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Chapter 3
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How they toiled1 and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded, for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped.

Sometimes the work was hard; the implements2 had been designed for human beings and not for animals, and it was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool that involved standing3 on his hind4 legs. But the pigs were so clever that they could think of a way round every difficulty. As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of mowing5 and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. Boxer6 and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins7 were needed in these days, of course) and tramp steadily8 round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee9 up, comrade!" or "Whoa back, comrade!" as the case might be. And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering10 it. Even the ducks and hens toiled to and fro all day in the sun, carrying tiny wisps of hay in their beaks11. In the end they finished the harvest in two days' less time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk. And not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful.

All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled12 out to them by a grudging13 master. With the worthless parasitical14 human beings gone, there was more for everyone to eat. There was more leisure too, inexperienced though the animals were. They met with many difficulties--for instance, later in the year, when they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff15 with their breath, since the farm possessed16 no threshing machine--but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. Boxer was the admiration17 of everybody. He had been a hard worker even in Jones's time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty18 shoulders. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest. He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day's work began. His answer to every problem, every setback19, was "I will work harder!"--which he had adopted as his personal motto.

But everyone worked according to his capacity The hens and ducks, for instance, saved five bushels of corn at the harvest by gathering up the stray grains. Nobody stole, nobody grumbled20 over his rations21, the quarrelling and biting and jealousy22 which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. Nobody shirked--or almost nobody. Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof23. And the behaviour of the cat was somewhat peculiar24. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found. She would vanish for hours on end, and then reappear at meal-times, or in the evening after work was over, as though nothing had happened. But she always made such excellent excuses, and purred so affectionately, that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did his work in the same slow obstinate25 way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic26 answer.

On Sundays there was no work. Breakfast was an hour later than usual, and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail. First came the hoisting27 of the flag. Snowball had found in the harness-room an old green tablecloth28 of Mrs. Jones's and had painted on it a hoof and a horn in white. This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse29 garden every Sunday morning. The flag was green, Snowball explained, to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown30. After the hoisting of the flag all the animals trooped into the big barn for a general assembly which was known as the Meeting. Here the work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward and debated. It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions. The other animals understood how to vote, but could never think of any resolutions of their own. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted on to oppose it. Even when it was resolved--a thing no one could object to in itself--to set aside the small paddock behind the orchard31 as a home of rest for animals who were past work, there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. The Meeting always ended with the singing of 'Beasts of England', and the afternoon was given up to recreation.

The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves. Here, in the evenings, they studied blacksmithing, carpentering, and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse. Snowball also busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. He was indefatigable32 at this. He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the Wild Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and various others, besides instituting classes in reading and writing. On the whole, these projects were a failure. The attempt to tame the wild creatures, for instance, broke down almost immediately. They continued to behave very much as before, and when treated with generosity33, simply took advantage of it. The cat joined the Re-education Committee and was very active in it for some days. She was seen one day sitting on a roof and talking to some sparrows who were just out of her reach. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch34 on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance.

The reading and writing classes, however, were a great success. By the autumn almost every animal on the farm was literate35 in some degree.

As for the pigs, they could already read and write perfectly36. The dogs learned to read fairly well, but were not interested in reading anything except the Seven Commandments. Muriel, the goat, could read somewhat better than the dogs, and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps37 of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap. Benjamin could read as well as any pig, but never exercised his faculty38. So far as he knew, he said, there was nothing worth reading. Clover learnt the whole alphabet, but could not put words together. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back, sometimes shaking his forelock, trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. Finally he decided39 to be content with the first four letters, and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. Mollie refused to learn any but the six letters which spelt her own name. She would form these very neatly40 out of pieces of twig41, and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them.

None of the other animals on the farm could get further than the letter A. It was also found that the stupider animals, such as the sheep, hens, and ducks, were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart. After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim42, namely: "Four legs good, two legs bad." This, he said, contained the essential principle of Animalism. Whoever had thoroughly43 grasped it would be safe from human influences. The birds at first objected, since it seemed to them that they also had two legs, but Snowball proved to them that this was not so.


"A bird's wing, comrades," he said, "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The distinguishing mark of man is the HAND, the instrument with which he does all his mischief44."

The birds did not understand Snowball's long words, but they accepted his explanation, and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BAD, was inscribed45 on the end wall of the barn, above the Seven Commandments and in bigger letters When they had once got it by heart, the sheep developed a great liking46 for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating47 "Four legs good, two legs bad! Four legs good, two legs bad!" and keep it up for hours on end, never growing tired of it.

Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up. It happened that Jessie and Bluebell48 had both whelped soon after the hay harvest, giving birth between them to nine sturdy puppies. As soon as they were weaned, Napoleon took them away from their mothers, saying that he would make himself responsible for their education. He took them up into a loft49 which could only be reached by a ladder from the harness-room, and there kept them in such seclusion50 that the rest of the farm soon forgot their existence.

The mystery of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed every day into the pigs' mash51. The early apples were now ripening52, and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day, however, the order went forth53 that all the windfalls were to be collected and brought to the harness-room for the use of the pigs. At this some of the other animals murmured, but it was no use. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point, even Snowball and Napoleon. Squealer54 was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others.

"Comrades!" he cried. "You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being55 of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation56 of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! Surely, comrades," cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, "surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back?"

Now if there was one thing that the animals were completely certain of, it was that they did not want Jones back. When it was put to them in this light, they had no more to say. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. So it was agreed without further argument that the milk and the windfall apples (and also the main crop of apples when they ripened) should be reserved for the pigs alone.

收割牧草时,他们干得多卖力!但他们的汗水并没有白流,因为这次丰收比他们先前期望的还要大。

  这些活时常很艰难:农具是为人而不是为动物设计的,没有一个动物能摆弄那些需要靠两条后腿站着才能使用的器械,这是一个很大的缺陷。但是,猪确实聪明,他们能想出排除每个困难的办法。至于马呢,他们对这些田地了如指掌,实际上,他们比琼斯及其伙计们对刈草和耕地精通得多。猪其实并不干活,只是指导和监督其他动物。他们凭着非凡的学识,很自然地承担了领导工作。鲍克瑟和克拉弗情愿自己套上割草机或者马拉耙机(当然,这时候根本不会用嚼子或者缰绳),迈着沉稳的步伐,坚定地一圈一圈地行进,猪在其身后跟着,根据不同情况,要么吆喝一声“吁、吁,同志!”要么就是“喔、喔,同志!”在搬运和堆积牧草时,每个动物无不尽力服从指挥。就连鸭子和鸡也整天在大太阳下,辛苦地用嘴巴衔上一小撮牧草来来回回忙个不停。最后,他们完成了收获,比琼斯那伙人过去干的活的时间提前了整整两天!更了不起的是,这是一个庄园里前所未有的大丰收。没有半点遗落;鸡和鸭子凭他们敏锐的眼光竟连非常细小的草梗草叶也没有放过。也没有一个动物偷吃哪怕一口牧草。

  整个夏季,庄园里的工作象时钟一样运行得有条有理,动物也都幸福愉快,而这一切,是他们从前连想都不敢想的。而今,既然所有食物都出自他们自己劳作,自己生产,而不是吝啬的主人施舍的嗟来之食,因而他们吃的是自己所有的食物,每嚼一口都是一种无比的享受。尽管他们还没有什么经验,但随着寄生的人的离去,每一个动物便有了更多的食物,也有了更多的闲暇。他们遇到过不少麻烦,但也都顺利解决了。比如,这年年底,收完玉米后,因为庄园里没有打谷机和脱粒机,他们就有那种古老的方式,踩来踩去地把玉米粒弄下来,再靠嘴巴把秣壳吹掉。面对困难,猪的机灵和鲍克瑟的力大无比总能使他们顺利度过难关。动物们对鲍克瑟赞叹不已。即使在琼斯时期,鲍克瑟就一直是个勤劳而持之以恒的好劳力,而今,他更是一个顶三个,那一双强劲的肩膀,常常象是承担了庄园里所有的活计。从早到晚,他不停地拉呀推呀,总是出现在工作最艰苦的地方。他早就和一只小公鸡约好,每天早晨,小公鸡提前半小时叫醒他,他就在正式上工之前先干一些志愿活,而这些活看起来也是最急需的。无论遇到什么困难和挫折,鲍克瑟的回答总是:“我要更加努力工作”,这句话也是他一直引用的座右铭。

  但是,每个动物都只能量力而行,比如鸡和鸭子,收获时单靠他们捡拾零落的谷粒,就节约了五蒲式耳的玉米。没有谁偷吃,也没有谁为自己的口粮抱怨,那些过去习以为常的争吵、咬斗和嫉妒也几乎一扫而光。没有或者说几乎没有动物开小差逃工。不过,倒真有这样的事:莫丽不太习惯早晨起来,她还有一个坏毛病,常常借故蹄子里夹了个石子,便丢下地里的活,早早溜走了。猫的表现也多少与众不同。每当有活干的时候,大家就发现怎么也找不到猫了。她会连续几小时不见踪影,直到吃饭时,或者收工后,才若无其事一般重新露面。可是她总有绝妙的理由,咕咕噜噜地说着,简直真诚得叫谁也没法怀疑她动机良好。老本杰明,就是那头驴,起义后似乎变化不大。他还是和在琼斯时期一样,慢条斯理地干活,从不开小差,也从不支援承担额外工作。对于起义和起义的结果,他从不表态。谁要问他是否为琼斯的离去而感到高兴,他就只说一句:“驴都长寿,你们谁都没有见过死驴呢”。面对他那神秘的回答,其他动物只好就此罢休。

  星期天没有活,早餐比平时晚一个小时,早餐之后,有一项每周都要举行的仪式,从不例外。先是升旗。这面旗是斯诺鲍以前在农具室里找到的一块琼斯夫人的绿色旧台布,上面用白漆画了一个蹄子和犄角,它每星期天早晨在庄主院花园的旗杆上升起。斯诺鲍解释说,旗是绿色的,象征绿色的英格兰大地。而蹄子和犄角象征着未来的动物共和国,这个共和国将在人类最终被铲除时诞生。升旗之后,所有动物列队进入大谷仓,参加一个名为“大会议”的全体会议。在这里将规划出有关下一周的工作,提出和讨论各项决议。别的动物知道怎样表决,但从未能自己提出任何议题。而斯诺鲍和拿破仑则分别是讨论中最活跃的中心。但显而易见,他们两个一直合不来,无论其中一个建议什么,另一个就准会反其道而行之。甚至对已经通过的议题,比如把果园后面的小牧场留给年老体衰的动物,这一个实际上谁都不反对的议题,他们也是同样如此。为各类动物确定退休年龄,也要激烈争论一番。大会议总是随着“英格兰兽”的歌声结束,下午留作娱乐时间。

  猪已经把农具室当作他们自己的指挥部了。一到晚上,他们就在这里,从那些在庄主院里拿来的书上学习打铁、木工和其他必备的技艺。斯诺鲍自己还忙于组织其他动物加入他所谓的“动物委员会”。他为母鸡设立了“产蛋委员会”,为牛设立了“洁尾社”,还设立了“野生同志再教育委员会”(这个委员会目的在于驯化耗子和兔子),又为羊发起了“让毛更白运动”等等。此外,还组建了一个读写班。为这一切,他真是不知疲倦。但总的来说。这些活动都失败了,例如,驯化野生动物的努力几乎立即流产。这些野生动物仍旧一如既往,要是对他们宽宏大量,他们就公然趁机钻空子。猫参加了“再教育委员会”,很活跃了几天。有动物看见她曾经有一天在窝棚顶上和一些她够不着的麻雀交谈。她告诉麻雀说,动物现在都是同志,任何麻雀,只要他们愿意,都可以到她的爪子上来,并在上面休息,但麻雀们还是对她敬而远之。

  然而,读书班却相当成功。到了秋季,庄园里几乎所有的动物都不同程度地扫了盲。

  对猪来说,他们已经能够十分熟练地读写。狗的阅读能力也练得相当不错,可惜他们只对读“七诫”有兴趣。山羊穆丽尔比狗读得还要好,她还常在晚上把从垃圾堆里找来的剪报念给其他动物听。本杰明读得不比任何猪逊色,但从不运用发挥他的本领。他说,据他所知,迄今为止,还没有什么值得读的东西。克拉弗学会了全部字母,可是就拼不成单词。鲍克瑟只能学到字母D,他会用硕大的蹄子在尘土上摹写出A、B、C、D,然后,站在那里,翘着耳朵,目不转睛地盯着,而且还不时抖动一下额毛,竭尽全力地想下一个字母,可总是想不起来。有好几次,真的,他确实学到了E、F、G、H,但等他学会了这几个,又总是发现他已经忘了A、B、C、D。最后,他决定满足于头四个字母,并在每天坚持写上一两遍,以加强记忆。莫丽除了那六个拼出她自己名字的字母Mollie外,再也不肯学点别的。她会用几根细嫩的树枝,非常灵巧地拼出她的名字,然后用一两支鲜花装饰一下,再绕着它们走几圈,赞叹一番。

  庄园里的其他动物都只学会了一个字母A。另外还有一点,那些比较迟钝的动物,如羊、鸡、鸭子等,还没有学会熟记“七诫”。于是,斯诺鲍经过反复思忖,宣布“七诫”

  实际上可以简化为一条准则,那就是“四条腿好,两条腿坏”。他说,这条准则包含了动物主义的基本原则,无论是谁,一旦完全掌握了这个准则,便免除了受到人类影响的危险。起初,禽鸟们首先表示反对,因为他们好像也只有两条腿,到斯诺鲍向他们证明这其实不然。

  “同志们,”他说道,“禽鸟的翅膀,是一种推动行进的器官,而不是用来操作和控制的,因此,它和腿是一回事。而人的不同特点是手,那是他们作恶多端的器官。”

  对这一番长篇大论,禽鸟们并没有弄懂,但他们接受了斯诺鲍的解释。同时,所有这类反应较慢的动物,都开始郑重其事地在心里熟记这个新准则。“四条腿好,两条腿坏”还题写在大谷仓一端的墙上,位于“七诫”的上方,字体比“七诫”还要大。

  羊一旦在心里记住了这个准则之后,就愈发兴致勃勃。当他们躺在地里时,就经常咩咩地叫着:“四条腿好,两条腿坏!四条腿好,两条腿坏!”一叫就是几个小时,从不觉得厌烦。

  拿破仑对斯诺鲍的什么委员会没有半点兴趣。他说,比起为那些已经长大成型的动物做的事来说,对年轻一代的教育才更为重要。赶巧,在收割牧草后不久,杰西和布鲁拜尔都下崽了,生下了九条强壮的小狗。等这些小狗刚一断奶,拿破仑说他愿意为他们的教育负责,再把它们从母亲身边带走了。他把他们带到一间阁楼上,那间阁楼只有从农具室搭着梯子才能上去。他们处于这样的隔离状态中,庄园里其他动物很快就把他们忘掉了。

  牛奶的神秘去向不久就弄清了。原来,它每天被掺到猪饲料里。这时,早茬的苹果正在成熟,果园的草坪上遍布着被风吹落的果子。动物们以为把这些果子平均分配乃是理所当然。然而,有一天,发布了这样一个指示,说是让把所有被风吹落下来的苹果收集起来,带到农具室去供猪食用。对此,其他有些动物嘟嘟囔囔地直发牢骚,但是,这也无济于事。所有的猪对此都完全赞同,甚至包括斯诺鲍和拿破仑在内。斯奎拉奉命对其他动物作些必要的解释。

  “同志们,”他大声嚷道,“你们不会把我们猪这样做看成是出于自私和特权吧?

  我希望你们不。实际上,我们中有许多猪根本不喜欢牛奶和苹果。我自己就很不喜欢。

  我们食用这些东西的唯一目的是要保护我们的健康。牛奶和苹果(这一点已经被科学所证明,同志们)包含的营养对猪的健康来说是绝对必需的。我们猪是脑力劳动者。庄园的全部管理和组织工作都要依靠我们。我们夜以继日地为大家的幸福费尽心机。因此,这是为了你们,我们才喝牛奶,才吃苹果的。你们知道吧,万一我们猪失职了,那会发生什么事情呢?琼斯会卷土重来!是的,琼斯会卷土重来!真的,同志们!”斯奎拉一边左右蹦跳着,一边甩动着尾巴,几乎恳求地大喊道:“真的,你没有谁想看到琼斯卷土重来吧?”

  此时,如果说还有那么一件事情动物们能完全肯定的话,那就是他们不愿意让琼斯回来。当斯奎拉的见解说明了这一点以后,他们就不再有什么可说的了。使猪保持良好健康的重要性再也清楚不过了。于是,再没有继续争论,大家便一致同意:牛奶和被风吹落的苹果(并且还有苹果成熟后的主要收获)应当单独分配给猪。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 toiled 599622ddec16892278f7d146935604a3     
长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的过去式和过去分词 ); 艰难缓慢地移动,跋涉
参考例句:
  • They toiled up the hill in the blazing sun. 他们冒着炎炎烈日艰难地一步一步爬上山冈。
  • He toiled all day long but earned very little. 他整天劳碌但挣得很少。
2 implements 37371cb8af481bf82a7ea3324d81affc     
n.工具( implement的名词复数 );家具;手段;[法律]履行(契约等)v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
3 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
4 hind Cyoya     
adj.后面的,后部的
参考例句:
  • The animal is able to stand up on its hind limbs.这种动物能够用后肢站立。
  • Don't hind her in her studies.不要在学业上扯她后腿。
5 mowing 2624de577751cbaf6c6d7c6a554512ef     
n.割草,一次收割量,牧草地v.刈,割( mow的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The lawn needs mowing. 这草坪的草该割了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • "Do you use it for mowing?" “你是用它割草么?” 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
6 boxer sxKzdR     
n.制箱者,拳击手
参考例句:
  • The boxer gave his opponent a punch on the nose.这个拳击手朝他对手的鼻子上猛击一拳。
  • He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer.他像拳击手一样踮着脚轻盈移动。
7 reins 370afc7786679703b82ccfca58610c98     
感情,激情; 缰( rein的名词复数 ); 控制手段; 掌管; (成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的)保护带
参考例句:
  • She pulled gently on the reins. 她轻轻地拉着缰绳。
  • The government has imposed strict reins on the import of luxury goods. 政府对奢侈品的进口有严格的控制手段。
8 steadily Qukw6     
adv.稳定地;不变地;持续地
参考例句:
  • The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
  • Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。
9 gee ZsfzIu     
n.马;int.向右!前进!,惊讶时所发声音;v.向右转
参考例句:
  • Their success last week will gee the team up.上星期的胜利将激励这支队伍继续前进。
  • Gee,We're going to make a lot of money.哇!我们会赚好多钱啦!
10 gathering ChmxZ     
n.集会,聚会,聚集
参考例句:
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
11 beaks 66bf69cd5b0e1dfb0c97c1245fc4fbab     
n.鸟嘴( beak的名词复数 );鹰钩嘴;尖鼻子;掌权者
参考例句:
  • Baby cockatoos will have black eyes and soft, almost flexible beaks. 雏鸟凤头鹦鹉黑色的眼睛是柔和的,嘴几乎是灵活的。 来自互联网
  • Squid beaks are often found in the stomachs of sperm whales. 经常能在抹香鲸的胃里发现鱿鱼的嘴。 来自互联网
12 doled 86af1872f19d01499d5f6d6e6dbc2b3a     
救济物( dole的过去式和过去分词 ); 失业救济金
参考例句:
  • The food was doled out to the poor. 食品分发给了穷人。
  • Sisco briskly doled out the United States positions on the key issues. 西斯科轻快地把美国在重大问题上的立场放了出去。
13 grudging grudging     
adj.勉强的,吝啬的
参考例句:
  • He felt a grudging respect for her talents as an organizer.他勉强地对她的组织才能表示尊重。
  • After a pause he added"sir."in a dilatory,grudging way.停了一会他才慢吞吞地、勉勉强强地加了一声“先生”。
14 parasitical ec0a4d7ec2ee8e5897c8d303a188ad6a     
adj. 寄生的(符加的)
参考例句:
  • It is related to her prior infestation by the dominant parasitical species here. 那是涉及在她身上已经滋生了的具备支配权的优势寄生物种。
  • Finally, the array antennas composed of parasitical cells are mainly researched. 最后,本文重点研究了由加寄生天线的单元组成的天线阵列。
15 chaff HUGy5     
v.取笑,嘲笑;n.谷壳
参考例句:
  • I didn't mind their chaff.我不在乎他们的玩笑。
  • Old birds are not caught with chaff.谷糠难诱老雀。
16 possessed xuyyQ     
adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的
参考例句:
  • He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。
  • He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。
17 admiration afpyA     
n.钦佩,赞美,羡慕
参考例句:
  • He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
  • We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。
18 mighty YDWxl     
adj.强有力的;巨大的
参考例句:
  • A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
  • The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。
19 setback XzuwD     
n.退步,挫折,挫败
参考例句:
  • Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
  • She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。
20 grumbled ed735a7f7af37489d7db1a9ef3b64f91     
抱怨( grumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 发牢骚; 咕哝; 发哼声
参考例句:
  • He grumbled at the low pay offered to him. 他抱怨给他的工资低。
  • The heat was sweltering, and the men grumbled fiercely over their work. 天热得让人发昏,水手们边干活边发着牢骚。
21 rations c925feb39d4cfbdc2c877c3b6085488e     
定量( ration的名词复数 ); 配给量; 正常量; 合理的量
参考例句:
  • They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
  • The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。
22 jealousy WaRz6     
n.妒忌,嫉妒,猜忌
参考例句:
  • Some women have a disposition to jealousy.有些女人生性爱妒忌。
  • I can't support your jealousy any longer.我再也无法忍受你的嫉妒了。
23 hoof 55JyP     
n.(马,牛等的)蹄
参考例句:
  • Suddenly he heard the quick,short click of a horse's hoof behind him.突然间,他听见背后响起一阵急骤的马蹄的得得声。
  • I was kicked by a hoof.我被一只蹄子踢到了。
24 peculiar cinyo     
adj.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的
参考例句:
  • He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
  • He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。
25 obstinate m0dy6     
adj.顽固的,倔强的,不易屈服的,较难治愈的
参考例句:
  • She's too obstinate to let anyone help her.她太倔强了,不会让任何人帮她的。
  • The trader was obstinate in the negotiation.这个商人在谈判中拗强固执。
26 cryptic yyDxu     
adj.秘密的,神秘的,含义模糊的
参考例句:
  • She made a cryptic comment about how the film mirrored her life.她隐晦地表示说这部电影是她人生的写照。
  • The new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms.新的保险单在编写时没有隐秘条款或秘密条款。
27 hoisting 6a0100693c5737e7867f0a1c6b40d90d     
起重,提升
参考例句:
  • The hoisting capacity of that gin pole (girder pole, guy derrick) is sixty tons. 那个起重抱杆(格状抱杆、转盘抱杆)的起重能力为60吨。 来自口语例句
  • We must use mechanical hoisting to load the goods. 我们必须用起重机来装载货物。
28 tablecloth lqSwh     
n.桌布,台布
参考例句:
  • He sat there ruminating and picking at the tablecloth.他坐在那儿沉思,轻轻地抚弄着桌布。
  • She smoothed down a wrinkled tablecloth.她把起皱的桌布熨平了。
29 farmhouse kt1zIk     
n.农场住宅(尤指主要住房)
参考例句:
  • We fell for the farmhouse as soon as we saw it.我们对那所农舍一见倾心。
  • We put up for the night at a farmhouse.我们在一间农舍投宿了一夜。
30 overthrown 1e19c245f384e53a42f4faa000742c18     
adj. 打翻的,推倒的,倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词
参考例句:
  • The president was overthrown in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被赶下台。
  • He has overthrown the basic standards of morality. 他已摒弃了基本的道德标准。
31 orchard UJzxu     
n.果园,果园里的全部果树,(美俚)棒球场
参考例句:
  • My orchard is bearing well this year.今年我的果园果实累累。
  • Each bamboo house was surrounded by a thriving orchard.每座竹楼周围都是茂密的果园。
32 indefatigable F8pxA     
adj.不知疲倦的,不屈不挠的
参考例句:
  • His indefatigable spirit helped him to cope with his illness.他不屈不挠的精神帮助他对抗病魔。
  • He was indefatigable in his lectures on the aesthetics of love.在讲授关于爱情的美学时,他是不知疲倦的。
33 generosity Jf8zS     
n.大度,慷慨,慷慨的行为
参考例句:
  • We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
  • We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。
34 perch 5u1yp     
n.栖木,高位,杆;v.栖息,就位,位于
参考例句:
  • The bird took its perch.鸟停歇在栖木上。
  • Little birds perch themselves on the branches.小鸟儿栖歇在树枝上。
35 literate 181zu     
n.学者;adj.精通文学的,受过教育的
参考例句:
  • Only a few of the nation's peasants are literate.这个国家的农民中只有少数人能识字。
  • A literate person can get knowledge through reading many books.一个受过教育的人可以通过读书而获得知识。
36 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
37 scraps 737e4017931b7285cdd1fa3eb9dd77a3     
油渣
参考例句:
  • Don't litter up the floor with scraps of paper. 不要在地板上乱扔纸屑。
  • A patchwork quilt is a good way of using up scraps of material. 做杂拼花布棉被是利用零碎布料的好办法。
38 faculty HhkzK     
n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员
参考例句:
  • He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
  • He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。
39 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
40 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
41 twig VK1zg     
n.小树枝,嫩枝;v.理解
参考例句:
  • He heard the sharp crack of a twig.他听到树枝清脆的断裂声。
  • The sharp sound of a twig snapping scared the badger away.细枝突然折断的刺耳声把獾惊跑了。
42 maxim G2KyJ     
n.格言,箴言
参考例句:
  • Please lay the maxim to your heart.请把此格言记在心里。
  • "Waste not,want not" is her favourite maxim.“不浪费则不匮乏”是她喜爱的格言。
43 thoroughly sgmz0J     
adv.完全地,彻底地,十足地
参考例句:
  • The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
  • The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。
44 mischief jDgxH     
n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,捣蛋,胡闹
参考例句:
  • Nobody took notice of the mischief of the matter. 没有人注意到这件事情所带来的危害。
  • He seems to intend mischief.看来他想捣蛋。
45 inscribed 65fb4f97174c35f702447e725cb615e7     
v.写,刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 );内接
参考例句:
  • His name was inscribed on the trophy. 他的名字刻在奖杯上。
  • The names of the dead were inscribed on the wall. 死者的名字被刻在墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
46 liking mpXzQ5     
n.爱好;嗜好;喜欢
参考例句:
  • The word palate also means taste or liking.Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
  • I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration.我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。
47 bleating ba46da1dd0448d69e0fab1a7ebe21b34     
v.(羊,小牛)叫( bleat的现在分词 );哭诉;发出羊叫似的声音;轻声诉说
参考例句:
  • I don't like people who go around bleating out things like that. 我不喜欢跑来跑去讲那种蠢话的人。 来自辞典例句
  • He heard the tinny phonograph bleating as he walked in. 他步入室内时听到那架蹩脚的留声机在呜咽。 来自辞典例句
48 bluebell 4x4zpF     
n.风铃草
参考例句:
  • The girl picked herself up and pulled a bluebell out of her hair.姑娘坐起身来,从头发里摘出一枝风铃草。
  • There is a branch of bluebell in the vase.花瓶里有一束风铃草。
49 loft VkhyQ     
n.阁楼,顶楼
参考例句:
  • We could see up into the loft from bottom of the stairs.我们能从楼梯脚边望到阁楼的内部。
  • By converting the loft,they were able to have two extra bedrooms.把阁楼改造一下,他们就可以多出两间卧室。
50 seclusion 5DIzE     
n.隐遁,隔离
参考例句:
  • She liked to sunbathe in the seclusion of her own garden.她喜欢在自己僻静的花园里晒日光浴。
  • I live very much in seclusion these days.这些天我过着几乎与世隔绝的生活。
51 mash o7Szl     
n.麦芽浆,糊状物,土豆泥;v.把…捣成糊状,挑逗,调情
参考例句:
  • He beat the potato into a mash before eating it.他把马铃薯捣烂后再吃。
  • Whiskey,originating in Scotland,is distilled from a mash of grains.威士忌源于苏格兰,是从一种大麦芽提纯出来的。
52 ripening 5dd8bc8ecf0afaf8c375591e7d121c56     
v.成熟,使熟( ripen的现在分词 );熟化;熟成
参考例句:
  • The corn is blossoming [ripening]. 玉米正在开花[成熟]。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • When the summer crop is ripening, the autumn crop has to be sowed. 夏季作物成熟时,就得播种秋季作物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
53 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
54 squealer 1b6687cd6e32f4cadfa6fb0f14911fcb     
发出尖叫声的人;雏鸽;小松鸡;小鹌鹑
参考例句:
  • Trust us, if you at their pictures long enough, you're bound to become another squealer. 相信我们,如果你盯着这些照片看上一段时间,必定会成为另一个尖叫粉丝。 来自互联网
55 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
56 organisation organisation     
n.组织,安排,团体,有机休
参考例句:
  • The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
  • His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。


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