy288, moreover, the conflict for the moment being between the mayors and the Central Committee, the former fruitlessly attempting to introduce measures of conciliation289, while the latter, uncertain as yet to what extent it could rely on the federated National Guard, continued modestly to lay claim to no higher title than that of defender14 of the municipal liberties. The shots fired against the pacific demonstration in the Place Vendome, the few corpses290 whose blood reddened the pavements, first sent a thrill of terror circulating through the city. And while these things were going on, while the insurgents were taking definite possession of the ministries291 and all the public buildings, the agitation, rage and alarm prevailing292 at Versailles were extreme, the government there hastening to get together sufficient troops to repel293 the attack which they felt sure they should not have to wait for long. The steadiest and most reliable divisions of the armies of the North and of the Loire were hurried forward. Ten days sufficed to collect a force of nearly eighty thousand men, and the tide of returning confidence set in so strongly that on the 2d of April two divisions opened hostilities294 by taking from the federates Puteaux and Courbevoie.
It was not until the day following the events just mentioned that Maurice, starting out with his battalion to effect the conquest of Versailles, beheld, amid the throng138 of misty295, feverish memories that rose to his poor wearied brain, Jean's melancholy296 face as he had seen it last, and seemed to hear the tones of his last mournful _au revoir_. The military operations of the Versaillese had filled the National Guard with alarm and indignation; three columns, embracing a total strength of fifty thousand men, had gone storming that morning through Bougival and Meudon on their way to seize the monarchical297 Assembly and Thiers, the murderer. It was the torrential sortie that had been demanded with such insistence298 during the siege, and Maurice asked himself where he should ever see Jean again unless among the dead lying on the field of battle down yonder. But it was not long before he knew the result; his battalion had barely reached the Plateau des Bergeres, on the road to Reuil, when the shells from Mont-Valerien came tumbling among the ranks. Universal consternation reigned; some had supposed that the fort was held by their comrades of the Guard, while others averred299 that the commander had promised solemnly to withhold301 his fire. A wild panic seized upon the men; the battalions broke and rushed back to Paris fast as their legs would let them, while the head of the column, diverted by a flanking movement of General Vinoy, was driven back on Reuil and cut to pieces there.
Then Maurice, who had escaped unharmed from the slaughter, his nerves still quivering with the fury that had inspired him on the battlefield, was filled with fresh detestation for that so-called government of law and order which always allowed itself to be beaten by the Prussians, and could only muster up a little courage when it came to oppressing Paris. And the German armies were still there, from Saint-Denis to Charenton, watching the shameful302 spectacle of internecine303 conflict! Thus, in the fierce longing for vengeance and destruction that animated304 him, he could not do otherwise than sanction the first measures of communistic violence, the building of barricades in the streets and public squares, the arrest of the archbishop, some priests, and former officeholders, who were to be held as hostages. The atrocities305 that distinguished306 either side in that horrible conflict were already beginning to manifest themselves, Versailles shooting the prisoners it made, Paris retaliating307 with a decree that for each one of its soldiers murdered three hostages should forfeit308 their life. The horror of it, that fratricidal conflict, that wretched nation completing the work of destruction by devouring309 its own children! And the little reason that remained to Maurice, in the ruin of all the things he had hitherto held sacred, was quickly dissipated in the whirlwind of blind fury that swept all before it. In his eyes the Commune was to be the avenger310 of all the wrongs they had suffered, the liberator311, coming with fire and sword to purify and punish. He was not quite clear in mind about it all, but remembered having read how great and flourishing the old free cities had become, how wealthy provinces had federated and imposed their law upon the world. If Paris should be victorious he beheld her, crowned with an aureole of glory, building up a new France, where liberty and justice should be the watchwords, organizing a new society, having first swept away the rotten debris312 of the old. It was true that when the result of the elections became known he was somewhat surprised by the strange mixture of moderates, revolutionists, and socialists313 of every sect18 and shade to whom the accomplishment314 of the great work was intrusted; he was acquainted with several of the men and knew them to be of extremely mediocre315 abilities. Would not the strongest among them come in collision and neutralize316 one another amid the clashing ideas which they represented? But on the day when the ceremony of the inauguration317 of the Commune took place before the Hotel de Ville, amid the thunder of artillery and trophies318 and red banners floating in the air, his boundless319 hopes again got the better of his fears and he ceased to doubt. Among the lies of some and the unquestioning faith of others, the illusion started into life again with renewed vigor320, in the acute crisis of the malady raised to paroxysmal pitch.
During the entire month of April Maurice was on duty in the neighborhood of Neuilly. The gentle warmth of the early spring had brought out the blossoms on the lilacs, and the fighting was conducted among the bright verdure of the gardens; the National Guards came into the city at night with bouquets321 of flowers stuck in their muskets. The troops collected at Versailles were now so numerous as to warrant their formation in two armies, a first line under the orders of Marshal MacMahon and a reserve commanded by General Vinoy. The Commune had nearly a hundred thousand National Guards mobilized and as many more on the rosters322 who could be called out at short notice, but fifty thousand were as many as they ever brought into the field at one time. Day by day the plan of attack adopted by the Versaillese became more manifest: after occupying Neuilly they had taken possession of the Chateau of Becon and soon after of Asnieres, but these movements were simply to make the investment more complete, for their intention was to enter the city by the Point-du-Jour soon as the converging323 fire from Mont-Valerien and Fort d'Issy should enable them to carry the rampart there. Mont-Valerien was theirs already, and they were straining every nerve to capture Issy, utilizing324 the works abandoned by the Germans for the purpose. Since the middle of April the fire of musketry and artillery had been incessant; at Levallois and Neuilly the fighting never ceased, the skirmishers blazing away uninterruptedly, by night as well as by day. Heavy guns, mounted on armored cars, moved to and fro on the Belt Railway, shelling Asnieres over the roofs of Levallois. It was at Vanves and Issy, however, that the cannonade was fiercest; it shook the windows of Paris as the siege had done when it was at its height. And when finally, on the 9th of May, Fort d'Issy was obliged to succumb325 and fell into the hands of the Versailles army the defeat of the Commune was assured, and in their frenzy of panic the leaders resorted to most detestable measures.
Maurice favored the creation of a Committee of Public Safety. The warnings of history came to his mind; had not the hour struck for adopting energetic methods if they wished to save the country? There was but one of their barbarities that really pained him, and that was the destruction of the Vendome column; he reproached himself for the feeling as being a childish weakness, but his grandfather's voice still sounded in his ears repeating the old familiar tales of Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena, Eylau, Friedland, Wagram, the Moskowa--those epic narratives that thrilled his pulses yet as often as he thought of them. But that they should demolish22 the house of the murderer Thiers, that they should retain the hostages as a guarantee and a menace, was not that right and just when the Versaillese were unchaining their fury on Paris, bombarding it, destroying its edifices326, slaughtering327 women and children with their shells? As he saw the end of his dream approaching dark thoughts of ruin and destruction filled his mind. If their ideas of justice and retribution were not to prevail, if they were to be crushed out of them with their life-blood, then perish the world, swept away in one of those cosmic upheavals328 that are the beginning of a new life. Let Paris sink beneath the waves, let it go up in smoke and flame, like a gigantic funeral pyre, sooner than let it be again delivered over to its former state of vice and misery, to that old vicious social system of abominable injustice329. And he dreamed another dark, terrible dream, the great city reduced to ashes, naught to be seen on either side the Seine but piles of smoldering330 ruins, the festering wound purified and healed with fire, a catastrophe331 without a name, such as had never been before, whence should arise a new race. Wild stories were everywhere circulated, which interested him intensely, of the mines that were driven under all the quarters of the city, the barrels of powder with which the catacombs were stuffed, the monuments and public buildings ready to be blown into the air at a moment's notice; and all were connected by electric wires in such a way that a single spark would suffice to set them off; there were great stores of inflammable substances, too, especially petroleum, with which the streets and avenues were to be converted into seething332 lakes of flame. The Commune had sworn that should the Versaillese enter the city not one of them would ever get beyond the barricades that closed the ends of the streets; the pavements would yawn, the houses would sink in ruins, Paris would go up in flames, and bury assailants and assailed333 under its ashes.
And if Maurice solaced334 himself with these crazy dreams, it was because of his secret discontent with the Commune itself. He had lost all confidence in its members, he felt it was inefficient335, drawn this way and that by so many conflicting elements, losing its head and becoming purposeless and driveling as it saw the near approach of the peril with which it was menaced. Of the social reforms it had pledged itself to it had not been able to accomplish a single one, and it was now quite certain that it would leave behind it no great work to perpetuate336 its name. But what more than all beside was gnawing337 at its vitals was the rivalries338 by which it was distracted, the corroding339 suspicion and distrust in which each of its members lived. For some time past many of them, the more moderate and the timid, had ceased to attend its sessions. The others shaped their course day by day in accordance with events, trembling at the idea of a possible dictatorship; they had reached that point where the factions340 of revolutionary assemblages exterminate341 one another by way of saving the country. Cluzeret had become suspected, then Dombrowski, and Rossel was about to share their fate. Delescluze, appointed Civil Delegate at War, could do nothing of his own volition342, notwithstanding his great authority. And thus the grand social effort that they had had in view wasted itself in the ever-widening isolation343 about those men, whose power had become a nullity, whose actions were the result of their despair.
In Paris there was an increasing feeling of terror. Paris, irritated at first against Versailles, shivering at the recollection of what it had suffered during the siege, was now breaking away from the Commune. The compulsory344 enrollment345, the decree incorporating every man under forty in the National Guard, had angered the more sedate346 citizens and been the means of bringing about a general exodus347: men in disguise and provided with forged papers of Alsatian citizenship348 made their escape by way of Saint-Denis; others let themselves down into the moat in the darkness of the night with ropes and ladders. The wealthy had long since taken their departure. None of the factories and workshops had opened their doors; trade and commerce there was none; there was no employment for labor349; the life of enforced idleness went on amid the alarmed expectancy of the frightful350 denouement351 that everyone felt could not be far away. And the people depended for their daily bread on the pay of the National Guards, that dole125 of thirty sous that was paid from the millions extorted352 from the Bank of France, the thirty sous for the sake of which alone many men were wearing the uniform, which had been one of the primary causes and the _raison d'etre_ of the insurrection. Whole districts were deserted, the shops closed, the house-fronts lifeless. In the bright May sunshine that flooded the empty streets the few pedestrians353 beheld nothing moving save the barbaric display of the burial of some federates killed in action, the funeral train where no priest walked, the hearse draped with red flags, followed by a crowd of men and women bearing bouquets of immortelles. The churches were closed and did duty each evening as political club-rooms. The revolutionary journals alone were hawked354 about the streets; the others had been suppressed. Great Paris was indeed an unhappy city in those days, what with its republican sympathies that made it detest80 the monarchical Assembly at Versailles and its ever-increasing terror of the Commune, from which it prayed most fervently355 to be delivered among all the grisly stories that were current, the daily arrests of citizens as hostages, the casks of gunpowder356 that filled the sewers357, where men patrolled by day and night awaiting the signal to apply the torch.
Maurice, who had never been a drinking man, allowed himself to be seduced358 by the too prevalent habit of over-indulgence. It had become a thing of frequent occurrence with him now, when he was out on picket359 duty or had to spend the night in barracks, to take a "pony360" of brandy, and if he took a second it was apt to go to his head in the alcohol-laden atmosphere that he was forced to breathe. It had become epidemic, that chronic361 drunkenness, among those men with whom bread was scarce and who could have all the brandy they wanted by asking for it. Toward evening on Sunday, the 21st of May, Maurice came home drunk, for the first time in his life, to his room in the Rue des Orties, where he was in the habit of sleeping occasionally. He had been at Neuilly again that day, blazing away at the enemy and taking a nip now and then with the comrades, to see if it would not relieve the terrible fatigue362 from which he was suffering. Then, with a light head and heavy legs, he came and threw himself on the bed in his little chamber363; it must have been through force of instinct, for he could never remember how he got there. And it was not until the following morning, when the sun was high in the heavens, that he awoke, aroused by the ringing of the alarm bells, the blare of trumpets364 and beating of drums. During the night the Versaillese, finding a gate undefended, had effected an unresisted entrance at the Point-du-Jour.
When he had thrown on his clothes and hastened down into the street, his musket259 slung365 across his shoulder by the strap366, a band of frightened soldiers whom he fell in with at the _mairie_ of the arrondissement related to him the occurrences of the night, in the midst of a confusion such that at first he had hard work to understand. Fort d'Issy and the great battery at Montretout, seconded by Mont Valerien, for the last ten days had been battering the rampart at the Point-du-Jour, as a consequence of which the Saint-Cloud gate was no longer tenable and an assault had been ordered for the following morning, the 22d; but someone who chanced to pass that way at about five o'clock perceived that the gate was unprotected and immediately notified the guards in the trenches367, who were not more than fifty yards away. Two companies of the 37th regiment of regulars were the first to enter the city, and were quickly followed by the entire 4th corps under General Douay. All night long the troops were pouring in in an uninterrupted stream. At seven o'clock Verge's division marched down to the bridge at Grenelle, crossed, and pushed on to the Trocadero. At nine General Clinchamp was master of Passy and la Muette. At three o'clock in the morning the 1st corps had pitched its tents in the Bois de Boulogne, while at about the same hour Bruat's division was passing the Seine to seize the Sevres gate and facilitate the movement of the 2d Corps, General de Cissey's, which occupied the district of Grenelle an hour later. The Versailles army, therefore, on the morning of the 22d, was master of the Trocadero and the Chateau of la Muette on the right bank, and of Grenelle on the left; and great was the rage and consternation that prevailed among the Communists, who were already accusing one another of treason, frantic at the thought of their inevitable defeat.
When Maurice at last understood the condition of affairs his first thought was that the end had come, that all left him was to go forth13 and meet his death. But the tocsin was pealing368, drums were beating, women and children, even, were working on the barricades, the streets were alive with the stir and bustle369 of the battalions hurrying to assume the positions assigned them in the coming conflict. By midday it was seen that the Versaillese were remaining quiet in their new positions, and then fresh courage returned to the hearts of the soldiers of the Commune, who were resolved to conquer or die. The enemy's army, which they had feared to see in possession of the Tuileries by that time, profiting by the stern lessons of experience and imitating the prudent370 tactics of the Prussians, conducted its operations with the utmost caution. The Committee of Public Safety and Delescluze, Delegate at War, directed the defense from their quarters in the Hotel de Ville. It was reported that a last proposal for a peaceable arrangement had been rejected by them with disdain371. That served to inspire the men with still more courage, the triumph of Paris was assured, the resistance would be as unyielding as the attack was vindictive372, in the implacable hate, swollen373 by lies and cruelties, that inflamed374 the heart of either army. And that day was spent by Maurice in the quarters of the Champ de Mars and the Invalides, firing and falling back slowly from street to street. He had not been able to find his battalion; he fought in the ranks with comrades who were strangers to him, accompanying them in their march to the left bank without taking heed375 whither they were going. About four o'clock they had a furious conflict behind a barricade283 that had been thrown across the Rue de l'Universite, where it comes out on the Esplanade, and it was not until twilight376 that they abandoned it on learning that Bruat's division, stealing up along the _quai_, had seized the Corps Legislatif. They had a narrow escape from capture, and it was with great difficulty that they managed to reach the Rue de Lille after a long circuit through the Rue Saint-Dominique and the Rue Bellechasse. At the close of that day the army of Versailles occupied a line which, beginning at the Vanves gate, led past the Corps Legislatif, the Palace of the Elysee, St. Augustine's Church, the Lazare station, and ended at the Asnieres gate.
The next day, Tuesday, the 23d, was warm and bright, and a terrible day it was for Maurice. The few hundred federates with whom he was, and in whose ranks were men of many different battalions, were charged with the defense of the entire quartier, from the _quai_ to the Rue Saint-Dominique. Most of them had bivouacked in the gardens of the great mansions377 that line the Rue de Lille; he had had an unbroken night's rest on a grass-plot at one side of the Palace of the Legion of Honor. It was his belief that soon as it was light enough the troops would move out from their shelter behind the Corps Legislatif and force them back upon the strong barricades in the Rue du Bac, but hour after hour passed and there was no sign of an attack. There was only some desultory378 firing at long range between parties posted at either end of the streets. The Versaillese, who were not desirous of attempting a direct attack on the front of the formidable fortress106 into which the insurgents had converted the terrace of the Tuileries, developed their plan of action with great circumspection379; two strong columns were sent out to right and left that, skirting the ramparts, should first seize Montmartre and the Observatory380 and then, wheeling inward, swoop381 down on the central quarters, surrounding them and capturing all they contained, as a shoal of fish is captured in the meshes382 of a gigantic net. About two o'clock Maurice heard that the tricolor was floating over Montmartre: the great battery of the Moulin de la Galette had succumbed383 to the combined attack of three army corps, which hurled384 their battalions simultaneously385 on the northern and western faces of the butte through the Rues386 Lepic, des Saules and du Mont-Cenis; then the waves of the victorious troops had poured back on Paris, carrying the Place Saint-Georges, Notre-Dame de Lorette, the _mairie_ in the Rue Drouot and the new Opera House, while on the left bank the turning movement, starting from the cemetery387 of Mont-Parnasse, had reached the Place d'Enfer and the Horse Market. These tidings of the rapid progress of the hostile army were received by the communards with mingled388 feelings of rage and terror amounting almost to stupefaction. What, Montmartre carried in two hours; Montmartre, the glorious, the impregnable citadel389 of the insurrection! Maurice saw that the ranks were thinning about him; trembling soldiers, fearing the fate that was in store for them should they be caught, were slinking furtively390 away to look for a place where they might wash the powder grime from hands and face and exchange their uniform for a blouse. There was a rumor76 that the enemy were making ready to attack the Croix-Rouge and take their position in flank. By this time the barricades in the Rues Martignac and Bellechasse had been carried, the red-legs were beginning to make their appearance at the end of the Rue de Lille, and soon all that remained was a little band of fanatics391 and men with the courage of their opinions, Maurice and some fifty more, who were resolved to sell their lives dearly, killing as many as they could of those Versaillese, who treated the federates like thieves and murderers, dragging away the prisoners they made and shooting them in the rear of the line of battle. Their bitter animosity had broadened and deepened since the days before; it was war to the knife between those rebels dying for an idea and that army, inflamed with reactionary392 passions and irritated that it was kept so long in the field.
About five o'clock, as Maurice and his companions were finally falling back to seek the shelter of the barricades in the Rue du Bac, descending393 the Rue de Lille and pausing at every moment to fire another shot, he suddenly beheld volumes of dense black smoke pouring from an open window in the Palace of the Legion of Honor. It was the first fire kindled394 in Paris, and in the furious insanity395 that possessed him it gave him a fierce delight. The hour had struck; let the whole city go up in flame, let its people be cleansed396 by the fiery397 purification! But a sight that he saw presently filled him with surprise: a band of five or six men came hurrying out of the building, headed by a tall varlet in whom he recognized Chouteau, his former comrade in the squad of the 106th. He had seen him once before, after the 18th of March, wearing a gold-laced _kepi_; he seemed by his bedizened uniform to have risen in rank, was probably on the staff of some one of the many generals who were never seen where there was fighting going on. He remembered the account somebody had given him of that fellow Chouteau, of his quartering himself in the Palace of the Legion of Honor and living there, guzzling398 and swilling399, in company with a mistress, wallowing with his boots on in the great luxurious400 beds, smashing the plate-glass mirrors with shots from his revolver, merely for the amusement there was in it. It was even asserted that the woman left the building every morning in one of the state carriages, under pretense401 of going to the Halles for her day's marketing402, carrying off with her great bundles of linen403, clocks, and even articles of furniture, the fruit of their thieveries. And Maurice, as he watched him running away with his men, carrying a bucket of petroleum on his arm, experienced a sickening sensation of doubt and felt his faith beginning to waver. How could the terrible work they were engaged in be good, when men like that were the workmen?
Hours passed, and still he fought on, but with a bitter feeling of distress, with no other wish than that he might die. If he had erred300, let him at least atone252 for his error with his blood! The barricade across the Rue de Lille, near its intersection404 with the Rue du Bac, was a formidable one, composed of bags and casks filled with earth and faced by a deep ditch. He and a scant128 dozen of other federates were its only defenders, resting in a semi-recumbent position on the ground, infallibly causing every soldier who exposed himself to bite the dust. He lay there, without even changing his position, until nightfall, using up his cartridges406 in silence, in the dogged sullenness407 of his despair. The dense clouds of smoke from the Palace of the Legion of Honor were billowing upward in denser408 masses, the flames undistinguishable as yet in the dying daylight, and he watched the fantastic, changing forms they took as the wind whirled them downward to the street. Another fire had broken out in an hotel not far away. And all at once a comrade came running up to tell him that the enemy, not daring to advance along the street, were making a way for themselves through the houses and gardens, breaking down the walls with picks. The end was close at hand; they might come out in the rear of the barricade at any moment. A shot having been fired from an upper window of a house on the corner, he saw Chouteau and his gang, with their petroleum and their lighted torch, rush with frantic speed to the buildings on either side and climb the stairs, and half an hour later, in the increasing darkness, the entire square was in flames, while he, still prone409 on the ground behind his shelter, availed himself of the vivid light to pick off any venturesome soldier who stepped from his protecting doorway410 into the narrow street.
How long did Maurice keep on firing? He could not tell; he had lost all consciousness of time and place. It might be nine o'clock, or ten, perhaps. He continued to load and fire; his condition of hopelessness and gloom was pitiable; death seemed to him long in coming. The detestable work he was engaged in gave him now a sensation of nausea411, as the fumes412 of the wine he has drunk rise and nauseate413 the drunkard. An intense heat began to beat on him from the houses that were burning on every side--an air that scorched414 and asphyxiated415. The carrefour, with the barricades that closed it in, was become an intrenched camp, guarded by the roaring flames that rose on every side and sent down showers of sparks. Those were the orders, were they not? to fire the adjacent houses before they abandoned the barricades, arrest the progress of the troops by an impassable sea of flame, burn Paris in the face of the enemy advancing to take possession of it. And presently he became aware that the houses in the Rue du Bac were not the only ones that were devoted416 to destruction; looking behind him he beheld the whole sky suffused417 with a bright, ruddy glow; he heard an ominous418 roar in the distance, as if all Paris were bursting into conflagration. Chouteau was no longer to be seen; he had long since fled to save his skin from the bullets. His comrades, too, even those most zealous419 in the cause, had one by one stolen away, affrighted at the approaching prospect of being outflanked. At last he was left alone, stretched at length between two sand bags, his every faculty420 bent405 on defending the front of the barricade, when the soldiers, who had made their way through the gardens in the middle of the block, emerged from a house in the Rue du Bac and pounced421 on him from the rear.
For two whole days, in the fevered excitement of the supreme conflict, Maurice had not once thought of Jean, nor had Jean, since he entered Paris with his regiment, which had been assigned to Bruat's division, for a single moment remembered Maurice. The day before his duties had kept him in the neighborhood of the Champ de Mars and the Esplanade of the Invalides, and on this day he had remained in the Place du Palais-Bourbon until nearly noon, when the troops were sent forward to clean out the barricades of the quartier, as far as the Rue des Saints-Peres. A feeling of deep exasperation against the rioters had gradually taken possession of him, usually so calm and self-contained, as it had of all his comrades, whose ardent wish it was to be allowed to go home and rest after so many months of fatigue. But of all the atrocities of the Commune that stirred his placid422 nature and made him forgetful even of his tenderest affections, there were none that angered him as did those conflagrations423. What, burn houses, set fire to palaces, and simply because they had lost the battle! Only robbers and murderers were capable of such work as that. And he who but the day before had sorrowed over the summary executions of the insurgents was now like a madman, ready to rend32 and tear, yelling, shouting, his eyes starting from their sockets424.
Jean burst like a hurricane into the Rue du Bac with the few men of his squad. At first he could distinguish no one; he thought the barricade had been abandoned. Then, looking more closely, he perceived a communard extended on the ground between two sand bags; he stirred, he brought his piece to the shoulder, was about to discharge it down the Rue du Bac. And impelled425 by blind fate, Jean rushed upon the man and thrust his bayonet through him, nailing him to the barricade.
Maurice had not had time to turn. He gave a cry and raised his head. The blinding light of the burning buildings fell full on their faces.
"O Jean, dear old boy, is it you?"
To die, that was what he wished, what he had been longing for. But to die by his brother's hand, ah! the cup was too bitter; the thought of death no longer smiled on him.
"Is it you, Jean, old friend?"
Jean, sobered by the terrible shock, looked at him with wild eyes. They were alone; the other soldiers had gone in pursuit of the fugitives426. About them the conflagrations roared and crackled and blazed up higher than before; great sheets of white flame poured from the windows, while from within came the crash of falling ceilings. And Jean cast himself on the ground at Maurice's side, sobbing427, feeling him, trying to raise him to see if he might not yet be saved.
"My boy, oh! my poor, poor boy!"
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收听单词发音
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1
mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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3
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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rout
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| n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮 | |
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consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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8
precept
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| n.戒律；格言 | |
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9
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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cordon
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| n.警戒线，哨兵线 | |
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11
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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12
accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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13
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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14
defender
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| n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人 | |
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15
defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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16
reconstruction
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| n.重建，再现，复原 | |
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17
aggregating
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| 总计达…( aggregate的现在分词 )； 聚集，集合； （使）聚集 | |
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sect
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| n.派别，宗教，学派，派系 | |
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19
ration
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| n.定量(pl.)给养，口粮；vt.定量供应 | |
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defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 | |
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21
feverish
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| adj.发烧的，狂热的，兴奋的 | |
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demolish
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| v.拆毁(建筑物等)，推翻(计划、制度等) | |
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23
demolished
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| v.摧毁( demolish的过去式和过去分词 )；推翻；拆毁（尤指大建筑物）；吃光 | |
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lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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caliber
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| n.能力；水准 | |
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arsenal
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| n.兵工厂，军械库 | |
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patriotic
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| adj.爱国的，有爱国心的 | |
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rupture
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| n.破裂；(关系的)决裂；v.(使)破裂 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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cession
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| n.割让，转让 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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rend
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| vt.把…撕开，割裂；把…揪下来，强行夺取 | |
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33
indemnity
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| n.赔偿，赔款，补偿金 | |
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acclaim
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| v.向…欢呼，公认；n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞 | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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inflaming
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| v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的现在分词 ) | |
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contagious
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| adj.传染性的，有感染力的 | |
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38
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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taint
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| n.污点；感染；腐坏；v.使感染；污染 | |
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morbid
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| adj.病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的 | |
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rue
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| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
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44
martyrs
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| n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情） | |
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45
wretch
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| n.可怜的人，不幸的人；卑鄙的人 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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epidemic
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| n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的 | |
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muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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49
repulsed
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| v.击退( repulse的过去式和过去分词 )；驳斥；拒绝 | |
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50
repulse
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| n.击退，拒绝；vt.逐退，击退，拒绝 | |
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51
victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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52
fickle
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| adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的 | |
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53
incompetent
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| adj.无能力的，不能胜任的 | |
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54
longing
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| n.（for）渴望 | |
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annihilate
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| v.使无效；毁灭；取消 | |
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56
malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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speculation
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| n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机 | |
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58
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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61
rancor
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| n.深仇，积怨 | |
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anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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63
entailed
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| 使…成为必要( entail的过去式和过去分词 )； 需要； 限定继承； 使必需 | |
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64
sleepless
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| adj.不睡眠的，睡不著的，不休息的 | |
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torpor
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| n.迟钝；麻木；（动物的）冬眠 | |
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66
extermination
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| n.消灭，根绝 | |
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67
sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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68
sentimental
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| adj.多愁善感的，感伤的 | |
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epic
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| n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的 | |
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narratives
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| 记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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72
dabble
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| v.涉足，浅赏 | |
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73
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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74
slay
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| v.杀死，宰杀，杀戮 | |
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75
insurgents
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| n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 ) | |
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76
rumor
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| n.谣言，谣传，传说 | |
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rumors
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| n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷 | |
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78
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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79
infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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80
detest
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| vt.痛恨，憎恶 | |
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81
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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82
miscarriage
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| n.失败，未达到预期的结果；流产 | |
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83
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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84
expectancy
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| n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额 | |
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85
craving
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| n.渴望,热望 | |
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86
suspense
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| n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑 | |
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87
appeased
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| 安抚，抚慰( appease的过去式和过去分词 )； 绥靖（满足另一国的要求以避免战争） | |
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88
boded
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| v.预示，预告，预言( bode的过去式和过去分词 )；等待，停留( bide的过去分词 )；居住；（过去式用bided）等待 | |
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89
adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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90
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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91
repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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92
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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93
reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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94
pulverize
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| v.研磨成粉；摧毁 | |
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95
joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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96
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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97
junction
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| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
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98
battalions
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| n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍 | |
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99
battalion
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| n.营；部队；大队(的人) | |
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100
clement
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| adj.仁慈的；温和的 | |
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101
regiments
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| （军队的）团( regiment的名词复数 )； 大量的人或物 | |
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102
foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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103
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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104
surmounting
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| 战胜( surmount的现在分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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105
fortresses
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| 堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 ) | |
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106
fortress
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| n.堡垒，防御工事 | |
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107
faltered
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| （嗓音）颤抖( falter的过去式和过去分词 )； 支吾其词； 蹒跚； 摇晃 | |
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108
retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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109
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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110
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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111
eruption
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| n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作 | |
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112
truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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113
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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114
doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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115
fetters
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| n.脚镣( fetter的名词复数 )；束缚v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的第三人称单数 ) | |
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116
delirium
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| n. 神智昏迷,说胡话;极度兴奋 | |
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117
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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118
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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119
slaughtered
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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120
slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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121
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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122
petroleum
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| n.原油，石油 | |
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123
intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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124
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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125
dole
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| n.救济，（失业）救济金；vt.（out）发放，发给 | |
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126
doled
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| 救济物( dole的过去式和过去分词 )； 失业救济金 | |
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127
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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128
scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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129
bakers
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| n.面包师( baker的名词复数 )；面包店；面包店店主；十三 | |
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130
delirious
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| adj.不省人事的，神智昏迷的 | |
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131
chateau
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| n.城堡，别墅 | |
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132
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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133
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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134
exhausted
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| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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135
dyke
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| n.堤，水坝，排水沟 | |
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136
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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137
thronging
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的现在分词 ) | |
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138
throng
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| n.人群，群众；v.拥挤，群集 | |
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139
wafted
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| v.吹送，飘送，（使）浮动( waft的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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140
blurred
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| v.（使）变模糊( blur的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）难以区分；模模糊糊；迷离 | |
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141
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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142
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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143
goaded
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| v.刺激( goad的过去式和过去分词 )；激励；（用尖棒）驱赶；驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人 | |
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144
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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145
frenzy
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| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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146
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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147
heroism
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| n.大无畏精神，英勇 | |
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148
evacuated
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| 撤退者的 | |
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149
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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150
battering
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| n.用坏，损坏v.连续猛击( batter的现在分词 ) | |
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151
exasperation
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| n.愤慨 | |
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152
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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153
hurl
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| vt.猛投，力掷，声叫骂 | |
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154
Augmented
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| adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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155
vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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156
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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157
motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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158
ceded
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| v.让给，割让，放弃( cede的过去式 ) | |
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159
frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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160
rant
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| v.咆哮；怒吼；n.大话；粗野的话 | |
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161
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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162
epics
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| n.叙事诗( epic的名词复数 )；壮举；惊人之举；史诗般的电影（或书籍） | |
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163
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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164
thaw
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| v.（使）融化，（使）变得友善；n.融化，缓和 | |
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165
drizzling
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| 下蒙蒙细雨，下毛毛雨( drizzle的现在分词 ) | |
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166
subscription
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| n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方） | |
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167
tardy
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| adj.缓慢的，迟缓的 | |
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168
illuminated
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| adj.被照明的；受启迪的 | |
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169
conflagration
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| n.建筑物或森林大火 | |
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170
galling
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| adj.难堪的,使烦恼的,使焦躁的 | |
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171
solely
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| adv.仅仅，唯一地 | |
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172
hurrah
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| int.好哇，万岁，乌拉 | |
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173
leaven
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| v.使发酵；n.酵母；影响 | |
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174
clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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175
chimerical
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| adj.荒诞不经的，梦幻的 | |
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176
agonizing
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| adj.痛苦难忍的；使人苦恼的v.使极度痛苦；折磨(agonize的ing形式) | |
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177
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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178
wayfarer
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| n.旅人 | |
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179
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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180
carnival
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| n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演 | |
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181
shrouded
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| v.隐瞒( shroud的过去式和过去分词 )；保密 | |
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182
funereal
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| adj.悲哀的；送葬的 | |
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183
smitten
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| 猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去分词 ) | |
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184
pestilence
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| n.瘟疫 | |
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185
naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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186
cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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187
illuminating
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| a.富于启发性的，有助阐明的 | |
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188
armistice
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| n.休战，停战协定 | |
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189
sullen
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| adj.愠怒的，闷闷不乐的，(天气等)阴沉的 | |
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190
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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191
moody
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| adj.心情不稳的，易怒的，喜怒无常的 | |
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192
irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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193
offense
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| n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪 | |
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194
provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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195
ratify
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| v.批准，认可，追认 | |
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196
delusion
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| n.谬见，欺骗，幻觉，迷惑 | |
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197
snare
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| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
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198
prosecution
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| n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营 | |
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199
overflowed
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| 溢出的 | |
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200
protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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201
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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202
iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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203
gaping
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| adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大 | |
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204
incurable
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| adj.不能医治的，不能矫正的，无救的；n.不治的病人，无救的人 | |
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205
stipulation
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| n.契约，规定，条文；条款说明 | |
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206
disarm
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| v.解除武装，回复平常的编制，缓和 | |
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207
disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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208
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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209
subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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210
inscribed
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| v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接 | |
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211
roster
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| n.值勤表，花名册 | |
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212
tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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213
entreaty
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| n.恳求，哀求 | |
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214
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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215
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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216
tormented
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| 饱受折磨的 | |
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217
devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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218
vegetating
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| v.过单调呆板的生活( vegetate的现在分词 )；植物似地生长；（瘤、疣等）长大 | |
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219
isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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220
stagnation
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| n. 停滞 | |
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221
shrug
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| v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等) | |
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222
fustian
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| n.浮夸的；厚粗棉布 | |
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223
teeming
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| adj.丰富的v.充满( teem的现在分词 )；到处都是；（指水、雨等）暴降；倾注 | |
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224
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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225
beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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226
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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227
execration
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| n.诅咒，念咒，憎恶 | |
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228
reviled
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| v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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229
degradation
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| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
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230
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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231
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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232
patriotism
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| n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义 | |
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233
thwarted
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| 阻挠( thwart的过去式和过去分词 )； 使受挫折； 挫败； 横过 | |
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234
aspirations
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| 强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音 | |
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235
degenerates
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| 衰退，堕落，退化( degenerate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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236
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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237
constituents
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| n.选民( constituent的名词复数 )；成分；构成部分；要素 | |
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238
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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239
plank
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| n.板条，木板，政策要点，政纲条目 | |
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240
awakened
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| v.（使）醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）觉醒；弄醒；（使）意识到 | |
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241
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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242
descended
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| a.为...后裔的，出身于...的 | |
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243
tugging
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| n.牵引感v.用力拉，使劲拉，猛扯( tug的现在分词 ) | |
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244
barbarian
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| n.野蛮人；adj.野蛮(人)的；未开化的 | |
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245
horde
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| n.群众，一大群 | |
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246
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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247
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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248
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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249
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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250
momentous
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| adj.重要的，重大的 | |
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251
presentiment
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| n.预感，预觉 | |
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252
atone
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| v.赎罪，补偿 | |
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253
bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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254
disturbance
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| n.动乱，骚动；打扰，干扰；(身心)失调 | |
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255
elation
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| n.兴高采烈，洋洋得意 | |
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256
recital
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| n.朗诵，独奏会，独唱会 | |
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257
meditating
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| a.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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258
sneaking
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| a.秘密的，不公开的 | |
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259
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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260
muskets
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| n.火枪，（尤指）滑膛枪( musket的名词复数 ) | |
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261
desultorily
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| adv. 杂乱无章地, 散漫地 | |
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262
ministry
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| n.(政府的)部；牧师 | |
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263
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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264
disapproval
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| n.反对，不赞成 | |
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265
abominable
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|
| adj.可厌的，令人憎恶的 | |
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266
odds
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| n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别 | |
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267
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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268
fatality
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| n.不幸，灾祸，天命 | |
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269
emaciated
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| adj.衰弱的，消瘦的 | |
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270
consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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271
enlisted
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| adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持） | |
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272
squad
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| n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组 | |
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273
dolts
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| n.笨蛋，傻瓜( dolt的名词复数 ) | |
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274
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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275
dissent
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| n./v.不同意，持异议 | |
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276
follies
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| 罪恶，时事讽刺剧； 愚蠢，蠢笨，愚蠢的行为、思想或做法( folly的名词复数 ) | |
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277
thrift
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| adj.节约，节俭；n.节俭，节约 | |
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278
pang
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| n.剧痛，悲痛，苦闷 | |
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279
hooting
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| （使）作汽笛声响，作汽车喇叭声( hoot的现在分词 )； 倒好儿； 倒彩 | |
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280
salute
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|
| vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮 | |
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281
scurrying
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| v.急匆匆地走( scurry的现在分词 ) | |
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282
barricades
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| 路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 ) | |
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283
barricade
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| n.路障，栅栏，障碍；vt.设路障挡住 | |
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284
convoking
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| v.召集，召开（会议）( convoke的现在分词 ) | |
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285
communal
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| adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的 | |
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286
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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287
incipient
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| adj.起初的，发端的，初期的 | |
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288
anarchy
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| n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序 | |
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289
conciliation
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| n.调解，调停 | |
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290
corpses
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| n.死尸，尸体( corpse的名词复数 ) | |
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291
ministries
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| （政府的）部( ministry的名词复数 )； 神职； 牧师职位； 神职任期 | |
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292
prevailing
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| adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的 | |
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293
repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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294
hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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295
misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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296
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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297
monarchical
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| adj. 国王的，帝王的，君主的，拥护君主制的 =monarchic | |
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298
insistence
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| n.坚持；强调；坚决主张 | |
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299
averred
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| v.断言( aver的过去式和过去分词 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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300
erred
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| 犯错误，做错事( err的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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301
withhold
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| v.拒绝，不给；使停止，阻挡 | |
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302
shameful
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| adj.可耻的，不道德的 | |
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303
internecine
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| adj.两败俱伤的 | |
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304
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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305
atrocities
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| n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪 | |
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306
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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307
retaliating
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| v.报复，反击( retaliate的现在分词 ) | |
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308
forfeit
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| vt.丧失；n.罚金，罚款，没收物 | |
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309
devouring
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| 吞没( devour的现在分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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310
avenger
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| n. 复仇者 | |
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311
liberator
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| 解放者 | |
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312
debris
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| n.瓦砾堆，废墟，碎片 | |
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313
socialists
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| 社会主义者( socialist的名词复数 ) | |
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314
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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315
mediocre
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| adj.平常的，普通的 | |
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316
neutralize
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| v.使失效、抵消，使中和 | |
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317
inauguration
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| n.开幕、就职典礼 | |
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318
trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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319
boundless
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|
| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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320
vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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321
bouquets
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| n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 )；（酒的）芳香 | |
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322
rosters
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| n.花名册( roster的名词复数 )；候选名单v.将（姓名）列入值勤名单( roster的第三人称单数 ) | |
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323
converging
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|
| adj.收敛[缩]的，会聚的，趋同的v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的现在分词 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集 | |
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324
utilizing
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| v.利用，使用( utilize的现在分词 ) | |
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325
succumb
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| v.屈服，屈从；死 | |
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326
edifices
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| n.大建筑物( edifice的名词复数 ) | |
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327
slaughtering
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| v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 ) | |
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328
upheavals
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|
| 突然的巨变( upheaval的名词复数 )； 大动荡； 大变动； 胀起 | |
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329
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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330
smoldering
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| v.用文火焖烧，熏烧，慢燃( smolder的现在分词 ) | |
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331
catastrophe
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| n.大灾难，大祸 | |
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332
seething
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| 沸腾的，火热的 | |
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333
assailed
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| v.攻击( assail的过去式和过去分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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334
solaced
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| v.安慰，慰藉( solace的过去分词 ) | |
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335
inefficient
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| adj.效率低的，无效的 | |
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336
perpetuate
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| v.使永存，使永记不忘 | |
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337
gnawing
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| a.痛苦的，折磨人的 | |
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338
rivalries
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| n.敌对，竞争，对抗( rivalry的名词复数 ) | |
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339
corroding
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| 使腐蚀，侵蚀( corrode的现在分词 ) | |
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340
factions
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| 组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 ) | |
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341
exterminate
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| v.扑灭，消灭，根绝 | |
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342
volition
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| n.意志；决意 | |
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343
isolation
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| n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离 | |
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344
compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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345
enrollment
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| n.注册或登记的人数；登记 | |
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346
sedate
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| adj.沉着的，镇静的，安静的 | |
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347
exodus
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| v.大批离去，成群外出 | |
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348
citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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349
labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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350
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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351
denouement
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| n.结尾，结局 | |
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352
extorted
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| v.敲诈( extort的过去式和过去分词 )；曲解 | |
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353
pedestrians
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| n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 ) | |
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354
hawked
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| 通过叫卖主动兜售（hawk的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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355
fervently
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| adv.热烈地，热情地，强烈地 | |
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356
gunpowder
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| n.火药 | |
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357
sewers
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| n.阴沟，污水管，下水道( sewer的名词复数 ) | |
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358
seduced
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| 诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷 | |
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359
picket
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| n.纠察队；警戒哨；v.设置纠察线；布置警卫 | |
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360
pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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361
chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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362
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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363
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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364
trumpets
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| 喇叭( trumpet的名词复数 )； 小号； 喇叭形物； （尤指）绽开的水仙花 | |
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365
slung
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| 抛( sling的过去式和过去分词 )； 吊挂； 遣送； 押往 | |
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366
strap
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| n.皮带，带子；v.用带扣住，束牢；用绷带包扎 | |
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367
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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368
pealing
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| v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的现在分词 ) | |
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369
bustle
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| v.喧扰地忙乱，匆忙，奔忙；n.忙碌；喧闹 | |
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370
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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371
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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372
vindictive
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| adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的 | |
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373
swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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374
inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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375
heed
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| v.注意，留意；n.注意，留心 | |
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376
twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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377
mansions
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| n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 ) | |
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378
desultory
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| adj.散漫的，无方法的 | |
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379
circumspection
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| n.细心，慎重 | |
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380
observatory
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| n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台 | |
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381
swoop
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| n.俯冲，攫取；v.抓取，突然袭击 | |
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382
meshes
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| 网孔( mesh的名词复数 )； 网状物； 陷阱； 困境 | |
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383
succumbed
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| 不再抵抗（诱惑、疾病、攻击等）( succumb的过去式和过去分词 )； 屈从； 被压垮； 死 | |
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384
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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385
simultaneously
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| adv.同时发生地，同时进行地 | |
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386
rues
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| v.对…感到后悔( rue的第三人称单数 ) | |
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387
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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388
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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389
citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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390
furtively
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| adv. 偷偷地, 暗中地 | |
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391
fanatics
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| 狂热者，入迷者( fanatic的名词复数 ) | |
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392
reactionary
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| n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的 | |
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393
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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394
kindled
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| （使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的过去式和过去分词 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光 | |
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395
insanity
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| n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐 | |
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396
cleansed
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| 弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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397
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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398
guzzling
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| v.狂吃暴饮，大吃大喝( guzzle的现在分词 ) | |
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399
swilling
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| v.冲洗( swill的现在分词 )；猛喝；大口喝；（使）液体流动 | |
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400
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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401
pretense
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| n.矫饰，做作，借口 | |
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402
marketing
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| n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西 | |
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403
linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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404
intersection
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| n.交集，十字路口，交叉点；[计算机] 交集 | |
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405
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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406
cartridges
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| 子弹( cartridge的名词复数 )； （打印机的）墨盒； 录音带盒； （唱机的）唱头 | |
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407
sullenness
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| n. 愠怒, 沉闷, 情绪消沉 | |
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408
denser
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| adj. 不易看透的, 密集的, 浓厚的, 愚钝的 | |
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409
prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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410
doorway
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| n.门口，(喻)入门；门路，途径 | |
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411
nausea
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| n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶) | |
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412
fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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413
nauseate
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| v.使作呕；使感到恶心；使厌恶 | |
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414
scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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415
asphyxiated
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| v.渴望的，有抱负的，追求名誉或地位的( aspirant的过去式和过去分词 )；有志向或渴望获得…的人 | |
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416
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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417
suffused
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| v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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418
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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419
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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420
faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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421
pounced
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| v.突然袭击( pounce的过去式和过去分词 )；猛扑；一眼看出；抓住机会（进行抨击） | |
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422
placid
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| adj.安静的，平和的 | |
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423
conflagrations
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| n.大火（灾）( conflagration的名词复数 ) | |
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424
sockets
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| n.套接字，使应用程序能够读写与收发通讯协定(protocol)与资料的程序( Socket的名词复数 )；孔( socket的名词复数 )；（电器上的）插口；托座；凹穴 | |
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425
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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426
fugitives
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| n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 ) | |
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427
sobbing
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| <主方>Ⅰ adj.湿透的 | |
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