The english race are reputed morose1. I do not know that they have sadder brows than their neighbors of northern climates. They are sad by comparison with the singing and dancing nations: not sadder, but slow and staid, as finding their joys at home. They, too, believe that where there is no enjoyment2 of life, there can be no vigor3 and art in speech or thought: that your merry heart goes all the way, your sad one tires in a mile. This trait of gloom has been fixed4 on them by French travellers, who, from Froissart, Voltaire, Le Sage5, Mirabeau, down to the lively journalists of the feuilletons, have spent their wit on the solemnity of their neighbors. The French say, gay conversation is unknown in their island. The Englishman finds no relief from reflection, except in reflection. When he wishes for amusement, he goes to work. His hilarity6 is like an attack of fever. Religion, the theatre, and the reading the books of his country, all feed and increase his natural melancholy8. The police does not interfere9 with public diversions. It thinks itself bound in duty to respect the pleasures and rare gayety of this inconsolable nation; and their well-known courage is entirely10 attributable to their disgust of life.
I suppose, their gravity of demeanor11 and their few words have obtained this reputation. As compared with the Americans, I think them cheerful and contented12. Young people, in this country, are much more prone13 to melancholy. The English have a mild aspect, and a ringing cheerful voice. They are large-natured, and not so easily amused as the southerners, and are among them as grown people among children, requiring war, or trade, or engineering, or science, instead of frivolous14 games. They are proud and private, and, even if disposed to recreation, will avoid an open garden. They sported sadly; ils s’amusaient tristement, selon la coutume de leur pays, said Froissart; and, I suppose, never nation built their party-walls so thick, or their garden-fences so high. Meat and wine produce no effect on them: they are just as cold, quiet, and composed, at the end, as at the beginning of dinner.
The reputation of taciturnity they have enjoyed for six or seven hundred years; and a kind of pride in bad public speaking is noted15 in the House of Commons, as if they were willing to show that they did not live by their tongues, or thought they spoke16 well enough if they had the tone of gentlemen. In mixed company, they shut their mouths. A Yorkshire mill-owner told me, he had ridden more than once all the way from London to Leeds, in the first-class carriage, with the same persons, and no word exchanged. The club-houses were established to cultivate social habits, and it is rare that more than two eat together, and oftenest one eats alone. Was it then a stroke of humor in the serious Swedenborg, or was it only his pitiless logic17, that made him shut up the English souls in a heaven by themselves?
They are contradictorily18 described as sour, splenetic, and stubborn, — and as mild, sweet, and sensible. The truth is, they have great range and variety of character. Commerce sends abroad multitudes of different classes. The choleric19 Welshman, the fervid20 Scot, the bilious21 resident in the East or West Indies, are wide of the perfect behavior of the educated and dignified22 man of family. So is the burly farmer; so is the country ‘squire, with his narrow and violent life. In every inn, is the Commercial-Room, in which ‘travellers,’ or bagmen who carry patterns, and solicit23 orders, for the manufacturers, are wont24 to be entertained. It easily happens that this class should characterize England to the foreigner, who meets them on the road, and at every public house, whilst the gentry25 avoid the taverns26, or seclude27 themselves whilst in them.
But these classes are the right English stock, and may fairly show the national qualities, before yet art and education have dealt with them. They are good lovers, good haters, slow but obstinate28 admirers, and, in all things, very much steeped in their temperament30, like men hardly awaked from deep sleep, which they enjoy. Their habits and instincts cleave31 to nature. They are of the earth, earthy; and of the sea, as the sea-kinds, attached to it for what it yields them, and not from any sentiment. They are full of coarse strength, rude exercise, butcher’s meat, and sound sleep; and suspect any poetic32 insinuation or any hint for the conduct of life which reflects on this animal existence, as if somebody were fumbling33 at the umbilical cord and might stop their supplies. They doubt a man’s sound judgment34, if he does not eat with appetite, and shake their heads if he is particularly chaste35. Take them as they come, you shall find in the common people a surly indifference36, sometimes gruffness and ill temper; and, in minds of more power, magazines of inexhaustible war, challenging
“The ruggedest hour that time and spite dare bring
To frown upon the enraged37 Northumberland.”
They are headstrong believers and defenders38 of their opinion, and not less resolute39 in maintaining their whim40 and perversity41. Hezekiah Woodward wrote a book against the Lord’s Prayer. And one can believe that Burton the Anatomist of Melancholy, having predicted from the stars the hour of his death, slipped the knot himself round his own neck, not to falsify his horoscope.
Their looks bespeak42 an invincible43 stoutness45: they have extreme difficulty to run away, and will die game. Wellington said of the young coxcombs of the Life-Guards delicately brought up, “but the puppies fight well;” and Nelson said of his sailors, “they really mind shot no more than peas.” Of absolute stoutness no nation has more or better examples. They are good at storming redoubts, at boarding frigates46, at dying in the last ditch, or any desperate service which has daylight and honor in it; but not, I think, at enduring the rack, or any passive obedience47, like jumping off a castle-roof at the word of a czar. Being both vascular48 and highly organized, so as to be very sensible of pain; and intellectual, so as to see reason and glory in a matter.
Of that constitutional force, which yields the supplies of the day, they have the more than enough, the excess which creates courage on fortitude49, genius in poetry, invention in mechanics, enterprise in trade, magnificence in wealth, splendor50 in ceremonies, petulance51 and projects in youth. The young men have a rude health which runs into peccant humors. They drink brandy like water, cannot expend52 their quantities of waste strength on riding, hunting, swimming, and fencing, and run into absurd frolics with the gravity of the Eumenides. They stoutly53 carry into every nook and corner of the earth their turbulent sense; leaving no lie uncontradicted; no pretension54 unexamined. They chew hasheesh; cut themselves with poisoned creases55; swing their hammock in the boughs56 of the Bohon Upas; taste every poison; buy every secret; at Naples, they put St. Januarius’s blood in an alembic; they saw a hole into the head of the “winking Virgin,” to know why she winks57; measure with an English footrule every cell of the Inquisition, every Turkish caaba, every Holy of holies; translate and send to Bentley the arcanum bribed58 and bullied59 away from shuddering60 Bramins; and measure their own strength by the terror they cause. These travellers are of every class, the best and the worst; and it may easily happen that those of rudest behavior are taken notice of and remembered. The Saxon melancholy in the vulgar rich and poor appears as gushes61 of ill-humor, which every check exasperates62 into sarcasm63 and vituperation. There are multitudes of rude young English who have the self-sufficiency and bluntness of their nation, and who, with their disdain64 of the rest of mankind, and with this indigestion and choler, have made the English traveller a proverb for uncomfortable and offensive manners. It was no bad description of the Briton generically65, what was said two hundred years ago, of one particular Oxford66 scholar: “He was a very bold man, uttered any thing that came into his mind, not only among his companions, but in public coffee-houses, and would often speak his mind of particular persons then accidentally present, without examining the company he was in; for which he was often reprimanded, and several times threatened to be kicked and beaten.”
The common Englishman is prone to forget a cardinal67 article in the bill of social rights, that every man has a right to his own ears. No man can claim to usurp68 more than a few cubic feet of the audibilities of a public room, or to put upon the company with the loud statement of his crotchets or personalities69.
But it is in the deep traits of race that the fortunes of nations are written, and however derived70, whether a happier tribe or mixture of tribes, the air, or what circumstance, that mixed for them the golden mean of temperament, — here exists the best stock in the world, broad-fronted, broad-bottomed, best for depth, range, and equability, men of aplomb71 and reserves, great range and many moods, strong instincts, yet apt for culture; war-class as well as clerks; earls and tradesmen; wise minority, as well as foolish majority; abysmal72 temperament, hiding wells of wrath73, and glooms on which no sunshine settles; alternated with a common sense and humanity which hold them fast to every piece of cheerful duty; making this temperament a sea to which all storms are superficial; a race to which their fortunes flow, as if they alone had the elastic74 organization at once fine and robust75 enough for dominion76; as if the burly inexpressive, now mute and contumacious77, now fierce and sharp-tongued dragon, which once made the island light with his fiery78 breath, had bequeathed his ferocity to his conqueror79. They hide virtues80 under vices81, or the semblance82 of them. It is the misshapen hairy Scandinavian troll again, who lifts the cart out of the mire29, or “threshes the corn that ten day-laborers could not end,” but it is done in the dark, and with muttered maledictions. He is a churl83 with a soft place in his heart, whose speech is a brash of bitter waters, but who loves to help you at a pinch. He says no, and serves you, and your thanks disgust him. Here was lately a cross-grained miser84, odd and ugly, resembling in countenance85 the portrait of Punch, with the laugh left out; rich by his own industry; sulking in a lonely house; who never gave a dinner to any man, and disdained86 all courtesies; yet as true a worshipper of beauty in form and color as ever existed, and profusely87 pouring over the cold mind of his countrymen creations of grace and truth, removing the reproach of sterility88 from English art, catching89 from their savage90 climate every fine hint, and importing into their galleries every tint91 and trait of sunnier cities and skies; making an era in painting; and, when he saw that the splendor of one of his pictures in the Exhibition dimmed his rival’s that hung next it, secretly took a brush and blackened his own.
They do not wear their heart in their sleeve for daws to peck at. They have that phlegm or staidness, which it is a compliment to disturb. “Great men,” said Aristotle, “are always of a nature originally melancholy.” ‘Tis the habit of a mind which attaches to abstractions with a passion which gives vast results. They dare to displease92, they do not speak to expectation. They like the sayers of No, better than the sayers of Yes. Each of them has an opinion which he feels it becomes him to express all the more that it differs from yours. They are meditating93 opposition94. This gravity is inseparable from minds of great resources.
There is an English hero superior to the French, the German, the Italian, or the Greek. When he is brought to the strife95 with fate, he sacrifices a richer material possession, and on more purely96 metaphysical grounds. He is there with his own consent, face to face with fortune, which he defies. On deliberate choice, and from grounds of character, he has elected his part to live and die for, and dies with grandeur97. This race has added new elements to humanity, and has a deeper root in the world.
They have great range of scale, from ferocity to exquisite98 refinement99. With larger scale, they have great retrieving100 power. After running each tendency to an extreme, they try another tack7 with equal heat. More intellectual than other races, when they live with other races, they do not take their language, but bestow101 their own. They subsidize other nations, and are not subsidized. They proselyte, and are not proselyted. They assimilate other races to themselves, and are not assimilated. The English did not calculate the conquest of the Indies. It fell to their character. So they administer in different parts of the world, the codes of every empire and race; in Canada, old French law; in the Mauritius, the Code Napoleon; in the West Indies, the edicts of the Spanish Cortes; in the East Indies, the Laws of Menu; in the Isle102 of Man, of the Scandinavian Thing; at the Cape103 of Good Hope, of the old Netherlands; and in the Ionian Islands, the Pandects of Justinian.
They are very conscious of their advantageous104 position in history. England is the lawgiver, the patron, the instructor105, the ally. Compare the tone of the French and of the English press: the first querulous, captious106, sensitive about English opinion; the English press is never timorous107 about French opinion, but arrogant108 and contemptuous.
They are testy109 and headstrong through an excess of will and bias110; churlish as men sometimes please to be who do not forget a debt, who ask no favors, and who will do what they like with their own. With education and intercourse111, these asperities112 wear off, and leave the good will pure. If anatomy113 is reformed according to national tendencies, I suppose, the spleen will hereafter be found in the Englishman, not found in the American, and differencing the one from the other. I anticipate another anatomical discovery, that this organ will be found to be cortical and caducous, that they are superficially morose, but at last tender-hearted, herein differing from Rome and the Latin nations. Nothing savage, nothing mean resides in the English heart. They are subject to panics of credulity and of rage, but the temper of the nation, however disturbed, settles itself soon and easily, as, in this temperate114 zone, the sky after whatever storms clears again, and serenity115 is its normal condition.
A saving stupidity masks and protects their perception as the curtain of the eagle’s eye. Our swifter Americans, when they first deal with English, pronounce them stupid; but, later, do them justice as people who wear well, or hide their strength. To understand the power of performance that is in their finest wits, in the patient Newton, or in the versatile116 transcendent poets, or in the Dugdales, Gibbons, Hallams, Eldons, and Peels, one should see how English day-laborers hold out. High and low, they are of an unctuous117 texture118. There is an adipocere in their constitution, as if they had oil also for their mental wheels, and could perform vast amounts of work without damaging themselves.
Even the scale of expense on which people live, and to which scholars and professional men conform, proves the tension of their muscle, when vast numbers are found who can each lift this enormous load. I might even add, their daily feasts argue a savage vigor of body.
No nation was ever so rich in able men; “gentlemen,” as Charles I. said of Strafford, “whose abilities might make a prince rather afraid than ashamed in the greatest affairs of state;” men of such temper, that, like Baron119 Vere, “had one seen him returning from a victory, he would by his silence have suspected that he had lost the day; and, had he beheld120 him in a retreat, he would have collected him a conqueror by the cheerfulness of his spirit.” 9
9 Fuller. Worthies121 of England.
The following passage from the Heimskringla might almost stand as a portrait of the modern Englishman: — “Haldor was very stout44 and strong, and remarkably122 handsome in appearances. King Harold gave him this testimony123, that he, among all his men, cared least about doubtful circumstances, whether they betokened124 danger or pleasure; for, whatever turned up, he was never in higher nor in lower spirits, never slept less nor more on account of them, nor ate nor drank but according to his custom. Haldor was not a man of many words, but short in conversation, told his opinion bluntly, and was obstinate and hard: and this could not please the king, who had many clever people about him, zealous125 in his service. Haldor remained a short time with the king, and then came to Iceland, where he took up his abode126 in Hiardaholt, and dwelt in that farm to a very advanced age.” 10
10 Heimskringla, Laing’s translation, vol. iii. p. 37.
The national temper, in the civil history, is not flashy or whiffling. The slow, deep English mass smoulders with fire, which at last sets all its borders in flame. The wrath of London is not French wrath, but has a long memory, and, in its hottest heat, a register and rule.
Half their strength they put not forth127. They are capable of a sublime128 resolution, and if hereafter the war of races, often predicted, and making itself a war of opinions also (a question of despotism and liberty coming from Eastern Europe), should menace the English civilization, these sea-kings may take once again to their floating castles, and find a new home and a second millennium129 of power in their colonies.
The stability of England is the security of the modern world. If the English race were as mutable as the French, what reliance? But the English stand for liberty. The conservative, money-loving, lord-loving English are yet liberty-loving; and so freedom is safe: for they have more personal force than any other people. The nation always resist the immoral130 action of their government. They think humanely131 on the affairs of France, of Turkey, of Poland, of Hungary, of Schleswig Holstein, though overborne by the statecraft of the rulers at last.
Does the early history of each tribe show the permanent bias, which, though not less potent132, is masked, as the tribe spreads its activity into colonies, commerce, codes, arts, letters? The early history shows it, as the musician plays the air which he proceeds to conceal133 in a tempest of variations. In Alfred, in the Northmen, one may read the genius of the English society, namely, that private life is the place of honor. Glory, a career, and ambition, words familiar to the longitude134 of Paris, are seldom heard in English speech. Nelson wrote from their hearts his homely135 telegraph, “England expects every man to do his duty.”
For actual service, for the dignity of a profession, or to appease136 diseased or inflamed137 talent, the army and navy may be entered (the worst boys doing well in the navy); and the civil service, in departments where serious official work is done; and they hold in esteem138 the barrister engaged in the severer studies of the law. But the calm, sound, and most British Briton shrinks from public life, as charlatanism139, and respects an economy founded on agriculture, coal-mines, manufactures, or trade, which secures an independence through the creation of real values.
They wish neither to command or obey, but to be kings in their own houses. They are intellectual and deeply enjoy literature; they like well to have the world served up to them in books, maps, models, and every mode of exact information, and, though not creators in art, they value its refinement. They are ready for leisure, can direct and fill their own day, nor need so much as others the constraint140 of a necessity. But the history of the nation discloses, at every turn, this original predilection141 for private independence, and, however this inclination142 may have been disturbed by the bribes143 with which their vast colonial power has warped144 men out of orbit, the inclination endures, and forms and reforms the laws, letters, manners, and occupations. They choose that welfare which is compatible with the commonwealth145, knowing that such alone is stable; as wise merchants prefer investments in the three per cents.
收听单词发音 |
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morose
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| adj.脾气坏的，不高兴的 | |
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enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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hilarity
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| n.欢乐；热闹 | |
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tack
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| n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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demeanor
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| n.行为；风度 | |
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contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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prone
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| adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的 | |
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frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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logic
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| n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性 | |
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contradictorily
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| adv.反驳地，逆，矛盾地 | |
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choleric
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| adj.易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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fervid
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| adj.热情的；炽热的 | |
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bilious
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| adj.胆汁过多的；易怒的 | |
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dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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solicit
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| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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taverns
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| n.小旅馆，客栈，酒馆( tavern的名词复数 ) | |
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seclude
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| vi.使隔离，使孤立，使隐退 | |
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obstinate
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| adj.顽固的，倔强的，不易屈服的，较难治愈的 | |
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mire
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| n.泥沼，泥泞；v.使...陷于泥泞，使...陷入困境 | |
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temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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cleave
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| v．(clave；cleaved)粘着，粘住；坚持；依恋 | |
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poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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fumbling
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| n. 摸索,漏接 v. 摸索,摸弄,笨拙的处理 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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chaste
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| adj.贞洁的；有道德的；善良的；简朴的 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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enraged
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| 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 )； 歜； 激愤 | |
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defenders
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| n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者 | |
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resolute
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| adj.坚决的，果敢的 | |
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whim
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| n.一时的兴致，突然的念头；奇想，幻想 | |
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perversity
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| n.任性；刚愎自用 | |
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bespeak
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| v.预定；预先请求 | |
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invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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stoutness
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| 坚固，刚毅 | |
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frigates
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| n.快速军舰( frigate的名词复数 ) | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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vascular
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| adj.血管的，脉管的 | |
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fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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petulance
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| n.发脾气，生气，易怒，暴躁，性急 | |
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expend
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| vt.花费，消费，消耗 | |
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stoutly
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| adv.牢固地，粗壮的 | |
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pretension
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| n.要求；自命，自称；自负 | |
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creases
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| （使…）起折痕，弄皱( crease的第三人称单数 )； （皮肤）皱起，使起皱纹 | |
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boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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winks
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| v.使眼色( wink的第三人称单数 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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58
bribed
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| v.贿赂( bribe的过去式和过去分词 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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59
bullied
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| adj.被欺负了v.恐吓，威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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60
shuddering
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| v.战栗( shudder的现在分词 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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61
gushes
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| n.涌出，迸发( gush的名词复数 )v.喷，涌( gush的第三人称单数 )；滔滔不绝地说话 | |
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62
exasperates
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| n.激怒，触怒( exasperate的名词复数 )v.激怒，触怒( exasperate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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63
sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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64
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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65
generically
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| adv.一般地 | |
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66
Oxford
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| n.牛津（英国城市） | |
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67
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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68
usurp
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| vt.篡夺，霸占；vi.篡位 | |
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69
personalities
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| n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 ) | |
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70
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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71
aplomb
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| n.沉着，镇静 | |
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72
abysmal
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| adj.无底的，深不可测的，极深的；糟透的，极坏的；完全的 | |
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73
wrath
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| n.愤怒，愤慨，暴怒 | |
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74
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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75
robust
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| adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的 | |
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76
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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77
contumacious
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| adj.拒不服从的，违抗的 | |
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78
fiery
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| adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的 | |
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79
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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80
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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81
vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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82
semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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83
churl
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| n.吝啬之人；粗鄙之人 | |
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84
miser
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| n.守财奴，吝啬鬼 (adj.miserly) | |
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85
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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86
disdained
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| 鄙视( disdain的过去式和过去分词 )； 不屑于做，不愿意做 | |
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87
profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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88
sterility
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| n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠，消毒，无菌 | |
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89
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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90
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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91
tint
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| n.淡色，浅色；染发剂；vt.着以淡淡的颜色 | |
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92
displease
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| vt.使不高兴，惹怒；n.不悦，不满，生气 | |
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93
meditating
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| a.沉思的，冥想的 | |
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94
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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95
strife
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| n.争吵，冲突，倾轧，竞争 | |
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96
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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97
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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98
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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99
refinement
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| n.文雅；高尚；精美；精制；精炼 | |
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100
retrieving
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| n.检索（过程），取还v.取回( retrieve的现在分词 )；恢复；寻回；检索（储存的信息） | |
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101
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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102
isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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103
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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104
advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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105
instructor
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| n.指导者，教员，教练 | |
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106
captious
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| adj.难讨好的，吹毛求疵的 | |
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107
timorous
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| adj.胆怯的，胆小的 | |
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108
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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109
testy
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| adj.易怒的；暴躁的 | |
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110
bias
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| n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见 | |
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111
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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112
asperities
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| n.粗暴( asperity的名词复数 )；（表面的）粗糙；（环境的）艰苦；严寒的天气 | |
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113
anatomy
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| n.解剖学，解剖；功能，结构，组织 | |
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114
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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115
serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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116
versatile
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| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
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117
unctuous
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| adj.油腔滑调的，大胆的 | |
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118
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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119
baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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120
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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121
worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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122
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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123
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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124
betokened
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| v.预示，表示( betoken的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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125
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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126
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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127
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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128
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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129
millennium
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| n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世 | |
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130
immoral
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| adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的 | |
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131
humanely
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| adv.仁慈地；人道地；富人情地；慈悲地 | |
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132
potent
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| adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的 | |
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133
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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134
longitude
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| n.经线，经度 | |
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135
homely
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| adj.家常的，简朴的；不漂亮的 | |
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136
appease
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| v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足 | |
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137
inflamed
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| adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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138
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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139
charlatanism
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| n.庸医术，庸医的行为 | |
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140
constraint
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| n.(on)约束，限制；限制(或约束)性的事物 | |
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141
predilection
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| n.偏好 | |
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142
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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143
bribes
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| n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂 | |
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144
warped
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| adj.反常的；乖戾的；（变）弯曲的；变形的v.弄弯，变歪( warp的过去式和过去分词 )；使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾， | |
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145
commonwealth
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| n.共和国，联邦，共同体 | |
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