’Tis caught and lifted by the willing breezes,
Then, freed from trouble in her light balloon,
Our spinner travels wheresoe’re she pleases.
—Edith M. Thomas.
Ruth was in the garden counting colours among the hollyhocks when a little breeze hurried by.
“Come,” it said, kissing her cheek, “and hurry; things are going to happen.”
“It is my dear Wind,” cried Ruth, her eyes growing big with expectation, and, stopping just long enough to snatch up Belinda, who of course would wish to go, too, she followed where the little breeze led.
This was to a lovely spot on the edge of the wood, and one of the first things she saw was a big round spider’s web on the branches of a tall bush.
“Oh,” she said, going up closer, “who would ever think a spider could make anything like that?”
“Indeed,” said a voice which made her give a little jump, “who else but a spider could spin a web, I’d like to know? You haven’t any brains, I’m thinking.”
“Oh, please excuse me,” said Ruth. “I didn’t know you were there.”
“That’s because you don’t use your eyes properly,” was the answer of the large, handsome black and gold spider hanging head down from the centre of the big web.
Her eight long, slender legs were outstretched and rested by their tips on the bases of the taut1 radii2, and her eight eyes were staring at Ruth.
“I saw you as soon as you came,” she said.
“I suppose you will stay to the meeting. I’m to be chair-spider.”
“Chair-spider?” repeated Ruth, slightly confused by those eight bright eyes. “And please, what meeting?”
“Why, our meeting, of course. Mrs. Cobweb Weaver3 says men always have a chairman at their meetings, so why shouldn’t spiders have a chair-spider, I’d like to know?”
“I suppose they should,” agreed Ruth.
“Of course we should. Considering you are a human creature, with only two eyes, two legs, and no spinnerets, you really show a great deal of sense. Now sit down on the crotch of that little tree, then you will be near me and can hear all I say. What’s that thing you are carrying?”
“Why, it’s Belinda, my doll,” explained Ruth. “I tell her everything. I think she will like your—your—meeting.”
“Well, I don’t care whether she does or not,” said Madame Spider. “Now our friends are arriving, and as you can see, with even two 36eyes, they are all shapes and sizes. Long legged, short legged, plump, thin, grave and gay. All colours too—quite enough to satisfy any taste, I should say.”
Ruth looked about her in wide-eyed astonishment5.
“I never knew there were so many kinds of spiders,” she said at last, “or that they had such lovely colours. I thought spiders were mostly grayish or brownish.”
“That is because you haven’t used your eyes, as I said before; but you are only like others of your kind. Such ignorance! Because some spiders are dull and colourless, most people imagine that all are so. I suppose they think, if they stop to think at all, that all kinds of webs are spun6 by the same kind of spider, and that all spiders spin webs.”
“Don’t they?” asked Ruth, with some hesitation7, for Mrs. Spider’s indignation made her look quite fierce.
Ruth looked puzzled.
“You see,” explained Mrs. Spider, “it all depends upon the way they catch their prey10. Spider habits are as different as their looks. Some like the sun, others prefer the shade. Some live in the forest, and others with the house people. Many make their home in the bark of trees, and under stones.”
“I’ve seen that kind,” interrupted Ruth, eagerly, “and when you lift up the stone they run awfully11 fast. Sometimes they have a funny little gray bundle, just as the ants carry their babies. Maybe it’s their babies too. Is it?”
“Well, they will be babies if nothing happens. Those gray bundles are cocoons13 full of eggs. The mother spins the cocoon12 of silk from her own body.”
“Oh, now, I understand. They are spinners, but they don’t have any web. Isn’t that it?”
“Exactly. They do not need a web. They spring on their prey when the prey isn’t looking. We call them hunters, also runners.”
“Well, they can run,” said Ruth.
“The flower spiders are not web spinners either,” went on Madame Spider, who seemed to like nothing better than to talk. “They live among flowers, and eat the visiting insects. You can see some of them over there. Talk about colours! They are gay enough, just like flowers themselves. Perhaps you can guess why.”
Ruth thought a few minutes.
“Well,” she said, “if they were the same colour as the flower they couldn’t be seen so easily. I saw something walk out of an ear of corn once, and it looked like a kernel14 of corn on eight legs. It was awful funny. Was that a spider?”
“Very likely. We are wonderful enough for anything. I suppose you have never heard of the trapdoor spider and his silk-lined burrow15, with its little hinged door, nor of the spider who lives under the water, in a tiny silken house, which she spins herself, and fills with air carried down, bubble by bubble, from the surface. Don’t look as though you didn’t believe me. It isn’t polite. I am telling you the truth. Very likely you’ll doubt me when I say that we sail in balloons, of our own making, and cross streams of water on bridges, which we can fashion as we need them—that is, we orb16 weavers17 do, for, after all, we stand at the head of the spider clan18. Did you know I was an orb weaver?”
“I—I—haven’t thought about it,” said Ruth, slowly, for the question had come very suddenly, “but I’d like you to go on telling me things. Do you always hang with 40your head down? I should think it would make you dizzy.”
“Dizzy? Whoever heard of such a thing? Of course I keep my head down, and my toes on my telegraph lines. Then I can feel the least tremble in any one of them, and I’m pretty quick to run where I know my dinner is waiting. Sometimes I don’t hurry quite so fast. That is when the line trembles in a way which lets me know that something big has been caught. Indeed, there are times when I bite the threads around what might have been my dinner, and let it go; for it is wiser to lose a meal than run the chance of being a meal.” And Mrs. Orb Weaver winked19, not with one eye only, but with all eight. “Now it is time to talk to the company,” she added, “as I am chair-spider.”
She said the last words in a loud voice, intended for all to hear; then she looked around to see if any one objected.
“They had better not,” she said to Ruth, and in a louder voice, added: “My friends, 41we are not appreciated. Men talk about the wonderful bees, the wonderful wasps20, the wonderful ants, but few of them say anything about the wonderful spiders. Now we are wonderful, too, and we are honest, and we are industrious21. We eat flies and lots of other pests, and we do not hurt orchards22, or steal into pantries, or chew up clothes. Indeed, we do man no harm at all. But is he grateful? Tell me that. I’ll tell you he isn’t. Ask Mrs. Cobweb Weaver if there isn’t always some broom sweeping23 down the nice web she makes. I wonder she doesn’t hate a broom. No, my friends, man is not grateful. Even those who call themselves our friends are ready to pop us into bottles, or boxes, whenever they get a chance. They give us what they call a painless death in the cause of science. Now we would rather live in our own cause. At least I would.”
Mrs. Orb Weaver had become so excited that her whole web was shaking violently.
Ruth was excited, too.
“It’s rather horrid24 to do that way,” she said, “but maybe people don’t know about you. I didn’t until to-day. The wonderful things I mean, and I want to know lots more. How your web is made and—and—everything. Please tell me.”
“Why, certainly,” answered Mrs. Orb Weaver readily. “To begin with, my web is made of silk.”
“Who didn’t know that?” snapped a running spider.
“I didn’t,” answered Ruth.
“You! And who are you, pray?”
“Be quiet,” commanded Mrs. Orb Weaver. “She is my guest, and anything she wishes to know I shall be happy to tell her. Now, to get on, our webs are made of silk, and the silk comes from our own bodies, through little tubes called spinnerets. It is soft at first, but gets harder when it reaches the air, just like caterpillar25 silk. We guide each thread with our hind26 feet, making heavier strands27 by twisting a number of fine ones together. Of course, we spin the foundation lines first. They are the ones which fix the web to the bush. Then the ray lines, those like the spokes29 in a wheel. They are all heavy strands, and only after they are finished do we spin the real snare30, the lines which run around. They are very fine, and are covered with a sort of glue, for they have to catch and hold the flies and other insects that come on the web. We orb weavers are the only ones who have this glue. No other spiders use it. They trust to the meshes31 of the web to entangle32 their prey.”
“But why don’t the sticky parts catch you too?” asked Ruth, who had been listening with eager attention. “I’ve seen you run all over your web and——”
“We never get caught. Of course not,” finished Mrs. Orb Weaver. “And why? That’s a question. The wise men don’t know, and if we do, we are not telling. Now I am getting hungry, so I think I will tell a little story, then we will adjourn33. I am sorry there isn’t time for Mrs. Funnel34 Weaver to speak.”
“But there is,” declared a large brown spider, whose body looked as though it were set on a framework of legs. “I mean to speak too—if only to point out all those webs in the grass.”
“Oh, I’ve often seen webs like that,” said Ruth. “They are lovely with dew on them. But why do you call yourself a funnel weaver?”
“I don’t!” she snapped. “The men, who think they know everything, gave me that name, because at one side of my web is a funnel-shaped tube. It is our way to escape our enemies. We run through it into the grass when something too big for us to manage gets into our web.”
“I generally make my web in houses,” said a small, slender-legged, light-coloured spider.
She spoke28 in a hurry, as though she was 45afraid some one might stop her before she finished. “I have cousins who like fields and fences and outbuildings, but our webs are all the same pattern. Not so regular as yours, Mrs. Orb Weaver, but very fine and delicate.”
“Oh, everybody knows you, Mrs. Cobweb Weaver,” said a voice from a nearby twig35. “Now if you are speaking of legs——”
“We are not,” answered Mrs. Orb Weaver, “and I should like to know how you came here.”
“On my legs of course. Don’t you think they are long enough? And though I can neither spin nor weave, I am your relation, and I have as much right to be here as you have. I——”
“Why, it’s Daddy Long Legs,” interrupted Ruth, with a friendly smile of recognition. “I like daddies.”
“Well, I am not saying anything about my legs,” remarked a fat little spider, as Daddy tried to bow to Ruth, “though I have eight 46of them. I usually travel in a balloon, which I make myself. Oh, I tell you, it is fine to go
“Poetry,” said a handsome spider, wheeling back and forth38 on a silken bridge swung between two bushes. “I could have learned some too, but I didn’t know it was allowed. Of course I can build bridges. Who is asking that idiotic39 question? You?” And eight glaring eyes were fixed40 upon Ruth. “Maybe you don’t know that spiders were the first bridge builders and when men suspend their great bridges to-day they follow our ideas and ways, without giving us the least credit; but that’s the way with men.”
“Well, we can’t expect to regulate men,” answered Mrs. Orb Weaver, “and, besides, it’s time to tell my story, and then you will know why we get our name, and why we are such wonderful spinners. Now listen, all of you:
“Once upon a time——”
Ruth chuckled41 contentedly42. All nice stories began, “Once upon a time.” “Please go on,” she whispered eagerly.
“Then don’t interrupt me,” said Mrs. Orb Weaver, and she began again:
“Once upon a time, ever so long ago, there lived in a beautiful land called Greece a maiden43 named Arachne. Arachne was not only fair to look upon, but she could also spin and weave in a fashion so wondrously44 fine that all who saw her work said that the great Athena herself must have been her teacher. Now this surely was praise enough, but Arachne was vain. ‘Nay,’ she said, ‘no one has taught me, and gladly will I weave with the great goddess herself, and thus prove 48the skill to be all my own.’ Her words only shocked all who heard them, but Arachne cared not, and again repeated her wish to try her skill with Athena.
“So it happened that as she sat spinning one day an old woman, leaning on a staff, stopped by her loom45.
“‘Child,’ she said in a gentle voice, ‘a great gift is yours.’
“Arachne tossed her head, and answered scornfully:
“‘Well do I know it, yet Athena dares not try her skill with mine.’
“‘Dares not?’ repeated the old dame4, in tones that should have made Arachne tremble. ‘Dares not, say you? Foolish maiden, be warned in time.’
“But Arachne was too proud to yield, and she still persisted, even though the old dame had dropped her mantle46, and stood revealed as the great goddess herself.
“‘Be it so,’ said Athena, sternly, and both began to weave.
“For hours their shuttles flew in and out. Arachne’s work was wonderful, but for her theme she had chosen the weakness and the failure of the gods. Athena pictured forth their greatness. The sky was her loom, and from the rainbow she chose her colours, and when her work was finished and its splendours spanned the heavens, Arachne realized that she had failed.
“‘Nay, rash maid,’ spoke Athena; ‘thou shalt not die, but live to be the mother of a great race, the most wonderful spinners on earth.’
“Even as Athena spoke, Arachne grew smaller and smaller, until not a maiden, but a spider, hung from that marvellous web.
“And now, my friends,” finished Mrs. Orb Weaver, “need I tell you that we are the wonderful race of which Athena spoke, and need I add that we have inherited Arachne’s marvellous skill, and are truly the most wonderful spinners on earth? Now I am hungry and the meeting is adjourned48.”
“So am I,” added Daddy Long Legs, “not adjourned, but hungry, and, by the way, do you imagine any one believes that old story?”
He winked at Ruth, and then moved away as fast as his long legs would carry him.
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收听单词发音
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1
taut
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| adj.拉紧的，绷紧的，紧张的 | |
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radii
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| n.半径；半径（距离）( radius的名词复数 )；用半径度量的圆形面积；半径范围；桡骨 | |
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weaver
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| n.织布工；编织者 | |
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dame
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| n.女士 | |
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astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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6
spun
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| v.纺，杜撰，急转身 | |
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7
hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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8
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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9
makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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10
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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11
awfully
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| adv.可怕地，非常地，极端地 | |
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12
cocoon
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| n.茧 | |
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cocoons
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| n.茧，蚕茧( cocoon的名词复数 )v.茧，蚕茧( cocoon的第三人称单数 ) | |
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14
kernel
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| n.(果实的)核，仁；(问题)的中心，核心 | |
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15
burrow
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| vt.挖掘(洞穴)；钻进；vi.挖洞；翻寻；n.地洞 | |
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16
orb
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| n.太阳；星球；v.弄圆；成球形 | |
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17
weavers
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| 织工，编织者( weaver的名词复数 ) | |
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18
clan
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| n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派 | |
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19
winked
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| v.使眼色( wink的过去式和过去分词 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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wasps
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| 黄蜂( wasp的名词复数 )； 胡蜂； 易动怒的人； 刻毒的人 | |
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21
industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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orchards
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| （通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 ) | |
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sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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25
caterpillar
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| n.毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫 | |
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hind
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| adj.后面的，后部的 | |
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strands
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| n.（线、绳、金属线、毛发等的）股( strand的名词复数 )；缕；海洋、湖或河的)岸；（观点、计划、故事等的）部份v.使滞留，使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 ) | |
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28
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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29
spokes
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| n.（车轮的）辐条( spoke的名词复数 )；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 | |
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snare
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| n.陷阱，诱惑，圈套；（去除息肉或者肿瘤的）勒除器；响弦，小军鼓；vt.以陷阱捕获，诱惑 | |
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31
meshes
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| 网孔( mesh的名词复数 )； 网状物； 陷阱； 困境 | |
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entangle
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| vt.缠住，套住；卷入，连累 | |
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adjourn
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| v.（使）休会，（使）休庭 | |
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funnel
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| n.漏斗；烟囱；v.汇集 | |
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twig
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| n.小树枝，嫩枝；v.理解 | |
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mid
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| adj.中央的，中间的 | |
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gossamer
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| n.薄纱，游丝 | |
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38
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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idiotic
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| adj.白痴的 | |
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40
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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41
chuckled
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| 轻声地笑( chuckle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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42
contentedly
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| adv.心满意足地 | |
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43
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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wondrously
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| adv.惊奇地，非常，极其 | |
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45
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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46
mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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47
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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48
adjourned
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| （使）休会， （使）休庭( adjourn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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