“The north-east spends his rage; he now shut up
Within his iron cave, the effusive1 south
Warms the wide air and o’er the vault2 of heaven
Breathes the big clouds with vernal showers distent.”
THOMSON.
Just as in the spring a young man’s fancies lightly turn to thoughts of love, so at the beginning of each new year in tropical Queensland the minds of the weather sages3 become sensitive and impressionable. All the tarnish5 is rubbed off the recollection of former ill manners on the part of the weather, when about the middle of January the wind begins to bluster6 and to abuse good-natured trees, shaking off twigs7 and whirling branches like a tipsy bully8 striving to dislocate a weak man’s arm at the shoulder. We remember dubious9 events all too vividly10 when the recitation of them does not make for mutual11 consolation12.
In January, 1909, for two days the sea burst on the black rocks of the islet in the bay in clouds of foam13. It was all bombast14, froth and bubble, or rather a gentle back-hander, for the cyclone15 was playing all sorts of naughty pranks17 elsewhere. But why were we apprehensive18? In disobedience to the scriptural injunction, we had observed the clouds and the birds. Twice a flock of lesser19 frigate-birds, those dark, fish-tailed high-fliers which are for ever cutting animated20 “W’s” in the air with long lithe21 wings — had appeared. Seldom do they come unless as harbingers of boisterous22 weather. On each recent occasion they had been absolutely trustworthy messengers. Watching them soaring and swooping23, we said one to another: “Behold the cyclone cometh!” But it did not. With a passing flick24 of its tail it passed elsewhere.
Altogether, however, we had very queer weather and two or three “rum” sorts of nights. On the 19th the morning was calm, the sky brilliantly clear. A north-east breeze sprang up at noon. Deep violet thunder-clouds gathered in the west, and, muttering and grumbling25, rolled across the narrow strait slowly and sullenly26. Australia scowled27 at our penitent28 Island, threatening direful inflictions — lightning, thunder, and an overwhelming cataclysm29. Behind that frowning Providence30 there was a smiling face. The good storm, albeit31 black and angry, behaved benignly32. Gentle rain came, and a picturesque33 little electrical display to a humming accompaniment of far distant thunder, followed by a soothingly34 cool south-westerly breeze. Just at sundown the weather-god, repenting35 of his frown, bestowed36 a glorious benediction37.
All afternoon a damp pall38 had overhung the Island, mopping up feeble sounds and strangely muffling39 the stronger. Now it was translated. Lifting so that the summits only of the hills were capped, the haze40 (for it became nothing more) assumed a luminous41 yellow saffron suffused42 with sage4 green. Against this singularly lovely, ample “cloth” branches and leaves of steadfast43 trees stood out in high relief. All the lower levels became transparently44 clear, the definition of distant objects magically sharpened, spaces translucent45. In a sea which shone like polished silver the islet was a gem46 — green enamel47, amethyst48 rocks, golden sand. The bold white trunks of giant tea-trees glowed; the creamy blooms of bloodwoods were as flecks49 of snow; the tips of the fronds50 of coco-nut palms flickered51 vividly as burnished52 steel; the white-painted house assumed speckless53 purity. All light colours were heightened; ruddy browns and sombre greens seemed to have been smartened up by touches of fresh paint and varnish54. An idealistic artist had revealed for once living tints55 and uncomprehended hues56.
Was it not a landscape fresh from Nature’s brush divinely transmogrified by one bold smudge of yellow-green haze? Or was the effect partly due to the dust raised by the golden fringe of the blue mantle57 which the sun trailed over the glowing hills? I know naught16 of the chemistry of colours, nor why this yellow-green medium should so clarify and etherealise the atmosphere. But was ever clear sunset half so affecting? This tinted58, luminous cloud had bewitched the commonplace, converting familiar surroundings into fairyland itself. If all the world’s a stage, this truly was one of the rarest transformation59 scenes.
What was about to happen? Surely this mysterious colouring portended60 some astounding61 phenomena62? Again, nothing did happen, save a stilly night and grey.
VEGETATION AND MOISTURE
It seems fitting and quite safe to point a moral, by allusion63 to certain conditions prevalent during 1907. Between January 1st and June 30th 80.80 inches of rain were registered. July, August, September, and October provided only 1.74 inches, which quantity bespeaks64 quite a phenomenal draught65. The catchment area of the creek66 which discharges into Brammo Bay is less than forty acres, and for the most part consists of exceedingly steep declivities. The head of the creek is seven hundred feet above sea level, and its total length less than three-quarters of a mile. Yet, notwithstanding the circumscribed67 extent of the catchment, the steep, in places almost precipitous, descents, and that for months the rain was insufficient68 to cause a surface flow, the creek which had cut a gully or canyon69 forty feet deep across the plateau, never ceased running, the turbulence70 of the wet season having merely subsided71 into a tinkling72 trickle73. During the dry period the atmosphere was the reverse of humid; but the almost impenetrable shield of vegetation — the beauty and glory of the Island — discounted loss by evaporation74. One can well imagine that in the absence of this gracious protection the creek would cease to flow a week or so after the cessation of rain.
The marked but consistent decrease of water in the creek by day and its rise during the night having excited interest, a series of measurements was taken, the result being somewhat astonishing. One day’s readings will suffice, for scarcely any variation from them was recorded for weeks, concurrent75 meteorological conditions undergoing no sudden or decided76 change while the experiment was in progress:
Sunday, November 10, 1907.
Inches.
6.30 a.m. 10 1/4
9 “ 10
Noon (high tide) 6 5/8
3 p.m. 3
5.30 p.m. 1 1/2
6.10 “ (sundown) 1 1/2
7.10 “ 3 7/8
9 “ 10 1/8
At 7 a.m. on the 11th and 12th the water stood at 10 1/4 inches and I assume that to have been the constant level throughout the night.
The conclusion I draw (rightly or wrongly) from the fact emphasised by these figures is that the mass of vegetation exercises a direct and immediate77 effect upon the flow of water by gravitation from the catchment. A continual and increasing demand for refreshment78 existing during the day, the root spongioles are in active operation intercepting79 the moisture in its descent and absorbing it, while with the lessening80 of the temperature on the going down of the sun reaction begins, the stomata of the leaves exercise their functions, and by the absorption of gas react on the root films, which for the time relax their duty of arresting the passage of minute particles of water, with a very definite result on the nocturnal flow.
THE ODOUR OF THE DEATH ADDER81
February 2, 1909.
Whenever I take my walks abroad I have the companionship of a couple of Irish terriers, enthusiastic hunters of all sorts of “vermin,” from the jeering82 scrub fowl83, which they never catch, to the slothful, spiny84 ant-eater, which they are counselled not to molest85. Lizards86 and occasionally snakes are disposed of without ceremony, though in the case of the snakes the tactics of the dogs are quite discreet88. Several years ago the dogs (not those which now faithfully attend my walks, for more than one generation has passed away) attracted attention by yapping enthusiastically. I flatter myself that I understand the language of my own dogs sufficiently89 to enable me to judge when they have detected something demanding my co-operation in the killing90. When assistance is needed, there are notes of urgent appeal in their exclamations91. As a rule my opinion is not asked in respect of lizards, or rats, or the like; but snakes are invariably held up until an armed force arrives.
On the occasion referred to I found them in a frenzy92 of excitement, feinting and snapping at something sheltering at the base of a tussock of grass. Peering closely, I saw, half concealed93 beneath grass, sand, and leaves, what I took to be a death adder, which I summarily shot. Then it became apparent that the dogs had blundered, for the reptile94 was a lizard87. The mistake in identity, was, however, excusable, for in size, shape, colouring, and marking it so closely resembled an adder that I was not readily convinced to the contrary. Placing the two pieces into which the shot had divided the creature in juxtaposition95, I sympathised with the dogs more strongly, feeling certain that no one would have hesitated to give the harmless lizard a very bad character. Before firing the fatal shot the distention of the body had confirmed my opinion as to identity, and the method of partial concealment96 and of lying inert97 were significant of the dangerous little snake. I had no doubt at the time, too, that it emitted a deceptive98 odour, which, being similar to that of the adder, had been chiefly instrumental in exciting extraordinary suspicion on the part of the terriers.
Dogs of another generation were concerned in a repetition of this experience in its significant details more recently. Having crossed a creek ahead, frantic99 appeals were made, but before I could reach the spot the excitement got beyond bounds, and I saw one of them snap up something, shake it viciously, and toss it away with every manifestation100 of repugnance101 and caution. Again I presumed the squirming reptile to be an adder, for the dogs, with bristling102 backs and uplifted lips, walked round it gingerly, sniffing103 and starting as if it were most fearsome and detestable. The bulk of the reptile gradually subsided, confirming the opinion that the dog had actually killed an adder, a feat104 I had never known it perform. Investigation105 again proved that an innocent lizard parading as an offensive snake had lost its life. Does not this evidence suggest that the lizard assumes the similitude and the odour of the adder, its tactics of concealment, and its characteristic habit of puffing106 itself out in order to warn off its foes107? The spontaneous, unsuborned, and independent evidence of two sets of dogs cannot be wholly disregarded.
Testimony108 confirmatory of the contention109 that adders110 do diffuse111 a specific odour, too subtle for man’s perception though readily detectable112 by the sensitive faculties113 of lower animals, and that such odour affrights and therefore protects them from the reptiles114, is contained in Captain Parker Gillmore’s work, “The Great Thirst Land.” Having killed a small specimen115 of the horned adder — the “poor venomous fowl” with which Cleopatra ended her gaudy116 days — and having handled it to examine the poison glands117 and returned to his pony118, he writes: “As soon as I advanced my hand to his head-stall to reverse the reins119 over his head, he shied back as if in great alarm, and it required some minutes before he would permit me to closely approach. The reason of this conduct in so staid and proper-minded an animal is obvious. In handling the adder some of the smell attached to its body must have adhered to my hands.”
When four dogs and one horse, all apparently120 honourable121 and well brought up, agree on such a point, to theorise to the contrary would be ungracious.
NEPTUNE122’S HANDICRAFT
February 16, 1909.
An easterly breeze coincident with a flowing tide occasionally (though not invariably) creates a gentle swirl123 in Brammo Bay, a swirl so placid124 as to be imperceptible in default of such indices as driftwood. Under such a condition Neptune makes playthings which possibly in some future age may puzzle men who happen to ponder seriously on first causes. I recall an afternoon when such playthings were being manufactured abundantly. Globular, oval, and sausage-shaped dollops of dark-grey mud were twirling and rolling on the fringe of listless wavelets. The uniformity of the several models and their apparent solidity excited curiosity. Upon investigation all the large examples were more or less coated with sand. Some were so completely and smoothly125 enveloped126 that they appeared to be actual balls of sand and shell grit127. The mass, however, was found to be mud mixed with fine sand, with generally a shell or portion thereof, or a fragment of coral as a kernel128 or core. In fact, each of the dollops was a fair sample of the material of the ocean floor extending from the inner edge of the coral to the beach.
With so many samples in view one could observe the whole process of formation. The crescentic sweep of the wavelets rolled fragments of shell or coral in the mud, successive revolutions adding to the respective bulks by accretion129. As the tide rose each piece was trundled on to the sloping beach, to be rolled and compressed until coated with a mosaic130 of white shell chips, angularities of silica and micaceous131 spangles, the finished article being cast aside as the tide receded132.
Sometimes the wavelets did the kneading and rolling so clumsily that the nodule was malformed, but the majority were singularly symmetrical, evidencing nice adjustment between the degree of adhesiveness133 of the “pug” and the applied134 force of the wave. Several weighed nearly a quarter of a pound, while the majority were not much bigger than marbles, and the oval was the most frequent form.
Is it reasonable to conjecture135 that some of these singular formations which Neptune turned out by the score during an idle afternoon may be preserved — kernels136 of sedimentary rock each in a case of sandstone — throughout the wreck137 of matter to form the texts of scientific homilies in ages to come?
THE ATROCITY138 OF THE SNAKE
September 28, 1909.
A red snake discovered in a coop with a hen and clutch of chicks. The coop had been deemed snake-proof, but the slim snake had easily passed in at the half-inch mesh139 wire-netting in front. Upon investigation it was found that the snake had swallowed one chick (and had thereby140 become a prisoner), had killed three others and maimed a fifth so that it died, and that the hen had killed the snake by pecking its head. The snake (a non-venomous species) was about a yard long and had killed the chicks by constriction141. If snakes are in the habit of killing more than they can eat of the broods of wild birds, how enormous the toll142 they take!
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1
effusive
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| adj.热情洋溢的；感情(过多)流露的 | |
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vault
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| n.拱形圆顶，地窖，地下室 | |
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sages
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| n.圣人( sage的名词复数 )；智者；哲人；鼠尾草（可用作调料） | |
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sage
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| n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的 | |
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tarnish
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| n.晦暗，污点；vt.使失去光泽；玷污 | |
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bluster
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| v.猛刮；怒冲冲的说；n.吓唬，怒号；狂风声 | |
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twigs
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| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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bully
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| n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮 | |
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dubious
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| adj.怀疑的，无把握的；有问题的，靠不住的 | |
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vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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11
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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12
consolation
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| n.安慰，慰问 | |
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13
foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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14
bombast
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| n.高调，夸大之辞 | |
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cyclone
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| n.旋风，龙卷风 | |
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16
naught
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| n.无，零 [=nought] | |
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17
pranks
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| n.玩笑，恶作剧( prank的名词复数 ) | |
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18
apprehensive
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| adj.担心的，恐惧的，善于领会的 | |
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19
lesser
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| adj.次要的，较小的；adv.较小地，较少地 | |
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animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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21
lithe
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| adj.(指人、身体)柔软的，易弯的 | |
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22
boisterous
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| adj.喧闹的，欢闹的 | |
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swooping
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| 俯冲，猛冲( swoop的现在分词 ) | |
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24
flick
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| n.快速的轻打，轻打声，弹开；v.轻弹，轻轻拂去，忽然摇动 | |
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25
grumbling
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| adj. 喃喃鸣不平的, 出怨言的 | |
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26
sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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27
scowled
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| 怒视，生气地皱眉( scowl的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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28
penitent
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| adj.后悔的；n.后悔者；忏悔者 | |
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29
cataclysm
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| n.洪水，剧变，大灾难 | |
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30
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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31
albeit
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| conj.即使；纵使；虽然 | |
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32
benignly
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| adv.仁慈地，亲切地 | |
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33
picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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soothingly
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| adv.抚慰地，安慰地；镇痛地 | |
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repenting
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| 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔( repent的现在分词 ) | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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benediction
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| n.祝福；恩赐 | |
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pall
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| v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕 | |
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muffling
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| v.压抑，捂住( muffle的现在分词 )；用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己） | |
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haze
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| n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊 | |
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luminous
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| adj.发光的，发亮的；光明的；明白易懂的；有启发的 | |
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suffused
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| v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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steadfast
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| adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的 | |
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transparently
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| 明亮地，显然地，易觉察地 | |
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translucent
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| adj.半透明的；透明的 | |
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gem
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| n.宝石，珠宝；受爱戴的人 [同]jewel | |
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enamel
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| n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质 | |
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amethyst
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| n.紫水晶 | |
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flecks
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| n.斑点，小点( fleck的名词复数 )；癍 | |
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fronds
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| n.蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子( frond的名词复数 ) | |
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flickered
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| （通常指灯光）闪烁，摇曳( flicker的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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burnished
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| adj.抛光的，光亮的v.擦亮（金属等），磨光( burnish的过去式和过去分词 )；被擦亮，磨光 | |
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speckless
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| adj.无斑点的，无瑕疵的 | |
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varnish
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| n.清漆；v.上清漆；粉饰 | |
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55
tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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mantle
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| n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红 | |
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tinted
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| adj. 带色彩的 动词tint的过去式和过去分词 | |
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transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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portended
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| v.预示( portend的过去式和过去分词 )；预兆；给…以警告；预告 | |
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astounding
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| adj.使人震惊的vt.使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词) | |
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phenomena
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| n.现象 | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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64
bespeaks
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| v.预定( bespeak的第三人称单数 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求 | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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circumscribed
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| adj.[医]局限的：受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；划定…范围；限制；限定 | |
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insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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canyon
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| n.峡谷，溪谷 | |
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turbulence
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| n.喧嚣，狂暴，骚乱，湍流 | |
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subsided
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| v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上 | |
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tinkling
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| n.丁当作响声 | |
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trickle
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| vi.淌，滴，流出，慢慢移动，逐渐消散 | |
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74
evaporation
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| n.蒸发，消失 | |
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75
concurrent
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| adj.同时发生的，一致的 | |
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76
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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79
intercepting
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| 截取（技术），截接 | |
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80
lessening
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| 减轻，减少，变小 | |
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81
adder
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| n.蝰蛇；小毒蛇 | |
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82
jeering
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| adj.嘲弄的，揶揄的v.嘲笑( jeer的现在分词 ) | |
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83
fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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84
spiny
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| adj.多刺的，刺状的；n.多刺的东西 | |
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85
molest
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| vt.骚扰，干扰，调戏 | |
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86
lizards
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| n.蜥蜴( lizard的名词复数 ) | |
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87
lizard
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| n.蜥蜴，壁虎 | |
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88
discreet
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| adj.(言行)谨慎的；慎重的；有判断力的 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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90
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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exclamations
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| n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词 | |
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92
frenzy
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| n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动 | |
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93
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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94
reptile
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| n.爬行动物；两栖动物 | |
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95
juxtaposition
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| n.毗邻，并置，并列 | |
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concealment
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| n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒 | |
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inert
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| adj.无活动能力的，惰性的；迟钝的 | |
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deceptive
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| adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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100
manifestation
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| n.表现形式；表明；现象 | |
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101
repugnance
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| n.嫌恶 | |
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102
bristling
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| a.竖立的 | |
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103
sniffing
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| n.探查法v.以鼻吸气，嗅，闻( sniff的现在分词 )；抽鼻子（尤指哭泣、患感冒等时出声地用鼻子吸气）；抱怨，不以为然地说 | |
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104
feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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106
puffing
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| v.使喷出( puff的现在分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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107
foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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108
testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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109
contention
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| n.争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张 | |
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110
adders
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| n.加法器，（欧洲产）蝰蛇（小毒蛇），（北美产无毒的）猪鼻蛇( adder的名词复数 ) | |
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111
diffuse
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| v.扩散；传播；adj.冗长的；四散的，弥漫的 | |
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detectable
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| adj.可发觉的；可查明的 | |
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113
faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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114
reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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115
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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116
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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117
glands
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| n.腺( gland的名词复数 ) | |
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118
pony
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| adj.小型的；n.小马 | |
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119
reins
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| 感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带 | |
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120
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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121
honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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122
Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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123
swirl
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| v.(使)打漩，(使)涡卷；n.漩涡，螺旋形 | |
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124
placid
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| adj.安静的，平和的 | |
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125
smoothly
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| adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地 | |
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126
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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127
grit
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| n.沙粒，决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关 | |
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128
kernel
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| n.(果实的)核，仁；(问题)的中心，核心 | |
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129
accretion
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| n.自然的增长，增加物 | |
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130
mosaic
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| n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的 | |
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131
micaceous
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| adj.云母的，含云母的，云母状的 | |
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132
receded
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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133
adhesiveness
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| 粘[附着，胶粘]性，粘附[胶粘]度 | |
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134
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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135
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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136
kernels
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| 谷粒( kernel的名词复数 )； 仁； 核； 要点 | |
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137
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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138
atrocity
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| n.残暴，暴行 | |
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139
mesh
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| n.网孔，网丝，陷阱；vt.以网捕捉，啮合，匹配；vi.适合； [计算机]网络 | |
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140
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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141
constriction
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| 压缩； 紧压的感觉； 束紧； 压缩物 | |
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142
toll
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| n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟) | |
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