It was an old custom in Headlong Hall to have breakfast ready at eight, and continue it till two; that the various guests might rise at their own hour, breakfast when they came down, and employ the morning as they thought proper; the squire1 only expecting that they should punctually assemble at dinner. During the whole of this period, the little butler stood sentinel at a side-table near the fire, copiously3 furnished with all the apparatus4 of tea, coffee, chocolate, milk, cream, eggs, rolls, toast, muffins, bread, butter, potted beef, cold fowl5 and partridge, ham, tongue, and anchovy6. The Reverend Doctor Gaster found himself rather queasy7 in the morning, therefore preferred breakfasting in bed, on a mug of buttered ale and an anchovy toast. The three philosophers made their appearance at eight, and enjoyed les prémices des dépouilles. Mr Foster proposed that, as it was a fine frosty morning, and they were all good pedestrians8, they should take a walk to Tremadoc, to see the improvements carrying on in that vicinity. This being readily acceded9 to, they began their walk.
After their departure, appeared Squire Headlong and Mr Milestone10, who agreed, over their muffin and partridge, to walk together to a ruined tower, within the precincts of the squire’s grounds, which Mr Milestone thought he could improve.
The other guests dropped in by ones and twos, and made their respective arrangements for the morning. Mr Panscope took a little ramble11 with Mr Cranium, in the course of which, the former professed12 a great enthusiasm for the science of craniology, and a great deal of love for the beautiful Cephalis, adding a few words about his expectations; the old gentleman was unable to withstand this triple battery, and it was accordingly determined13 — after the manner of the heroic age, in which it was deemed superfluous14 to consult the opinions and feelings of the lady, as to the manner in which she should be disposed of — that the lovely Miss Cranium should be made the happy bride of the accomplished15 Mr Panscope. We shall leave them for the present to settle preliminaries, while we accompany the three philosophers in their walk to Tremadoc.
The vale contracted as they advanced, and, when they had passed the termination of the lake, their road wound along a narrow and romantic pass, through the middle of which an impetuous torrent17 dashed over vast fragments of stone. The pass was bordered on both sides by perpendicular18 rocks, broken into the wildest forms of fantastic magnificence.
“These are, indeed,” said Mr Escot, “confracti mundi rudera1: yet they must be feeble images of the valleys of the Andes, where the philosophic19 eye may contemplate20, in their utmost extent, the effects of that tremendous convulsion which destroyed the perpendicularity21 of the poles, and inundated22 this globe with that torrent of physical evil, from which the greater torrent of moral evil has issued, that will continue to roll on, with an expansive power and an accelerated impetus23, till the whole human race shall be swept away in its vortex.”
“The precession of the equinoxes,” said Mr Foster, “will gradually ameliorate the physical state of our planet, till the ecliptic shall again coincide with the equator, and the equal diffusion24 of light and heat over the whole surface of the earth typify the equal and happy existence of man, who will then have attained25 the final step of pure and perfect intelligence.”
“It is by no means clear,” said Mr Jenkison, “that the axis26 of the earth was ever perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, or that it ever will be so. Explosion and convulsion are necessary to the maintenance of either hypothesis: for La Place has demonstrated, that the precession of the equinoxes is only a secular27 equation of a very long period, which, of course, proves nothing either on one side or the other.”
They now emerged, by a winding28 ascent29, from the vale of Llanberris, and after some little time arrived at Bedd Gelert. Proceeding30 through the sublimely31 romantic pass of Aberglaslynn, their road led along the edge of Traeth Mawr, a vast arm of the sea, which they then beheld32 in all the magnificence of the flowing tide. Another five miles brought them to the embankment, which has since been completed, and which, by connecting the two counties of Meirionnydd and Caernarvon, excludes the sea from an extensive tract16. The embankment, which was carried on at the same time from both the opposite coasts, was then very nearly meeting in the centre. They walked to the extremity33 of that part of it which was thrown out from the Caernarvonshire shore. The tide was now ebbing34: it had filled the vast basin within, forming a lake about five miles in length and more than one in breadth. As they looked upwards35 with their backs to the open sea, they beheld a scene which no other in this country can parallel, and which the admirers of the magnificence of nature will ever remember with regret, whatever consolation36 may be derived37 from the probable utility of the works which have excluded the waters from their ancient receptacle. Vast rocks and precipices38, intersected with little torrents39, formed the barrier on the left: on the right, the triple summit of Mo?lwyn reared its majestic40 boundary: in the depth was that sea of mountains, the wild and stormy outline of the Snowdonian chain, with the giant Wyddfa towering in the midst. The mountain-frame remains41 unchanged, unchangeable: but the liquid mirror it enclosed is gone.
The tide ebbed42 with rapidity: the waters within, retained by the embankment, poured through its two points an impetuous cataract43, curling and boiling in innumerable eddies44, and making a tumultuous melody admirably in unison46 with the surrounding scene. The three philosophers looked on in silence; and at length unwillingly47 turned away, and proceeded to the little town of Tremadoc, which is built on land recovered in a similar manner from the sea. After inspecting the manufactories, and refreshing48 themselves at the inn on a cold saddle of mutton and a bottle of sherry, they retraced49 their steps towards Headlong Hall, commenting as they went on the various objects they had seen.
Mr Escot. I regret that time did not allow us to see the caves on the sea-shore. There is one of which the depth is said to be unknown. There is a tradition in the country, that an adventurous50 fiddler once resolved to explore it; that he entered, and never returned; but that the subterranean52 sound of a fiddle51 was heard at a farm-house seven miles inland. It is, therefore, concluded that he lost his way in the labyrinth53 of caverns54, supposed to exist under the rocky soil of this part of the country.
Mr Jenkison. A supposition that must always remain in force, unless a second fiddler, equally adventurous and more successful, should return with an accurate report of the true state of the fact.
Mr Foster. What think you of the little colony we have just been inspecting; a city, as it were, in its cradle?
Mr Escot. With all the weakness of infancy55, and all the vices56 of maturer age. I confess, the sight of those manufactories, which have suddenly sprung up, like fungous excrescences, in the bosom57 of these wild and desolate58 scenes, impressed me with as much horror and amazement59 as the sudden appearance of the stocking manufactory struck into the mind of Rousseau, when, in a lonely valley of the Alps, he had just congratulated himself on finding a spot where man had never been.
Mr Foster. The manufacturing system is not yet purified from some evils which necessarily attend it, but which I conceive are greatly overbalanced by their concomitant advantages. Contemplate the vast sum of human industry to which this system so essentially60 contributes: seas covered with vessels61, ports resounding62 with life, profound researches, scientific inventions, complicated mechanism63, canals carried over deep valleys, and through the bosoms64 of hills: employment and existence thus given to innumerable families, and the multiplied comforts and conveniences of life diffused65 over the whole community.
Mr Escot. You present to me a complicated picture of artificial life, and require me to admire it. Seas covered with vessels: every one of which contains two or three tyrants66, and from fifty to a thousand slaves, ignorant, gross, perverted67, and active only in mischief68. Ports resounding with life: in other words, with noise and drunkenness, the mingled69 din2 of avarice70, intemperance71, and prostitution. Profound researches, scientific inventions: to what end? To contract the sum of human wants? to teach the art of living on a little? to disseminate72 independence, liberty, and health? No; to multiply factitious desires, to stimulate73 depraved appetites, to invent unnatural74 wants, to heap up incense75 on the shrine76 of luxury, and accumulate expedients77 of selfish and ruinous profusion78. Complicated machinery79: behold80 its blessings81. Twenty years ago, at the door of every cottage sate82 the good woman with her spinning-wheel: the children, if not more profitably employed than in gathering83 heath and sticks, at least laid in a stock of health and strength to sustain the labours of maturer years. Where is the spinning-wheel now, and every simple and insulated occupation of the industrious84 cottager? Wherever this boasted machinery is established, the children of the poor are death-doomed from their cradles. Look for one moment at midnight into a cotton-mill, amidst the smell of oil, the smoke of lamps, the rattling85 of wheels, the dizzy and complicated motions of diabolical86 mechanism: contemplate the little human machines that keep play with the revolutions of the iron work, robbed at that hour of their natural rest, as of air and exercise by day: observe their pale and ghastly features, more ghastly in that baleful and malignant87 light, and tell me if you do not fancy yourself on the threshold of Virgil’s hell, where
Continuo audit88? voces, vagitus et ingens,
Infantumque anim? flentes, in limine primo,
Quos dulcis vit? exsortes, et ab ubere raptos,
Abstulit atra dies, et FUNERE MERSIT ACERBO!
As Mr Escot said this, a little rosy-cheeked girl, with a basket of heath on her head, came tripping down the side of one of the rocks on the left. The force of contrast struck even on the phlegmatic89 spirit of Mr Jenkison, and he almost inclined for a moment to the doctrine90 of deterioration91. Mr Escot continued:
Mr Escot. Nor is the lot of the parents more enviable. Sedentary victims of unhealthy toil92, they have neither the corporeal93 energy of the savage94, nor the mental acquisitions of the civilised man. Mind, indeed, they have none, and scarcely animal life. They are mere95 automata, component96 parts of the enormous machines which administer to the pampered97 appetites of the few, who consider themselves the most valuable portion of a state, because they consume in indolence the fruits of the earth, and contribute nothing to the benefit of the community.
Mr Jenkison. That these are evils cannot be denied; but they have their counterbalancing advantages. That a man should pass the day in a furnace and the night in a cellar, is bad for the individual, but good for others who enjoy the benefit of his labour.
Mr Escot. By what right do they so?
Mr Jenkison. By the right of all property and all possession: le droit du plus fort.
Mr Escot. Do you justify98 that principle?
Mr Jenkison. I neither justify nor condemn99 it. It is practically recognised in all societies; and, though it is certainly the source of enormous evil, I conceive it is also the source of abundant good, or it would not have so many supporters.
Mr Escot. That is by no means a consequence. Do we not every day see men supporting the most enormous evils, which they know to be so with respect to others, and which in reality are so with respect to themselves, though an erroneous view of their own miserable100 self-interest induces them to think otherwise?
Mr Jenkison. Good and evil exist only as they are perceived. I cannot therefore understand, how that which a man perceives to be good can be in reality an evil to him: indeed, the word reality only signifies strong belief.
Mr Escot. The views of such a man I contend are false. If he could be made to see the truth ——
Mr Jenkison. He sees his own truth. Truth is that which a man troweth. Where there is no man there is no truth. Thus the truth of one is not the truth of another.2
Mr Foster. I am aware of the etymology101; but I contend that there is an universal and immutable102 truth, deducible from the nature of things.
Mr Jenkison. By whom deducible? Philosophers have investigated the nature of things for centuries, yet no two of them will agree in trowing the same conclusion.
Mr Foster. The progress of philosophical103 investigation104, and the rapidly increasing accuracy of human knowledge, approximate by degrees the diversities of opinion; so that, in process of time, moral science will be susceptible105 of mathematical demonstration106; and, clear and indisputable principles being universally recognised, the coincidence of deduction107 will necessarily follow.
Mr Escot. Possibly when the inroads of luxury and disease shall have exterminated108 nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine of every million of the human race, the remaining fractional units may congregate109 into one point, and come to something like the same conclusion.
Mr Jenkison. I doubt it much. I conceive, if only we three were survivors110 of the whole system of terrestrial being, we should never agree in our decisions as to the cause of the calamity111.
Mr Escot. Be that as it may, I think you must at least assent112 to the following positions: that the many are sacrificed to the few; that ninety-nine in a hundred are occupied in a perpetual struggle for the preservation113 of a perilous114 and precarious115 existence, while the remaining one wallows in all the redundancies of luxury that can be wrung116 from their labours and privations; that luxury and liberty are incompatible117; and that every new want you invent for civilised man is a new instrument of torture for him who cannot indulge it.
They had now regained118 the shores of the lake, when the conversation was suddenly interrupted by a tremendous explosion, followed by a violent splashing of water, and various sounds of tumult45 and confusion, which induced them to quicken their pace towards the spot whence they proceeded.
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1
squire
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| n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅 | |
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din
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| n.喧闹声，嘈杂声 | |
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copiously
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| adv.丰富地，充裕地 | |
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apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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anchovy
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| n.凤尾鱼 | |
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queasy
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| adj.易呕的 | |
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pedestrians
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| n.步行者( pedestrian的名词复数 ) | |
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acceded
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| v.（正式）加入( accede的过去式和过去分词 )；答应；（通过财产的添附而）增加；开始任职 | |
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milestone
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| n.里程碑；划时代的事件 | |
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ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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professed
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| 公开声称的，伪称的，已立誓信教的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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perpendicular
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| adj.垂直的，直立的；n.垂直线，垂直的位置 | |
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philosophic
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| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
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contemplate
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| vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视 | |
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perpendicularity
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| n.垂直，直立；垂直度 | |
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inundated
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| v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付 | |
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impetus
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| n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力 | |
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diffusion
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| n.流布；普及；散漫 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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axis
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| n.轴，轴线，中心线；坐标轴，基准线 | |
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secular
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| n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的 | |
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winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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ascent
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| n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高 | |
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proceeding
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| n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报 | |
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sublimely
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| 高尚地，卓越地 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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ebbing
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的现在分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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precipices
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| n.悬崖，峭壁( precipice的名词复数 ) | |
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torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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ebbed
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| （指潮水）退( ebb的过去式和过去分词 )； 落； 减少； 衰落 | |
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cataract
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| n.大瀑布，奔流，洪水，白内障 | |
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eddies
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| （水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流( eddy的名词复数 ) | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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unison
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| n.步调一致，行动一致 | |
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unwillingly
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| adv.不情愿地 | |
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refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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retraced
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| v.折回( retrace的过去式和过去分词 )；回忆；回顾；追溯 | |
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adventurous
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| adj.爱冒险的；惊心动魄的，惊险的，刺激的 | |
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fiddle
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| n.小提琴；vi.拉提琴；不停拨弄，乱动 | |
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subterranean
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| adj.地下的，地表下的 | |
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labyrinth
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| n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路 | |
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caverns
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| 大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 ) | |
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infancy
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| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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resounding
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| adj. 响亮的 | |
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mechanism
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| n.机械装置；机构，结构 | |
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bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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perverted
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| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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intemperance
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| n.放纵 | |
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disseminate
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| v.散布；传播 | |
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stimulate
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| vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋 | |
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unnatural
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| adj.不自然的；反常的 | |
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incense
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| v.激怒；n.香，焚香时的烟，香气 | |
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shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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expedients
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| n.应急有效的，权宜之计的( expedient的名词复数 ) | |
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profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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81
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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sate
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| v.使充分满足 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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industrious
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| adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的 | |
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rattling
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| adj. 格格作响的, 活泼的, 很好的 adv. 极其, 很, 非常 动词rattle的现在分词 | |
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diabolical
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| adj.恶魔似的，凶暴的 | |
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malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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audit
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| v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听 | |
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phlegmatic
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| adj.冷静的，冷淡的，冷漠的，无活力的 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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deterioration
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| n.退化；恶化；变坏 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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corporeal
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| adj.肉体的，身体的；物质的 | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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component
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| n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的 | |
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pampered
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| adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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etymology
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| n.语源；字源学 | |
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102
immutable
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| adj.不可改变的，永恒的 | |
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103
philosophical
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| adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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susceptible
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| adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的 | |
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demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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deduction
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| n.减除，扣除，减除额；推论，推理，演绎 | |
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108
exterminated
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| v.消灭，根绝( exterminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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congregate
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| v.(使)集合，聚集 | |
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survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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calamity
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| n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件 | |
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112
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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113
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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114
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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115
precarious
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| adj.不安定的，靠不住的；根据不足的 | |
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116
wrung
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| 绞( wring的过去式和过去分词 )； 握紧（尤指别人的手）； 把（湿衣服）拧干； 绞掉（水） | |
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incompatible
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| adj.不相容的，不协调的，不相配的 | |
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118
regained
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| 复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地 | |
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