Between this Father provincial and the Count of the Privy-council there existed an acquaintanceship of long standing21: they seldom saw each other, but whenever they met, it was with great demonstrations23 of friendship, and reiterated24 offers of service. It is sometimes easier to transact25 business advantageously with a person who presides over many individuals than with only one of those same individuals, who sees but his own motives27, feels but his own passions, seeks only his own ends; while the former instantly perceives a hundred relations, contingencies28, and interests, a hundred objects to secure or avoid, and can, therefore, be taken on a hundred different sides.
When all had been well arranged in his mind, the Count one day invited the Father provincial to dinner, to meet a circle of guests selected with superlative judgment29:— an assemblage of men of the highest rank, whose family alone bore a lofty title, and who by their carriage, by a certain native boldness, by a lordly air of disdain30, and by talking of great things in familiar terms, succeeded, even without intending it, in impressing, and, on every occasion, keeping up, the idea of their superiority and power; together with a few clients bound to the house by an hereditary31 devotion, and to its head by the servitude of a whole life; who, beginning with the soup to say ‘yes’, with their lips, their eyes, their ears, their head, their whole body, and their whole heart, had made a man, by dessert-time, almost forget how to say ‘no.’
At table, the noble host quickly turned the conversation upon Madrid. There are many ways and means of accomplishing one’s object, and he tried all. He spoke32 of the court, the Count-duke, the ministers, and the governor’s family; of the bull-baits, which he could accurately33 describe, having been a spectator from a very advantageous26 post; and of the Escurial, of which he could give a minute account, because of the Count-duke’s pages had conducted him through every nook and corner of it. For some time the company continued like an audience, attentive34 to him alone; but, by degrees, they divided into small groups of talkers, and he then proceeded to relate further anecdotes35 of the great things he had seen, as in confidence, to the Father provincial, who was seated near him, and who suffered him to talk on without interruption. But at a certain point he gave a turn to the conversation, and, leaving Madrid, proceeded from court to court, and from dignitary to dignitary, till he had brought upon the tapis Cardinal36 Barberini, a Capuchin, and brother to the then reigning37 Pope, Urban VIII. The Count was at last obliged to cease talking for a while, and be content to listen, and remember that, after all, there were some people in the world who were not born to live and act only for him. Shortly after leaving the table, he requested the Father provincial to step with him into another apartment.Two men of authority, age, and consummate38 experience, now found themselves standing opposite to each other. The noble lord requested the reverend Father to take a seat, and, placing himself at his side, began as follows: ‘Considering the friendship that exists between us, I thought I might venture to speak a word to your Reverence39 on a matter of mutual40 interest, which it would be better to settle between ourselves, without taking any other courses, which might . . . But, without further preface, I will candidly41 tell you to what I allude42, and I doubt not you will immediately agree with me. Tell me: in your convent of Pescarenico there is a certain Father Cristoforo of . . .?’
The Provincial bowed assent43.
‘Your Paternity will be good enough then, frankly44, like a friend, to tell me . . . this person . . . this Father . . . I don’t know him personally; I am acquainted with several Capuchin fathers, zealous45, prudent46, humble47 men, who are worth their weight in gold: I have been a friend to the order from my boyhood . . . But in every rather numerous family . . . there is always some individual, some wild . . . And this Father Cristoforo, I know by several occurrences that he is a person . . . rather inclined to disputes . . . who has not all the prudence48, all the circumspection49 . . . I dare say he has more than once given your Paternity some anxiety.’
— I understand; this is a specimen50 — thought the Provincial in the meantime. — It is my fault; I knew that blessed Cristoforo was fitter to go about from pulpit to pulpit, than to be set down for six months in one place, specially51 in a country convent. —
‘Oh!’ said he aloud, ‘I am really very sorry to hear that your Highness entertains such an opinion of Father Cristoforo; for, as far as I know, he is a most exemplary monk52 in the convent, and is held in much esteem53 also in the neighbourhood.’
‘I understand perfectly54; your Reverence ought . . . However, as a sincere friend, I wish to inform you of a thing which it is important for you to know; and even if you are already acquainted with it, I think, without exceeding my duty, I should caution you against the (I only say) possible consequences. Do you know that this Father Cristoforo has taken under his protection a man of that country, a man . . . of whom your Paternity has doubtless heard mention; him who escaped in such disgrace from the hands of justice, after having done things on that terrible day of St. Martin . . . things . . . Lorenzo Tramaglino?’
— Alas55! — thought the Provincial, as he replied: ‘This particular is quite new to me, but your Highness is sufficiently56 aware that it is a part of our office to seek those who have gone astray, to recall them . . . ’
‘Yes, yes; but intercourse57 with offenders58 of a certain kind! . . . is rather a dangerous thing — a very delicate affair . . . ’ And here, instead of puffing59 out his cheeks and panting, he compressed his lips, and drew in as much air as he was accustomed to send forth60 with such profound importance. He then resumed: ‘I thought it as well to give you this hint, because if ever his Excellency . . . He may have had some business at Rome . . . I don’t know, though . . . and there might come to you from Rome . . . ’
‘I am much obliged to your Lordship for this information, but I feel confident, that if they would make inquiries61 on this subject, they would find that Father Cristoforo has had no intercourse with the person you mention, unless it be to try and set him right again. I know Father Cristoforo well.’
‘You know, probably, already, better than I do, what kind of a man he was as a layman62, and the life he led in his youth.’
‘It is one of the glories of our habit, Signor Count, that a man who has given ever so much occasion in the world for men to talk about him, becomes a different person when he has assumed this dress. And ever since Father Cristoforo has worn the habit . . . ’
‘I would gladly believe it, I assure you — I would gladly believe it; but sometimes . . . as the proverb says . . . “It is not the cowl that makes the friar.”’
The proverb was not exactly to the purpose, but the Count had cited it instead of another, which had crossed his mind: ‘The wolf changes its skin, but not its nature.’
‘I have facts,’ continued he; ‘I have positive proofs . . . ’
‘If you know for certain,’ interrupted the Provincial, ‘that this friar has been guilty of any fault, (and we are all liable to err13), you will do me a favour to inform me of it. I am his superior, though unworthily; but it is, therefore, my duty to correct and reprove.’
‘I will tell you; together with the unpleasing circumstance of the favour this Father displays towards the person I have mentioned, there is another grievous thing, which may . . . But we will settle all this between ourselves at once. This same Father Cristoforo has begun a quarrel with my nephew, Don Rodrigo . . . ’
‘Indeed! I am very sorry to hear it! — very sorry indeed!’
‘My nephew is young, and hot-tempered; he feels what he is, and is not accustomed to be provoked . . . ’
‘It shall be my business to make every inquiry63 on the subject. As I have often told your Lordship, and as you must know, with your great experience in the world, and your noble judgment, far better than I, we are all human, and liable to err . . . some one way, some another; and if our Father Cristoforo has failed . . . ’
‘Your Reverence must perceive that these are matters, as I said, which had better be settled between ourselves, and remain buried with us — things which, if much meddled64 with, will only be made worse. You know how it often happens; these strifes and disputes frequently originate from a mere65 bagatelle66, and become more and more serious as they are suffered to proceed. It is better to strike at the root before they grow to a head, or become the causes of a hundred other contentions67. Suppress it, and cut it short, most reverend Father; suppress, and cut it short. My nephew is young; the monk, from what I hear, has still all the spirit — all the . . . inclinations69 of a young man; and it belongs to us who have some years on our shoulders —(too many, are there not, most reverend Father?) it belongs to us, I say, to have judgment for the young, and try to remedy their errors. Fortunately we are still in good time: the matter has made no stir; it is still a case of a good principiis obsta. Let us remove the straw from the flame. A man who has not done well, or who may be a cause of some trouble in one place, sometimes gets on surprisingly in another. Your Paternity, doubtless, knows where to find a convenient post for this friar. This will also meet the other circumstance of his having, perhaps, fallen under the suspicions of one . . . who would be very glad that he should be removed; and thus, by placing him at a little distance, we shall kill two birds with one stone; all will be quietly settled, or rather, there will be no harm done.’
The Father provincial had expected this conclusion from the beginning of the interview. — Ay, ay! — thought he to himself; — I see well enough what you would bring me to. It’s the usual way; if a poor friar has an encounter with you, or with any one of you, or gives you any offence, right or wrong, the superior must make him march immediately. —
When the Count was at last silent, and had puffed70 forth a long-drawn breath, which was equivalent to a full stop: ‘I understand very well,’ said the Provincial, ‘what your noble Lordship would say; but before taking a step . . . ’
‘It is a step, and it is not a step, most reverend Father. It is a natural thing enough — a very common occurrence; and if it does not come to this, and quickly too, I foresee a mountain of disorders71 — an Iliad of woes72. A mistake . . . my nephew, I do not believe . . . I am here, for this . . . But, at the point at which matters have now arrived, if we do not put a stop to it between ourselves, without loss of time, by one decided73 blow, it is not possible that it should remain a secret . . . and then, it is not only my nephew . . . we raise a hornet’s nest, most reverend Father. You know, we are a powerful family — we have adherents74 . . . ’
‘Plainly enough . . . ’
‘You understand me: they are all persons who have some blood in their veins75, and who . . . count as somebody in the world. Their honour will come in; it will become a common affair; and then . . . even one who is a friend to peace . . . It will be a great grief to me to be obliged . . . to find myself . . . I, who have always had so much kind feeling towards the Capuchin Fathers! You reverend Fathers, to continue to do good, as you have hitherto done, with so much edification among the people, stand in need of peace, should be free from strifes, and in harmony with those who . . . And, besides, you have friends in the world . . . and these affairs of honour, if they go any length, extend themselves, branch out on every side, and draw in . . . half the world. I am in a situation which obliges me to maintain a certain dignity . . . His Excellency . . . my noble colleagues . . . it becomes quite a party matter . . . particularly with that other circumstance . . . You know how these things go.’
‘Certainly,’ said the Father provincial, ‘Father Cristoforo is a preacher; and I had already some thoughts . . . I have just been asked . . . But at this juncture76, and under the present circumstances, it might look like a punishment; and a punishment before having fully77 ascertained78 . . . ’
‘Pshaw! punishment, pshaw! — merely a prudential arrangement — a convenient resource for preventing evils which might ensue . . . I have explained myself.’
‘Between the Signor Count and me things stand in this light, I am aware; but as your Lordship has related the circumstances, it is impossible, I should say, but that something is known in the country around. There are everywhere firebrands, mischief-makers, or, at least, malicious79 priers, who take a mad delight in seeing the nobility and the religious orders at variance80; they observe it immediately, report it, and enlarge upon it . . . Everybody has his dignity to maintain; and I also, as Superior, (though unworthily,) have an express duty . . . The honour of the habit . . . is not my private concern . . . it is a deposit of which . . . Your noble nephew, since he is so high-spirited as your Lordship describes him, might take it as a satisfaction offered to him, and . . . I do not say boast of it, and triumph over him, but . . .?
‘Is your Paternity joking with me? My nephew is a gentleman of some consideration in the world . . . that is, according to his rank and the claims he has; but in my presence he is a mere boy, and will do neither more nor less than I bid him. I will go further, and tell you that my nephew shall know nothing about it. Why need we give any account of what we do? It is all transacted81 between ourselves, as old friends, and never need come to light. Don’t give yourself a thought about this. I ought to be accustomed to be silent.’ And he heaved a deep sigh. ‘As to gossips,’ resumed he, ‘what do you suppose they can say? The departure of a monk to preach somewhere else, is nothing so very uncommon82! And then, we who see . . . we who foresee . . . we who ought . . . we need not give ourselves any concern about gossipings.’
‘At any rate, it would be well to try and prevent them on this occasion, by your noble nephew’s making some demonstration22, giving some open proof of friendship and deference83 . . . not for our sakes, as individuals, but for the sake of the habit . . . ’
‘Certainly, certainly, this is but fair . . . However, there is no need of it; I know that the Capuchins are always received as they ought to be by my nephew. He does so from inclination68; it is quite the disposition of the family; and besides, he knows it is gratifying to me. In this instance, however . . . something more marked . . . is only right. Leave me to settle it, most reverend Father; I will order my nephew . . . that is, I must cautiously suggest it to him, lest he should suspect what has passed between us. It would not do, you know, to lay a plaister where there is no wound. And as to what we have determined upon, the quicker the better. If you can find some post at a little distance . . . to obviate84 every occasion . . . ’
‘I have just been asked for a preacher at Rimini; and perhaps, even without any other reason, I should have thought of . . . ’
‘Exactly apropos85, exactly apropos. And when . . .?’
‘Since the thing must be done, it had better be done at once.’
‘Directly, directly, most reverend Father; better to-day than to-morrow. And,’ continued he, as he rose from his seat, ‘if I can do anything, I or my friends, for our worthy86 Capuchin Fathers . . . ’
‘We know, by experience, the kindness of your house,’ said the Father provincial, also rising, and advancing towards the door, behind his vanquisher87.
‘We have extinguished a spark,’ said the Count, walking slowly forward; ‘a spark, most reverend Father, which might have been fanned into a wide-spreading and dangerous flame. Between friends, two or three words will often settle great things.’
On reaching the other apartment, he threw open the door, and insisted upon the Father’s first entering; then following him in, they mingled88 with the rest of the company.
This nobleman employed a studied politeness, great dexterity89, and fine words, to accomplish his designs; and they produced corresponding effects. In fact, he succeeded, by the conversation we have related, in making Father Cristoforo go, on foot, from Pescarenico to Rimini, which is a very tolerable distance.
One evening, a Capuchin arrived at Pescarenico, from Milan, with a despatch90 to the Father-guardian91. It contained an order for Father Cristoforo to repair at once to Rimini, where he was appointed to preach the course of Lent Sermons. The letter to the guardian contained instructions to insinuate93 to the said friar, that he must give up all thoughts of any business he might have in hand in the neighbourhood he was about to leave, and was not to keep up any correspondence there: the bearer would be his companion by the way. The guardian said nothing that evening; but next morning he summoned Father Cristoforo, showed him the command, bade him take his wallet, staff, maniple, and girdle, and, with the Father whom he presented to him as a companion, immediately set off on his journey.
What a blow this would be to the poor friar, the reader must imagine. Renzo, Lucia, Agnese, instantly rushed into his mind; and he exclaimed, so to say, to himself:— Oh my God! what will these poor creatures do, when I am no longer here! — But instantly raising his eyes to heaven, he reproached himself for want of faith, and for having supposed that he was necessary in anything. He crossed his hands on his breast, in token of obedience94, and bowed his head before the guardian, who, taking him aside, told him the rest of the message, adding a few words of advice, and some sensible precepts95. Father Cristoforo then went into his cell, took his basket, and placed therein his breviary, his sermons, and the bread of forgiveness, bound round his waist a leathern girdle, took leave of his brethren whom he found in the convent, went to request the guardian’s blessing96, and then, with his companion, took the route which had been prescribed for him.
We have said that Don Rodrigo, more than ever resolved to accomplish his praiseworthy undertaking97, had determined to seek the assistance of a very formidable character. Of this personage we can give neither the name, surname, nor title, nor can we even venture a conjecture98 on any one of them; which is the more remarkable99, as we find mention of him in more than one published book of those times. That it is the same personage, the identity of facts leaves no room for doubt; but everywhere a studious endeavour may be traced to conceal100 his name, as if the mention of it would have ignited the pen, and scorched101 the writer’s hand. Francesco Rivola, in his Life of the Cardinal Federigo Borromeo, speaking of this person, says: ‘A nobleman, as powerful by wealth as illustrious by birth,’ and nothing more. Giuseppe Ripamonti, who, in the fifth book of the fifth decade of his Storia Patria, makes more exclusive mention of him, describes him as ‘one,’ ‘this person,’ ‘that person,’ ‘this man,’ ‘that personage.’ ‘I will relate,’ says he, in his elegant Latin, which we translate as follows — ‘the case of one, who, being among the first of the great men of the city, took up his residence in the country; where, securing himself by the force of crime, he set at nought102 justice and judges, all magisterial103, and even all sovereign power. Situated104 on the very confines of the state, he led an independent life; a harbourer of outlaws106, an outlaw105 at one time himself, and then safely returned . . . ’ We will extract, in the sequel, some other passages from this writer, which will serve to confirm and elucidate108 the account of our anonymous109 author, with whom we are travelling onward110.
To do what was forbidden by the public laws, or rendered difficult by an opposing power; to be the arbiter111, the judge in other people’s affairs, without further interest in them than the love of command; to be feared by all, and to have the upper hand among those who were accustomed to hold the same station over others: such had ever been the principal objects and desires of this man. From his youth he had always had a mingled feeling of contempt and impatient envy at the sight or report of the power, rencounters, strifes, or oppressive tyranny of others. Young, and living in a city, he omitted no opportunity, nay112, even sought for them, of setting himself up against the most renowned113 of this profession, either entirely to subdue114 them, to struggle with them, and keep them in awe115, or to induce them to solicit116 his friendship. Superior to most in riches and retinue117, and, perhaps, to all in presumption118 and intrepidity119, he compelled many to retire from competition; some he treated with haughtiness or contempt, some he took as friends; not, however, on an equality with himself, but, as alone would satisfy his proud and arrogant120 mind, as subordinate friends, who would be content to acknowledge their inferiority, and use their hands in his service. In fact, however, he became at length the grand actor, and the instrument of his companions, who never failed to solicit the aid of so powerful an auxiliary121 in all their undertakings122, while for him to draw back, would be to forfeit123 his reputation, and come short of what he had assumed. He went on thus, till, on his own service and that of others, he had gone to such a length, that neither his name, family, friends, nor even his own audacity124, sufficed to secure him against public proclamations and outlawry125, and he was compelled to give way and leave the state. I believe it is to this circumstance that a remarkable incident, related by Ripamonti, refers. ‘On one occasion, when obliged to quit the country, the secrecy126 he used, and the respect and timidity he displayed, were such, that he rode through the city on horseback; followed by a pack of hounds, and accompanied with the sound of the trumpet127; and, in passing before the palace of the court, left an insolent128 message with the guards, for the governor.
During his absence he continued the same practices, not even intermitting his correspondence with those of his friends who remained united to him (to translate literally129 from Ripamonti), ‘in the secret alliance of atrocious consultations130 and fatal deeds.’ It even appears that he engaged the foreign courts in other new and formidable undertakings, of which the above-cited historian speaks with mysterious brevity. ‘Some foreign princes several times availed themselves of his assistance in important murders, and frequently sent him reinforcements of soldiers, from a considerable distance, to act under his orders.’
At length (it is not exactly known how long afterwards) either the sentence of banishment131 against him being withdrawn132, by some powerful intercession, or the audacity of the man serving him in place of any other liberation, he resolved to return home, and, in fact, did return; not, however, to Milan, but to a castle on his manor133, situated on the confines of the Bergamascan territory, at that time, as most of our readers know, under Venetian government; and here he fixed134 his abode. ‘This dwelling,’ we again quote Ripamonti, ‘was as it were, a dispensary of sanguinary mandates135: the servants were outlaws and murderers; the very cooks and scullions were not exempt from homicide; the hands of the children were stained with blood.’ Besides this amiable136 domestic circle, he had, as the same historian affirms, another set of dependents of a similar character dispersed137 abroad, and quartered, so to say, at different posts in the two states on the borders of which he lived, who were always ready to execute his orders.
All the tyrannical noblemen, for a considerable distance round, had been obliged, on one occasion or another, to choose between the friendship or the enmity of this super-eminent tyrant138. Those, however, who at first attempted to resist him, came off so badly in the contest, that no one was ever induced to make a second trial. Neither was it possible, by maintaining a neutral course, or standing, as the saying is, in their own shoes, to keep themselves independent of him. If a message arrived, intimating that such a person must desist from such an undertaking, or cease to molest139 such a debtor140, or so forth, it was necessary to give a decided answer one way or other. When one party came, with the homage141 of a vassal142, to refer any business to his arbitration143, the other party was reduced to the hard alternative of either abiding144 by his sentence, or publicly declaring hostilities145; which was equivalent to being, as the saying is, in the last stage of consumption. Men who were in the wrong had recourse to him that they might be right in effect; many being in the right, yet resorted to him to pre-engage so powerful a patronage146, and close the way against their adversaries147; thus both bad and good came to be dependent upon him. It sometimes happened that the weak, oppressed, harassed148, and tyrannized over by some powerful lord, turned to him for protection; he would then take the part of the oppressed, and force the oppressor to abstain149 from further injuries, to repair the wrongs he had committed, and even to stoop to apologies; or, in case of his proving stubborn and unbending, he would completely crush his power, constrain150 him to quit the place where he had exercised such unjust influence, or even make him pay a more expeditious151 and more terrible penalty. In these cases, his name, usually so dreaded152 and abhorred153, became, for a time, an object of blessing: for (I will not say, this justice, but) this remedy, this recompense of some sort, could not have been expected, under the circumstances of the times, from any other either public or private source. More frequently, and indeed ordinarily, his power and authority ministered to iniquitous154 desires, atrocious revenge, or outrageous155 caprice. But the very opposite uses he made of this power produced in the end the self-same effect, that of impressing all minds with a lofty idea of how much he could will and execute in spite of equity156 or iniquity157, those two things which interpose so many impediments to the accomplishment158 of man’s desires, and so often force him to turn back. The fame of ordinary oppressors was for the most part restricted to the limited tract107 of country where they continually or frequently exercised their oppression: each district had its own tyrant; and these so resembled each other, that there was no reason that people should interfere159 with those from whom they sustained neither injury nor molestation160. But the fame of this man had long been diffused161 throughout every corner of the Milanese: his life was everywhere the subject of popular stories; and his very name carried with it the idea of something formidable, dark, and fabulous162. The suspicions that were everywhere entertained of his confederates and tools of assassination163, contributed to keep alive a constant memento164 of him. They were nothing more than suspicions; since who would have openly acknowledged such a dependence165? but every tyrant might be his associate, every robber one of his assassins; and the very uncertainty166 of the fact rendered the opinion more general, and the terror more profound. At every appearance of an unknown ruffian, more savage167-looking than usual; at every enormous crime, the author of which could not be at first pointed92 out or conjectured168, the name of this man was pronounced and whispered about, whom, thanks to the unhappy circumspection, to give it no other epithet169, of our author’s, we shall be obliged to designate The Unnamed.
The distance between his castle and the palace of Don Rodrigo was not more than seven miles: and no sooner had the latter become a lord and tyrant than he could not help seeing that, at so short a distance from such a personage, it would not be possible to carry on this profession without either coming to blows, or walking hand in hand with him. He had, therefore, offered himself and been accepted, for a friend, in the same way, that is, as the rest: he had rendered him more than one service (the manuscript says nothing further); and had each time been rewarded by promises of requital170 and assistance in any cases of emergency. He took great pains, however, to conceal such a friendship, or at least of what nature and how strict it was. Don Rodrigo liked well enough to play the tyrant, but not the fierce and savage tyrant: the profession was to him a means, not an end: he wished to live at freedom in the city, to enjoy the conveniences, diversions, and honours of social life; and for this end he was obliged to keep up a certain appearance, make much of his family, cultivate the friendship of persons in place, and keep one hand on the scales of justice, so as on any occasion to make them preponderate171 in his favour, either removing them altogether from view, or bringing them to bear with double force on the head of some individual, on whom he could thus more easily accomplish his designs than by the arm of private violence. Now, an intimacy172, or it would be better to say an alliance, with a person of such notoriety, an open enemy of the public power, would certainly not have advanced his interests in these respects, and particularly with his uncle. However, the slight acquaintance which he was unable to conceal, might pass very well for an indispensable attention towards a man whose enmity was much to be deprecated, and thus it might receive excuse from necessity; since one who assumes the charge of providing for another without the will or the means, in the long run consents that his protégé shall provide for himself up to a certain point in his own affairs; and if he does not expressly give his consent, at least he winks173 at it.
One morning, Don Rodrigo set off on horseback, in the guise174 of a hunter, with a small escort of bravoes on foot, Griso at his side, and four others following behind him, and took the road to the castle of the Unnamed.
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ascertain
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| vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清 | |
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ripened
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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wafted
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| v.吹送，飘送，（使）浮动( waft的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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provincial
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| adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人 | |
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haughtiness
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| n.傲慢；傲气 | |
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recoil
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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consonant
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disposition
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overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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err
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| vi.犯错误，出差错 | |
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adversary
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| adj.敌手，对手 | |
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secular
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clergy
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| n.[总称]牧师，神职人员 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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19
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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20
stationary
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| adj.固定的，静止不动的 | |
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21
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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22
demonstration
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| n.表明，示范，论证，示威 | |
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demonstrations
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| 证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威 | |
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24
reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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transact
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| v.处理；做交易；谈判 | |
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26
advantageous
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| adj.有利的；有帮助的 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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contingencies
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| n.偶然发生的事故，意外事故( contingency的名词复数 )；以备万一 | |
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29
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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30
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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31
hereditary
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| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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32
spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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33
accurately
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| adv.准确地，精确地 | |
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34
attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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35
anecdotes
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| n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 ) | |
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36
cardinal
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| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
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37
reigning
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| adj.统治的，起支配作用的 | |
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38
consummate
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| adj.完美的；v.成婚；使完美 [反]baffle | |
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39
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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40
mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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41
candidly
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| adv.坦率地，直率而诚恳地 | |
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42
allude
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| v.提及，暗指 | |
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43
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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44
frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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45
zealous
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| adj.狂热的，热心的 | |
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46
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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47
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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48
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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49
circumspection
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| n.细心，慎重 | |
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50
specimen
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| n.样本，标本 | |
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51
specially
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| adv.特定地；特殊地；明确地 | |
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52
monk
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| n.和尚，僧侣，修道士 | |
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53
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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54
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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55
alas
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| int.唉(表示悲伤、忧愁、恐惧等) | |
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56
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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57
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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58
offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） | |
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59
puffing
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| v.使喷出( puff的现在分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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60
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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61
inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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62
layman
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| n.俗人，门外汉，凡人 | |
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63
inquiry
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| n.打听，询问，调查，查问 | |
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64
meddled
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| v.干涉，干预（他人事务）( meddle的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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65
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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66
bagatelle
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| n.琐事；小曲儿 | |
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67
contentions
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| n.竞争( contention的名词复数 )；争夺；争论；论点 | |
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68
inclination
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| n.倾斜；点头；弯腰；斜坡；倾度；倾向；爱好 | |
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69
inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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70
puffed
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| adj.疏松的v.使喷出( puff的过去式和过去分词 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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71
disorders
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| n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调 | |
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72
woes
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| 困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉 | |
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73
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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74
adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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75
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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76
juncture
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| n.时刻，关键时刻，紧要关头 | |
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77
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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78
ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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79
malicious
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| adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的 | |
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80
variance
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| n.矛盾，不同 | |
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81
transacted
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| v.办理（业务等）( transact的过去式和过去分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
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82
uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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83
deference
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| n.尊重，顺从；敬意 | |
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84
obviate
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| v.除去，排除，避免，预防 | |
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85
apropos
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| adv.恰好地；adj.恰当的；关于 | |
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86
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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87
vanquisher
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| 征服者，胜利者 | |
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88
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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89
dexterity
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| n.(手的)灵巧，灵活 | |
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90
despatch
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| n./v.(dispatch)派遣；发送；n.急件；新闻报道 | |
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91
guardian
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| n.监护人；守卫者，保护者 | |
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92
pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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93
insinuate
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| vt.含沙射影地说，暗示 | |
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94
obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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95
precepts
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| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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96
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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97
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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98
conjecture
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| n./v.推测，猜测 | |
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99
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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100
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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101
scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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102
nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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103
magisterial
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| adj.威风的，有权威的；adv.威严地 | |
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104
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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105
outlaw
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| n.歹徒，亡命之徒；vt.宣布…为不合法 | |
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106
outlaws
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| 歹徒，亡命之徒( outlaw的名词复数 )； 逃犯 | |
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107
tract
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| n.传单，小册子，大片(土地或森林) | |
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108
elucidate
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| v.阐明，说明 | |
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109
anonymous
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| adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的 | |
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110
onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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111
arbiter
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| n.仲裁人，公断人 | |
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112
nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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113
renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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114
subdue
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| vt.制服，使顺从，征服；抑制，克制 | |
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115
awe
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| n.敬畏，惊惧；vt.使敬畏，使惊惧 | |
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116
solicit
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| vi.勾引；乞求；vt.请求，乞求；招揽(生意) | |
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117
retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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118
presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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119
intrepidity
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| n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为 | |
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120
arrogant
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| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
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121
auxiliary
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| adj.辅助的，备用的 | |
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122
undertakings
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| 企业( undertaking的名词复数 )； 保证； 殡仪业； 任务 | |
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123
forfeit
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| vt.丧失；n.罚金，罚款，没收物 | |
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124
audacity
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| n.大胆，卤莽，无礼 | |
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125
outlawry
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| 宣布非法，非法化，放逐 | |
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126
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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127
trumpet
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| n.喇叭，喇叭声；v.吹喇叭，吹嘘 | |
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128
insolent
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| adj.傲慢的，无理的 | |
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129
literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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130
consultations
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| n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找 | |
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131
banishment
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| n.放逐，驱逐 | |
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132
withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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133
manor
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| n.庄园，领地 | |
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134
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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135
mandates
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| 托管（mandate的第三人称单数形式） | |
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136
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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137
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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138
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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139
molest
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| vt.骚扰，干扰，调戏 | |
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140
debtor
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| n.借方，债务人 | |
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141
homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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142
vassal
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| n.附庸的；属下；adj.奴仆的 | |
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143
arbitration
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| n.调停，仲裁 | |
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144
abiding
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| adj.永久的，持久的，不变的 | |
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145
hostilities
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| n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事 | |
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146
patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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147
adversaries
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| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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148
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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149
abstain
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| v.自制，戒绝，弃权，避免 | |
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150
constrain
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| vt.限制，约束；克制，抑制 | |
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151
expeditious
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| adj.迅速的，敏捷的 | |
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152
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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153
abhorred
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| v.憎恶( abhor的过去式和过去分词 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰 | |
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154
iniquitous
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| adj.不公正的；邪恶的；高得出奇的 | |
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155
outrageous
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| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
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156
equity
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| n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票 | |
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157
iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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158
accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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159
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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160
molestation
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| n.骚扰，干扰，调戏；折磨 | |
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161
diffused
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| 散布的，普及的，扩散的 | |
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162
fabulous
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| adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的 | |
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163
assassination
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| n.暗杀；暗杀事件 | |
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164
memento
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| n.纪念品，令人回忆的东西 | |
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165
dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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166
uncertainty
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| n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物 | |
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167
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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168
conjectured
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| 推测，猜测，猜想( conjecture的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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169
epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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170
requital
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| n.酬劳；报复 | |
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171
preponderate
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| v.数目超过；占优势 | |
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172
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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173
winks
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| v.使眼色( wink的第三人称单数 )；递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）；（指光）闪烁；闪亮 | |
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174
guise
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| n.外表，伪装的姿态 | |
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