The famous statue of Apollo called the Belvedere represents the god after this victory over the serpent Python. To this Byron alludes6 in his “Childe Harold,” iv., 161:
“. . . The lord of the unerring bow,
The god of life, and poetry, and light,
The Sun, in human limbs arrayed, and brow
All radiant from his triumph in the fight.
The shaft7 has just been shot; the arrow bright
With an immortal8’s vengeance9; in his eye
And nostril10, beautiful disdain11, and might
And majesty12 flash their full lightnings by,
Developing in that one glance the Deity13.”
APOLLO AND DAPHNE
Daphne was Apollo’s first love. It was not brought about by accident, but by the malice14 of Cupid. Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and arrows; and being himself elated with his recent victory over Python, he said to him, “What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy15 boy? Leave them for hands worthy16 of them. Behold17 the conquest I have won by means of them over the vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body over acres of the plain! Be content with your torch, child, and kindle18 up your flames, as you call them, where you will, but presume not to meddle19 with my weapons.” Venus’s boy heard these words, and rejoined, “Your arrows may strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you.” So saying, he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus, and drew from his quiver two arrows of different workmanship, one to excite love, the other to repel20 it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed22, the latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck the nymph Daphne, the daughter of the river god Peneus, and with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god was seized with love for the maiden23, and she abhorred24 the thought of loving. Her delight was in woodland sports and in the spoils of the chase. Many lovers sought her, but she spurned25 them all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Cupid nor of Hymen. Her father often said to her, “Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law; you owe me grandchildren.” She, hating the thought of marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged27 all over with blushes, threw her arms around her father’s neck, and said, “Dearest father, grant me this favor, that I may always remain unmarried, like Diana.” He consented, but at the same time said, “Your own face will forbid it.”
Apollo loved her, and longed to obtain her; and he who gives oracles28 to all the world was not wise enough to look into his own fortunes. He saw her hair flung loose over her shoulders, and said, “If so charming in disorder29, what would it be if arranged?” He saw her eyes bright as stars; he saw her lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He admired her hands and arms, naked to the shoulder, and whatever was hidden from view he imagined more beautiful still. He followed her; she fled, swifter than the wind, and delayed not a moment at his entreaties30. “Stay,” said he, “daughter of Peneus; I am not a foe31. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk32. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable33, for fear you should fall and hurt yourself on these stones, and I should be the cause. Pray run slower, and I will follow slower. I am no clown, no rude peasant. Jupiter is my father, and I am lord of Delphos and Tenedos, and know all things, present and future. I am the god of song and the lyre. My arrows fly true to the mark; but, alas34! an arrow more fatal than mine has pierced my heart! I am the god of medicine, and know the virtues35 of all healing plants. Alas! I suffer a malady36 that no balm can cure!”
The nymph continued her flight, and left his plea half uttered. And even as she fled she charmed him. The wind blew her garments, and her unbound hair streamed loose behind her. The god grew impatient to find his wooings thrown away, and, sped by Cupid, gained upon her in the race. It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with open jaws37 ready to seize, while the feebler animal darts38 forward, slipping from the very grasp. So flew the god and the virgin—he on the wings of love, and she on those of fear. The pursuer is the more rapid, however, and gains upon her, and his panting breath blows upon her hair. Her strength begins to fail, and, ready to sink, she calls upon her father, the river god: “Help me, Peneus! open the earth to enclose me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger!” Scarcely had she spoken, when a stiffness seized all her limbs; her bosom39 began to be enclosed in a tender bark; her hair became leaves; her arms became branches; her foot stuck fast in the ground, as a root; her face became a tree-top, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty. Apollo stood amazed. He touched the stem, and felt the flesh tremble under the new bark. He embraced the branches, and lavished40 kisses on the wood. The branches shrank from his lips. “Since you cannot be my wife,” said he, “you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown; I will decorate with you my harp21 and my quiver; and when the great Roman conquerors41 lead up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth is mine, you also shall be always green, and your leaf know no decay.” The nymph, now changed into a Laurel tree, bowed its head in grateful acknowledgment.
That Apollo should be the god both of music and poetry will not appear strange, but that medicine should also be assigned to his province, may. The poet Armstrong, himself a physician, thus accounts for it:
“Music exalts42 each joy, allays44 each grief,
?Expels diseases, softens46 every pain;
?And hence the wise of ancient days adored
?One power of physic, melody, and song.”
The story of Apollo and Daphne is often alluded47 to by the poets. Waller applies it to the case of one whose amatory verses, though they did not soften45 the heart of his mistress, yet won for the poet wide-spread fame:
“Yet what he sung in his immortal strain,
Though unsuccessful, was not sung in vain.
All but the nymph that should redress48 his wrong,
Attend his passion and approve his song.
Like Ph?bus thus, acquiring unsought praise,
He caught at love and filled his arms with bays.”
The following stanza49 from Shelley’s “Adonais” alludes to Byron’s early quarrel with the reviewers:
?“The herded50 wolves, bold only to pursue;
The obscene ravens51, clamorous52 o’er the dead;
The vultures, to the conqueror’s banner true,
Who feed where Desolation first has fed,
And whose wings rain contagion53: how they fled,
When like Apollo, from his golden bow,
The Pythian of the age one arrow sped
And smiled! The spoilers tempt54 no second blow;
They fawn55 on the proud feet that spurn26 them as they go.”
PYRAMUS AND THISBE
Pyramus was the handsomest youth, and Thisbe the fairest maiden, in all Babylonia, where Semiramis reigned56. Their parents occupied adjoining houses; and neighborhood brought the young people together, and acquaintance ripened57 into love. They would gladly have married, but their parents forbade. One thing, however, they could not forbid—that love should glow with equal ardor58 in the bosoms59 of both. They conversed60 by signs and glances, and the fire burned more intensely for being covered up. In the wall that parted the two houses there was a crack, caused by some fault in the structure. No one had remarked it before, but the lovers discovered it. What will not love discover! It afforded a passage to the voice; and tender messages used to pass backward and forward through the gap. As they stood, Pyramus on this side, Thisbe on that, their breaths would mingle61. “Cruel wall,” they said, “why do you keep two lovers apart? But we will not be ungrateful. We owe you, we confess, the privilege of transmitting loving words to willing ears.” Such words they uttered on different sides of the wall; and when night came and they must say farewell, they pressed their lips upon the wall, she on her side, he on his, as they could come no nearer.
Next morning, when Aurora62 had put out the stars, and the sun had melted the frost from the grass, they met at the accustomed spot. Then, after lamenting63 their hard fate, they agreed that next night, when all was still, they would slip away from watchful64 eyes, leave their dwellings65 and walk out into the fields; and to insure a meeting, repair to a well-known edifice66 standing67 without the city’s bounds, called the Tomb of Ninus, and that the one who came first should await the other at the foot of a certain tree. It was a white mulberry tree, and stood near a cool spring. All was agreed on, and they waited impatiently for the sun to go down beneath the waters and night to rise up from them. Then cautiously Thisbe stole forth, unobserved by the family, her head covered with a veil, made her way to the monument and sat down under the tree. As she sat alone in the dim light of the evening she descried68 a lioness, her jaws reeking69 with recent slaughter70, approaching the fountain to slake71 her thirst. Thisbe fled at the sight, and sought refuge in the hollow of a rock. As she fled she dropped her veil. The lioness after drinking at the spring turned to retreat to the woods, and seeing the veil on the ground, tossed and rent it with her bloody72 mouth.
Pyramus, having been delayed, now approached the place of meeting. He saw in the sand the footsteps of the lion, and the color fled from his cheeks at the sight. Presently he found the veil all rent and bloody. “O hapless girl,” said he, “I have been the cause of thy death! Thou, more worthy of life than I, hast fallen the first victim. I will follow. I am the guilty cause, in tempting73 thee forth to a place of such peril74, and not being myself on the spot to guard thee. Come forth, ye lions, from the rocks, and tear this guilty body with your teeth.” He took up the veil, carried it with him to the appointed tree, and covered it with kisses and with tears. “My blood also shall stain your texture,” said he, and drawing his sword plunged75 it into his heart. The blood spurted76 from the wound, and tinged the white mulberries of the tree all red; and sinking into the earth reached the roots, so that the red color mounted through the trunk to the fruit.
By this time Thisbe, still trembling with fear, yet wishing not to disappoint her lover, stepped cautiously forth, looking anxiously for the youth, eager to tell him the danger she had escaped. When she came to the spot and saw the changed color of the mulberries she doubted whether it was the same place. While she hesitated she saw the form of one struggling in the agonies of death. She started back, a shudder77 ran through her frame as a ripple78 on the face of the still water when a sudden breeze sweeps over it. But as soon as she recognized her lover, she screamed and beat her breast, embracing the lifeless body, pouring tears into its wounds, and imprinting79 kisses on the cold lips. “O Pyramus,” she cried, “what has done this? Answer me, Pyramus; it is your own Thisbe that speaks. Hear me, dearest, and lift that drooping80 head!” At the name of Thisbe Pyramus opened his eyes, then closed them again. She saw her veil stained with blood and the scabbard empty of its sword. “Thy own hand has slain81 thee, and for my sake,” she said. “I too can be brave for once, and my love is as strong as thine. I will follow thee in death, for I have been the cause; and death which alone could part us shall not prevent my joining thee. And ye, unhappy parents of us both, deny us not our united request. As love and death have joined us, let one tomb contain us. And thou, tree, retain the marks of slaughter. Let thy berries still serve for memorials of our blood.” So saying she plunged the sword into her breast. Her parents ratified82 her wish, the gods also ratified it. The two bodies were buried in one sepulchre, and the tree ever after brought forth purple berries, as it does to this day.
Moore, in the “Sylph’s Ball,” speaking of Davy’s Safety Lamp, is reminded of the wall that separated Thisbe and her lover:
“O for that Lamp’s metallic83 gauze,
That curtain of protecting wire,
Which Davy delicately draws
Around illicit84, dangerous fire!
The wall he sets ’twixt Flame and Air,
(Like that which barred young Thisbe’s bliss,)
Through whose small holes this dangerous pair
May see each other, but not kiss.”
In Mickle’s translation of the “Lusiad” occurs the following allusion85 to the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, and the metamorphosis of the mulberries. The poet is describing the Island of Love:
“. . . here each gift Pomona’s hand bestows86
In cultured garden, free uncultured flows,
The flavor sweeter and the hue87 more fair
Than e’er was fostered by the hand of care.
The cherry here in shining crimson88 glows,
And stained with lovers’ blood, in pendent rows,
The mulberries o’erload the bending boughs89.”
If any of our young readers can be so hard-hearted as to enjoy a laugh at the expense of poor Pyramus and Thisbe, they may find an opportunity by turning to Shakspeare’s play of the “Midsummer Night’s Dream,” where it is most amusingly burlesqued90.
CEPHALUS AND PROCRIS
Cephalus was a beautiful youth and fond of manly91 sports. He would rise before the dawn to pursue the chase. Aurora saw him when she first looked forth, fell in love with him, and stole him away. But Cephalus was just married to a charming wife whom he devotedly92 loved. Her name was Procris. She was a favorite of Diana, the goddess of hunting, who had given her a dog which could outrun every rival, and a javelin93 which would never fail of its mark; and Procris gave these presents to her husband. Cephalus was so happy in his wife that he resisted all the entreaties of Aurora, and she finally dismissed him in displeasure, saying, “Go, ungrateful mortal, keep your wife, whom, if I am not much mistaken, you will one day be very sorry you ever saw again.”
Cephalus returned, and was as happy as ever in his wife and his woodland sports. Now it happened some angry deity had sent a ravenous94 fox to annoy the country; and the hunters turned out in great strength to capture it. Their efforts were all in vain; no dog could run it down; and at last they came to Cephalus to borrow his famous dog, whose name was Lelaps. No sooner was the dog let loose than he darted95 off, quicker than their eye could follow him. If they had not seen his footprints in the sand they would have thought he flew. Cephalus and others stood on a hill and saw the race. The fox tried every art; he ran in a circle and turned on his track, the dog close upon him, with open jaws, snapping at his heels, but biting only the air. Cephalus was about to use his javelin, when suddenly he saw both dog and game stop instantly. The heavenly powers who had given both were not willing that either should conquer. In the very attitude of life and action they were turned into stone. So lifelike and natural did they look, you would have thought, as you looked at them, that one was going to bark, the other to leap forward.
Cephalus, though he had lost his dog, still continued to take delight in the chase. He would go out at early morning, ranging the woods and hills unaccompanied by any one, needing no help, for his javelin was a sure weapon in all cases. Fatigued96 with hunting, when the sun got high he would seek a shady nook where a cool stream flowed, and, stretched on the grass, with his garments thrown aside, would enjoy the breeze. Sometimes he would say aloud, “Come, sweet breeze, come and fan my breast, come and allay43 the heat that burns me.” Some one passing by one day heard him talking in this way to the air, and, foolishly believing that he was talking to some maiden, went and told the secret to Procris, Cephalus’s wife. Love is credulous97. Procris, at the sudden shock, fainted away. Presently recovering, she said, “It cannot be true; I will not believe it unless I myself am a witness to it.” So she waited, with anxious heart, till the next morning, when Cephalus went to hunt as usual. Then she stole out after him, and concealed98 herself in the place where the informer directed her. Cephalus came as he was wont99 when tired with sport, and stretched himself on the green bank, saying, “Come, sweet breeze, come and fan me; you know how I love you! you make the groves101 and my solitary102 rambles103 delightful104.” He was running on in this way when he heard, or thought he heard, a sound as of a sob105 in the bushes. Supposing it some wild animal, he threw his javelin at the spot. A cry from his beloved Procris told him that the weapon had too surely met its mark. He rushed to the place, and found her bleeding, and with sinking strength endeavoring to draw forth from the wound the javelin, her own gift. Cephalus raised her from the earth, strove to stanch106 the blood, and called her to revive and not to leave him miserable, to reproach himself with her death. She opened her feeble eyes, and forced herself to utter these few words: “I implore107 you, if you have ever loved me, if I have ever deserved kindness at your hands, my husband, grant me this last request; do not marry that odious108 Breeze!” This disclosed the whole mystery: but alas! what advantage to disclose it now! She died; but her face wore a calm expression, and she looked pityingly and forgivingly on her husband when he made her understand the truth.
Moore, in his “Legendary Ballads,” has one on Cephalus and Procris, beginning thus:
“A hunter once in a grove100 reclined,
To shun109 the noon’s bright eye,
And oft he wooed the wandering wind
To cool his brow with its sigh.
While mute lay even the wild bee’s hum,
Nor breath could stir the aspen’s hair,
His song was still, ‘Sweet Air, O come!’
While Echo answered, ‘Come, sweet Air!’?”
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收听单词发音
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1
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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2
lurked
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| vi.潜伏，埋伏（lurk的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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5
beech
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| n.山毛榉；adj.山毛榉的 | |
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alludes
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| 提及，暗指( allude的第三人称单数 ) | |
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7
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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8
immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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9
vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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nostril
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| n.鼻孔 | |
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disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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13
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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14
malice
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| n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋 | |
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15
saucy
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| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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16
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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17
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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kindle
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| v.点燃，着火 | |
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meddle
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| v.干预，干涉，插手 | |
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repel
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| v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥 | |
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harp
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| n.竖琴；天琴座 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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maiden
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| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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24
abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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spurned
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| v.一脚踢开，拒绝接受( spurn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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spurn
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| v.拒绝，摈弃；n.轻视的拒绝；踢开 | |
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tinged
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| v.（使）发丁丁声( ting的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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oracles
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| 神示所( oracle的名词复数 )； 神谕； 圣贤； 哲人 | |
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29
disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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entreaties
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| n.恳求，乞求( entreaty的名词复数 ) | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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hawk
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| n.鹰，骗子；鹰派成员 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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jaws
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| n.口部；嘴 | |
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darts
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| n.掷飞镖游戏；飞镖( dart的名词复数 )；急驰，飞奔v.投掷，投射( dart的第三人称单数 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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lavished
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| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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conquerors
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| 征服者，占领者( conqueror的名词复数 ) | |
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exalts
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| 赞扬( exalt的第三人称单数 )； 歌颂； 提升； 提拔 | |
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allay
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| v.消除，减轻(恐惧、怀疑等) | |
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allays
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| v.减轻，缓和( allay的第三人称单数 ) | |
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45
soften
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| v.(使)变柔软；(使)变柔和 | |
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softens
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| （使）变软( soften的第三人称单数 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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redress
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| n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除 | |
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stanza
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| n.（诗）节，段 | |
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herded
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| 群集，纠结( herd的过去式和过去分词 )； 放牧； （使）向…移动 | |
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ravens
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| n.低质煤；渡鸦( raven的名词复数 ) | |
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clamorous
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| adj.吵闹的，喧哗的 | |
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contagion
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| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
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tempt
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| vt.引诱，勾引，吸引，引起…的兴趣 | |
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fawn
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| n.未满周岁的小鹿；v.巴结，奉承 | |
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reigned
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| vi.当政，统治（reign的过去式形式） | |
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ripened
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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ardor
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| n.热情，狂热 | |
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bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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mingle
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| vt.使混合，使相混；vi.混合起来；相交往 | |
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aurora
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| n.极光 | |
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lamenting
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| adj.悲伤的，悲哀的v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的现在分词 ) | |
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watchful
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| adj.注意的，警惕的 | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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edifice
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| n.宏伟的建筑物(如宫殿，教室) | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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descried
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| adj.被注意到的，被发现的，被看到的 | |
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reeking
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| v.发出浓烈的臭气( reek的现在分词 )；散发臭气；发出难闻的气味 (of sth)；明显带有（令人不快或生疑的跡象） | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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slake
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| v.解渴，使平息 | |
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bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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spurted
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| （液体，火焰等）喷出，（使）涌出( spurt的过去式和过去分词 )； （短暂地）加速前进，冲刺 | |
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shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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ripple
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| n.涟波，涟漪，波纹，粗钢梳；vt.使...起涟漪，使起波纹； vi.呈波浪状，起伏前进 | |
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imprinting
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| n.胚教，铭记（动物生命早期即起作用的一种学习机能）；印记 | |
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drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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ratified
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| v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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metallic
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| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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illicit
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| adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的 | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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bestows
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的第三人称单数 ) | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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burlesqued
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| v.（嘲弄地）模仿，（通过模仿）取笑( burlesque的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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manly
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| adj.有男子气概的；adv.男子般地，果断地 | |
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devotedly
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| 专心地； 恩爱地； 忠实地； 一心一意地 | |
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javelin
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| n.标枪，投枪 | |
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ravenous
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| adj.极饿的，贪婪的 | |
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darted
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| v.投掷，投射( dart的过去式和过去分词 )；向前冲，飞奔 | |
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fatigued
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| adj. 疲乏的 | |
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credulous
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| adj.轻信的，易信的 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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wont
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| adj.习惯于；v.习惯；n.习惯 | |
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grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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groves
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| 树丛，小树林( grove的名词复数 ) | |
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102
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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103
rambles
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| （无目的地）漫游( ramble的第三人称单数 )； （喻）漫谈； 扯淡； 长篇大论 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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105
sob
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| n.空间轨道的轰炸机；呜咽，哭泣 | |
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106
stanch
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| v.止住（血等）；adj.坚固的；坚定的 | |
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107
implore
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| vt.乞求，恳求，哀求 | |
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108
odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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109
shun
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| vt.避开，回避，避免 | |
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