As to refutations that depend on begging and assuming the original point to be proved, suppose the nature of the question to be obvious, one should not grant it, even though it be a view generally held, but should tell him the truth. Suppose, however, that it escapes one, then, thanks to the badness of arguments of that kind, one should make one’s error
recoil1 upon the questioner, and say that he has brought no argument: for a refutation must be proved independently of the original point.
Secondly2, one should say that the point was granted under the impression that he intended not to use it as a premiss, but to reason against it, in the opposite way from that adopted in refutations on side issues.
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1
recoil
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| vi.退却，退缩，畏缩 |
参考例句： |
- Most people would recoil at the sight of the snake.许多人看见蛇都会向后退缩。
- Revenge may recoil upon the person who takes it.报复者常会受到报应。
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2
secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 |
参考例句： |
- Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。
- Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。
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