In the first place, Cranford is in possession of the Amazons; all the holders1 of houses above a certain rent are women. If a married couple come to settle in the town, somehow the gentleman disappears; he is either fairly frightened to death by being the only man in the Cranford evening parties, or he is accounted for by being with his regiment2, his ship, or closely engaged in business all the week in the great neighbouring commercial town of Drumble, distant only twenty miles on a railroad. In short, whatever does become of the gentlemen, they are not at Cranford. What could they do if they were there? The surgeon has his round of thirty miles, and sleeps at Cranford; but every man cannot be a surgeon. For keeping the trim gardens full of choice flowers without a weed to speck3 them; for frightening away little boys who look wistfully at the said flowers through the railings; for rushing out at the geese that occasionally venture in to the gardens if the gates are left open; for deciding all questions of literature and politics without troubling themselves with unnecessary reasons or arguments; for obtaining clear and correct knowledge of everybody's affairs in the parish; for keeping their neat maid-servants in admirable order; for kindness (somewhat dictatorial) to the poor, and real tender good offices to each other whenever they are in distress4, the ladies of Cranford are quite sufficient. "A man," as one of them observed to me once, "is SO in the way in the house!" Although the ladies of Cranford know all each other's proceedings5, they are exceedingly indifferent to each other's opinions. Indeed, as each has her own individuality, not to say eccentricity7, pretty strongly developed, nothing is so easy as verbal retaliation8; but, somehow, good-will reigns9 among them to a considerable degree.
The Cranford ladies have only an occasional little quarrel, spirited out in a few peppery words and angry jerks of the head; just enough to prevent the even tenor10 of their lives from becoming too flat. Their dress is very independent of fashion; as they observe, "What does it signify how we dress here at Cranford, where everybody knows us?" And if they go from home, their reason is equally cogent11, "What does it signify how we dress here, where nobody knows us?" The materials of their clothes are, in general, good and plain, and most of them are nearly as scrupulous12 as Miss Tyler, of cleanly memory; but I will answer for it, the last gigot, the last tight and scanty13 petticoat in wear in England, was seen in Cranford--and seen without a smile.
I can testify to a magnificent family red silk umbrella, under which a gentle little spinster, left alone of many brothers and sisters, used to patter to church on rainy days. Have you any red silk umbrellas in London? We had a tradition of the first that had ever been seen in Cranford; and the little boys mobbed it, and called it "a stick in petticoats." It might have been the very red silk one I have described, held by a strong father over a troop of little ones; the poor little lady--the survivor14 of all--could scarcely carry it.
Then there were rules and regulations for visiting and calls; and they were announced to any young people who might be staying in the town, with all the solemnity with which the old Manx laws were read once a year on the Tinwald Mount.
"Our friends have sent to inquire how you are after your journey to-night, my dear" (fifteen miles in a gentleman's carriage); "they will give you some rest to-morrow, but the next day, I have no doubt, they will call; so be at liberty after twelve--from twelve to three are our calling hours."
Then, after they had called -
"It is the third day; I dare say your mamma has told you, my dear, never to let more than three days elapse between receiving a call and returning it; and also, that you are never to stay longer than a quarter of an hour."
"But am I to look at my watch? How am I to find out when a quarter of an hour has passed?"
"You must keep thinking about the time, my dear, and not allow yourself to forget it in conversation."
As everybody had this rule in their minds, whether they received or paid a call, of course no absorbing subject was ever spoken about. We kept ourselves to short sentences of small talk, and were punctual to our time.
I imagine that a few of the gentlefolks of Cranford were poor, and had some difficulty in making both ends meet; but they were like the Spartans16, and concealed18 their smart under a smiling face. We none of us spoke15 of money, because that subject savoured of commerce and trade, and though some might be poor, we were all aristocratic. The Cranfordians had that kindly19 esprit de corps20 which made them overlook all deficiencies in success when some among them tried to conceal17 their poverty. When Mrs Forrester, for instance, gave a party in her baby-house of a dwelling21, and the little maiden22 disturbed the ladies on the sofa by a request that she might get the tea-tray out from underneath23, everyone took this novel proceeding6 as the most natural thing in the world, and talked on about household forms and ceremonies as if we all believed that our hostess had a regular servants' hall, second table, with housekeeper24 and steward25, instead of the one little charity-school maiden, whose short ruddy arms could never have been strong enough to carry the tray upstairs, if she had not been assisted in private by her mistress, who now sat in state, pretending not to know what cakes were sent up, though she knew, and we knew, and she knew that we knew, and we knew that she knew that we knew, she had been busy all the morning making tea-bread and sponge-cakes.
There were one or two consequences arising from this general but unacknowledged poverty, and this very much acknowledged gentility, which were not amiss, and which might be introduced into many circles of society to their great improvement. For instance, the inhabitants of Cranford kept early hours, and clattered26 home in their pattens, under the guidance of a lantern-bearer, about nine o'clock at night; and the whole town was abed and asleep by half- past ten. Moreover, it was considered "vulgar" (a tremendous word in Cranford) to give anything expensive, in the way of eatable or drinkable, at the evening entertainments. Wafer bread-and-butter and sponge-biscuits were all that the Honourable27 Mrs Jamieson gave; and she was sister-in-law to the late Earl of Glenmire, although she did practise such "elegant economy."
"Elegant economy!" How naturally one falls back into the phraseology of Cranford! There, economy was always "elegant," and money-spending always "vulgar and ostentatious"; a sort of sour- grapeism which made us very peaceful and satisfied. I never shall forget the dismay felt when a certain Captain Brown came to live at Cranford, and openly spoke about his being poor--not in a whisper to an intimate friend, the doors and windows being previously28 closed, but in the public street! in a loud military voice! alleging29 his poverty as a reason for not taking a particular house. The ladies of Cranford were already rather moaning over the invasion of their territories by a man and a gentleman. He was a half-pay captain, and had obtained some situation on a neighbouring railroad, which had been vehemently30 petitioned against by the little town; and if, in addition to his masculine gender31, and his connection with the obnoxious32 railroad, he was so brazen33 as to talk of being poor--why, then, indeed, he must be sent to Coventry. Death was as true and as common as poverty; yet people never spoke about that, loud out in the streets. It was a word not to be mentioned to ears polite. We had tacitly agreed to ignore that any with whom we associated on terms of visiting equality could ever be prevented by poverty from doing anything that they wished. If we walked to or from a party, it was because the night was SO fine, or the air SO refreshing34, not because sedan-chairs were expensive. If we wore prints, instead of summer silks, it was because we preferred a washing material; and so on, till we blinded ourselves to the vulgar fact that we were, all of us, people of very moderate means. Of course, then, we did not know what to make of a man who could speak of poverty as if it was not a disgrace. Yet, somehow, Captain Brown made himself respected in Cranford, and was called upon, in spite of all resolutions to the contrary. I was surprised to hear his opinions quoted as authority at a visit which I paid to Cranford about a year after he had settled in the town. My own friends had been among the bitterest opponents of any proposal to visit the Captain and his daughters, only twelve months before; and now he was even admitted in the tabooed hours before twelve. True, it was to discover the cause of a smoking chimney, before the fire was lighted; but still Captain Brown walked upstairs, nothing daunted35, spoke in a voice too large for the room, and joked quite in the way of a tame man about the house. He had been blind to all the small slights, and omissions36 of trivial ceremonies, with which he had been received. He had been friendly, though the Cranford ladies had been cool; he had answered small sarcastic37 compliments in good faith; and with his manly38 frankness had overpowered all the shrinking which met him as a man who was not ashamed to be poor. And, at last, his excellent masculine common sense, and his facility in devising expedients39 to overcome domestic dilemmas40, had gained him an extraordinary place as authority among the Cranford ladies. He himself went on in his course, as unaware41 of his popularity as he had been of the reverse; and I am sure he was startled one day when he found his advice so highly esteemed42 as to make some counsel which he had given in jest to be taken in sober, serious earnest.
It was on this subject: An old lady had an Alderney cow, which she looked upon as a daughter. You could not pay the short quarter of an hour call without being told of the wonderful milk or wonderful intelligence of this animal. The whole town knew and kindly regarded Miss Betsy Barker's Alderney; therefore great was the sympathy and regret when, in an unguarded moment, the poor cow tumbled into a lime-pit. She moaned so loudly that she was soon heard and rescued; but meanwhile the poor beast had lost most of her hair, and came out looking naked, cold, and miserable43, in a bare skin. Everybody pitied the animal, though a few could not restrain their smiles at her droll44 appearance. Miss Betsy Barker absolutely cried with sorrow and dismay; and it was said she thought of trying a bath of oil. This remedy, perhaps, was recommended by some one of the number whose advice she asked; but the proposal, if ever it was made, was knocked on the head by Captain Brown's decided45 "Get her a flannel46 waistcoat and flannel drawers, ma'am, if you wish to keep her alive. But my advice is, kill the poor creature at once."
Miss Betsy Barker dried her eyes, and thanked the Captain heartily47; she set to work, and by-and-by all the town turned out to see the Alderney meekly48 going to her pasture, clad in dark grey flannel. I have watched her myself many a time. Do you ever see cows dressed in grey flannel in London?
Captain Brown had taken a small house on the outskirts49 of the town, where he lived with his two daughters. He must have been upwards50 of sixty at the time of the first visit I paid to Cranford after I had left it as a residence. But he had a wiry, well-trained, elastic51 figure, a stiff military throw-back of his head, and a springing step, which made him appear much younger than he was. His eldest52 daughter looked almost as old as himself, and betrayed the fact that his real was more than his apparent age. Miss Brown must have been forty; she had a sickly, pained, careworn53 expression on her face, and looked as if the gaiety of youth had long faded out of sight. Even when young she must have been plain and hard- featured. Miss Jessie Brown was ten years younger than her sister, and twenty shades prettier. Her face was round and dimpled. Miss Jenkyns once said, in a passion against Captain Brown (the cause of which I will tell you presently), "that she thought it was time for Miss Jessie to leave off her dimples, and not always to be trying to look like a child." It was true there was something childlike in her face; and there will be, I think, till she dies, though she should live to a hundred. Her eyes were large blue wondering eyes, looking straight at you; her nose was unformed and snub, and her lips were red and dewy; she wore her hair, too, in little rows of curls, which heightened this appearance. I do not know whether she was pretty or not; but I liked her face, and so did everybody, and I do not think she could help her dimples. She had something of her father's jauntiness54 of gait and manner; and any female observer might detect a slight difference in the attire55 of the two sisters-- that of Miss Jessie being about two pounds per annum more expensive than Miss Brown's. Two pounds was a large sum in Captain Brown's annual disbursements.
Such was the impression made upon me by the Brown family when I first saw them all together in Cranford Church. The Captain I had met before--on the occasion of the smoky chimney, which he had cured by some simple alteration56 in the flue. In church, he held his double eye-glass to his eyes during the Morning Hymn57, and then lifted up his head erect58 and sang out loud and joyfully59. He made the responses louder than the clerk--an old man with a piping feeble voice, who, I think, felt aggrieved60 at the Captain's sonorous61 bass62, and quivered higher and higher in consequence.
He nodded and smiled to his acquaintances; but he shook hands with none until he had helped Miss Brown to unfurl her umbrella, had relieved her of her prayer-book, and had waited patiently till she, with trembling nervous hands, had taken up her gown to walk through the wet roads.
I wonder what the Cranford ladies did with Captain Brown at their parties. We had often rejoiced, in former days, that there was no gentleman to be attended to, and to find conversation for, at the card-parties. We had congratulated ourselves upon the snugness64 of the evenings; and, in our love for gentility, and distaste of mankind, we had almost persuaded ourselves that to be a man was to be "vulgar"; so that when I found my friend and hostess, Miss Jenkyns, was going to have a party in my honour, and that Captain and the Miss Browns were invited, I wondered much what would be the course of the evening. Card-tables, with green baize tops, were set out by daylight, just as usual; it was the third week in November, so the evenings closed in about four. Candles, and clean packs of cards, were arranged on each table. The fire was made up; the neat maid-servant had received her last directions; and there we stood, dressed in our best, each with a candle-lighter in our hands, ready to dart65 at the candles as soon as the first knock came. Parties in Cranford were solemn festivities, making the ladies feel gravely elated as they sat together in their best dresses. As soon as three had arrived, we sat down to "Preference," I being the unlucky fourth. The next four comers were put down immediately to another table; and presently the tea- trays, which I had seen set out in the store-room as I passed in the morning, were placed each on the middle of a card-table. The china was delicate egg-shell; the old-fashioned silver glittered with polishing; but the eatables were of the slightest description. While the trays were yet on the tables, Captain and the Miss Browns came in; and I could see that, somehow or other, the Captain was a favourite with all the ladies present. Ruffled66 brows were smoothed, sharp voices lowered at his approach. Miss Brown looked ill, and depressed67 almost to gloom. Miss Jessie smiled as usual, and seemed nearly as popular as her father. He immediately and quietly assumed the man's place in the room; attended to every one's wants, lessened68 the pretty maid-servant's labour by waiting on empty cups and bread-and-butterless ladies; and yet did it all in so easy and dignified69 a manner, and so much as if it were a matter of course for the strong to attend to the weak, that he was a true man throughout. He played for threepenny points with as grave an interest as if they had been pounds; and yet, in all his attention to strangers, he had an eye on his suffering daughter-- for suffering I was sure she was, though to many eyes she might only appear to be irritable70. Miss Jessie could not play cards: but she talked to the sitters-out, who, before her coming, had been rather inclined to be cross. She sang, too, to an old cracked piano, which I think had been a spinet71 in its youth. Miss Jessie sang, "Jock of Hazeldean" a little out of tune72; but we were none of us musical, though Miss Jenkyns beat time, out of time, by way of appearing to be so.
It was very good of Miss Jenkyns to do this; for I had seen that, a little before, she had been a good deal annoyed by Miss Jessie Brown's unguarded admission (a propos of Shetland wool) that she had an uncle, her mother's brother, who was a shop-keeper in Edinburgh. Miss Jenkyns tried to drown this confession73 by a terrible cough--for the Honourable Mrs Jamieson was sitting at a card-table nearest Miss Jessie, and what would she say or think if she found out she was in the same room with a shop-keeper's niece! But Miss Jessie Brown (who had no tact74, as we all agreed the next morning) WOULD repeat the information, and assure Miss Pole she could easily get her the identical Shetland wool required, "through my uncle, who has the best assortment75 of Shetland goods of any one in Edinbro'." It was to take the taste of this out of our mouths, and the sound of this out of our ears, that Miss Jenkyns proposed music; so I say again, it was very good of her to beat time to the song.
When the trays re-appeared with biscuits and wine, punctually at a quarter to nine, there was conversation, comparing of cards, and talking over tricks; but by-and-by Captain Brown sported a bit of literature.
"Have you seen any numbers of 'The Pickwick Papers'?" said he. (They we're then publishing in parts.) "Capital thing!"
Now Miss Jenkyns was daughter of a deceased rector of Cranford; and, on the strength of a number of manuscript sermons, and a pretty good library of divinity, considered herself literary, and looked upon any conversation about books as a challenge to her. So she answered and said, "Yes, she had seen them; indeed, she might say she had read them."
"And what do you think of them?" exclaimed Captain Brown. "Aren't they famously good?"
So urged Miss Jenkyns could not but speak.
"I must say, I don't think they are by any means equal to Dr Johnson. Still, perhaps, the author is young. Let him persevere76, and who knows what he may become if he will take the great Doctor for his model?" This was evidently too much for Captain Brown to take placidly77; and I saw the words on the tip of his tongue before Miss Jenkyns had finished her sentence.
"It is quite a different sort of thing, my dear madam," he began.
"I am quite aware of that," returned she. "And I make allowances, Captain Brown."
"Just allow me to read you a scene out of this month's number," pleaded he. "I had it only this morning, and I don't think the company can have read it yet."
"As you please," said she, settling herself with an air of resignation. He read the account of the "swarry" which Sam Weller gave at Bath. Some of us laughed heartily. _I_ did not dare, because I was staying in the house. Miss Jenkyns sat in patient gravity. When it was ended, she turned to me, and said with mild dignity -
"Fetch me 'Rasselas,' my dear, out of the book-room."
When I had brought it to her, she turned to Captain Brown -
"Now allow me to read you a scene, and then the present company can judge between your favourite, Mr Boz, and Dr Johnson."
She read one of the conversations between Rasselas and Imlac, in a high-pitched, majestic78 voice: and when she had ended, she said, "I imagine I am now justified79 in my preference of Dr Johnson as a writer of fiction." The Captain screwed his lips up, and drummed on the table, but he did not speak. She thought she would give him a finishing blow or two.
"I consider it vulgar, and below the dignity of literature, to publish in numbers."
"How was the Rambler published, ma'am?" asked Captain Brown in a low voice, which I think Miss Jenkyns could not have heard.
"Dr Johnson's style is a model for young beginners. My father recommended it to me when I began to write letters--I have formed my own style upon it; I recommended it to your favourite."
"I should be very sorry for him to exchange his style for any such pompous80 writing," said Captain Brown.
Miss Jenkyns felt this as a personal affront81, in a way of which the Captain had not dreamed. Epistolary writing she and her friends considered as her forte82. Many a copy of many a letter have I seen written and corrected on the slate83, before she "seized the half- hour just previous to post-time to assure" her friends of this or of that; and Dr Johnson was, as she said, her model in these compositions. She drew herself up with dignity, and only replied to Captain Brown's last remark by saying, with marked emphasis on every syllable84, "I prefer Dr Johnson to Mr Boz."
It is said--I won't vouch85 for the fact--that Captain Brown was heard to say, sotto voce, "D-n Dr Johnson!" If he did, he was penitent86 afterwards, as he showed by going to stand near Miss Jenkyns' arm-chair, and endeavouring to beguile87 her into conversation on some more pleasing subject. But she was inexorable. The next day she made the remark I have mentioned about Miss Jessie's dimples.
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1
holders
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| 支持物( holder的名词复数 )； 持有者； （支票等）持有人； 支托（或握持）…之物 | |
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regiment
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| n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制 | |
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3
speck
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| n.微粒，小污点，小斑点 | |
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4
distress
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| n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛 | |
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5
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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7
eccentricity
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| n.古怪，反常，怪癖 | |
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8
retaliation
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| n.报复，反击 | |
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9
reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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10
tenor
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| n.男高音（歌手），次中音（乐器），要旨，大意 | |
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11
cogent
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| adj.强有力的，有说服力的 | |
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12
scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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13
scanty
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| adj.缺乏的，仅有的，节省的，狭小的，不够的 | |
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14
survivor
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| n.生存者，残存者，幸存者 | |
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15
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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16
spartans
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| n.斯巴达（spartan的复数形式） | |
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17
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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18
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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19
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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20
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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21
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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22
maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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23
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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housekeeper
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| n.管理家务的主妇，女管家 | |
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steward
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| n.乘务员，服务员；看管人；膳食管理员 | |
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26
clattered
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| 发出咔哒声（clatter的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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27
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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28
previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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alleging
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| 断言，宣称，辩解( allege的现在分词 ) | |
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vehemently
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| adv. 热烈地 | |
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gender
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| n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性 | |
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32
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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brazen
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| adj.厚脸皮的，无耻的，坚硬的 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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daunted
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| 使（某人）气馁，威吓( daunt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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omissions
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| n.省略( omission的名词复数 )；删节；遗漏；略去或漏掉的事（或人） | |
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sarcastic
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| adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的 | |
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manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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expedients
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| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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40
dilemmas
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| n.左右为难( dilemma的名词复数 )；窘境，困境 | |
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41
unaware
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| a.不知道的，未意识到的 | |
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42
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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43
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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44
droll
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| adj.古怪的，好笑的 | |
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45
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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46
flannel
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| n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服 | |
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47
heartily
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| adv.衷心地，诚恳地，十分，很 | |
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meekly
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| adv.温顺地，逆来顺受地 | |
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49
outskirts
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| n.郊外，郊区 | |
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50
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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51
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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52
eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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53
careworn
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| adj.疲倦的，饱经忧患的 | |
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54
jauntiness
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| n.心满意足；洋洋得意；高兴；活泼 | |
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attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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alteration
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| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
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hymn
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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aggrieved
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| adj.愤愤不平的，受委屈的；悲痛的；（在合法权利方面）受侵害的v.令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式)；令委屈，令苦恼，侵害( aggrieve的过去式和过去分词) | |
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sonorous
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| adj.响亮的，回响的；adv.圆润低沉地；感人地；n.感人，堂皇 | |
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62
bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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63
gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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snugness
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dart
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| v.猛冲，投掷；n.飞镖，猛冲 | |
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ruffled
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| adj. 有褶饰边的, 起皱的 动词ruffle的过去式和过去分词 | |
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67
depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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68
lessened
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| 减少的，减弱的 | |
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69
dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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71
spinet
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| n.小型立式钢琴 | |
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72
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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confession
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| n.自白，供认，承认 | |
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tact
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| n.机敏，圆滑，得体 | |
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assortment
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| n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集 | |
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76
persevere
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| v.坚持，坚忍，不屈不挠 | |
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placidly
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| adv.平稳地，平静地 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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80
pompous
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的；夸大的；豪华的 | |
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81
affront
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| n./v.侮辱，触怒 | |
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82
forte
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| n.长处，擅长；adj.(音乐)强音的 | |
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83
slate
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| n.板岩，石板，石片，石板色，候选人名单；adj.暗蓝灰色的，含板岩的；vt.用石板覆盖，痛打，提名，预订 | |
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84
syllable
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| n.音节；vt.分音节 | |
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85
vouch
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| v.担保；断定；n.被担保者 | |
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86
penitent
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| adj.后悔的；n.后悔者；忏悔者 | |
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87
beguile
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| vt.欺骗，消遣 | |
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