“Soon after the tournament we began to fight again with Scotland. For some years we had had peace with that country, and under the regency a marriage was made between David, King of Scotland, son of Robert the Bruce, and the Princess Joan, sister to our king, and a four years' truce3 was agreed to.”
“But why should we always be fighting with Scotland?” Walter asked.
“That is more than I can tell you, Walter. We were peaceful enough with them until the days of Edward I; but he set up some claim to the throne of Scotland, the rights of which neither I nor anyone else, so far as I know, have ever been able to make out. The fact was he was strong, and thought that he could conquer Scotland. The quarrels between her nobles—most of them were allied5 by blood with our own and held possessions in both kingdoms—gave Edward an excuse to interfere6. Scotland was conquered easily enough, but it was a hard task to hold it. Sir William Wallace kept the country in a turmoil7 for many years, being joined by all the common people. He inflicted8 one heavy defeat upon us at Stirling, but receiving no support from the nobles he was defeated at Falkirk, and some years afterwards was captured and executed here. His head you may see any day over London Bridge. As he fought only for his country and had ever refused allegiance to our king, it seems to me that his fate was a cruel one. Then when all appeared quiet, Robert Bruce raised Scotland again, and was crowned king. There was war for many years, but at last, at Bannockburn he inflicted such a defeat upon us as we have never had before. After that there were skirmishes and excursions, but Edward II was a weak prince, and it seemed that the marriage of David and the Princess Joan would bring about a permanent peace between the two countries; but it was not to be so.”
“Many of the English nobles held claims by marriage or grants upon lands in Scotland. They had, of course, been driven from these when the English were turned out by Bruce. By the terms of the marriage treaty in 1328 it was agreed that they should be reinstated. It was a foolish clause, because it was plain that the King of Scotland could not take these lands again from the Scotch10 nobles who had possession of them, many of them being well-nigh as powerful as himself. At this time Edward Baliol, son of the great rival of Robert Bruce, was in England. He still claimed the throne of Scotland as his right. Round him gathered a number of the English nobles who claimed lands in Scotland. The king offered no hindrance11 to the gathering12 of this force, for I doubt not that he was glad to see dissension in Scotland, which might give him some such pretext13 for interference as that which Edward I had seized to possess himself of that country. At first Baliol was successful, and was crowned at Scone14, but he was presently defeated and driven out of Scotland. The Scots now made an eruption15 across the frontier as a retaliation16 for Edward's having permitted Baliol to gather a force here for his war against Bruce. King Edward was on the point of starting for Ireland, and he at once hastened north. He defeated the Scots at Halidon Hill, captured Berwick, and placed Baliol upon the throne. Bruce fled to France, where he was supported and encouraged by the French king.”
“The ill feeling between Edward and Phillip of Valois had gone on increasing ever since the former had been compelled to take the oath of allegiance to the latter, but outwardly the guise17 of friendship was kept up, and negotiations18 went on between the two courts for a marriage between the little Prince of Wales and Joanna, daughter of the French king.”
“The aid which Phillip gave to Bruce increased the bad feeling, and Edward retaliated19 for Phillip's patronage20 of Bruce by receiving with the greatest honour and courtesy Robert of Artois, a great feudatory of France, who had been banished21 by King Phillip. For a time, although both countries were preparing for war, peace was not broken, as Edward's hands were full in Scotland, where Baliol having bestowed22 immense possessions upon the English nobles who had assisted him, the country again rose in favour of Bruce. During the three years that followed King Edward was obliged several times to go to Scotland to support Baliol, who held the crown as his feudal24 vassal25. He was always successful in the field, but directly his army recrossed the frontier the Scotch rose again. In 1330 a new crusade was preached, and in October of that year King Phillip solemnly received the cross and collected an immense army nominally26 for the recovery of Jerusalem. Whether his intentions were honest or not I cannot say, but certainly King Edward considered that Phillip's real aim in creating so great an army was to attack England. Whether this was so or not would need a wiser head than mine, Walter, to tell. Certainly Phillip of Valois invited Edward to cooperate with him in the crusade. The king in reply stated his belief that the preparations were intended for war in Europe rather than in Asia; but that if the King of France would agree to conclude a firm league of amity27 between the two countries, to restore the castles and towns of Aquitaine, whose surrender had been frequently promised but never carried out, and would bind28 himself by oath to give no assistance, direct or indirect, to Scotland, he would join him in his war for the delivery of the Holy Land.”
“I must say that King Edward's demands were reasonable, for it was clear that he could not march away from England with his whole force and leave Baliol unsupported against the assaults of his Scotch enemies, aided by France. Phillip was willing to accede29 to the first two conditions; but in regard to the third positively30 declined treating until David Bruce should be restored to the throne of his father. Now, had the French king openly supported Bruce from the first, none could have said that his conduct in befriending a dethroned monarch31 was aught but noble and generous; but he had all along answered Edward's complaints of the aid afforded by Frenchmen to the Bruce by denials that he himself supported him; and this declaration in his favour now certainly seemed to show that he had at last determined32 openly to throw off the veil, and that his great army was really collected against England. Robert of Artois craftily33 seized a moment when the king's indignation against Phillip was at the highest. At a great banquet held by King Edward, at which all his warlike nobles were present, Robert entered, preceded by two noble maidens34 carrying a heron, which, as you know, Walter, is considered the most cowardly of birds. Then in loud tones he called upon the knights36 present each to swear on the bird to perform some deed of chivalrous37 daring. First he presented it to King Edward himself, giving him to understand that he regarded him but as little braver than the heron for resigning without a blow the fair heritage of France.”
“The moment was well chosen, for Edward was smarting under the answer he had just received from Phillip. He at once rose and took an oath to enter France in arms; to wait there a month in order to give Phillip time to offer him battle, and to accept the combat, even should the French outnumber him ten to one. Every knight35 present followed the example of the king, and so the war with France, which had been for years a mere38 question of time, was at last suddenly decided39 upon. You yourself, Walter, can remember the preparations which were made throughout England: men were enrolled40 and arms prepared. We armourers were busy night and day, and every man felt that his own honour, as well as that of the country, was concerned in winning for King Edward the heritage of which he had been unlawfully robbed by the King of France.”
“On the 17th of March, 1337, at the parliament at Westminster, the king created the little prince, then seven years of age, Duke of Cornwall; and the prince immediately, in exercise of his new dignity, bestowed upon twenty of the most distinguished42 aspirants43 the honour of knighthood. Immense supplies were voted by the parliaments held at Nottingham, Westminster, and Northamton. Half the wool shorn in the summer following was granted to the king, with a variety of other taxes, customs, and duties. The revenues of all the foreign priories in England, a hundred and ten in number, were appropriated to the crown. Provisions of bacon, wheat, and oats were granted, and the king pawned45 his own jewels, and even the crown itself, to hire soldiers, and purchase him allies on the Continent. So great did the scarcity46 of money become in the country that all goods fell to less than half their value. Thus a vast army was raised, and with this King Edward prepared to try his strength with France.”
“Phillip on his part was making great preparations. While Edward had purchased the assistance of many of the German nobles Phillip raised large armaments in the maritime47 states of Italy. Spain also contributed a number of naval48 adventurers, and squadrons were fitted out by his vassals49 on the sea coasts of Normandy, Brittany, and Picardy. King Edward had crossed over into Belgium, and after vast delays in consequence of the slowness of the German allies, at last prepared to enter France at the end of September, 1339. Such, my lad, is the story, as far as I know, of the beginning of that war with France which is now raging, and whose events you know as well as I do, seeing that they are all of late occurrence. So far, although the English have had the best of it, and have sorely mauled the French both in the north and south, we have not gained any such advantages as would lead to a belief that there is any likelihood of an early termination, or that King Edward will succeed for a long time in winning back his inheritance of the throne of France.”
“There is no doubt that the war weighs heavily upon the people at large. The taxes are doubled, and the drain of men is heavy. We armourers, of course, have a busy time of it, and all trades which have to do with the furnishing of an army flourish exceedingly. Moreover, men of mettle50 and valour have an opportunity of showing what they are composed of, and England rings with the tales of martial51 deeds. There are some, Walter, who think that peace is the greatest of blessings52, and in some ways, lad, they are no doubt right; but there are many compensations in war. It brings out the noble qualities; it raises men to think that valour and fortitude53 and endurance and honour are qualities which are something above the mere huckstering desire for getting money, and for ignoble54 ease and comfort. Some day it may be that the world will change, and that war may become a thing of the past; but to my mind, boy, I doubt whether men will be any happier or better for it. The priests, no doubt, would tell you otherwise; but then you see I am an armourer, and so perhaps am hardly a fair judge on the matter, seeing that without wars my craft would come to an end.”
Walter remained in thought for some time. “It seems to me, Master Geoffrey, that while wars may suit strong and courageous55 men, women would rejoice were such things to be at an end.”
“Women suffer most from wars, no doubt,” Geoffrey said, “and yet do you mark that they are more stirred by deeds of valour and chivalry56 than are we men; that they are ever ready to bestow23 their love upon those who have won honour and glory in war, even although the next battle may leave them widows. This has been always somewhat of a marvel57 to me; but I suppose that it is human nature, and that admiration58 for deeds of valour and bravery is ingrained in the heart of man, and will continue until such times come that the desire for wealth, which is ever on the increase, has so seized all men that they will look with distaste upon everything which can interfere with the making of money, and will regard the man who amasses59 gold by trading as a higher type than he who does valiant60 deeds in battle.”
“Surely that can never be,” Walter said indignantly.
“There is no saying,” the armourer answered; “at any rate, Walter, it will matter little to you or to me, for many generations must pass before such a state of things can come about.”
Two days later Walter, who had been across into the city, returned in a state of excitement.
“What do you think, Geoffrey? The king, with the Prince of Wales and all his court, are coming to the games next month. They say that the king himself will adjudge the prizes; and there is to be a grand assault-at-arms between ten of the 'prentices with a captain, and an equal number of sons of nobles and knights.”
“That will be rare,” Geoffrey Ward4 exclaimed; “but there will be some broken limbs, and maybe worse. These assaults-at-arms seldom end without two or three being killed. However, you youngsters will not hit as hard as trained knights; and if the armour1 be good, no great damage should be done.”
“Do you think that I shall be one of the ten?” Walter asked anxiously.
“Just as if you did not know you would,” Geoffrey replied, laughing. “Did you not win the prize for swordplay last year? And twelve months have added much to the strength of your arm, to say nothing of your skill with weapons. If you win this year again—and it will be strange if you do not—you are like enough to be chosen captain. You will have tough fighting, I can tell you, for all these young aspirants to knighthood will do their best to show themselves off before the king and queen. The fight is not to take place on horseback, I hope; for if so, it will be settled as soon as it begins.”
“No, it is to be on foot; and the king himself is to give orders as to the fighting.”
“You had best get out that helmet and coat of mail of yours,” Geoffrey said, “I warrant me that there will be none of finer make or of truer metal in the tourney, seeing that I made them specially61 for you. They are light, and yet strong enough to withstand a blow from the strongest arm. I tried them hard, and will warrant them proof, but you had best see to the rivets62 and fastenings. They had a rough handling last year, and you have not worn them since. There are some other pieces that I must put in hand at once, seeing that in such a melee63 you must be covered from head to foot.”
For the next week nothing was talked of in London but the approaching sports, and the workmen were already engaged in the erection of the lists and pavilions in the fields between the walls and Westminster. It was reported that the king would add valuable prizes to those given to the winners by the city; that there would be jousting64 on horseback by the sons of the court nobles, and that the young Prince of Wales would himself ride.
The king had once before taken part in the city sports, and with ten of the citizens had held his own against an equal number of knights. This was at the commencement of his reign44; but the accident to the queen's stand had so angered him that he had not again been present at the sports, and his reappearance now was considered to be an act of approval of the efforts which the city had made to aid him in the war, and as an introduction of the young prince to the citizens.
When the day arrived there was a general flocking out of the citizens to the lists. The scene was a picturesque65 one; the weather was bright and warm; the fields were green; and Westminster, as well as London, sent out large numbers to the scene. The citizens were all in their best; their garments were for the most part of somber66 colours—russet, murrey, brown, and gray. Some, indeed, of the younger and wealthier merchants adopted somewhat of the fashion of the court, wearing their shoes long and pointed67, and their garments parti-coloured. The line of division was down the centre of the body; one leg, arm, and half the body would be blue, the other half russet or brown. The ladies' dresses were similarly divided. Mingling68 with the citizens, as they strolled to and fro upon the sward, were the courtiers. These wore the brightest colours, and their shoes were so long that the points were looped up to the knees with little gold chains to enable them to walk. The ladies wore headdresses of prodigious69 height, culminating in two points; and from these fell, sweeping70 to the ground, streamers of silk or lighter71 material. Cloths of gold and silver, rich furs, silks, and velvets, were worn both by men and women.
None who saw the nobles of the court walking in garments so tight that they could scarce move, with their long parti-coloured hose, their silk hoods72 buttoned under the chin, their hair braided down their back, would have thought that these were the most warlike and courageous of knights, men whose personal prowess and gallantry were the admiration of Europe. Their hair was generally cut close upon the forehead, and the beard was suffered to grow, but was kept trimmed a moderate length. Many of the ladies had the coat-of-arms of their family embroidered73 upon their dresses, giving them the appearance of heralds74' tabards. Almost all wore gold or silver girdles, with embroidered pouches75, and small daggers76.
Thus the appearance of the crowd who moved about among the fields near the lists was varied77 and brilliant indeed. Their demeanour was quiet, for the London merchants deemed a grave demeanour to belong to their calling, and the younger men and apprentices79 restrained their spirits in the presence of their superiors. For their special amusement, and in order, perhaps, to keep them from jostling too freely against the court gallants and ladies, the city authorities had appointed popular sports such as pleased the rougher classes; and bull baiting, cock-fighting, wrestling for a ram80, pitching the bar, and hand ball, were held in a field some distance away. Here a large portion of the artisans and apprentices amused themselves until the hour when the king and queen were to arrive at their pavilion, and the contests were to commence.
Presently a sound of trumpets81 was heard, and the royal procession was seen moving up from Westminster. Then the minor82 sports were abandoned; the crowd gathered round the large fenced-in space, and those who, by virtue83 of rank or position in the city, had places in the various stands, took their places there.
There was a flourish of trumpets as the king and queen appeared in front of the pavilion, accompanied by the Prince of Wales and many of the nobles of the court, and a shout of welcome arose from the crowd. The shooting at a mark at once began. The preliminary trials had been shot off upon the preceding day, and the six chosen bowmen now took their places.
Walter had not entered for the prizes at archery. He had on previous years shot well; but since he had fully41 determined to become a man-at-arms he had given up archery, for which, indeed, his work at the forge and his exercises at arms when the fires were out, left him but little time. The contest was a close one, and when it was over the winner was led by the city marshal to the royal pavilion, where the queen bestowed upon him a silver arrow, and the king added a purse of money. Then there were several combats with quarterstaff and broadsword between men who had served among the contingents84 sent by the city to aid the king in his wars. Some good sword-play was shown and many stout85 blows exchanged, two or three men were badly hurt, and the king and all present were mightily86 pleased with the stoutness87 with which they fought.
The apprentices then came forward to compete for the prizes for sword-play. They wore light iron caps and shirts of thickly quilted leather, and fought with blunted swords, for the city fathers deemed wisely that with these weapons they could equally show their skill, and that with sharpened swords not only would severe wounds be given, but bad blood would be created between the apprentices of the various wards9. Each ward sent its champion to the contest, and as these fought in pairs, loud was the shouting which rose from their comrades at each blow given or warded88, and even the older citizens joined sometimes in the shouting and took a warm interest in the champions of their respective wards.
The iron caps had stout cheek-pieces which defended the sides of the face and neck, for even a blunted sword can deliver a terrible blow if it fall upon the naked flesh. It took a long time to get through the combats; the pairs were drawn89 by lot, and fought until the king decided which was the superior. Some were speedily beaten, at other times the contests were long and severe. It was generally thought by the apprentices that the final contest lay between Walter Fletcher of Aldgate and Ralph Smith of Ludgate. The former was allowed to be superior in the use of his weapon, but the latter was also skilful90, was two years older, and greatly superior in strength. He had not taken part in the contest in the preceding year, as he had been laid up with a hurt in his hand which he had got in his employment as a smith, and the lads of Ludgate were confident that he would turn the tables upon the champion of the eastern ward. Both had defeated with ease the various opponents whom they had met, but it chanced that they had not drawn together until the last round, when they remained alone to struggle for the first and second prizes.
The interest in the struggle had increased with each round, and wagers92 were freely laid upon the result. According to custom the two champions had laid aside their leathern shirts and had donned mail armour, for it was considered that the crowning contest between the two picked young swordsmen of the city would be a severe one, and greater protection to the limbs was needed.
Before taking their places they were led up to the royal pavilion, where they were closely inspected by the king and his nobles.
“You are sure that this man is still an apprentice78?” the king asked the Lord Mayor, who was seated next to him; “he has the appearance of a man-at-arms, and a stout one too; the other is a likely stripling, and is, as I have seen, marvellously dexterous93 with his sword, but he is but a boy while the other is a grown man.
“He is an apprentice, my liege, although his time will be up in a few days, while the other has yet three years to serve, but he works for an armourer, and is famed through the city, boy as he is, for his skill with weapons.”
After a few words to each, exhorting94 them to do their best in the sight of the queen and her ladies, the king dismissed them.
“I know the young one now!” the Prince of Wales said, clapping his hands as the apprentices turned away to take their places. “My Lord Talbot, I will wager91 a gold chain with you upon the smaller of the two.”
“I will take your wager,” the noble answered; “but I am by no means sure that I shall win it, for I have watched your champion closely, and the downright blows which he struck would seem to show that he has the muscle and strength of a man though still but a boy.”
The event justified95 the Prince of Wales's confidence; at the commencement of the struggle Ralph Smith tried to beat down his opponent by sheer strength as he had done his prior opponents, but to his surprise he found that all his efforts could not break down his opponent's guard. Walter indeed did not appear to take advantage of his superior lightness and activity, but to prefer to prove that in strength as well as skill he was equal to his antagonist96. In the latter respect there was no comparison, for as soon as the smith began to relax his rain of blows Walter took the offensive and with a sweeping blow given with all his strength broke down his opponent's guard and smote97 him with such force upon his steel cap that, blunted as the sword was, it clove98 through the iron, and stretched the smith senseless on the ground. A loud shout broke from the assemblage. The marshal came up to Walter, and removing his helmet, led him to the royal pavilion, while Ralph was carried to a tent near, where a leech99 attended his wound.
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1
armour
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| （=armor）n.盔甲；装甲部队 | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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ward
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| n.守卫，监护，病房，行政区，由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）；vt.守护，躲开 | |
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allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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turmoil
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| n.骚乱，混乱，动乱 | |
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inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wards
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| 区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态 | |
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scotch
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| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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hindrance
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| n.妨碍，障碍 | |
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gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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scone
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| n.圆饼，甜饼，司康饼 | |
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eruption
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| n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作 | |
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retaliation
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| n.报复，反击 | |
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guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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retaliated
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| v.报复，反击( retaliate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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vassal
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| n.附庸的；属下；adj.奴仆的 | |
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nominally
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| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
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amity
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| n.友好关系 | |
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bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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accede
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| v.应允，同意 | |
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positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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craftily
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| 狡猾地，狡诈地 | |
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maidens
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| 处女( maiden的名词复数 )； 少女； 未婚女子； （板球运动）未得分的一轮投球 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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chivalrous
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| adj.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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enrolled
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| adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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aspirants
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| n.有志向或渴望获得…的人( aspirant的名词复数 )v.渴望的，有抱负的，追求名誉或地位的( aspirant的第三人称单数 )；有志向或渴望获得…的人 | |
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reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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pawned
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| v.典当，抵押( pawn的过去式和过去分词 )；以（某事物）担保 | |
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46
scarcity
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| n.缺乏，不足，萧条 | |
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47
maritime
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| adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的 | |
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naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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vassals
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| n.奴仆( vassal的名词复数 )；（封建时代）诸侯；从属者；下属 | |
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mettle
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| n.勇气，精神 | |
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martial
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| adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的 | |
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52
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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53
fortitude
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| n.坚忍不拔；刚毅 | |
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54
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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marvel
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| vi.(at)惊叹vt.感到惊异；n.令人惊异的事 | |
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58
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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59
amasses
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| v.积累，积聚( amass的第三人称单数 ) | |
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valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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rivets
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| 铆钉( rivet的名词复数 ) | |
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melee
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| n.混战；混战的人群 | |
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jousting
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| （骑士）骑马用长矛比武( joust的现在分词 ) | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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somber
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| adj.昏暗的，阴天的，阴森的，忧郁的 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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mingling
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| adj.混合的 | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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sweeping
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| adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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72
hoods
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| n.兜帽( hood的名词复数 )；头巾；（汽车、童车等的）折合式车篷；汽车发动机罩v.兜帽( hood的第三人称单数 )；头巾；（汽车、童车等的）折合式车篷；汽车发动机罩 | |
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embroidered
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| adj．绣花的 | |
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heralds
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| n.使者( herald的名词复数 )；预报者；预兆；传令官v.预示( herald的第三人称单数 )；宣布（好或重要） | |
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pouches
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| n.（放在衣袋里或连在腰带上的）小袋( pouch的名词复数 )；（袋鼠等的）育儿袋；邮袋；（某些动物贮存食物的）颊袋 | |
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76
daggers
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| 匕首，短剑( dagger的名词复数 ) | |
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varied
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| adj.多样的，多变化的 | |
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apprentice
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| n.学徒，徒弟 | |
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apprentices
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 ) | |
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ram
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| (random access memory)随机存取存储器 | |
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81
trumpets
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| 喇叭( trumpet的名词复数 )； 小号； 喇叭形物； （尤指）绽开的水仙花 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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84
contingents
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| （志趣相投、尤指来自同一地方的）一组与会者( contingent的名词复数 )； 代表团； （军队的）分遣队； 小分队 | |
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86
mightily
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| ad.强烈地；非常地 | |
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87
stoutness
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| 坚固，刚毅 | |
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88
warded
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| 有锁孔的，有钥匙榫槽的 | |
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89
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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skilful
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| (=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的 | |
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91
wager
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| n.赌注；vt.押注，打赌 | |
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92
wagers
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| n.赌注，用钱打赌( wager的名词复数 )v.在（某物）上赌钱，打赌( wager的第三人称单数 )；保证，担保 | |
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93
dexterous
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| adj.灵敏的；灵巧的 | |
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94
exhorting
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的现在分词 ) | |
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95
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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antagonist
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| n.敌人，对抗者，对手 | |
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97
smote
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的过去式 ) | |
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98
clove
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| n.丁香味 | |
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99
leech
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| n.水蛭，吸血鬼，榨取他人利益的人；vt.以水蛭吸血；vi.依附于别人 | |
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