We propose to tell the stories relating to them which have come down to us from the ancients, and which are alluded1 to by modern poets, essayists, and orators2. Our readers may thus at the same time be entertained by the most charming fictions which fancy has ever created, and put in possession of information indispensable to every one who would read with intelligence the elegant literature of his own day.
In order to understand these stories, it will be necessary to acquaint ourselves with the ideas of the structure of the universe which prevailed among the Greeks—the people from whom the Romans, and other nations through them, received their science and religion.
The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular, their own country occupying the middle of it, the central point being either Mount Olympus, the abode3 of the gods, or Delphi, so famous for its oracle4.
The circular disk of the earth was crossed from west to east and divided into two equal parts by the Sea, as they called the Mediterranean5, and its continuation the Euxine, the only seas with which they were acquainted.
Around the earth flowed the River Ocean, its course being from south to north on the western side of the earth, and in a contrary direction on the eastern side. It flowed in a steady, equable current, unvexed by storm or tempest. The sea, and all the rivers on earth, received their waters from it.
The northern portion of the earth was supposed to be inhabited by a happy race named the Hyperboreans, dwelling6 in everlasting7 bliss8 and spring beyond the lofty mountains whose caverns9 were supposed to send forth10 the piercing blasts of the north wind, which chilled the people of Hellas (Greece). Their country was inaccessible11 by land or sea. They lived exempt12 from disease or old age, from toils13 and warfare14. Moore has given us the “Song of a Hyperborean,” beginning
“I come from a land in the sun-bright deep,
Where golden gardens glow,
Where the winds of the north, becalmed in sleep,
Their conch shells never blow.”
On the south side of the earth, close to the stream of Ocean, dwelt a people happy and virtuous15 as the Hyperboreans. They were named the ?thiopians. The gods favored them so highly that they were wont16 to leave at times their Olympian abodes17 and go to share their sacrifices and banquets.
On the western margin18 of the earth, by the stream of Ocean, lay a happy place named the Elysian Plain, whither mortals favored by the gods were transported without tasting of death, to enjoy an immortality19 of bliss. This happy region was also called the “Fortunate Fields,” and the “Isles of the Blessed.”
We thus see that the Greeks of the early ages knew little of any real people except those to the east and south of their own country, or near the coast of the Mediterranean. Their imagination meantime peopled the western portion of this sea with giants, monsters, and enchantresses; while they placed around the disk of the earth, which they probably regarded as of no great width, nations enjoying the peculiar21 favor of the gods, and blessed with happiness and longevity22.
The Dawn, the Sun, and the Moon were supposed to rise out of the Ocean, on the eastern side, and to drive through the air, giving light to gods and men. The stars, also, except those forming the Wain or Bear, and others near them, rose out of and sank into the stream of Ocean. There the sun-god embarked23 in a winged boat, which conveyed him round by the northern part of the earth, back to his place of rising in the east. Milton alludes24 to this in his “Comus”:
“Now the gilded25 car of day
His golden axle doth allay26
In the steep Atlantic stream,
And the slope Sun his upward beam
Shoots against the dusky pole,
Pacing towards the other goal
Of his chamber27 in the east.”
The abode of the gods was on the summit of Mount Olympus, in Thessaly. A gate of clouds, kept by the goddesses named the Seasons, opened to permit the passage of the Celestials29 to earth, and to receive them on their return. The gods had their separate dwellings30; but all, when summoned, repaired to the palace of Jupiter, as did also those deities31 whose usual abode was the earth, the waters, or the underworld. It was also in the great hall of the palace of the Olympian king that the gods feasted each day on ambrosia32 and nectar, their food and drink, the latter being handed round by the lovely goddess Hebe. Here they conversed33 of the affairs of heaven and earth; and as they quaffed34 their nectar, Apollo, the god of music, delighted them with the tones of his lyre, to which the Muses35 sang in responsive strains. When the sun was set, the gods retired37 to sleep in their respective dwellings.
The following lines from the “Odyssey” will show how Homer conceived of Olympus:
“So saying, Minerva, goddess azure-eyed,
Rose to Olympus, the reputed seat
Eternal of the gods, which never storms
Disturb, rains drench38, or snow invades, but calm
The expanse and cloudless shines with purest day.
There the inhabitants divine rejoice
Forever.”
Cowper.
The robes and other parts of the dress of the goddesses were woven by Minerva and the Graces and everything of a more solid nature was formed of the various metals. Vulcan was architect, smith, armorer, chariot builder, and artist of all work in Olympus. He built of brass39 the houses of the gods; he made for them the golden shoes with which they trod the air or the water, and moved from place to place with the speed of the wind, or even of thought. He also shod with brass the celestial28 steeds, which whirled the chariots of the gods through the air, or along the surface of the sea. He was able to bestow40 on his workmanship self-motion, so that the tripods (chairs and tables) could move of themselves in and out of the celestial hall. He even endowed with intelligence the golden handmaidens whom he made to wait on himself.
Jupiter, or Jove (Zeus[2]), though called the father of gods and men, had himself a beginning. Saturn41 (Cronos) was his father, and Rhea (Ops) his mother. Saturn and Rhea were of the race of Titans, who were the children of Earth and Heaven, which sprang from Chaos42, of which we shall give a further account in our next chapter.
There is another cosmogony, or account of the creation, according to which Earth, Erebus, and Love were the first of beings. Love (Eros) issued from the egg of Night, which floated on Chaos. By his arrows and torch he pierced and vivified all things, producing life and joy.
Saturn and Rhea were not the only Titans. There were others, whose names were Oceanus, Hyperion, Iapetus, and Ophion, males; and Themis, Mnemosyne, Eurynome, females. They are spoken of as the elder gods, whose dominion43 was afterwards transferred to others. Saturn yielded to Jupiter, Oceanus to Neptune44, Hyperion to Apollo. Hyperion was the father of the Sun, Moon, and Dawn. He is therefore the original sun-god, and is painted with the splendor45 and beauty which were afterwards bestowed46 on Apollo.
“Hyperion’s curls, the front of Jove himself.”
Shakspeare.
Ophion and Eurynome ruled over Olympus till they were dethroned by Saturn and Rhea. Milton alludes to them in “Paradise Lost.” He says the heathens seem to have had some knowledge of the temptation and fall of man.
“And fabled48 how the serpent, whom they called
Ophion, with Eurynome, (the wide-Encroaching
Eve perhaps,) had first the rule
Of high Olympus, thence by Saturn driven.”
The representations given of Saturn are not very consistent; for on the one hand his reign49 is said to have been the golden age of innocence50 and purity, and on the other he is described as a monster who devoured51 his children.[3] Jupiter, however, escaped this fate, and when grown up espoused52 Metis (Prudence), who administered a draught53 to Saturn which caused him to disgorge his children. Jupiter, with his brothers and sisters, now rebelled against their father Saturn and his brothers the Titans; vanquished54 them, and imprisoned55 some of them in Tartarus, inflicting56 other penalties on others. Atlas57 was condemned58 to bear up the heavens on his shoulders.
On the dethronement of Saturn, Jupiter with his brothers Neptune (Poseidon) and Pluto59 (Dis) divided his dominions60. Jupiter’s portion was the heavens, Neptune’s the ocean, and Pluto’s the realms of the dead. Earth and Olympus were common property. Jupiter was king of gods and men. The thunder was his weapon, and he bore a shield called ?gis, made for him by Vulcan. The eagle was his favorite bird, and bore his thunderbolts.
Juno (Hera) was the wife of Jupiter, and queen of the gods. Iris61, the goddess of the rainbow, was her attendant and messenger. The peacock was her favorite bird.
Vulcan (Heph?stos), the celestial artist, was the son of Jupiter and Juno. He was born lame62, and his mother was so displeased63 at the sight of him that she flung him out of heaven. Other accounts say that Jupiter kicked him out for taking part with his mother in a quarrel which occurred between them. Vulcan’s lameness64, according to this account, was the consequence of his fall. He was a whole day falling, and at last alighted in the island of Lemnos, which was thenceforth sacred to him. Milton alludes to this story in “Paradise Lost,” Book I.:
“. . . From morn
To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve,
A summer’s day; and with the setting sun
Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star,
On Lemnos, the ?gean isle20.”
Mars (Ares), the god of war, was the son of Jupiter and Juno.
Ph?bus Apollo, the god of archery, prophecy, and music, was the son of Jupiter and Latona, and brother of Diana (Artemis). He was god of the sun, as Diana, his sister, was the goddess of the moon.
Venus (Aphrodite), the goddess of love and beauty, was the daughter of Jupiter and Dione. Others say that Venus sprang from the foam65 of the sea. The zephyr66 wafted67 her along the waves to the Isle of Cyprus, where she was received and attired68 by the Seasons, and then led to the assembly of the gods. All were charmed with her beauty, and each one demanded her for his wife. Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude69 for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts. So the most beautiful of the goddesses became the wife of the most ill-favored of gods. Venus possessed70 an embroidered71 girdle called Cestus, which had the power of inspiring love. Her favorite birds were swans and doves, and the plants sacred to her were the rose and the myrtle.
Cupid (Eros), the god of love, was the son of Venus. He was her constant companion; and, armed with bow and arrows, he shot the darts72 of desire into the bosoms73 of both gods and men. There was a deity74 named Anteros, who was sometimes represented as the avenger75 of slighted love, and sometimes as the symbol of reciprocal affection. The following legend is told of him:
Venus, complaining to Themis that her son Eros continued always a child, was told by her that it was because he was solitary76, and that if he had a brother he would grow apace. Anteros was soon afterwards born, and Eros immediately was seen to increase rapidly in size and strength.
Minerva (Pallas, Athene), the goddess of wisdom, was the offspring of Jupiter, without a mother. She sprang forth from his head completely armed. Her favorite bird was the owl47, and the plant sacred to her the olive.
Byron, in “Childe Harold,” alludes to the birth of Minerva thus:
“Can tyrants77 but by tyrants conquered be,
And Freedom find no champion and no child,
Such as Columbia saw arise, when she
Sprang forth a Pallas, armed and undefiled?
Or must such minds be nourished in the wild,
Deep in the unpruned forest, ’midst the roar
Of cataracts78, where nursing Nature smiled
On infant Washington? Has earth no more
Such seeds within her breast, or Europe no such shore?”
Mercury (Hermes) was the son of Jupiter and Maia. He presided over commerce, wrestling, and other gymnastic exercises, even over thieving, and everything, in short, which required skill and dexterity79. He was the messenger of Jupiter, and wore a winged cap and winged shoes. He bore in his hand a rod entwined with two serpents, called the caduceus.
Mercury is said to have invented the lyre. He found, one day, a tortoise, of which he took the shell, made holes in the opposite edges of it, and drew cords of linen80 through them, and the instrument was complete. The cords were nine, in honor of the nine Muses. Mercury gave the lyre to Apollo, and received from him in exchange the caduceus.[4]
Ceres (Demeter) was the daughter of Saturn and Rhea. She had a daughter named Proserpine (Persephone), who became the wife of Pluto, and queen of the realms of the dead. Ceres presided over agriculture.
Bacchus (Dionysus), the god of wine, was the son of Jupiter and Semele. He represents not only the intoxicating81 power of wine, but its social and beneficent influences likewise, so that he is viewed as the promoter of civilization, and a lawgiver and lover of peace.
The Muses were the daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosyne (Memory). They presided over song, and prompted the memory. They were nine in number, to each of whom was assigned the precedence over some particular department of literature, art, or science. Calliope was the muse36 of epic82 poetry, Clio of history, Euterpe of lyric83 poetry, Melpomene of tragedy, Terpsichore of choral dance and song, Erato of love poetry, Polyhymnia of sacred poetry, Urania of astronomy, Thalia of comedy.
The Graces were goddesses presiding over the banquet, the dance, and all social enjoyments84 and elegant arts. They were three in number. Their names were Euphrosyne, Aglaia, and Thalia.
Spenser describes the office of the Graces thus:
“These three on men all gracious gifts bestow
Which deck the body or adorn85 the mind,
To make them lovely or well-favored show;
As comely86 carriage, entertainment kind,
Sweet semblance87, friendly offices that bind88,
And all the complements89 of courtesy;
They teach us how to each degree and kind
We should ourselves demean, to low, to high,
To friends, to foes90; which skill men call Civility.”
The Fates were also three—Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. Their office was to spin the thread of human destiny, and they were armed with shears91, with which they cut it off when they pleased. They were the daughters of Themis (Law), who sits by Jove on his throne to give him counsel.
The Erinnyes, or Furies, were three goddesses who punished by their secret stings the crimes of those who escaped or defied public justice. The heads of the Furies were wreathed with serpents, and their whole appearance was terrific and appalling92. Their names were Alecto, Tisiphone, and Meg?ra. They were also called Eumenides.
Nemesis93 was also an avenging94 goddess. She represents the righteous anger of the gods, particularly towards the proud and insolent95.
Pan was the god of flocks and shepherds. His favorite residence was in Arcadia.
The Satyrs were deities of the woods and fields. They were conceived to be covered with bristly hair, their heads decorated with short, sprouting96 horns, and their feet like goats’ feet.
Momus was the god of laughter, and Plutus the god of wealth.
ROMAN DIVINITIES
The preceding are Grecian divinities, though received also by the Romans. Those which follow are peculiar to Roman mythology97:
Saturn was an ancient Italian deity. It was attempted to identify him with the Grecian god Cronos, and fabled that after his dethronement by Jupiter he fled to Italy, where he reigned98 during what was called the Golden Age. In memory of his beneficent dominion, the feast of Saturnalia was held every year in the winter season. Then all public business was suspended, declarations of war and criminal executions were postponed99, friends made presents to one another, and the slaves were indulged with great liberties. A feast was given them at which they sat at table, while their masters served them, to show the natural equality of men, and that all things belonged equally to all, in the reign of Saturn.
Faunus,[5] the grandson of Saturn, was worshipped as the god of fields and shepherds, and also as a prophetic god. His name in the plural100, Fauns, expressed a class of gamesome deities, like the Satyrs of the Greeks.
Quirinus was a war god, said to be no other than Romulus, the founder101 of Rome, exalted102 after his death to a place among the gods.
Bellona, a war goddess.
Terminus, the god of landmarks103. His statue was a rude stone or post, set in the ground to mark the boundaries of fields.
Pales, the goddess presiding over cattle and pastures.
Pomona presided over fruit trees.
Flora104, the goddess of flowers.
Lucina, the goddess of childbirth.
Vesta (the Hestia of the Greeks) was a deity presiding over the public and private hearth105. A sacred fire, tended by six virgin106 priestesses called Vestals, flamed in her temple. As the safety of the city was held to be connected with its conservation, the neglect of the virgins107, if they let it go out, was severely108 punished, and the fire was rekindled109 from the rays of the sun.
Liber is the Latin name of Bacchus; and Mulciber of Vulcan.
Janus was the porter of heaven. He opens the year, the first month being named after him. He is the guardian110 deity of gates, on which account he is commonly represented with two heads, because every door looks two ways. His temples at Rome were numerous. In war time the gates of the principal one were always open. In peace they were closed; but they were shut only once between the reign of Numa and that of Augustus.
The Penates were the gods who were supposed to attend to the welfare and prosperity of the family. Their name is derived111 from Penus, the pantry, which was sacred to them. Every master of a family was the priest to the Penates of his own house.
The Lares, or Lars, were also household gods, but differed from the Penates in being regarded as the deified spirits of mortals. The family Lars were held to be the souls of the ancestors, who watched over and protected their descendants. The words Lemur and Larva more nearly correspond to our word Ghost.
The Romans believed that every man had his Genius, and every woman her Juno: that is, a spirit who had given them being, and was regarded as their protector through life. On their birthdays men made offerings to their Genius, women to their Juno.
A modern poet thus alludes to some of the Roman gods:
“Pomona loves the orchard112,
And Liber loves the vine,
And Pales loves the straw-built shed
Warm with the breath of kine;
And Venus loves the whisper
Of plighted113 youth and maid,
In April’s ivory moonlight,
Beneath the chestnut114 shade.”
—Macaulay, “Prophecy of Capys.”
N.B.—It is to be observed that in proper names the final e and es are to be sounded. Thus Cybele and Penates are words of three syllables116. But Proserpine and Thebes are exceptions, and to be pronounced as English words. In the Index at the close of the volume we shall mark the accented syllable115 in all words which appear to require it.
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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orators
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| n.演说者，演讲家( orator的名词复数 ) | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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oracle
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| n.神谕，神谕处，预言 | |
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Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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everlasting
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| adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的 | |
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bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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caverns
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| 大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 ) | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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toils
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| 网 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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immortality
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| n.不死，不朽 | |
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isle
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| n.小岛，岛 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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longevity
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| n.长命；长寿 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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alludes
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| 提及，暗指( allude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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celestials
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| n.天的，天空的( celestial的名词复数 ) | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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ambrosia
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| n.神的食物；蜂食 | |
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conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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quaffed
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| v.痛饮( quaff的过去式和过去分词 )；畅饮；大口大口将…喝干；一饮而尽 | |
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muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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muse
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| n.缪斯（希腊神话中的女神），创作灵感 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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drench
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| v.使淋透，使湿透 | |
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brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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Saturn
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| n.农神，土星 | |
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chaos
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| n.混乱，无秩序 | |
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dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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Neptune
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| n.海王星 | |
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splendor
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| n.光彩；壮丽，华丽；显赫，辉煌 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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owl
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| n.猫头鹰，枭 | |
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fabled
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| adj.寓言中的，虚构的 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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devoured
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| 吞没( devour的过去式和过去分词 )； 耗尽； 津津有味地看； 狼吞虎咽地吃光 | |
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espoused
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| v.（决定）支持，拥护（目标、主张等）( espouse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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draught
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| n.拉，牵引，拖；一网（饮，吸，阵)；顿服药量，通风；v.起草，设计 | |
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vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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inflicting
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的现在分词 ) | |
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atlas
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| n.地图册，图表集 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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Pluto
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| n.冥王星 | |
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dominions
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| 统治权( dominion的名词复数 )； 领土； 疆土； 版图 | |
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iris
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| n.虹膜，彩虹 | |
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lame
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| adj.跛的，(辩解、论据等)无说服力的 | |
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displeased
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| a.不快的 | |
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lameness
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| n. 跛, 瘸, 残废 | |
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foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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zephyr
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| n.和风，微风 | |
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wafted
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| v.吹送，飘送，（使）浮动( waft的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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72
darts
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| n.掷飞镖游戏；飞镖( dart的名词复数 )；急驰，飞奔v.投掷，投射( dart的第三人称单数 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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avenger
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| n. 复仇者 | |
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solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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tyrants
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| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
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cataracts
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| n.大瀑布( cataract的名词复数 )；白内障 | |
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dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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linen
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| n.亚麻布，亚麻线，亚麻制品；adj.亚麻布制的，亚麻的 | |
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intoxicating
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| a. 醉人的,使人兴奋的 | |
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epic
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| n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的 | |
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lyric
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| n.抒情诗，歌词；adj.抒情的 | |
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enjoyments
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| 愉快( enjoyment的名词复数 )； 令人愉快的事物； 享有； 享受 | |
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adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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complements
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| 补充( complement的名词复数 )； 补足语； 补充物； 补集（数） | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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shears
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| n.大剪刀 | |
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appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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nemesis
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| n.给以报应者，复仇者，难以对付的敌手 | |
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avenging
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| adj.报仇的，复仇的v.为…复仇，报…之仇( avenge的现在分词 )；为…报复 | |
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insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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sprouting
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| v.发芽( sprout的现在分词 )；抽芽；出现；（使）涌现出 | |
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mythology
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| n.神话，神话学，神话集 | |
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reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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postponed
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| vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发） | |
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plural
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| n.复数；复数形式；adj.复数的 | |
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Founder
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| n.创始者，缔造者 | |
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102
exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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landmarks
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| n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址） | |
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flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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hearth
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| n.壁炉炉床，壁炉地面 | |
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106
virgin
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| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
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107
virgins
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| 处女，童男( virgin的名词复数 )； 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母） | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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109
rekindled
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| v.使再燃( rekindle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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110
guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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111
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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112
orchard
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| n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场 | |
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113
plighted
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| vt.保证，约定（plight的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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114
chestnut
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| n.栗树，栗子 | |
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115
syllable
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| n.音节；vt.分音节 | |
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116
syllables
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| n.音节( syllable的名词复数 ) | |
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