CHAPTER XLIV

　　The present Bogdo Khan of Outer Mongolia is a Tibetan. He sprangfrom a poor family living in the neighborhood of Sakkia Kure inwestern Tibet. From earliest youth he had a stormy, quiteunaesthetic nature. He was fired with the idea of the independenceand glorification¹ of Mongolia and the successors of Jenghiz Khan.

This gave him at once a great influence among the Lamas, Princesand Khans of Mongolia and also with the Russian Government whichalways tried to attract him to their side. He did not fear toarraign himself against the Manchu dynasty in China and always hadthe help of Russia, Tibet, the Buriats and Kirghiz, furnishing himwith money, weapons, warriors² and diplomatic aid. The ChineseEmperors avoided open war with the Living God, because it mightarouse the protests of the Chinese Buddhists³. At one time theysent to the Bogdo Khan a skilful⁴ doctor-poisoner. The LivingBuddha, however, at once understood the meaning of this medicalattention and, knowing the power of Asiatic poisons, decided⁶ tomake a journey through the Mongol monasteries⁷ and through Tibet.

As his substitute he left a Hubilgan who made friends with theChinese doctor and inquired from him the purposes and details ofhis arrival. Very soon the Chinese died from some unknown causeand the Living Buddha⁵ returned to his comfortable capital.

On another occasion danger threatened the Living God. It was whenLhasa decided that the Bogdo Khan was carrying out a policy tooindependent of Tibet. The Dalai Lama began negotiations⁸ withseveral Khans and Princes with the Sain Noion Khan and JassaktuKhan leading the movement and persuaded them to accelerate theimmigration of the Spirit of Buddha into another human form. Theycame to Urga where the Bogdo Khan met them with honors andrejoicings. A great feast was made for them and the conspiratorsalready felt themselves the accomplishers of the orders of theDalai Lama. However, at the end of the feast, they had differentfeelings and died with them during the night. The Living Buddhaordered their bodies sent with full honors to their families.

The Bogdo Khan knows every thought, every movement of the Princesand Khans, the slightest conspiracy⁹ against himself, and theoffender is usually kindly¹⁰ invited to Urga, from where he does notreturn alive.

The Chinese Government decided to terminate the line of the LivingBuddhas. Ceasing to fight with the Pontiff of Urga, the Governmentcontrived the following scheme for accomplishing its ends.

Peking invited the Pandita Gheghen from Dolo Nor and the head ofthe Chinese Lamaites, the Hutuktu of Utai, both of whom do notrecognize the supremacy¹¹ of the Living Buddha, to come to thecapital. They decided, after consulting the old Buddhistic¹² books,that the present Bogdo Khan was to be the last Living Buddha,because that part of the Spirit of Buddha which dwells in the BogdoKhans can abide¹³ only thirty-one times in the human body. BogdoKhan is the thirty-first Incarnated¹⁴ Buddha from the time of UndurGheghen and with him, therefore, the dynasty of the Urga Pontiffsmust cease. However, on hearing this the Bogdo Khan himself didsome research work and found in the old Tibetan manuscripts thatone of the Tibetan Pontiffs was married and his son was a naturalIncarnated Buddha. So the Bogdo Khan married and now has a son, avery capable and energetic young man, and thus the religious throneof Jenghiz Khan will not be left empty. The dynasty of the Chineseemperors disappeared from the stage of political events but theLiving Buddha continues to be a center for the Pan-Asiatic idea.

The new Chinese Government in 1920 held the Living Buddha underarrest in his palace but at the beginning of 1921 Baron¹⁵ Ungerncrossed the sacred Bogdo-Ol and approached the palace from therear. Tibetan riders shot the Chinese sentries¹⁶ with bow and arrowand afterwards the Mongols penetrated¹⁷ into the palace and stoletheir "God," who immediately stirred up all Mongolia and awakenedthe hopes of the Asiatic peoples and tribes.

In the great palace of the Bogdo a Lama showed me a special casketcovered with a precious carpet, wherein they keep the bulls of theDalai and Tashi Lamas, the decrees of the Russian and ChineseEmperors and the Treaties between Mongolia, Russia, China andTibet. In this same casket is the copper¹⁸ plate bearing themysterious sign of the "King of the World" and the chronicle of thelast vision of the Living Buddha.

1 glorification   

n.赞颂

参考例句：

• Militant devotion to and glorification of one's country; fanatical patriotism. 对国家的军事效忠以及美化；狂热的爱国主义。
• Glorification-A change of place, a new condition with God. 得荣─在神面前新处境，改变了我们的结局。

2 warriors   

武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I like reading the stories ofancient warriors. 我喜欢读有关古代武士的故事。
• The warriors speared the man to death. 武士们把那个男子戳死了。

3 Buddhists   

n.佛教徒( Buddhist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Jesuits in a phase of ascendancy, persecuted and insulted the Buddhists with great acrimony. 处于地位上升阶段的耶稣会修士迫害佛教徒，用尖刻的语言辱骂他们。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• The return of Saivite rule to central Java had brought no antagonism between Buddhists and Hindus. 湿婆教在中爪哇恢复统治后，并没有导致佛教徒与印度教徒之间的对立。 来自辞典例句

4 skilful   

(=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的

参考例句：

• The more you practise,the more skilful you'll become.练习的次数越多，熟练的程度越高。
• He's not very skilful with his chopsticks.他用筷子不大熟练。

5 Buddha   

n.佛；佛像；佛陀

参考例句：

• Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed.几个妇女跪在佛像前祈祷。
• He has kept the figure of Buddha for luck.为了图吉利他一直保存着这尊佛像。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 monasteries   

修道院( monastery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• In ancient China, there were lots of monasteries. 在古时候，中国有许多寺院。
• The Negev became a religious center with many monasteries and churches. 内格夫成为许多庙宇和教堂的宗教中心。

8 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

9 conspiracy   

n.阴谋，密谋，共谋

参考例句：

• The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
• He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。

10 kindly   

adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地

参考例句：

• Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
• A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。

11 supremacy   

n.至上；至高权力

参考例句：

• No one could challenge her supremacy in gymnastics.她是最优秀的体操运动员，无人能胜过她。
• Theoretically,she holds supremacy as the head of the state.从理论上说，她作为国家的最高元首拥有至高无上的权力。

12 Buddhistic   

adj.佛陀的，佛教的

参考例句：

• Among his ideologies, the Buddhistic ideology was the leading one. 其中 ，佛教思想占主导地位。 来自互联网
• Buddhistic culture tourism has historically been an essential conponent of the tourist industy. 佛教文化旅游 ，自古以来就是旅游活动的重要组成部分。 来自互联网

13 abide   

vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受

参考例句：

• You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
• If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

14 incarnated   

v.赋予（思想、精神等）以人的形体( incarnate的过去式和过去分词 )；使人格化；体现；使具体化

参考例句：

• Dickens incarnated hypocrisy in his Uriah Heep. 狄更斯把虚伪体现在他塑造的人物赖亚·赫普身上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His ideals were incarnated in his music. 他的理想具体地体现在他的音乐中。 来自辞典例句

15 baron   

n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王

参考例句：

• Henry Ford was an automobile baron.亨利·福特是一位汽车业巨头。
• The baron lived in a strong castle.男爵住在一座坚固的城堡中。

16 sentries   

哨兵，步兵( sentry的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We posted sentries at the gates of the camp. 我们在军营的大门口布置哨兵。
• We were guarded by sentries against surprise attack. 我们由哨兵守卫，以免遭受突袭。

17 penetrated   

adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The knife had penetrated his chest. 刀子刺入了他的胸膛。
• They penetrated into territory where no man had ever gone before. 他们已进入先前没人去过的地区。

18 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。