“‘Be advised by a plain man, (said the quaker to the soldier), ‘Modes and apparels are but trifles to the real man: therefore do not think such a man as thyself terrible for thy garb1 nor such a one as me contemptible2 for mine.’”— ADDISON.
Small must be the Isle3 of Dreams, so small that possession is possible. A choice passion is not to be squandered4 on that which, owing to exasperating5 bigness, can never be fully6 possessed7. An island of bold dimensions may be free to all — wanton and vagrant8, unlovable. Such is not for the epicure9 — the lover of the subtle fascination10, the dainty moods, and pretty expressions of islands. The Isle must be small, too, because since it is yours it becomes a duty to exhaustively comprehend it. Familiarity with its lines of coast and sky, its declivities and hollows, its sunny places, its deepest shades, the sources of its streams, the meagre beginning of its gullies cannot suffice. Superficial intimacy11 with features betrayable to the senses of any undiscriminating beholder12 is naught13. Casual knowledge of its botany and birds counts for little. All — even the least significant, the least obvious of its charms are there to, give conservative delight, and surly the soul that would despise them.
If you would read the months off-hand by the flowering of trees and shrubs14 and the coming and going of birds; if the inhalation of scents16 is to convey photographic details of scenes whence they originate; if you would explore miles of sunless jungle by ways unstable17 as water; if you would have the sites of camps of past generations of blacks reveal the arts and occupations of the race, its dietary scale and the pastimes of its children; if you desire to have exact first-hand knowledge, to revel18 in the rich delights of new experiences, your scope must be limited.
The sentiments of a true lover of an Isle cannot without sacrilege be shared. The love is an exclusive passion, not of Herodian fierceness, misgiving19, and gloom, but of joyful20 jealousy21, for it must be well-nigh impossible to every one else.
Such is this delicious Isle — this unkempt, unrestrained garden where the centuries gaze upon perpetual summer. Small it is, and of varied22 charms — set in the fountain of time-defying youth. Abundantly sprinkled with tepid23 rains, vivified by the glorious sun, its verdure tolerates no trace of age. No ill or sour vapours contaminate its breath. Bland24 and ever fresh breezes preserve its excellencies untarnished. It typifies all that is tranquil25, quiet, easeful, dreamlike, for it is the, Isle of Dreams.
All is lovable — from crescentric sandpit — coaxing26 and consenting to the virile27 moods of the sea, harmonious28 with wind-shaken casuarinas, tinkling29 with the cries of excitable tern — to the stolid30 grey walls and blocks of granite31 which have for unrecorded centuries shouldered off the white surges of the Pacific. The flounces of mangroves, the sparse32, grassy33 epaulettes on the shoulders of the hills the fragrant34 forest, the dim jungle, the piled up rocks, the caves where the rare swiftlet hatches out her young in gloom and silence in nests of gluten and moss35 — all are mine to gloat over. Among such scenes do I commune with the genius of the Isle, and saturate36 myself with that restful yet exhilarating principle which only the individual who has mastered the art of living the unartificial life perceives. When strained of body and seared of mind, did not the Isle, lovely in lonesomeness, perfumed, sweet in health, irresistible37 in mood, console and soothe38 as naught else could? Shall I not, therefore, do homage39 to its profuse40 and gracious charms and exercise the rights and privileges of protector?
“When thus I hail the moment flying,
Ah! still delay, thou art so fair!”
Sea, coral reefs, forest, jungle afford never ending pleasure. Look, where the dolorous41 sphinx sheds gritty tears because of the boldness of the sun and the solvency42 of the disdainful sea. Look, where the jungle clothes the steep Pacific slope with its palms and overskirt of vines and creepers! Glossy43, formal bird’s-nest ferns and irregular mass of polypodium edged with fawn-coloured, infertile44 fronds45 fringe the sea-ward ending. Orchids46, old gold and violet, cling to the rocks with the white claws of the sea snatching at their toughened roots, and beyond the extreme verge47 of ferns and orchids on abrupt48 sea-scarred boulders49 are the stellate shadows of the whorled foliage50 of the umbrella tree, in varied pattern, precise and clean cut and in delightful51 commingling52 and confusion. Deep and definite the shadows, offspring of lordly light and steadfast53 leaves — not mere54 insubstantialities, but stars deep sculptured in the grey rock.
And when an intemperate55 sprite romps56 and rollicks, and all the features of prettiness and repose57 are distraught under the bluster58 and lateral60 blur61 of a cyclone62, still do I revel in the scene. Does a mother love her child the less when, contorted with passion, it storms and rages? She grieves that a little soul should be so greatly vexed63. Her affection is no jot64 depreciated65. So, when my trees are tempest-tossed, and the grey seas batter66 the sand-spit and bellow67 on the rocks, and neither bird nor butterfly dare venture from leafy sanctuary68, and the green flounces are tattered69 and stained by the scald of brine spray, do I avow70 my serenity71. How staunch the heart of the little island to withstand so sturdy a buffeting72!
In such a scene would it not have been wicked to have delivered ourselves over to any cranky, miserly economy or to any distortion or affectation of thrift73? Had fortune smiled, her gifts would have been sanely75 appreciated, for our ideas of comfort and the niceties of life are not cramped76, neither are they to be gauged77 by the narrow gape78 of our purse. Our castles are built in the air, not because earth has no fit place for their foundations, but for the sufficient reason that the wherewithal for the foundations was lacking. When a sufficiency of the world’s goods has been obtained to satisfy animal wants for food and clothing and shelter, happiness depends, not upon the pleasures but the pleasantnesses of life; not upon the possession of a house full of superfluities but in the attainment79 of restraining grace.
It might be possible for us to live for the present in just a shade “better style” than we do; but we have mean ambitions in other directions than style. Style is not for those who are placidly80 indifferent to display; and before whom on a comely81, scornful Isle shall we strut82 and parade? “You and I cannot be confined within the weak list of a country’s fashions,” for do we not proclaim and justify83 our own? Are we not leaders who have no subservient84, no flattering imitators, no sycophantic85 copyists? The etiquette86 of our Court finds easy expression, and we smile decorously on the infringements87 of casual comers.
Once a steamer anchored boldly in the bay — a pert steamer with a saucy88, off-duty air. Certain circumstances forewarned us of a “formal call.” So that the visit should not partake of an actual surprise a boat containing ladies and gentlemen was rowed ostentatiously across to land awkwardly at such a point as would herald89 the fact and afford a precious interim90 in which we were plainly invited to embellish91 ourselves — to assume a receptive style of countenance92 and clothes and company manners. Careless of dignity, the charitable prelude93 was lost upon us. Our self-conscious and considerate visitors dumbly expressed amazement94 at their informal reception and our unfestive attire95. Yet my garments were neat, sufficient, and defiantly96 unsoiled. Had I donned a full, white suit, with neat tie and Panama hat, and stood even barefooted on the beach, conspicuous98, revealed as a “gentleman” even from the decks of the defiant97 steamer, the boat-load would have come straight to the landing smiling, and chatting, to drop “their ceremonious manna in the way of starved people.” They would have been elated had I assumed robes of reverence99 — a uniform indicative of obligation — a worthy100 response to their patronage101. With compliments expressed in terms of functionary102 clothes they had hoped to soothe their vanity. White cotton and a tinted103 tie would have been smilingly honoured; and the mere man was not flattered to perceive that he was less in esteem104 than the drapery common to the species. I never will be content to be a supernumerary to my clothes.
Our visitors reflected not on their intrusion. My precious privacy was gratuitously105 violated, and in such circumstances that my holiday humour was put under restraint for the time being. Though I do profess106 love for human nature, for some phases I have but scant107 respect.
But our house was open. None of the observances of the rites108 of hospitality was lacking. Gleams of good humour dispersed109 the gloom on the faces of our guests. They had penetrated110 the thin disguise of clothes, and it was then that I silently wished in Portia’s words that “God might grant them a fair departure.”
Another class of visitor came on a misty111 morning in a fussy112 little launch. After preliminary greetings on the beach he remarked on my name, presuming that I belonged to a Scotch113 family.
“A good family, I do not question.”
“Oh, yes. A family of excellent and high repute.”
“Then, I cannot be any connection, for I am proud to confess that our family is distinguished114 — greatly distinguished — by a very bad name. It comes from Kent. I am a kinsman115 of a king — the King of the Beggars!”
“Ah! Quite a coincidence. I remarked to my friend as we came up to your Island: ‘If the exile is a descendant of the King of the Beggars, this is just the kind of life he would be likely to adopt.’”
“Exactly. I am indeed complimented. Blood — the blood of the vagabond — will tell!”
And my friendly visitor — a man whom the King had delighted to honour — with whimsical glances at my clothes, which tended to “sincerity rather then ceremony,” strolled along the beach.
If we were disposed to vaunt ourselves, have we not, in this simplicity116 and lack of style, the most persuasive117 of examples?
Indifferent to style, we do indulge in longings118 — longings pitifully weak — longings for the preservation119 of independence toilfully purchased during the poisonous years of the past. Beside all wishes for books and pictures and means for music and the thousands of small things which make for divine discontent, stands a spectre — not grim and abhorrent120 and forbidding, but unlovely and stern, indicating that the least excess of exotic pleasures would so strain our resources that independence would be threatened. If we were to buy anything beyond necessities, we might not be certain of gratifying wants, frugal121 as they are, without once more being compelled to fight with the beasts at some Australian Ephesus. Rather than clog122 our minds with the thought of such conflict and of fighting with flaccid muscles, dispirited and almost surely ingloriously, we choose to laugh and be glad of our liberty, to put summary checks upon arrogant123 desires for the possession of hosts of things which would materially add to comforts without infringing124 upon pleasures, and find in all serene125 satisfaction.
We have not yet pawned126 our future. No sort of tyranny, save that which is primal127, physical, and of the common lot, puts his dirty foot on our haughty128, sun-favoured necks.
“It is still the use of fortune
To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,
To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow
An age of poverty.”
May Heaven and our thrift avert129 the fate!
The nervous intensity130, the despotic self-sufficiency of this easy and indifferent existence may expose us to taunts131; but how sublimely132 ineffective the taunts which are never heard and which, if heard through echoing mischance, would provoke but serene smiles; for have we not avoided the aches of uniformity, the seriousness of prosperity, most of the trash of civilisation133, and the scorn of Fortune when she sniggers?
How magnificently slender, too, is our boasted independence! What superb economists134 are we! Astonishment135 follows upon an audit136 of our slipshod accounts at the amount spent unconsciously on small things which do not directly affect the actual cost of living. Taking the mean of several years’ expenditure137, the item “postage stamps” is a little larger than the cost of my own clothing and boots. The average annual cost of stamps has been ￡5 4s.; clothing and boots, ￡4 12s. Indeed, this latter item is inflated138, since, while I have stamps worth only a few shillings on hand, clothes are in stock sufficient (in main details) to last twelve months. The “youthful hose, well kept,” with other everlasting139 drapery brought from civilisation, is still wearable. The original clothing, such as conformity140 with the rules of the streets implies, remains141 serviceable, however obsolete142 in “style,” which is another word for fashion, “that pitiful, lackey-like creature which struts143 through one country in the cast-off finery of another.” For the privilege of citizenship144 in what, at present, is the freest country in the world my direct taxation145 amounts to ￡1 5s. per annum; and, since “luxuries” are not in demand, indirect contributions to State and Commonwealth146 are so trivial that they fail to excite the most sensitive of the emotions. All our household is in harmony with this quiet tune74, and yet we have not conquered our passion for thrift but merely disciplined it.
A young missionary147 who became a great bishop148, after some experience of “the wilds,” expressed the opinion that there were but six necessaries — shelter, fuel, water, fire, something to eat, and blankets. Our practical tests, extending over twelve years, would tend to the reduction of the list. For the best part of the year one item — blankets — is superfluous149. Water and fuel are so abundant that they count almost as cheaply as the air we breathe; but we do lust59 after a few clothes — a very few — which the good missionary did not catalogue. Our essentials would therefore be — shelter, something to eat, and a “little” to wear. Fire is included under “something to eat,” for it is absolutely unnecessary for warmth. We do still appreciate a warm meal. Our house contains no means for the production of heat, save the kitchen stove.
Fruit, vegetables, milk, eggs, poultry150, fish, and nearly all the meat consumed — emergency stocks of tinned goods are in reserve — are as cheap as water and fuel. Our unsullied appetites demand few condiments151. Why olives, when if need be — and the need has not yet manifested itself — as shrewd a relish152 and as cleansing153 a flavour is to be obtained from the pale yellow flowers of the male papaw, steeped in brine — a decoration and a zest154 combined? Our mango chutney etherealises our occasional salted goat-mutton — and we know that the chutney is what it professes155 to be.
What more wholesome156 and pleasant a dish than papaw beaten to mush, saturated157 with the juice of lime, sweetened with sugar, and made fantastic with spices? What more enticing158, than stewed159 mango — golden and syrupy — with junket white as marble; or fruit salad compact of pineapple, mango, papaw, granadilla, banana, with lime juice and powdered sugar?
We lack not for spring chicken or roast duck whenever there is the wish; for the best part of the year eggs are despicably common. Every low tide advertises oysters160 gratis161, and occasionally crabs162 and crayfish for the picking up. Delicate as well as wholesome and nutritious163 food is ours at so little cost that our debt to smiling Nature, if she kept records and tendered her accounts, would be somewhat embarrassing. And if Nature frowns with denial and there are but porridge and goat’s milk and eggs and home-made bread and jam, thank goodness she blesses such fare with unjaded appreciation164!
Since deprived of the society of blacks, our domestic expenditure has dwindled165 by nearly one-half. Indeed, it is almost as costly166 to feed and clothe three blacks as to provide essentials for three whites of frugal tastes. Here are a few items of annual domestic expenditure, proffered167 not in the spirit of gloating over our simplicity or of delighting in economy of luxuries, but to illustrate169 how few are the wants which Nature (with a little assistance) leaves unsatisfied. The figures are presented with the utmost diffidence, but with indifference170 alike to the censure171 of those who may scent15 obsequiousness172 to the stern philosophy of Thoreau in the matter of diet, or to the jeers173 of others who despise small things:
Flour ￡ 4 5 0
Groceries, lighting168, &c. 40 0 0
Sundries 12 0 0
Total ￡56 5 0
And the irreducible minimum has yet to be reached. For many years my exacting174 personal needs demanded the luxury of coffee. Pure and unadulterated, I quaffed175 it freely, and (being no politician) neither did it enhance my wisdom nor enable me to see through anything with half-shut eyes. Yet did it make me too glad. Under such vibrant176, emphatic177 fingers my frail178 nerves twanged all too shrilly179, and of necessity coffee was abandoned — not without passing pangs180 — in favour of a beverage181 direct from Nature and untinctured by any of the vital principles of vegetables. Thus is economy evolved, not as a foppish182 fad183 but as due obedience184 to the polite but imperious decrees of Nature.
And having confessed — far too literally185, I fear — to so much on the expenditure side of the simple life in tropical Queensland, it might be anticipated that the items of income would be stated to the completion of the story. The affairs of the busy world were discarded, not upon the strength of large accumulated savings186 or the possession of means by inheritance or by the success of investments or by mere luck, but upon merely imperative187, theoretic anticipations188 upon the cost of living the secluded189 life. We had little in reserve, how little it would be unbecoming to say. Our theories proved delusive190, though not bewildering. Some of the things abandoned with unphilosophic ease at the outset proved under the test of experience to be essential. Others deemed to be needful to desperation were forsaken191 unconsciously. Under the light of experience forecasts as to actual requirements were quite as vain as our preconceptions contrariwise. No single item which was not subjected to regulation. Without imposing192 any more impatient figures, be it said, then, that, though all preliminary estimates of ways and means underwent summary evolution, the financial end was close upon that on which we had calculated. Compulsion had all to do with the result. During each of the years of Island life our total income has never exceeded ￡100 and has generally fallen considerably193 below that amount. From the beginning we felt — and the foregoing lines have failed of their purpose if this acknowledgment has not been forestalled194
“To be thus is nothing,
But to be safely thus”;
and to draw again from the unplumbed depths of Shakespeare:
“What’s sweet to do, to do will aptly find.”
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garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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contemptible
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| adj.可鄙的，可轻视的，卑劣的 | |
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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squandered
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| v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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exasperating
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| adj. 激怒的 动词exasperate的现在分词形式 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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vagrant
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| n.流浪者，游民；adj.流浪的，漂泊不定的 | |
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epicure
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| n.行家，美食家 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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beholder
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| n.观看者，旁观者 | |
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naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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shrubs
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| 灌木( shrub的名词复数 ) | |
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scent
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| n.气味，香味，香水，线索，嗅觉；v.嗅，发觉 | |
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scents
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| n.香水( scent的名词复数 )；气味；（动物的）臭迹；（尤指狗的）嗅觉 | |
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unstable
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| adj.不稳定的，易变的 | |
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revel
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| vi.狂欢作乐，陶醉；n.作乐，狂欢 | |
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misgiving
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| n.疑虑，担忧，害怕 | |
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joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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tepid
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| adj.微温的，温热的，不太热心的 | |
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bland
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| adj.淡而无味的，温和的，无刺激性的 | |
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tranquil
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| adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的 | |
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coaxing
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| v.哄，用好话劝说( coax的现在分词 )；巧言骗取；哄劝，劝诱；“锻炼”效应 | |
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virile
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| adj.男性的；有男性生殖力的；有男子气概的；强有力的 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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tinkling
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| n.丁当作响声 | |
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stolid
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| adj.无动于衷的，感情麻木的 | |
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granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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sparse
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| adj.稀疏的，稀稀落落的，薄的 | |
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grassy
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| adj.盖满草的；长满草的 | |
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fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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saturate
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| vt.使湿透，浸透；使充满，使饱和 | |
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irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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soothe
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| v.安慰；使平静；使减轻；缓和；奉承 | |
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homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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profuse
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| adj.很多的，大量的，极其丰富的 | |
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dolorous
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| adj.悲伤的；忧愁的 | |
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solvency
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| n.偿付能力，溶解力 | |
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glossy
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| adj.平滑的；有光泽的 | |
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infertile
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| adj.不孕的；不肥沃的，贫瘠的 | |
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fronds
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| n.蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子( frond的名词复数 ) | |
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orchids
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| n.兰花( orchid的名词复数 ) | |
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verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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boulders
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| n.卵石( boulder的名词复数 )；巨砾；（受水或天气侵蚀而成的）巨石；漂砾 | |
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foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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commingling
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| v.混合，掺和，合并( commingle的现在分词 ) | |
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steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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intemperate
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| adj.无节制的，放纵的 | |
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romps
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| n.无忧无虑，快活( romp的名词复数 )v.嬉笑玩闹( romp的第三人称单数 )；（尤指在赛跑或竞选等中）轻易获胜 | |
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repose
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| v.(使)休息；n.安息 | |
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bluster
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| v.猛刮；怒冲冲的说；n.吓唬，怒号；狂风声 | |
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59
lust
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| n.性(淫)欲；渴(欲)望；vi.对…有强烈的欲望 | |
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60
lateral
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| adj.侧面的，旁边的 | |
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61
blur
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| n.模糊不清的事物；vt.使模糊，使看不清楚 | |
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62
cyclone
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| n.旋风，龙卷风 | |
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63
vexed
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| adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论 | |
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64
jot
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| n.少量；vi.草草记下；vt.匆匆写下 | |
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65
depreciated
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| v.贬值，跌价，减价( depreciate的过去式和过去分词 )；贬低，蔑视，轻视 | |
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66
batter
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| v.接连重击；磨损；n.牛奶面糊；击球员 | |
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67
bellow
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| v.吼叫，怒吼；大声发出，大声喝道 | |
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68
sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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69
tattered
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| adj.破旧的，衣衫破的 | |
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70
avow
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| v.承认，公开宣称 | |
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71
serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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72
buffeting
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| 振动 | |
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73
thrift
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| adj.节约，节俭；n.节俭，节约 | |
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74
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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75
sanely
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| ad.神志清楚地 | |
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76
cramped
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| a.狭窄的 | |
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77
gauged
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| adj.校准的；标准的；量规的；量计的v.（用仪器）测量( gauge的过去式和过去分词 )；估计；计量；划分 | |
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78
gape
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| v.张口，打呵欠，目瞪口呆地凝视 | |
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79
attainment
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| n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣 | |
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80
placidly
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| adv.平稳地，平静地 | |
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81
comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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82
strut
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| v.肿胀，鼓起；大摇大摆地走；炫耀；支撑；撑开；n.高视阔步；支柱，撑杆 | |
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83
justify
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| vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护 | |
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84
subservient
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| adj.卑屈的，阿谀的 | |
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85
sycophantic
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| adj.阿谀奉承的 | |
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86
etiquette
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| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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87
infringements
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| n.违反( infringement的名词复数 )；侵犯，伤害 | |
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88
saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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89
herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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90
interim
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| adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间 | |
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91
embellish
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| v.装饰，布置；给…添加细节，润饰 | |
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92
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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93
prelude
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| n.序言，前兆，序曲 | |
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94
amazement
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| n.惊奇，惊讶 | |
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95
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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96
defiantly
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| adv.挑战地，大胆对抗地 | |
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97
defiant
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| adj.无礼的，挑战的 | |
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98
conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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99
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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100
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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101
patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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102
functionary
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| n.官员；公职人员 | |
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103
tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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104
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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105
gratuitously
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| 平白 | |
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106
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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107
scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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108
rites
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| 仪式，典礼( rite的名词复数 ) | |
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109
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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110
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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111
misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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112
fussy
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| adj.为琐事担忧的，过分装饰的，爱挑剔的 | |
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113
scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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114
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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115
kinsman
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| n.男亲属 | |
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116
simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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117
persuasive
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| adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的 | |
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118
longings
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| 渴望，盼望( longing的名词复数 ) | |
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119
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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120
abhorrent
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| adj.可恶的，可恨的，讨厌的 | |
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121
frugal
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| adj.节俭的，节约的，少量的，微量的 | |
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122
clog
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| vt.塞满，阻塞；n.[常pl.]木屐 | |
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123
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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124
infringing
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| v.违反（规章等）( infringe的现在分词 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等） | |
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125
serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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126
pawned
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| v.典当，抵押( pawn的过去式和过去分词 )；以（某事物）担保 | |
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127
primal
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| adj.原始的；最重要的 | |
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128
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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129
avert
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| v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等) | |
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130
intensity
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| n.强烈，剧烈；强度；烈度 | |
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131
taunts
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| 嘲弄的言语，嘲笑，奚落( taunt的名词复数 ) | |
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132
sublimely
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| 高尚地，卓越地 | |
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133
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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134
economists
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| n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 ) | |
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135
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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136
audit
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| v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听 | |
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137
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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138
inflated
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| adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨 | |
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139
everlasting
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| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
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140
conformity
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| n.一致，遵从，顺从 | |
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141
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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142
obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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143
struts
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| （框架的）支杆( strut的名词复数 )； 支柱； 趾高气扬的步态； （尤指跳舞或表演时）卖弄 | |
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144
citizenship
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| n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份) | |
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145
taxation
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| n.征税，税收，税金 | |
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146
commonwealth
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| n.共和国，联邦，共同体 | |
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147
missionary
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| adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士 | |
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148
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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149
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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150
poultry
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| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
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151
condiments
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| n.调味品 | |
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152
relish
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| n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味 | |
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153
cleansing
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| n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词 | |
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154
zest
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| n.乐趣；滋味，风味；兴趣 | |
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155
professes
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| 声称( profess的第三人称单数 )； 宣称； 公开表明； 信奉 | |
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156
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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157
saturated
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| a.饱和的，充满的 | |
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158
enticing
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| adj.迷人的；诱人的 | |
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159
stewed
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| adj.焦虑不安的，烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 )；煨；思考；担忧 | |
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160
oysters
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| 牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 ) | |
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161
gratis
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| adj.免费的 | |
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162
crabs
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| n.蟹( crab的名词复数 )；阴虱寄生病；蟹肉v.捕蟹( crab的第三人称单数 ) | |
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163
nutritious
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| adj.有营养的，营养价值高的 | |
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164
appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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165
dwindled
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| v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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166
costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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167
proffered
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| v.提供，贡献，提出( proffer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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168
lighting
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| n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光 | |
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169
illustrate
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| v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图 | |
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170
indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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171
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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172
obsequiousness
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| 媚骨 | |
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173
jeers
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| n.操纵帆桁下部（使其上下的）索具；嘲讽( jeer的名词复数 )v.嘲笑( jeer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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174
exacting
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| adj.苛求的，要求严格的 | |
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175
quaffed
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| v.痛饮( quaff的过去式和过去分词 )；畅饮；大口大口将…喝干；一饮而尽 | |
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176
vibrant
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| adj.震颤的，响亮的，充满活力的，精力充沛的，(色彩)鲜明的 | |
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177
emphatic
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| adj.强调的，着重的；无可置疑的，明显的 | |
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178
frail
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| adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的 | |
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179
shrilly
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| 尖声的； 光亮的，耀眼的 | |
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180
pangs
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| 突然的剧痛( pang的名词复数 )； 悲痛 | |
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181
beverage
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| n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料 | |
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182
foppish
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| adj.矫饰的，浮华的 | |
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183
fad
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| n.时尚；一时流行的狂热；一时的爱好 | |
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184
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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185
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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186
savings
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| n.存款，储蓄 | |
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187
imperative
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| n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的 | |
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188
anticipations
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| 预期( anticipation的名词复数 )； 预测； （信托财产收益的）预支； 预期的事物 | |
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189
secluded
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| adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词) | |
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190
delusive
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| adj.欺骗的，妄想的 | |
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191
Forsaken
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| adj. 被遗忘的, 被抛弃的 动词forsake的过去分词 | |
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192
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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193
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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194
forestalled
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| v.先发制人，预先阻止( forestall的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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