Walter and his companion soon knotted the ropes together and lowered themselves into the moat. A few strokes took them to the other side, and scrambling3 out, they made their way across the country to the spot where the English had been posted. They found the Earl of Salisbury, who commanded, in a great state of uneasiness. No message had reached him during the day. He had heard the alarm-bells of the city ring, and a scout4 who had gone forward returned with the news that the gates were closed and the drawbridges raised, and that a strong body of men manned the walls.
“Your news is indeed bad,” he said, when Walter related to him the events which had taken place in the town. “This will altogether derange5 the king's plans. Now that his ally is killed I fear that his hopes of acquiring Flanders for England will fall to the ground. It is a thousand pities that he listened to Van Artevelde and allowed him to enter Ghent alone. Had his majesty6 landed, as he wished, and made a progress through the country, the prince receiving the homage7 of all the large towns, we could then very well have summoned Ghent as standing8 alone against all Flanders. The citizens then would, no doubt, have gladly opened their gates and received the prince, and if they had refused we would have made short work of them. However, as it has turned out, it is as well that we did not enter the town with the Fleming, for against so large and turbulent a population we should have had but little chance. And now, Master Somers, we will march at once for Sluys and bear the news to the king, and you shall tell me as we ride thither9 how you and your man-at-arms managed to escape with whole skins from such a tumult10.”
The king was much grieved when he heard of the death of Artevelde, and held a council with his chief leaders. At first, in his indignation and grief, he was disposed to march upon Ghent and to take vengeance11 for the murder of his ally, but after a time calmer counsels prevailed.
The Flemings were still in rebellion against their count, who was the friend of France. Were the English to attack Ghent they would lose the general goodwill12 of the Flemings, and would drive them into the arms of France, while, if matters were left alone, the effect of the popular outburst which had caused the death of Artevelde would die away, and motives13 of interest and the fear of France would again drive them into the arms of England. The expedition therefore returned to England, and there the king, in a proclamation to his people, avoided all allusion14 to the death of his ally, but simply stated that he had been waited upon by the councils of all the Flemish towns, and that their faithful obedience15 to himself as legitimate16 King of France, was established upon a firmer basis than ever.
This course had the effect which he had anticipated from it. The people of Flanders perceived the danger and disadvantage which must accrue17 to their trade from any permanent disagreement with England. They were convinced by the events which soon afterwards happened in France that the King of England had more power than Phillip of Valois, and could, if he chose, punish severely18 any breach19 of faith towards him. They therefore sent over commissioners20 to express their grief and submission21. The death of Artevelde was represented as the act of a frantic22 mob, and severe fines were imposed upon the leaders of the party who slew23 him, and although the principal towns expressed their desire still to remain under the rule of the Count of Flanders, they suggested that the ties which bound them to England should be strengthened by the marriage of Louis, eldest24 son of the count, to one of Edward's daughters. More than this, they offered to create a diversion for the English forces acting25 in Guienne and Gascony by raising a strong force and expelling the French garrisons27 still remaining in some parts of the country. This was done. Hugo of Hastings was appointed by the king captain-general in Flanders, and with a force of English and Flemings did good service by expelling the French from Termond and several other towns.
The character of Jacob van Artevelde has had but scant28 justice done to it by most of the historians of the time. These, living in an age of chivalry29, when noble blood and lofty deeds were held in extraordinary respect, had little sympathy with the brewer30 of Ghent, and deemed it contrary to the fitness of things that the chivalry of France should have been defied and worsted by mere31 mechanics and artisans. But there can be no doubt that Artevelde was a very great man. He may have been personally ambitious, but he was a true patriot32. He had great military talents. He completely remodelled33 and wonderfully improved the internal administration of the country, and raised its commerce, manufactures, and agriculture to a pitch which they had never before reached. After his death his memory was esteemed34 and revered35 by the Flemings, who long submitted to the laws he had made, and preserved his regulations with scrupulous36 exactitude.
Edward now hastened to get together a great army. Every means were adopted to raise money and to gather stores, and every man between sixteen and sixty south of the Trent was called upon to take up arms and commanded to assemble at Portsmouth in the middle of Lent. A tremendous tempest, however, scattered37 the fleet collected to carry the expedition, a great many of the ships were lost, and it was not until the middle of July, 1346, that it sailed from England.
It consisted of about 500 ships and 10,000 sailors, and carried 4000 men-at-arms, 10,000 archers38, 12,000 Welsh, and 6000 Irish.
This seems but a small army considering the efforts which had been made; but it was necessary to leave a considerable force behind for the defence of the Scottish frontier, and England had already armies in Guienne and Brittany. Lionel, Edward's second son, was appointed regent during his father's absence. On board Edward's own ship were Godfrey of Harcourt and the Prince of Wales. Walter, as one of the personal squires39 of the prince, was also on board.
The prince had been greatly interested in the details of Walter's escape from Van Artevelde's house, the king himself expressed his approval of his conduct, and Walter was generally regarded as one of the most promising40 young aspirants41 to the court. His modesty42 and good temper rendered him a general favourite, and many even of the higher nobles noticed him by their friendly attentions, for it was felt that he stood so high in the goodwill of the prince that he might some day become a person of great influence with him, and one whose goodwill would be valuable.
It was generally supposed, when the fleet started, that Guienne was their destination, but they had not gone far when a signal was made to change the direction in which they were sailing and to make for La Hogue in Normandy. Godfrey of Harcourt had great influence in that province, and his persuasions43 had much effect in determining the king to direct his course thither. There was the further advantage that the King of France, who was well aware of the coming invasion, would have made his preparations to receive him in Guienne. Furthermore, Normandy was the richest and most prosperous province in France. It had for a long time been untouched by war, and offered great abundance of spoil. It had made itself particularly obnoxious44 to the English by having recently made an offer to the King of France to fit out an expedition and conquer England with its own resources.
The voyage was short and favourable45, and the expedition landed at La Hogue, on the small peninsula of Cotentin, without opposition46. Six days were spent at La Hogue disembarking the men, horses, and stores, and baking bread for the use of the army on the march. A detachment advanced and pillaged47 and burnt Barileur and Cherbourg and a number of small towns and castles.
In accordance with custom, at the commencement of the campaign a court was held, at which the Prince of Wales was dubbed48 a knight49 by his father. A similar honour was bestowed50 upon a number of other young aspirants, among whom was Walter Somers, who had been highly recommended for that honour to the king by Sir Walter Manny.
The force was now formed into three divisions—the one commanded by the king himself, the second by the Earl of Warwick, and the third by Godfrey of Harcourt. The Earl of Arundel acted as Lord High Constable51, and the Earl of Huntingdon, who was in command of the fleet, followed the army along the sea-coast. Valognes, Carentan, and St. Lo were captured without difficulty, and the English army advanced by rapid marches upon Caen, plundering53 the country for six or seven leagues on each side of the line of march. An immense quantity of booty was obtained. As soon as the news of Edward's landing in Normandy reached Paris, Phillip despatched the Count d'Eu, Constable of France, with the Count of Tankerville and 600 men-at-arms, to oppose Edward at Caen. The Bishop54 of Bayeux had thrown himself into that city, which was already garrisoned55 by 300 Genoese. The town was not defensible, and the only chance of resistance was by opposing the passage of the river Horn, which flowed between the suburbs and the city. The bridge was barricaded56, strong wooden towers were erected57, and such was the confidence of the inhabitants and their leaders that Edward's promise of protection for the person and property of the citizens was rejected with scorn, and the whole male population joined the garrison26 in the defence of the bridge. Marching through the deserted suburbs the English army attacked the bridge with such vehemence58 that although the enemy defended the barricades59 gallantly60 they were speedily forced, and the English poured into the town. Before the first fury of the attack was over near 5000 persons were slain61. The Count of Tankerville, 140 knights62, and as many squires were made prisoners. The plunder52 was so enormous as to be sufficient to cover the whole expenses of the expedition, and this with the booty which had been previously63 acquired was placed on board ship and despatched to England, while the king marched forward with his army. At Lisieux he was met by two cardinals64 sent by the pope to negotiate a truce65; but Edward had learned the fallacy of truces66 made with King Phillip, and declined to enter into negotiations67. Finding that Rouen had been placed in a state of defence and could not be taken without a long siege he left it behind him and marched along the valley of the Eure, gathering68 rich booty at every step.
But while he was marching forward a great army was gathering in his rear. The Count of Harcourt brother of Godfrey, called all Normandy to arms. Every feudal69 lord and vassal70 answered to the summons, and before Edward reached the banks of the Seine a formidable army had assembled.
The whole of the vassals71 of France were gathering by the orders of the king at St. Denis. The English fleet had now left the coast, and Edward had only the choice of retreating through Normandy into Brittany or of attempting to force the passage of the Seine, and to fight his way through France to Flanders. He chose the latter alternative, and marched along the left bank of the river towards Paris, seeking in vain to find a passage. The enemy followed him step by step on the opposite bank, and all the bridges were broken down and the fords destroyed.
Edward marched on, burning the towns and ravaging73 the country until he reached Poissy. The bridge was as usual destroyed, but the piles on which it stood were still standing, and he determined74 to endeavour to cross here. He accordingly halted for five days, but despatched troops in all directions, who burned and ravaged76 to the very gates of Paris. The villages of St. Germain, St. Cloud, Bourg la Reine, and many others within sight of the walls were destroyed, and the capital itself thrown into a state of terror and consternation77. Godfrey of Harcourt was the first to cross the river, and with the advance guard of English fell upon a large body of the burghers of Amiens, and after a severe fight defeated them, killing78 over five hundred. The king himself with his whole force passed on the 16th of August.
Phillip, with his army, quitted St. Denis, when he heard that the English army had passed the Seine, and by parallel marches endeavoured to interpose between it and the borders of Flanders. As his force was every hour increasing he despatched messengers to Edward offering him battle within a few days on condition that he would cease to ravage75 the country; but Edward declined the proposal, saying that Phillip himself by breaking down the bridges had avoided a battle as long as he could, but that whenever he was ready to give battle he would accept the challenge. During the whole march the armies were within a few leagues of each other, and constant skirmishes took place between bodies detached from the hosts.
In some of these skirmishes Walter took part, as he and the other newly made knights were burning to distinguish themselves. Every day the progress of the army became more difficult, as the country people everywhere rose against them, and several times attempted to make a stand but were defeated with great loss. The principal towns were found deserted, and even Poix, which offered great capabilities79 of defence, had been left unguarded. Upon the English entering, the burghers offered to pay a large ransom80 to save the town from plunder. The money was to be delivered as soon as the English force had withdrawn81, and Walter Somers was ordered by the king to remain behind with a few men-at-arms to receive the ransom.
No sooner had the army departed than the burghers, knowing that the French army was close behind, changed their minds, refused to pay the ransom, and fell upon the little body of men-at-arms. Although taken quite by surprise by the act of treachery Walter instantly rallied his men although several had been killed at the first onslaught. He, with Ralph and two or three of the staunchest men, covered the retreat of the rest through the streets, making desperate charges upon the body of armed burghers pressing upon them. Ralph fought as usual with a mace83 of prodigious84 weight, and the terror of his blows in no slight degree enabled the party to reach the gate in safety, but Walter had no idea of retreating further. He despatched one of his followers85 to gallop86 at full speed to overtake the rear-guard of the army, which was still but two miles distant, while with the rest he formed a line across the gate and resisted all the attempts of the citizens to expel them.
The approach to the gate was narrow, and the overwhelming number of the burghers were therefore of little avail. Walter had dismounted his force and all fought on foot, and although sorely pressed they held their ground until Lords Cobham and Holland, with their followers, rode up. Then the tide of war was turned, the town was plundered87 and burnt, and great numbers of the inhabitants slain. Walter gained great credit for holding the gate, for had he been driven out, the town could have resisted, until the arrival of Louis, all assaults of the English.
The river Somme now barred the passage of Edward. Most of the bridges had been destroyed, and those remaining were so strongly fortified88 that they could not be forced.
The position of the English was now very critical. On one flank and in front were impassable rivers. The whole country was in arms against them, and on their rear and flank pressed a hostile army fourfold their strength. The country was swampy89 and thinly populated, and flour and provisions were only obtained with great difficulty. Edward, on finding from the reports of his marshals who had been sent to examine the bridges, that no passage across the river could be found, turned and marched down the river towards the sea, halting for the night at Oisemont.
Here, a great number of peasantry attempted a defence, but were easily defeated and a number of prisoners taken. Late in the evening the Earl of Warwick, who had pushed forward as far as Abbeville and St. Valery, returned with the news that the passages at those places were as strongly guarded as elsewhere, but he had learnt from a peasant that a ford72 existed somewhere below Abbeville, although the man was himself ignorant of its position.
Edward at once called the prisoners belonging to that part of the country before him, and promised to any one who would tell him where the ford lay his freedom and that of twenty of his companions. A peasant called Gobin Agase stepped forward and offered to show the ford, where at low tide twelve men could cross abreast90. It was, he said, called “La Blanche Tache”.
Edward left Oisemont at midnight and reached the ford at daylight. The river, however, was full and the army had to wait impatiently for low tide. When they arrived there no enemy was to be seen on the opposite bank, but before the water fell sufficiently91 for a passage to be attempted, Sir Godemar du Fay with 12,000 men, sent by King Phillip, who was aware of the existence of the ford, arrived on the opposite side.
The enterprise was a difficult one indeed, for the water, even at low tide, is deep. Godemar du Fay, however, threw away part of his advantage by advancing into the stream. The English archers lined the banks, and poured showers of arrows into the ranks of the enemy, while the Genoese bowmen on their side were able to give comparatively little assistance to the French.
King Edward shouted to his knights, “Let those who love me follow me,” and spurred his horse into the water. Behind him followed his most valiant92 knights, and Walter riding close to the Prince of Wales was one of the foremost.
The French resisted valiantly93 and a desperate battle took place on the narrow ford, but the impetuosity of the English prevailed, and step by step they drove the French back to the other side of the river. The whole army poured after their leaders, and the French were soon entirely routed and fled, leaving two thousand men-at-arms dead on the field.
King Edward, having now freed himself from the difficulties which had encompassed94 him on the other side of the river, prepared to choose a ground to give battle to the whole French army.
Louis had advanced slowly, feeling confident that the English would be unable to cross the river, and that he should catch them hemmed95 in by it. His mortification96 and surprise on finding, when he approached La Blanche Tache, that twelve thousand men had been insufficient97 to hold a ford by which but twelve could cross abreast, and that his enemy had escaped from his grasp, were great. The tide had now risen again, and he was obliged to march on to Abbeville and cross the river there.
King Edward now advanced into the Forest of Cressy.
Hugh de le Spencer, with a considerable force, was despatched to Crotoy, which he carried by assault after a severe conflict, in which four thousand of the French men-at-arms were slain. The capture of this city removed all danger of want from the army, for large stores of wine and meal were found there, and Sir Hugh at once sent off a supply to the tired army in the field.
The possession of Crotoy and the mouth of the Somme would have now rendered it easy for the English monarch98 to have transported his troops to England, and to have returned triumphant99 after the accomplishment100 of his extraordinary and most successful march through France. The army, however, was elated by the many great successes it had won, he was now in Ponthieu, which was one of his own fiefs, and he determined to make a stand in spite of the immense superiority of the enemy.
Next morning, then—Friday the 25th of August, 1346—he despatched the Earl of Warwick with Godfrey of Harcourt and Lord Cobham, to examine the ground and choose a site for a battle.
The plan of the fight was drawn82 out by the king and his councillors, and the king yielded to the Black Prince the chief place of danger and honour placing with him the Earl of Warwick, Sir John Chandos, and many of his best knights.
The ground which had been chosen for the battle was an irregular slope between the forest of Cressy and the river Maie near the little village of Canchy. The slope looked towards the south and east, from which quarters the enemy was expected to arrive, and some slight defences were added to the natural advantages of the ground.
On the night of the 25th all the principal leaders of the British host were entertained by King Edward. Next morning, Mass was celebrated101, and the king, the prince, and many knights and nobles received the Sacrament, after which the trumpet102 sounded, and the army marched to take up its position. Its numbers are variously estimated, but the best account puts it at about 30,000 men which, considering that 32,000 had crossed the Channel to La Hogue, is probably about the force which would have been present allowing that 2000 had fallen in the various actions or had died from disease.
The division of the Black Prince consisted of 800 men-at-arms, 4000 archers, and 6000 Welsh foot. The archers, as usual, were placed in front, supported by the light troops of Wales and the men-at-arms; on his left was the second division, commanded by the Earls of Arundel and Northampton; its extreme left rested on Canchy and the river, and it was further protected by a deep ditch; this corps103 was about 7000 strong.
The king himself took up his position on a knoll104 of rising ground surmounted105 by a windmill, and 12,000 men under his personal command were placed here in reserve.
In the rear of the Prince's division an enclosure of stakes was formed; in this, guarded by a small body of archers, were ranged the wagons106 and baggage of the army, together with all the horses, the king having determined that the knights and men-at-arms on his side should fight on foot.
When the army had taken up its position, the king, mounted on a small palfrey, with a white staff in his hand, rode from rank to rank exhorting107 his soldiers to do their duty gallantly. It was nearly noon before he had passed through all the lines, and permission was then given to the soldiers to fall out from their ranks and to take refreshments108 while waiting for the coming of the enemy. This was accordingly done, the men eating and drinking at their ease and lying down in their ranks on the soft grass with their steel caps and their bows or pikes beside them.
In the meantime the French had, on their side, been preparing for the battle. Phillip had crossed the Somme at Abbeyville late on Thursday afternoon, and remained there next day marshalling the large reinforcements which were hourly arriving. His force now considerably109 exceeded 100,000 men, the number with which he had marched from Amiens three days previously.
Friday was the festival of St. Louis, and that evening Phillip gave a splendid banquet to the whole of the nobles of his army.
On the following morning the king, accompanied by his brother the Count d'Alencon, the old King of Bohemia and his son, the King of Rome, the Duke of Lorraine, the Count of Blois, the Count of Flanders, and a great number of other feudal princes, heard Mass at the Abbey, and then marched with his great army towards Cressy. He moved but slowly in order to give time to all the forces scattered over the neighbourhood to come up, and four knights, headed by one of the King of Bohemia's officers, went forward to reconnoitre the English position. They approached within a very short distance of the English lines and gained a very exact knowledge of the position, the English taking no measures to interrupt the reconnaissance. They returned with the information they had gathered, and the leader of the party, Le Moyne de Basele, one of the most judicious110 officers of his time, strongly advised the king to halt his troops, pointing out that as it was evident the English were ready to give battle, and as they were fresh and vigorous while the French were wearied and hungry, it would be better to encamp and give battle the next morning.
Phillip saw the wisdom of the advice and ordered his two marshals the Lord of St. Venant and Charles de Montmorency to command a halt. They instantly spurred off, one to the front and the other to the rear, commanding the leaders to halt their banners. Those in advance at once obeyed, but those behind still pressed on, declaring that they would not halt until they were in the front line. All wanted to be first, in order to obtain their share of the honour and glory of defeating the English. Those in front, seeing the others still coming on, again pressed forward, and thus, in spite of the efforts of the king and his marshals, the French nobles with their followers pressed forward in confusion, until, passing through a small wood, they found themselves suddenly in the presence of the English army.
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1
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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scrambling
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| v.快速爬行( scramble的现在分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞 | |
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scout
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| n.童子军，侦察员；v.侦察，搜索 | |
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derange
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| v.使精神错乱 | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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vengeance
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| n.报复，报仇，复仇 | |
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goodwill
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| n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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allusion
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| n.暗示，间接提示 | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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accrue
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| v.(利息等)增大，增多 | |
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severely
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| adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地 | |
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breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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commissioners
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| n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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frantic
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| adj.狂乱的，错乱的，激昂的 | |
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slew
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| v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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garrisons
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| 守备部队，卫戍部队( garrison的名词复数 ) | |
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scant
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| adj.不充分的，不足的；v.减缩，限制，忽略 | |
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chivalry
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| n.骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤 | |
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brewer
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| n. 啤酒制造者 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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remodelled
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| v.改变…的结构[形状]( remodel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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revered
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| v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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scrupulous
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| adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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archers
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| n.弓箭手，射箭运动员( archer的名词复数 ) | |
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squires
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| n.地主，乡绅( squire的名词复数 ) | |
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promising
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| adj.有希望的，有前途的 | |
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aspirants
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| n.有志向或渴望获得…的人( aspirant的名词复数 )v.渴望的，有抱负的，追求名誉或地位的( aspirant的第三人称单数 )；有志向或渴望获得…的人 | |
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42
modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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43
persuasions
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| n.劝说，说服（力）( persuasion的名词复数 )；信仰 | |
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44
obnoxious
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| adj.极恼人的，讨人厌的，可憎的 | |
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45
favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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46
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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47
pillaged
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| v.抢劫，掠夺( pillage的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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48
dubbed
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| v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制 | |
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49
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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50
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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51
constable
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| n.(英国)警察，警官 | |
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52
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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53
plundering
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的现在分词 ) | |
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54
bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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55
garrisoned
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| 卫戍部队守备( garrison的过去式和过去分词 )； 派部队驻防 | |
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56
barricaded
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| 设路障于，以障碍物阻塞( barricade的过去式和过去分词 )； 设路障[防御工事]保卫或固守 | |
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57
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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58
vehemence
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| n.热切；激烈；愤怒 | |
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59
barricades
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| 路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 ) | |
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60
gallantly
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| adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地 | |
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61
slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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62
knights
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| 骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马 | |
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previously
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| adv.以前，先前（地） | |
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cardinals
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| 红衣主教( cardinal的名词复数 )； 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟为鲜红色）； 基数 | |
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65
truce
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| n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束 | |
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truces
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| 休战( truce的名词复数 )； 停战（协定）； 停止争辩（的协议）； 中止 | |
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67
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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68
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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feudal
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| adj.封建的，封地的，领地的 | |
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vassal
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| n.附庸的；属下；adj.奴仆的 | |
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71
vassals
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| n.奴仆( vassal的名词复数 )；（封建时代）诸侯；从属者；下属 | |
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72
Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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73
ravaging
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| 毁坏( ravage的现在分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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74
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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75
ravage
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| vt.使...荒废，破坏...；n.破坏，掠夺，荒废 | |
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76
ravaged
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| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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77
consternation
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| n.大为吃惊，惊骇 | |
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78
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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capabilities
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| n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力 | |
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80
ransom
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| n.赎金，赎身；v.赎回，解救 | |
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81
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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82
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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83
mace
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| n.狼牙棒，豆蔻干皮 | |
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84
prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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85
followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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86
gallop
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| v./n.(马或骑马等)飞奔；飞速发展 | |
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87
plundered
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| 掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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88
fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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89
swampy
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| adj.沼泽的，湿地的 | |
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90
abreast
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| adv.并排地；跟上(时代)的步伐，与…并进地 | |
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sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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92
valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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93
valiantly
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| adv.勇敢地，英勇地；雄赳赳 | |
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94
encompassed
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| v.围绕( encompass的过去式和过去分词 )；包围；包含；包括 | |
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95
hemmed
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| 缝…的褶边( hem的过去式和过去分词 )； 包围 | |
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96
mortification
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| n.耻辱，屈辱 | |
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97
insufficient
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| adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的 | |
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98
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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99
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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100
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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101
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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102
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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103
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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104
knoll
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| n.小山，小丘 | |
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105
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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106
wagons
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| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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107
exhorting
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| v.劝告，劝说( exhort的现在分词 ) | |
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108
refreshments
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| n.点心,便餐;(会议后的)简单茶点招 待 | |
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109
considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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110
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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