The tourist turns his face to the Orient—the poet sings the gone glories of Greece—the painter elaborates the hackneyed pictures of Apennine and Alp—the novelist turns the skulking3 thief of Italy into a picturesque4 bandit, or, Don Quixote-like, betaking himself into the misty5 middle age, entertains the romantic miss and milliner’s apprentice6 with stories of raven7 steeds, of plumed8 and impossible heroes. All—painter, poet, tourist, and novelist—in search of the bright and beautiful, the poetic10 and the picturesque—turn their backs upon this lovely land.
Shall we? No! Westward11, like the Genoese, we boldly venture—over the dark wild waves of the rolling Atlantic; through among the sunny islands of Ind—westward to the land of Anahuac. Let us debark12 upon its shores; let us pierce the secret depths of its forests; let us climb its mighty13 mountains, and traverse its table-plains.
Go with us, tourist! Fear not. You shall look upon scenes grand and gloomy, bright and beautiful. Poet! you shall find themes for poesy worthy14 its loftiest strains. Painter! for you there are pictures fresh from the hand of God. Writer! there are stories still untold15 by the author-artist—legends of love and hate, of gratitude16 and revenge, of falsehood and devotion, of noble virtue17 and ignoble18 crime—legends redolent of romance, rich in reality.
Thither20 we steer21, over the dark wild waves of the rolling Atlantic; through the summer islands of the Western Ind; onward22—onward to the shores of Anahuac!
Varied23 is the aspect of that picture-land, abounding24 in scenes that change like the tints25 of the opal. Varied is the surface which these pictures adorn26. Valleys that open deep into the earth; mountains that lead the eye far up into heaven; plains that stretch to the horizon’s verge27, until the rim19 of the blue canopy28 seems to rest upon their limitless level; “rolling” landscapes, whose softly-turned ridges29 remind one of the wavy31 billows of the ocean.
Alas32! word-painting can give but a faint idea of these scenes. The pen can but feebly portray33 the grand and sublime34 effect produced upon the mind of him who gazes down into the deep valleys, or glances upward to the mighty mountains of Mexico.
Though feeble be the effort, I shall attempt a series of sketches35 from memory. They are the panoramic36 views that present themselves during a single “Jornada.”
I stand upon the shores of the Mexican Gulf37. The waves lip gently up to my feet upon a beach of silvery sand. The water is pure and translucent38, of azure39 blue, here and there crested41 with the pearly froth of coral breakers. I look to the eastward42, and behold43 a summer sea that seems to invite navigation. But where are the messengers of commerce with their white wings? The solitary44 skiff of the savage45 “pescador” is making its way through the surf; a lone46 “polacca” beats up the coast with its half-smuggler crew; a “piragua” swings at anchor in a neighbouring cove47: this is all! Far as eye or glass can reach, no other sail is in sight. The beautiful sea before me is almost unfurrowed by the keels of commerce.
From this I draw ideas of the land and its inhabitants—unfavourable ideas of their moral and material condition. No commerce—no industry—no prosperity. Stay! What see I yonder? Perhaps I have been wronging them. A dark, tower-like object looms49 up against the horizon. It is the smoke of a steamer—sign of advanced civilisation50—emblem of active life. She nears the shore. Ha! a foreign flag—the flag of another land trails over her taffrail; a foreign flag floats at her peak; foreign faces appear above her bulwarks51, and foreign words issue from the lips of her commander. She is not of the land. My first conjecture52 was right.
She makes for the principal port. She lands a small parcel of letters and papers, a few bales of merchandise, half a dozen slightly-formed cadaverous men; and then, putting about, a gun is fired, and she is off again. She soon disappears away upon the wide ocean; and the waves once more roll silently in—their glistening53 surface broken only by the flapping of the albatross or the plunge54 of the osprey.
I direct my eyes northward55. I behold a belt of white sand skirting the blue water. I turn towards the south, and in this direction perceive a similar belt. To both points it extends beyond the reach of vision—hundreds of miles beyond—forming, like a ribbon of silver, the selvage of the Mexican Sea. It separates the turquoise56 blue of the water from the emerald green of the forest, contrasting with each by its dazzling whiteness. Its surface is far from being level, as is usual with the ocean-strand. On the contrary, its millions of sparkling atoms, rendered light by the burning sun of the tropic, have been lifted on the wings of the wind, and thrown into hills and ridges hundreds of feet in height, and trending in every direction like the wreaths of a great snow-drift. I advance with difficulty over these naked ridges, where no vegetation finds nourishment57 in the inorganic58 heap. I drag myself wearily along, sinking deeply at every step. I climb sand-hills of strange and fantastic shapes, cones59, and domes60, and roof-like ridges, where the sportive wind seems to have played with the plastic mass, as children with potter’s clay. I encounter huge basins like the craters61 of volcanoes, formed by the circling swirl62; deep chasms64 and valleys, whose sides are walls of sand, steep, often vertical65, and not unfrequently impending66 with comb-like escarpments.
All these features may be changed in a single night, by the magical breath of the “norther”. The hill to-day may become the valley to-morrow, and the elevated ridge30 have given place to the sunken chasm63.
Upon the summits of these sand-heights I am fanned by the cool breeze from the Gulf. I descend67 into the sheltered gorges68, and am burned by a tropic sun, whose beams, reflected from a thousand crystals, torture my eyes and brain. In these parts the traveller is often the victim of the coup-de-soleil.
Yonder comes the “norte” Along the northern horizon the sky suddenly changes from light blue to a dark lead colour. Sometimes rumbling69 thunder with arrowy lightning portends70 the change; but if neither seen nor heard, it is soon felt. The hot atmosphere, that, but a moment before, encased me in its glowing embrace, is suddenly pierced by a chill breeze, that causes my skin to creep and my frame to shiver. In its icy breath there is fever—there is death; for it carries on its wings the dreaded71 “vomito”. The breeze becomes a strong wind—a tempest. The sand is lifted upwards72, and floats through the air in dun clouds, here settling down, and there rising up again. I dare not face it, any more than I would the blast of the simoom. I should be blinded if I did, or blistered73 by the “scud” of the angular atoms. The “norther” continues for hours, sometimes for days. It departs as suddenly as it came, carrying its baneful74 influence to lands farther south.
It is past, and the sand-hills have assumed a different shape. The ridges trend differently. Some have disappeared, and valleys yawn open where they stood!
Such are the shores of Anahuac—the shores of the Mexican Sea. Without commerce—almost harbourless—a waste of sand; but a waste of striking appearance and picturesque beauty.
To horse and inwards! Adieu to the bright blue waters of the Gulf!
We have crossed the sand-ridges of the coast, and are riding through the shadowy aisles75 of the forest. It is a tropical forest. The outlines of the leaves, their breadth, their glowing colours all reveal this. The eye roams with delight over a frondage76 that partakes equally of the gold and the green. It revels77 along waxen leaves, as those of the magnolia, the plantain, and the banana. It is led upward by the rounded trunks of the palms, that like columns appear to support the leafy canopy above. It penetrates78 the network of vines, or follows the diagonal direction of gigantic llianas, that creep like monster serpents from tree to tree. It gazes with pleased wonder upon the huge bamboo-briars and tree-ferns. Wherever it turns, flowers open their corollas to meet its delighted glance—tropical tree-flowers, blossoms of the scarlet79 vine, and trumpet-shaped tubes of the bignonia.
I turn my eyes to every side, and gaze upon a flora80 to me strange and interesting. I behold the tall stems of the palma real, rising one hundred feet without leaf or branch, and supporting a parachute of feathery fronds81 that wave to the slightest impulse of the breeze. Beside it I see its constant companion, the Indian cane—a small palm-tree, whose slender trunk and low stature82 contrast oddly with the colossal83 proportions of its lordly protector. I behold the corozo—of the same genus with the palma real—its light feathery frondage streaming outwards84 and bending downwards85, as if to protect from the hot sun the globe-shaped nuts that hang in grape-like clusters beneath. I see the abanico, with its enormous fan-shaped leaves; the wax-palm distilling86 its resinous87 gum; and the acrocomia, with its thorny88 trunk and enormous racemes of golden fruits. By the side of the stream I guide my horse among the columnar stems of the noble coeva, which has been enthusiastically but appropriately termed the “bread of life” (pan de vida).
I gaze with wonder upon the ferns, those strange creatures of the vegetable world, that upon the hillsides of my own far island-home scarce reach the knee in height. Here they are arborescent—tree-ferns—rivalling their cousins the palms in stature, and like them, with their tall, straight stems and lobed89 leaves, contributing to the picturesqueness90 of the landscape. I admire the beautiful mammey with its great oval fruit and saffron pulp91. I ride under the spreading limbs of the mahogany-tree, marking its oval pinnate leaves, and the egg-like seed capsules that hang from its branches; thinking as well of the brilliant surfaces that lie concealed92 within its dark and knotty93 trunk. Onward I ride, through glistening foliage94 and glowing flowers, that, under the beams of a tropic sun, present the varying hues95 of the rainbow.
There is no wind—scarcely a breath stirring; yet here and there the leaves are in motion. The wings of bright birds flash before the eye, passing from tree to tree. The gaudy96 tanagers, that cannot be tamed—the noisy lories, the resplendent trogons, the toucans97 with their huge clumsy bills, and the tiny bee-birds (the trochili and colibri)—all glance through the sunny vistas98.
The carpenter-bird—the great woodpecker—hangs against the decayed trunk of some dead tree, beating the hollow bark, and now and then sounding his clarion99 note, which is heard to the distance of a mile. Out of the underwood springs the crested curassow; or, basking100 in the sun-lit glades101, with outspread wings gleaming with metallic102 lustre103, may be seen the beautiful turkey of Honduras.
The graceful104 roe9 (Gervus Mexicanus) bounds forward, startled by the tread of the advancing horse. The caiman crawls lazily along the bank, or hides his hideous105 body under the water of a sluggish106 stream, and the not less hideous form of the iguana107, recognised by its serrated crest40, is seen crawling up the tree-trunk or lying along the slope of a lliana. The green lizard108 scuttles109 along the path—the basilisk looks with glistening eyes from the dark interstices of some corrugated110 vine—the biting peckotin glides111 among the dry leaves in pursuit of its insect prey—and the chameleon112 advances sluggishly113 along the branches, while it assumes their colour to deceive its victims.
Serpent forms present themselves: now and then the huge boa and the macaurel, twining the trees. The great tiger-snake is seen with its head raised half a yard from the surface; the cascabel, too, coiled like a cable; and the coral-snake with his red and ringed body stretched at full length along the ground. The two last, though inferior in size to the boas, are more to be dreaded; and my horse springs back when he sees the one glistening through the grass, or hears the “skir-r-r-r” of the other threatening to strike.
Quadrupeds and quadrumana appear. The red monkey (Mono Colorado) runs at the traveller’s approach, and, flinging himself from limb to limb, hides among the vines and Tillandsia on the high tree-tops; and the tiny ouistiti, with its pretty, child-like countenance114, peers innocently through the leaves; while the ferocious115 zambo fills the woods with its hideous, half-human voice.
The jaguar116 is not far distant, “laired” in the secret depths of the impenetrable jungle. His activity is nocturnal, and his beautiful spotted117 body may not be seen except by the silver light of the moon. Roused by accident, or pressed by the dogs of the hunter, he may cross my path. So, too, may the ocelot and the lynx; or, as I ride silently on, I may chance to view the long, tawny118 form of the Mexican lion, crouched119 upon a horizontal limb, and watching for the timid stag that must pass beneath. I turn prudently120 aside, and leave him to his hungry vigil.
Night brings a change. The beautiful birds—the parrots, the toucans, and the trogons—all go to rest at an early hour; and other winged creatures take possession of the air. Some need not fear the darkness, for their very life is light. Such are the “cocuyos”, whose brilliant lamps of green and gold and flame, gleam through the aisles of the forest, until the air seems on fire. Such, too, are the “gusanitos”, the female of which—a wingless insect, like a glow-worm—lies along the leaf, while her mate whirrs gaily121 around, shedding his most captivating gleams as he woos her upon the wing. But, though light is the life of these beautiful creatures, it is often the cause of their death. It guides their enemies—the night-hawk and the “whip-poor-will”, the bat, and the owl122. Of these last, the hideous vampire123 may be seen flapping his broad dark wings in quick, irregular turnings, and the great “lechuza” (Strix Mexicana), issuing from his dark tree-cave, utters his fearful notes, that resemble the moanings of one who is being hanged. Now may be heard the scream of the cougar124, and the hoarser125 voice of the Mexican tiger. Now may be heard the wild, disagreeable cries of the howling monkeys (alouattes), and the barking of the dog-wolf; and, blending with these, the croaking126 of the tree-toads and the shrill127 tinkling128 of the bell-frog. Perhaps the air is no longer, as in the daytime, filled with sweet perfumes. The aroma129 of a thousand flowers has yielded to the fetid odour of the skunk130 (Mephitis chinga)—for that singular creature is abroad, and, having quarrelled with one of the forest denizens131, has caused all of them to feel the power of its resentment132.
Such are some of the features of the tropical forest that lies between the Gulf and the Mexican mountains. But the aspect of this region is not all wild. There are cultivated districts—settlements, though far apart.
The forest opens, and the scene suddenly changes. Before me is a plantation—the hacienda of a “rico”. There are wide fields tilled by peon serfs, who labour and sing; but their song is sad. Its music is melancholy133. It is the voice of a conquered race.
Yet the scene around them is gay and joyful134. All but the people appears to prosper48. Vegetation luxuriates in its fullest growth. Both fruit and flower exhibit the hues of a perfect development. Man alone seems stunted135 in his outlines.
There is a beautiful stream meandering136 through the open fields. Its waters are clear and cool. They are the melted snows of Orizava. Upon its banks grow clumps137 of the cocoa-palm and the majestic138 plantain. There are gardens upon its banks, and orchards139 filled with the fruit-trees of the tropics. I see the orange with its golden globes, the sweet lime, the shaddock, and the guava-tree. I ride under the shade of the aguacate (Laurus Persea), and pluck the luscious141 fruits of the cherimolla. The breeze blowing over fields carries on its wings the aroma of the coffee-tree, the indigo-plant, the vanilla142 bean, or the wholesome143 cacao (Theobroma Cacao); and, far as the eye can reach, I see glancing gaily in the sun the green spears and golden tassels144 of the sugar-cane.
Interesting is the aspect of the tropical forest. Not less so is that of the tropical field.
I ride onward and inward into the land. I am gradually ascending145 from the sea-level. I no longer travel upon horizontal paths, but over hills and steep ridges, across deep valleys and ravines. The hoof146 of my horse no longer sinks in light sand or dark alluvion. It rings upon rocks of amygdaloid and porphyry. The soil is changed; the scenery has undergone a change, and even the atmosphere that surrounds me. The last is perceptibly cooler, but not yet cold. I am still in the piedmont lands—the tierras calientes. The templadas are yet far higher. I am only a thousand yards or so above sea-level. I am in the “foot-hills” of the Northern Andes.
How sudden is this change! It is less than an hour since I parted from the plains below, and yet the surface-aspect around me is like that of another land. I halt in a wild spot, and survey it with eyes that wander and wonder. The leaf is less broad, the foliage less dense147, the jungle more open. There are ridges whose sides are nearly naked of tree-timber. The palms have disappeared, but in their place grow kindred forms that in many respects resemble them. They are, in fact, the palms of the mountains. I behold the great palmetto (Chamcerops), with its fan-like fronds standing148 out upon long petioles from its lofty summit; the yuccas, with their bayonet-shaped leaves, ungraceful, but picturesque, with ponderous149 clusters of green and pulpy150 capsules. I behold the pita aloe, with its tall flower-stalk and thorny sun-scorched151 leaves. I behold strange forms of the cactus152, with their glorious wax-like blossoms; the cochineal, the tuna, the opuntias—the great tree-cactus “Foconoztle” (Opuntia arborescens), and the tall “pitahaya” (Cereus giganteus), with columnar shafts153 and straight upright arms, like the branches of gigantic candelabra; the echino-cacti, too—those huge mammals of the vegetable world, resting their globular or egg-shaped forms, without trunk or stalk, upon the surface of the earth.
There, too, I behold gigantic thistles (cardonales) and mimosas, both shrubby154 and arborescent—the tree-mimosa, and the sensitive-plant (Mimosa frutescens), that shrinks at my approach, and closes its delicate leaflets until I have passed out of sight. This is the favourite land of the acacia; and immense tracts155, covered with its various species, form impenetrable thickets156 (chapparals). I distinguish in these thickets the honey-locust, with its long purple legumes, the “algarobo” (carob-tree), and the thorny “mezquite”; and, rising over all the rest, I descry157 the tall, slender stem of the Fouquiera splendens, with panicles of cube-shaped crimson158 flowers.
There is less of animal life here; but even these wild ridges have their denizens. The cochineal insect crawls upon the cactus leaf, and huge winged ants build their clay nests upon the branches of the acacia-tree. The ant-bear squats159 upon the ground, and projects his glutinous160 tongue over the beaten highway, where the busy insects rob the mimosse of their aromatic161 leaves. The armadillo, with his bands and rhomboidal scales, takes refuge in the dry recesses162 of the rocks, or, clewing himself up, rolls over the cliff to escape his pursuer. Herds163 of cattle, half wild, roam through the glassy glades or over the tufted ridges, lowing for water; and black vultures (zopilotes) sail through the cloudless heavens, waiting for some scene of death to be enacted164 in the thickets below.
Here, too, I pass through scenes of cultivation165. Here is the hut of the peon and the rancho of the small proprietor166; but they are structures of a more substantial kind than in the region of the palm. They are of stone. Here, too, is the hacienda, with its low white walls and prison-like windows; and the pueblita, with its church and cross and gaily-painted steeple. Here the Indian corn takes the place of the sugarcane, and I ride through wide fields of the broad-leafed tobacco-plant. Here grow the jalap and the guaiacum, the sweet-scented sassafras and the sanitary167 copaiba.
I ride onward, climbing steep ridges and descending168 into chasms (barrancas) that yawn deeply and gloomily. Many of these are thousands of feet in depth; and the road that enables me to reach their bottoms is often no more than a narrow ledge169 of the impending cliff, running terrace-like over a foaming170 torrent171.
Still onward and upward I go, until the “foot-hills” are passed, and I enter a defile172 of the mountains themselves—a pass of the Mexican Andes.
I ride through, under the shadow of dark forests and rocks of blue porphyry. I emerge upon the other side of the sierra. A new scene opens before my eyes—a scene of such soft loveliness that I suddenly rein173 up my horse, and gaze upon it with mingled174 feelings of admiration175 and astonishment176. I am looking upon one of the “valles” of Mexico, those great table-plains that lie within the Cordilleras of the Andes, thousands of feet above ocean-level, and, along with these mountains, stretching from the tropic almost to the shores of the Arctic Sea.
The plain before me is level, as though its surface were liquid. I see mountains bounding it on all sides; but there are passes through them that lead into other plains (valus). These mountains have no foot-hills. They stand up directly from the plain itself, sometimes with sloping conical sides—sometimes in precipitous cliffs.
I ride into the plain and survey its features. There is no resemblance to the land I have left—the tierra caliente. I am now in the tierra templada. New objects present themselves—a new aspect is before, a new atmosphere around me. The air is colder, but it is only the temperature of spring. To me it feels chilly177, coming so lately from the hot lands below; and I fold my cloak closely around me, and ride on.
The view is open, for the valu is almost treeless. The scene is no longer wild. The earth has a cultivated aspect—an aspect of civilisation: for these high plateaux—the tierras templadas—are the seat of Mexican civilisation. Here are the towns—the great cities, with their rich cathedrals and convents—here dwells the bulk of the population. Here the rancho is built of unburnt bricks (adobe’s)—a mud cabin, often inclosed by hedges of the columnar cactus. Here are whole villages of such huts, inhabited by the dark-skinned descendants of the ancient Aztecs.
Fertile fields are around me. I behold the maguey of culture (Agave Americana), in all its giant proportions. The lance-like blades of the zea maize178 wave with a rich rustling179 in the breeze, for here that beautiful plant grows in its greatest luxuriance. Immense plains are covered with wheat, with capsicum, and the Spanish bean (frijoles). My eyes are gladdened by the sight of roses climbing along the wall or twining the portal. Here, too, the potato (Solanum tuberosum) flourishes in its native soil; the pear and the pomegranate, the quince and the apple, are seen in the orchard140; and the cereals of the temperate180 zone grow side by side with the Cucurbitacece of the tropics.
I pass from one valu into another, by crossing a low ridge of the dividing mountains. Mark the change! A surface of green is before me, reaching on all sides to the mountain foot; and upon this roam countless181 herds, tended by mounted “vaqueros” (herdsmen).
I pass another ridge, and another valid182 stretches before me. Again a change! A desert of sand, over the surface of which move tall dun columns of swirling183 dust, like the gigantic phantoms184 of some spirit-world. I look into another valle, and behold shining waters—lakes like inland seas—with sedgy shores and surrounded by green savannas185, and vast swamps covered with reeds and “tulares” (bulrush).
Still another plain, black with lava186 and the scoriae of extinct volcanoes—black, treeless, and herbless—with not an atom of organic matter upon its desolate187 surface.
Such are the features of the plateau-land—varied, and vast, and full of wild interest.
I leave it and climb higher—nearer to the sky—up the steep sides of the Cordilleras—up to the tierra fria.
I stand ten thousand feet above the level of the ocean. I am under the deep shadows of a forest. Huge trunks grow around me, hindering a distant view. Where am I? Not in the tropic, surely, for these trees are of a northern sylva. I recognise the gnarled limbs and lobed leaves of the oak, the silvery branches of the mountain-ash, the cones and needles of the pine. The wind, as it swirls188 among the dead leaves, causes me to shiver; and high up among the twigs189 there is the music of winter in its moaning. Yet I am in the torrid zone; and the same sun that now glances coldly through the boughs190 of the oak, but a few hours before scorched me as it glistened191 from the fronds of the palm-tree.
The forest opens, and I behold hills under culture—fields of hemp192 and flax, and the hardy193 cereals of the frigid194 zone. The rancho of the husbandman is a log cabin, with shingled195 roof and long projecting eaves, unlike the dwellings196 either of the great valus or the tierras calientes. I pass the smoking pits of the “carbonero”, and I meet the “arriero” with his “atajo” of mules197 heavily laden198 with ice of the glaciers199. They are passing with their cargoes200, to cool the wine-cups in the great cities of the plains.
Upward and upward! The oak is left behind, and the pine grows stunted and dwarfish201. The wind blows colder and colder. A wintry aspect is around me.
Upward still. The pine disappears. No vegetable form is seen save the mosses202 and lichens203 that cling to the rocks, as within the Arctic Circle. I am on the selvage of the snow—the eternal snow. I walk upon glaciers, and through their translucent mass I behold the lichens growing beneath.
The scene is bleak204 and desolate, and I am chilled to the marrow205 of my bones.
Excelsior! excelsior! The highest point is not yet reached. Through drifts of snow and over fields of ice, up steep ledges206, along the slippery escarpment that overhangs the giddy abysm, with wearied knees, and panting breath, and frozen fingers, onward and upward I go. Ha! I have won the goal. I am on the summit!
I stand on the “cumbre” of Orizava—the mountain of the “burning star”—more than three miles above the ocean level. My face is turned to the east, and I look downward. The snow, the cincture of lichens and naked rocks, the dark belt of pines, the lighter207 foliage of the oaks, the fields of barley208, the waving maize, the thickets of yucca and acacia trees, the palm forest, the shore, the sea itself with its azure waves—all these at a single vision! From the summit of Orizava to the shores of the Mexican Sea, I glance through every gradation of the thermal209 line. I am looking, as it were, from the pole to the equator!
I am alone. My brain is giddy. My pulse vibrates irregularly, and my heart beats with an audible distinctness. I am oppressed with a sense of my own nothingness—an atom, almost invisible, upon the breast of the mighty earth.
I gaze and listen. I see, but I hear not. Here is sight, but no sound. Around me reigns210 an awful stillness—the sublime silence of the Omnipotent211, who alone is here.
Hark! the silence is broken! Was it the rumbling of thunder? No. It was the crash of the falling avalanche212. I tremble at its voice. It is the voice of the Invisible—the whisper of a God!
I tremble and worship.
Reader, could you thus stand upon the summit of Orizava, and look down to the shores of the Mexican Gulf, you would have before you, as on a map, the scene of our “adventures.”
Note 1. Anahuac is Mexico.
Note 2. Jornada is a day’s journey.
Note 3. Pescador is a fisherman.
Note 4. Vomito is yellow-fever.
Note 5. Mexico is divided into three regions, known as the “hot” (caliente), “temperate” (templada), and “cold” (fria).
Note 6. Carbonero is charcoal-burner.
Note 7. Arriero is mule-driver.
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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sapphire
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| n.青玉，蓝宝石；adj.天蓝色的 | |
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skulking
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| v.潜伏，偷偷摸摸地走动，鬼鬼祟祟地活动( skulk的现在分词 ) | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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apprentice
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| n.学徒，徒弟 | |
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raven
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| n.渡鸟，乌鸦；adj.乌亮的 | |
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plumed
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| 饰有羽毛的 | |
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roe
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| n.鱼卵；獐鹿 | |
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poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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westward
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| n.西方，西部；adj.西方的，向西的；adv.向西 | |
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debark
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| v.卸载；下船，下飞机，下车 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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untold
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| adj.数不清的，无数的 | |
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gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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17
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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18
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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19
rim
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| n.(圆物的)边，轮缘；边界 | |
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20
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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21
steer
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| vt.驾驶，为…操舵；引导；vi.驾驶 | |
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22
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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23
varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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24
abounding
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| adj.丰富的，大量的v.大量存在，充满，富于( abound的现在分词 ) | |
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25
tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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26
adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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27
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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28
canopy
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| n.天篷，遮篷 | |
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29
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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30
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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31
wavy
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| adj.有波浪的，多浪的，波浪状的，波动的，不稳定的 | |
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32
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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33
portray
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| v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等) | |
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34
sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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35
sketches
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| n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概 | |
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36
panoramic
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| adj. 全景的 | |
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37
gulf
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| n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂 | |
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38
translucent
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| adj.半透明的；透明的 | |
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39
azure
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| adj.天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的 | |
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40
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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41
crested
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| adj.有顶饰的，有纹章的，有冠毛的v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的过去式和过去分词 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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42
eastward
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| adv.向东；adj.向东的；n.东方，东部 | |
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43
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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44
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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45
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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46
lone
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| adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的 | |
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47
cove
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| n.小海湾，小峡谷 | |
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48
prosper
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| v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣 | |
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49
looms
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| n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近 | |
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50
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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51
bulwarks
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| n.堡垒( bulwark的名词复数 )；保障；支柱；舷墙 | |
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52
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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53
glistening
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| adj.闪耀的，反光的v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的现在分词 ) | |
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54
plunge
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| v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲 | |
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55
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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56
turquoise
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| n.绿宝石；adj.蓝绿色的 | |
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57
nourishment
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| n.食物，营养品；营养情况 | |
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58
inorganic
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| adj.无生物的；无机的 | |
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59
cones
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| n.（人眼）圆锥细胞；圆锥体( cone的名词复数 )；球果；圆锥形东西；（盛冰淇淋的）锥形蛋卷筒 | |
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60
domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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61
craters
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| n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等 | |
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62
swirl
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| v.(使)打漩，(使)涡卷；n.漩涡，螺旋形 | |
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63
chasm
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| n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突 | |
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64
chasms
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| 裂缝( chasm的名词复数 )； 裂口； 分歧； 差别 | |
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65
vertical
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| adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置 | |
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66
impending
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| a.imminent, about to come or happen | |
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67
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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68
gorges
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| n.山峡，峡谷( gorge的名词复数 )；咽喉v.（用食物把自己）塞饱，填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 )；作呕 | |
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69
rumbling
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| n. 隆隆声, 辘辘声 adj. 隆隆响的 动词rumble的现在分词 | |
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70
portends
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| v.预示( portend的第三人称单数 )；预兆；给…以警告；预告 | |
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71
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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72
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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73
blistered
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| adj.水疮状的，泡状的v.（使）起水泡( blister的过去式和过去分词 )；（使表皮等）涨破，爆裂 | |
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74
baneful
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| adj.有害的 | |
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75
aisles
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| n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊 | |
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76
frondage
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| n.叶，茂盛的叶；叶丛；叶簇 | |
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77
revels
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| n.作乐( revel的名词复数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉v.作乐( revel的第三人称单数 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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78
penetrates
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| v.穿过( penetrate的第三人称单数 )；刺入；了解；渗透 | |
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79
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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80
flora
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| n.(某一地区的)植物群 | |
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81
fronds
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| n.蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子( frond的名词复数 ) | |
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82
stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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83
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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84
outwards
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|
| adj.外面的，公开的，向外的；adv.向外；n.外形 | |
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85
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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86
distilling
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| n.蒸馏（作用）v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )( distilled的过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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87
resinous
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|
| adj.树脂的，树脂质的，树脂制的 | |
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88
thorny
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| adj.多刺的，棘手的 | |
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89
lobed
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| adj.浅裂的，叶状的 | |
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90
picturesqueness
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91
pulp
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| n.果肉，纸浆；v.化成纸浆，除去...果肉，制成纸浆 | |
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92
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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93
knotty
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| adj.有结的，多节的，多瘤的，棘手的 | |
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94
foliage
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| n.叶子，树叶，簇叶 | |
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95
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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96
gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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97
toucans
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| n.巨嘴鸟，犀鸟( toucan的名词复数 ) | |
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98
vistas
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| 长条形景色( vista的名词复数 )； 回顾； 展望； （未来可能发生的）一系列情景 | |
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99
clarion
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| n.尖音小号声；尖音小号 | |
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100
basking
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| v.晒太阳，取暖( bask的现在分词 )；对…感到乐趣；因他人的功绩而出名；仰仗…的余泽 | |
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101
glades
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| n.林中空地( glade的名词复数 ) | |
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102
metallic
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| adj.金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的 | |
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103
lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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104
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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105
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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106
sluggish
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| adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的 | |
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107
iguana
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| n.美洲大蜥蜴，鬣鳞蜥 | |
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108
lizard
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| n.蜥蜴，壁虎 | |
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109
scuttles
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| n.天窗( scuttle的名词复数 )v.使船沉没( scuttle的第三人称单数 )；快跑，急走 | |
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110
corrugated
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| adj.波纹的；缩成皱纹的；波纹面的；波纹状的v.（使某物）起皱褶(corrugate的过去式和过去分词) | |
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111
glides
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| n.滑行( glide的名词复数 )；滑音；音渡；过渡音v.滑动( glide的第三人称单数 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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112
chameleon
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| n.变色龙，蜥蜴；善变之人 | |
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113
sluggishly
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| adv.懒惰地；缓慢地 | |
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114
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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115
ferocious
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| adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的 | |
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116
jaguar
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| n.美洲虎 | |
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117
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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118
tawny
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| adj.茶色的，黄褐色的；n.黄褐色 | |
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119
crouched
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| v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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120
prudently
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| adv. 谨慎地，慎重地 | |
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121
gaily
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| adv.欢乐地，高兴地 | |
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122
owl
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| n.猫头鹰，枭 | |
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123
vampire
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| n.吸血鬼 | |
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124
cougar
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| n.美洲狮；美洲豹 | |
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125
hoarser
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| （指声音）粗哑的，嘶哑的( hoarse的比较级 ) | |
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126
croaking
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| v.呱呱地叫( croak的现在分词 )；用粗的声音说 | |
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127
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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128
tinkling
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| n.丁当作响声 | |
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129
aroma
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| n.香气，芬芳，芳香 | |
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130
skunk
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| n.臭鼬，黄鼠狼；v.使惨败，使得零分；烂醉如泥 | |
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131
denizens
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| n.居民，住户( denizen的名词复数 ) | |
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132
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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133
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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134
joyful
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| adj.欢乐的，令人欢欣的 | |
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135
stunted
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| adj.矮小的；发育迟缓的 | |
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136
meandering
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| 蜿蜒的河流，漫步，聊天 | |
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137
clumps
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| n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声 | |
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138
majestic
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| adj.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，威严的，崇高的 | |
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139
orchards
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| （通常指围起来的）果园( orchard的名词复数 ) | |
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140
orchard
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| n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场 | |
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141
luscious
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| adj.美味的；芬芳的；肉感的，引与性欲的 | |
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142
vanilla
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| n.香子兰，香草 | |
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143
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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144
tassels
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| n.穗( tassel的名词复数 )；流苏状物；（植物的）穗；玉蜀黍的穗状雄花v.抽穗， （玉米）长穗须( tassel的第三人称单数 )；使抽穗， （为了使作物茁壮生长）摘去穗状雄花；用流苏装饰 | |
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145
ascending
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| adj.上升的，向上的 | |
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146
hoof
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| n.(马，牛等的)蹄 | |
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147
dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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148
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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149
ponderous
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| adj.沉重的，笨重的，(文章)冗长的 | |
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150
pulpy
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| 果肉状的，多汁的，柔软的； 烂糊； 稀烂 | |
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151
scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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152
cactus
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| n.仙人掌 | |
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153
shafts
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| n.轴( shaft的名词复数 )；（箭、高尔夫球棒等的）杆；通风井；一阵（疼痛、害怕等） | |
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154
shrubby
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| adj.灌木的，灌木一般的，灌木繁茂著的 | |
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155
tracts
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| 大片土地( tract的名词复数 )； 地带； （体内的）道； （尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文 | |
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156
thickets
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| n.灌木丛( thicket的名词复数 )；丛状物 | |
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157
descry
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| v.远远看到；发现；责备 | |
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158
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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159
squats
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| n.蹲坐，蹲姿( squat的名词复数 )；被擅自占用的建筑物v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的第三人称单数 )；非法擅自占用（土地或房屋）；为获得其所有权；而占用某片公共用地。 | |
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160
glutinous
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| adj.粘的，胶状的 | |
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161
aromatic
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| adj.芳香的，有香味的 | |
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162
recesses
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| n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭 | |
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163
herds
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| 兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众 | |
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164
enacted
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| 制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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165
cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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166
proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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167
sanitary
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| adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的 | |
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168
descending
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| n. 下行 adj. 下降的 | |
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169
ledge
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| n.壁架，架状突出物；岩架，岩礁 | |
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170
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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171
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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172
defile
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| v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道 | |
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173
rein
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| n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治 | |
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174
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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175
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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176
astonishment
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| n.惊奇，惊异 | |
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177
chilly
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| adj.凉快的，寒冷的 | |
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178
maize
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| n.玉米 | |
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179
rustling
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| n. 瑟瑟声，沙沙声 adj. 发沙沙声的 | |
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180
temperate
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| adj.温和的，温带的，自我克制的，不过分的 | |
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181
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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182
valid
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| adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的 | |
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183
swirling
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| v.旋转，打旋( swirl的现在分词 ) | |
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184
phantoms
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| n.鬼怪，幽灵( phantom的名词复数 ) | |
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185
savannas
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| n.（美国东南部的）无树平原( savanna的名词复数 )；（亚）热带的稀树大草原 | |
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186
lava
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| n.熔岩，火山岩 | |
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187
desolate
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| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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188
swirls
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| n.旋转( swirl的名词复数 )；卷状物；漩涡；尘旋v.旋转，打旋( swirl的第三人称单数 ) | |
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189
twigs
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| 细枝，嫩枝( twig的名词复数 ) | |
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190
boughs
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| 大树枝( bough的名词复数 ) | |
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191
glistened
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| v.湿物闪耀，闪亮( glisten的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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192
hemp
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| n.大麻；纤维 | |
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193
hardy
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| adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的 | |
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194
frigid
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| adj.寒冷的，凛冽的；冷淡的；拘禁的 | |
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195
shingled
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| adj.盖木瓦的；贴有墙面板的v.用木瓦盖(shingle的过去式和过去分词形式) | |
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196
dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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197
mules
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| 骡( mule的名词复数 )； 拖鞋； 顽固的人； 越境运毒者 | |
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198
laden
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| adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的 | |
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199
glaciers
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| 冰河，冰川( glacier的名词复数 ) | |
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200
cargoes
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| n.（船或飞机装载的）货物( cargo的名词复数 )；大量，重负 | |
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201
dwarfish
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| a.像侏儒的，矮小的 | |
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202
mosses
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| n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式 | |
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203
lichens
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| n.地衣( lichen的名词复数 ) | |
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204
bleak
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| adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的 | |
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205
marrow
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| n.骨髓；精华；活力 | |
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206
ledges
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| n.（墙壁，悬崖等）突出的狭长部分( ledge的名词复数 )；（平窄的）壁架；横档；（尤指）窗台 | |
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207
lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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208
barley
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| n.大麦，大麦粒 | |
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209
thermal
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| adj.热的，由热造成的；保暖的 | |
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210
reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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211
omnipotent
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| adj.全能的，万能的 | |
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212
avalanche
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| n.雪崩，大量涌来 | |
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