Early the next morning the party were conveyed to the river, where they embarked1 in a steam-yacht which had been provided for their use. It was more than a launch; for its standing-room would seat the whole company, while an awning3 was spread over a portion of the upper deck, from which a full view of the shore could be obtained. The city is on the north shore of the river, which has an easterly course in this portion of India, and the houses are packed in about as thickly as they can be.
"This is the Dasasvamedh Ghat," said Sir Modava, with a smile. "I thought you might wish to recall it after you get home to America. I think it is rather pleasant to know the names of places one has visited."
"We could not speak the word now without an hour's practice, and I am sure not one of us will know it when we get to the other side of the Atlantic," said Mrs. Belgrave.
"You can write it down in your diaries."
"We might as well attempt to copy the top of a tea-chest," added Louis.
The ladies were assisted on board of the steamer. The captain was a very gentlemanly Englishman; and he was all devotion to the wants of his passengers, who seated themselves on the promenade4 deck. The steamer belonged to the government; and she was fitted up in the most comfortable manner, though it was not so gaudy5 as the craft of a maharajah would have been. The ghat was at the western extremity6 of the crescent to which Sir Modava had alluded7, and from this point the town looked like an amphitheatre.
The river is ordinarily about half a mile wide, but in the season of high water it is double that width. The captain called the attention of the party to the ghat as they receded8 from it, the broad flight of stairs being a rather wonderful sight to the strangers, though they had seen something of the kind before in Delhi and Cawnpore.
The steps are adorned9 with small temples with plenty of spires11. Near the top of the flight was the Man Munder, the great observatory12. Though the building is plain, as a whole, Captain Carlisle pointed13 out a highly ornamental14 window, with a profusion15 of handsome brackets. The stairs on the city side of the river were unlimited16 as far as the eye could see. Behind them was a forest of spires, domes17, and cupolas.
"You ought to have left the ghat before sunrise," said the captain, who was walking up and down the deck, with an eye on the Hindu pilot. "Then you would have been in time to see the sight of the day, for the appearance of the sun is the holy moment for the natives to plunge18 into the holy river. For miles along the shore the ghats are thronged19 at the first appearance of the orb20 of day, and there is a continuous murmur21 of voices. No matter how cold the water is, they dive in and swim like fishes. You can see a thousand heads in the water along the shore at any moment. Then they support themselves on the surface, and gaze motionless at the sun as it mounts in the sky."
"Are you a sailor, Captain Carlisle?" asked Louis, who thought he was rather poetic22 for an uneducated man.
"Not as the commander of your ship would understand it, though I was in command of a Thames steamer, and fell into the same business when I came to India," replied the captain, laughing at the question. "My father was a good Baptist; he wanted to make a minister of me, and I was educated far enough to enter the university; but I concluded that I did not like the business, and took to steamboating."
"But aren't the women as religious as the men?" inquired Captain Ringgold.
"More so, if anything. But they come down to the river before sunrise and take their swim. If you had been here this morning you would have seen them coming out of the water just as the men are ready to go in, and you would have observed them in their white garments, dripping like drowned rats. That pagoda23 you see ahead of us with the bell tower and shining in gilt24 is the only temple the Buddhists25 have in Benares."
"We are coming now to the Munikurnika Ghat. It is a five-syllable word, but you can easily pronounce it," said Sir Modava, who thought he would "spell" the captain for a time; and he was quite as familiar with the banks of the Ganges.
"And it is quite musical," added the captain.
"Pronounce u like double o, and the rest of the letters as in English, and you can speak it without choking," said the Hindu gentleman. "But there are some letters in Hindu that have no equivalents in English."
"Moo-ui-koor-ni-ka Ghat," added Louis, pronouncing the word. "But what is it all about?"
"It is the place for burning the dead, such as you saw in Bombay, but on a much larger scale," replied Sir Modava. "You see that it extends a considerable distance. Please keep to the leeward26 of the smoke, Captain Carlisle."
"That is what I am doing, Sir Modava."
"These funeral pyres are burning all the time, night and day. The people whose bodies are consumed in these fires, and their friends, believe that the souls of the deceased will pass from this spot into paradise, where, if they have not been very great sinners they will be transplanted into the bodies of future Brahmins. Many deceased persons are brought even hundreds of miles to be burned on the Munikurnika by the Ganges, as their sure passport to the realms of bliss27."
The obliging captain took the steamer near enough to the ghat to enable the tourists to see the process of burning. An occasional puff28 of the horribly offensive odor came to the nostrils29 of the sightseers; but the captain sheered off, and they got very little of it.
"It smells just like assafoedita. It is awful-smelling stuff; and I wonder if they don't make it out of this smoke, for it hits my nose in just the same way," said Mrs. Blossom. "I took care of old Jotham Beeling when he had the apoplexy, and gave the stuff to him. The room smelt30 then just the same as it does here."
"You are quite right, madam," said Dr. Hawkes, laughing. "It gets part of its name from its bad odor; but it is not made out of smoke. Asa is the gum of a tree that grows here. It has a very offensive odor, which gives it the rest of the name, from foeditas, meaning foul31, filthy32."
The workmen who were operating the burning were nearly naked, begrimed by the sooty smoke, and looked like so many imps33. They were stirring up the fires with long iron pokers34, and throwing vessels35 of oil upon them. The boat passed beyond the fumes36 of the pyres, and came up to the ghat, at the request of Lord Tremlyn. A multitude of hideous-looking cripples, humpbacks, and beggars made an onslaught on the steamer; and the boys and gentlemen pelted37 them with coppers38, with which they had been forewarned to supply themselves. It was fun to them, and the mendicants enjoyed it quite as much.
"There is a procession of pilgrims just arrived," said Captain Carlisle, pointing to the high ground beyond the ghat. "They are coming here all the time. The Hindus under the umbrellas are Brahmins, who collect the fees for bathing from the steps; and they sell certificates of purification, indulgences, and amulets39."
The boat continued on her course, and they did not wait to see the bathing, though the heads of the swimmers were soon in view. A staircase is reserved for women, who are watched over by the elders of their sex. But they could be seen in the distance, frolicking in the water; and they were so hilarious40 that their shouts could be heard on board of the Sylph, as the boat was called.
The steamer next came to a long row of palaces on the high ground, whose fronts were profusely41 ornamented42 with staircases that exceeded in extent and beauty anything they had before seen. Every rajah has a residence here, not permanent, but where he comes to celebrate the religious festivals. The king of Nagpore has the finest one, with one hundred stairs of white sandstone reaching down to the water.
"Now we come to a building worth looking at," said Sir Modava, as they passed beyond the assemblage of palaces. "This is the mosque43 of Aurungzeb. Those two lofty minarets44 are one hundred and forty-seven feet high. They are very slender, and look like a couple of needles; but, though they are only eight and a quarter feet in diameter on the ground, they have spiral staircases reaching to the top. If you wish to land and go to the cupola you can do so."
"I pray thee have me excused," interposed Uncle Moses; and Dr. Hawkes said "Me too!" And no one cared to ascend45 to such a height.
"This mosque was built by the Emperor Aurungzeb, on the site of a Hindu temple of Siva, which he caused to be pulled down, to the scandal of the worshippers of that deity46, for it marked the spot where Vishnu himself first appeared to man. A flight of one hundred stairs leads to the mosque, which the Hindus formerly47 ascended48 on their knees when they went to the worship of Vishnu. But we have gone as far in this direction as we need go."
The Sylph came about, and went back up the river, landing above the funeral pyres. From the ghat, they walked into one of the crowded streets. They were conducted by Sir Modava to a square, which was thronged with natives. In the middle of it was a small round temple, the spire10 of which was overlaid with plates of gold. At the present day this is the holy of holies of the Hindus. Its principal object of adoration49 is a plain stone post, which is believed to form a part of the very body of the deity, Siva in this instance.
The narrow streets, through which the party made their way with difficulty were very clean. They were thronged with pilgrims from all parts of India, dressed in their best garments, loaded with gold and silver ornaments50. The men were carrying great brass51 trays, piled up with flowers, as offerings for the various deities52. The little stalls, which were the stores, made the thoroughfares look like bazaars53. They passed no end of temples; and all of them were small, though they were very pretty, what there were of them.
Emerging from these narrow streets, the company came to a section where the avenues were broad, with handsome houses built upon them. This portion was practicable for carriages, and half a dozen culèches were drummed together after some delay; and the ladies were glad to be seated again, for they had had a long and tiresome54 walk through the narrow and crowded streets. Sir Modava directed the drivers, and when he said Dourga Khound no one knew what he was to see next. The word means the Fountain of Dourga; and when they came to it they agreed that it was one of the most beautiful buildings in Benares, though it was painted all over with red, which made it look rather fantastic.
Sir Modava said nothing about the use of the building, and led the way into the enclosure. The moment they entered the grounds they realized that the Hindu gentleman had worked a surprise upon them; for the yard was filled with monkeys, and the walls were covered with them. The chattering55 creatures immediately surrounded them, holding out their paws for something. Sir Modava gave the most dignified56 one a rupee, and Lord Tremlyn made a similar gift to another.
"They can't eat silver," suggested Morris.
"The money is for the Brahmin who has charge here. You see they have gone to give it to him," replied Sir Modava, as he opened a large paper package he had bought at a store, and proceeded to distribute its contents, consisting of nuts and parched57 corn, to the members of the monkey community.
For half an hour they fed the animals, which were very tame, and made friends with them. The live boys were more pleased with this occupation than in looking at temples and mosques58. They all visited the sanctuary59 of the temple, which was said to date back a thousand years. The party greatly enjoyed the ride back to Secrole, which is the English town of Benares. After dinner Sir Modava told them about the Feast of Ganesa.
"He is one of the most popular deities of India," said the Hindu gentleman. "He is the embodiment of wisdom, prudence60, and commerce; his presence wards61 off all perils62. You will find him over the door of places of business; and contracts open with an invocation to Ganesa, sometimes given by a picture of the god. He was the son of Siva and Parvati. His picture is that of a short, fat man, with four arms and an elephant's head.
"Though he was Siva's son, the father was jealous of him, and struck off his head. Siva was sorry for what he had done, and wanted to bring Ganesa back to life; but his head was gone."
"Couldn't he put a head on him?" asked Scott very seriously; and the other boys laughed.
"That was just what he did," replied Sir Modava, wondering what the boys and some of the others were laughing at. "Siva selected a young elephant, cut off his head, and affixed63 it to his son's shoulders; and that is how he happens to have such a head. This head sometimes takes the place of the whole figure on contracts. His festival is celebrated64 the last of April, with the greatest magnificence. Effigies65 of the god are made of terra-cotta, painted and gilded66, and borne by processions through the streets. Priests and musicians surround the idol67; and young girls, widowed before they are wives, dancing and waving their scarfs in solemn cadence68, lead the way.
"When the processions reach the river, they embark2 in fairy-like boats propelled by sails or oars69, forming a grand aquatic70 spectacle. At sunset the idols71 are thrown into the river, and the festival terminates with a grand frolic on shore, with fireworks, in which many Europeans take part; and the river is thronged with boats decorated with many-colored lanterns."
The party spent two days more at Benares, and visited temples, mosques, and many places of interest. They were visited by British civil and military officers, who were extremely kind to them, and offered them every facility for seeing the city. After dinner on the last day, Captain Ringgold asked Lord Tremlyn to tell them something about Patna; and he evidently did so with a purpose.
"Patna is the fifteenth city in India in population, one hundred and forty miles from Benares," replied the viscount. "It extends nine miles along the Ganges, and an average of two back from it. The streets are narrow and crooked72. The houses are mostly of mean appearance, and there are but very few buildings there of any importance. You laid out your list of cities to be visited yourself, Captain, and generally very judiciously73; but if I had made it out I should have omitted Patna. It has a population of about one hundred and sixty-five thousand."
"I asked the question with a view to omit it from the list if there are no sights of importance, and, after what you have said, I shall do so; and tomorrow we will take the train for Calcutta," added the captain.
This decision pleased the party, and at six the next morning the special started with them for the greatest city of India.
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1
embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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embark
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| vi.乘船，着手，从事，上飞机 | |
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awning
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| n.遮阳篷；雨篷 | |
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promenade
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| n./v.散步 | |
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gaudy
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| adj.华而不实的；俗丽的 | |
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extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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receded
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| v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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spire
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| n.(教堂)尖顶，尖塔，高点 | |
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spires
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| n.（教堂的） 塔尖，尖顶( spire的名词复数 ) | |
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observatory
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| n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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ornamental
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| adj.装饰的；作装饰用的；n.装饰品；观赏植物 | |
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profusion
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| n.挥霍；丰富 | |
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unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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plunge
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| v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲 | |
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thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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orb
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| n.太阳；星球；v.弄圆；成球形 | |
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murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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pagoda
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| n.宝塔（尤指印度和远东的多层宝塔），（印度教或佛教的）塔式庙宇 | |
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gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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Buddhists
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| n.佛教徒( Buddhist的名词复数 ) | |
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leeward
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| adj.背风的；下风的 | |
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bliss
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| n.狂喜，福佑，天赐的福 | |
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puff
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| n.一口(气)；一阵(风)；v.喷气，喘气 | |
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nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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smelt
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| v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼 | |
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foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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filthy
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| adj.卑劣的；恶劣的，肮脏的 | |
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imps
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| n.（故事中的）小恶魔( imp的名词复数 )；小魔鬼；小淘气；顽童 | |
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pokers
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| n.拨火铁棒( poker的名词复数 )；纸牌；扑克；（通常指人）（坐或站得）直挺挺的 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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pelted
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| （连续地）投掷( pelt的过去式和过去分词 )； 连续抨击； 攻击； 剥去…的皮 | |
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coppers
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| 铜( copper的名词复数 )； 铜币 | |
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amulets
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| n.护身符( amulet的名词复数 ) | |
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hilarious
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| adj.充满笑声的，欢闹的；[反]depressed | |
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profusely
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| ad.abundantly | |
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ornamented
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| adj.花式字体的v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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43
mosque
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| n.清真寺 | |
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44
minarets
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| n.（清真寺旁由报告祈祷时刻的人使用的）光塔( minaret的名词复数 ) | |
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45
ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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46
deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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48
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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49
adoration
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| n.爱慕，崇拜 | |
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50
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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51
brass
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| n.黄铜；黄铜器，铜管乐器 | |
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52
deities
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| n.神，女神( deity的名词复数 )；神祗；神灵；神明 | |
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bazaars
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| （东方国家的）市场( bazaar的名词复数 )； 义卖； 义卖市场； （出售花哨商品等的）小商品市场 | |
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54
tiresome
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| adj.令人疲劳的，令人厌倦的 | |
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chattering
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| n. （机器振动发出的）咔嗒声，(鸟等)鸣，啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的，啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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56
dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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parched
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| adj.焦干的；极渴的；v.（使）焦干 | |
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mosques
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| 清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 ) | |
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sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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wards
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| 区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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affixed
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| adj.[医]附着的，附着的v.附加( affix的过去式和过去分词 )；粘贴；加以；盖（印章） | |
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celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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effigies
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| n.（人的）雕像，模拟像，肖像( effigy的名词复数 ) | |
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gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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idol
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| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
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cadence
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| n.（说话声调的）抑扬顿挫 | |
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69
oars
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| n.桨，橹( oar的名词复数 )；划手v.划（行）( oar的第三人称单数 ) | |
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70
aquatic
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| adj.水生的，水栖的 | |
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71
idols
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| 偶像( idol的名词复数 )； 受崇拜的人或物； 受到热爱和崇拜的人或物； 神像 | |
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72
crooked
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| adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的 | |
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73
judiciously
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| adv.明断地，明智而审慎地 | |
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