Two men, famous, admired, beloved, have just left us, the Goldsmith and the Gibbon of our time.19 Ere a few weeks are over, many a critic’s pen will be at work, reviewing their lives, and passing judgment4 on their works. This is no review, or history, or criticism: only a word in testimony5 of respect and regard from a man of letters, who owes to his own professional labor6 the honor of becoming acquainted with these two eminent7 literary men. One was the first ambassador whom the New World of Letters sent to the Old. He was born almost with the republic; the pater patriae had laid his hand on the child’s head. He bore Washington’s name: he came amongst us bringing the kindest sympathy, the most artless, smiling goodwill8. His new country (which some people here might be disposed to regard rather superciliously) could send us, as he showed in his own person, a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, easy, witty9, quiet; and, socially, the equal of the most refined Europeans. If Irving’s welcome in England was a kind one, was it not also gratefully remembered? If he ate our salt, did he not pay us with a thankful heart? Who can calculate the amount of friendliness10 and good feeling for our country which this writer’s generous and untiring regard for us disseminated11 in his own? His books are read by millions20 of his countrymen, whom he has taught to love England, and why to love her. It would have been easy to speak otherwise than he did: to inflame12 national rancors, which, at the time when he first became known as a public writer, war had just renewed: to cry down the old civilization at the expense of the new: to point out our faults, arrogance14, short-comings, and give the republic to infer how much she was the parent state’s superior. There are writers enough in the United States, honest and otherwise, who preach that kind of doctrine15. But the good Irving, the peaceful, the friendly, had no place for bitterness in his heart, and no scheme but kindness. Received in England with extraordinary tenderness and friendship (Scott, Southey, Byron, a hundred others have borne witness to their liking16 for him), he was a messenger of good-will and peace between his country and ours. “See, friends!” he seems to say, “these English are not so wicked, rapacious17, callous18, proud, as you have been taught to believe them. I went amongst them a humble19 man; won my way by my pen; and, when known, found every hand held out to me with kindliness20 and welcome. Scott is a great man, you acknowledge. Did not Scott’s King of England give a gold medal to him, and another to me, your countryman, and a stranger?”
19 Washington Irving died, November 28, 1859; Lord Macaulay died, December 28, 1859.
20 See his Life in the most remarkable21 Dictionary of Authors, published lately at Philadelphia, by Mr. Allibone.
Tradition in the United States still fondly retains the history of the feasts and rejoicings which awaited Irving on his return to his native country from Europe. He had a national welcome; he stammered22 in his speeches, hid himself in confusion, and the people loved him all the better. He had worthily24 represented America in Europe. In that young community a man who brings home with him abundant European testimonials is still treated with respect (I have found American writers, of wide-world reputation, strangely solicitous25 about the opinions of quite obscure British critics, and elated or depressed26 by their judgments); and Irving went home medalled by the King, diplomatized by the University, crowned and honored and admired. He had not in any way intrigued27 for his honors, he had fairly won them; and, in Irving’s instance, as in others, the old country was glad and eager to pay them.
In America the love and regard for Irving was a national sentiment. Party wars are perpetually raging there, and are carried on by the press with a rancor13 and fierceness against individuals which exceed British, almost Irish, virulence29. It seemed to me, during a year’s travel in the country, as if no one ever aimed a blow at Irving. All men held their hand from that harmless, friendly peacemaker. I had the good fortune to see him at New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington,21 and remarked how in every place he was honored and welcome. Every large city has its “Irving House.” The country takes pride in the fame of its men of letters. The gate of his own charming little domain30 on the beautiful Hudson River was for ever swinging before visitors who came to him. He shut out no one.22 I had seen many pictures of his house, and read descriptions of it, in both of which it was treated with a not unusual American exaggeration. It was but a pretty little cabin of a place; the gentleman of the press who took notes of the place, whilst his kind old host was sleeping, might have visited the whole house in a couple of minutes.
21 At Washington, Mr. Irving came to a lecture given by the writer, which Mr. Filmore and General Pierce, the President and President Elect, were also kind enough to attend together. “Two Kings of Brentford smelling at one rose,” says Irving, looking up with his good-humored smile.
22 Mr. Irving described to me, with that humor and good-humor which he always kept, how, amongst other visitors, a member of the British press who had carried his distinguished31 pen to America (where he employed it in vilifying32 his own country) came to Sunnyside, introduced himself to Irving, partook of his wine and luncheon33, and in two days described Mr. Irving, his house, his nieces, his meal, and his manner of dozing34 afterwards, in a New York paper. On another occasion, Irving said, laughing, “Two persons came to me, and one held me in conversation whilst the other miscreant35 took my portrait!”
And how came it that this house was so small, when Mr. Irving’s books were sold by hundreds of thousands, nay36, millions, when his profits were known to be large, and the habits of life of the good old bachelor were notoriously modest and simple? He had loved once in his life. The lady he loved died; and he, whom all the world loved, never sought to replace her. I can’t say how much the thought of that fidelity37 has touched me. Does not the very cheerfulness of his after life add to the pathos38 of that untold39 story? To grieve always was not in his nature; or, when he had his sorrow, to bring all the world in to condole40 with him and bemoan41 it. Deep and quiet he lays the love of his heart, and buries it; and grass and flowers grow over the scarred ground in due time.
Irving had such a small house and such narrow rooms, because there was a great number of people to occupy them. He could only afford to keep one old horse (which, lazy and aged42 as it was, managed once or twice to run away with that careless old horseman). He could only afford to give plain sherry to that amiable43 British paragraph-monger from New York, who saw the patriarch asleep over his modest, blameless cup, and fetched the public into his private chamber44 to look at him. Irving could only live very modestly, because the wifeless, childless man had a number of children to whom he was as a father. He had as many as nine nieces, I am told — I saw two of these ladies at his house — with all of whom the dear old man had shared the produce of his labor and genius.
“Be a good man, my dear.” One can’t but think of these last words of the veteran Chief of Letters, who had tasted and tested the value of worldly success, admiration45, prosperity. Was Irving not good, and, of his works, was not his life the best part? In his family, gentle, generous, good-humored, affectionate, self-denying: in society, a delightful46 example of complete gentlemanhood; quite unspoiled by prosperity; never obsequious47 to the great (or, worse still, to the base and mean, as some public men are forced to be in his and other countries) eager to acknowledge every contemporary’s merit; always kind and affable to the young members of his calling; in his professional bargains and mercantile dealings delicately honest and grateful; one of the most charming masters of our lighter48 language; the constant friend to us and our nation; to men of letters doubly dear, not for his wit and genius merely, but as an exemplar of goodness, probity49, and pure life:— I don’t know what sort of testimonial will be raised to him in his own country, where generous and enthusiastic acknowledgment of American merit is never wanting: but Irving was in our service as well as theirs; and as they have placed a stone at Greenwich yonder in memory of that gallant50 young Bellot, who shared the perils51 and fate of some of our Arctic seamen52, I would like to hear of some memorial raised by English writers and friends of letters in affectionate remembrance of the dear and good Washington Irving.
As for the other writer, whose departure many friends, some few most dearly-loved relatives, and multitudes of admiring readers deplore53, our republic has already decreed his statue, and he must have known that he had earned this posthumous55 honor. He is not a poet and man of letters merely, but citizen, statesman, a great British worthy56. Almost from the first moment when he appears, amongst boys, amongst college students, amongst men, he is marked, and takes rank as a great Englishman. All sorts of successes are easy to him: as a lad he goes down into the arena57 with others, and wins all the prizes to which he has a mind. A place in the senate is straightway offered to the young man. He takes his seat there; he speaks, when so minded, without party anger or intrigue28, but not without party faith and a sort of heroic enthusiasm for his cause. Still he is poet and philosopher even more than orator58. That he may have leisure and means to pursue his darling studies, he absents himself for a while, and accepts a richly-remunerative post in the East. As learned a man may live in a cottage or a college common-room; but it always seemed to me that ample means and recognized rank were Macaulay’s as of right. Years ago there was a wretched outcry raised because Mr. Macaulay dated a letter from Windsor Castle, where he was staying. Immortal59 gods! Was this man not a fit guest for any palace in the world? or a fit companion for any man or woman in it? I dare say, after Austerlitz, the old K. K. court officials and footmen sneered60 at Napoleon for dating from Schonbrunn. But that miserable61 “Windsor Castle” outcry is an echo out of fast-retreating old-world remembrances. The place of such a natural chief was amongst the first of the land; and that country is best, according to our British notion at least, where the man of eminence62 has the best chance of investing his genius and intellect.
If a company of giants were got together, very likely one or two of the mere23 six-feet-six people might be angry at the incontestable superiority of the very tallest of the party; and so I have heard some London wits, rather peevish63 at Macaulay’s superiority, complain that he occupied too much of the talk, and so forth64. Now that wonderful tongue is to speak no more, will not many a man grieve that he no longer has the chance to listen? To remember the talk is to wonder: to think not only of the treasures he had in his memory, but of the trifles he had stored there, and could produce with equal readiness. Almost on the last day I had the fortune to see him, a conversation happened suddenly to spring up about senior wranglers65, and what they had done in after life. To the almost terror of the persons present, Macaulay began with the senior wrangler66 of 1801-2 — 3-4, and so on, giving the name of each, and relating his subsequent career and rise. Every man who has known him has his story regarding that astonishing memory. It may be that he was not ill pleased that you should recognize it; but to those prodigious67 intellectual feats68, which were so easy to him, who would grudge69 his tribute of homage70? His talk was, in a word, admirable, and we admired it.
Of the notices which have appeared regarding Lord Macaulay, up to the day when the present lines are written (the 9th of January), the reader should not deny himself the pleasure of looking especially at two. It is a good sign of the times when such articles as these (I mean the articles in The times and Saturday Review) appear in our public prints about our public men. They educate us, as it were, to admire rightly. An uninstructed person in a museum or at a concert may pass by without recognizing a picture or a passage of music, which the connoisseur71 by his side may show him is a masterpiece of harmony, or a wonder of artistic72 skill. After reading these papers you like and respect more the person you have admired so much already. And so with regard to Macaulay’s style there may be faults of course — what critic can’t point them out? But for the nonce we are not talking about faults: we want to say nil73 nisi bonum. Well — take at hazard any three pages of the “Essays” or “History;"— and, glimmering74 below the stream of the narrative75, as it were, you, an average reader, see one, two, three, a half-score of allusions76 to other historic facts, characters, literature, poetry, with which you are acquainted. Why is this epithet77 used? Whence is that simile78 drawn79? How does he manage, in two or three words, to paint an individual, or to indicate a landscape? Your neighbor, who has HIS reading, and his little stock of literature stowed away in his mind, shall detect more points, allusions, happy touches, indicating not only the prodigious memory and vast learning of this master, but the wonderful industry, the honest, humble previous toil80 of this great scholar. He reads twenty books to write a sentence; he travels a hundred miles to make a line of description.
Many Londoners — not all — have seen the British Museum Library. I speak a coeur ouvert, and pray the kindly81 reader to bear with me. I have seen all sorts of domes82 of Peters and Pauls, Sophia, Pantheon — what not? — and have been struck by none of them so much as by that catholic dome83 in Bloomsbury, under which our million volumes are housed. What peace, what love, what truth, what beauty, what happiness for all, what generous kindness for you and me, are here spread out! It seems to me one cannot sit down in that place without a heart full of grateful reverence84. I own to have said my grace at the table, and to have thanked heaven for this my English birthright, freely to partake of these bountiful books, and to speak the truth I find there. Under the dome which held Macaulay’s brain, and from which his solemn eyes looked out on the world but a fortnight since, what a vast, brilliant, and wonderful store of learning was ranged! what strange lore54 would he not fetch for you at your bidding! A volume of law, or history, a book of poetry familiar or forgotten (except by himself who forgot nothing), a novel ever so old, and he had it at hand. I spoke to him once about “Clarissa.” “Not read ‘Clarissa!’” he cried out. “If you have once thoroughly85 entered on ‘Clarissa’ and are infected by it, you can’t leave it. When I was in India I passed one hot season at the hills, and there were the Governor-General, and the Secretary of Government, and the Commander-inChief, and their wives. I had ‘Clarissa’ with me: and, as soon as they began to read, the whole station was in a passion of excitement about Miss Harlowe and her misfortunes, and her scoundrelly Lovelace! The Governor’s wife seized the book, and the Secretary waited for it, and the Chief Justice could not read it for tears!” He acted the whole scene: he paced up and down the “Athenaeum” library: I dare say he could have spoken pages of the book — of that book, and of what countless86 piles of others!
In this little paper let us keep to the text of nil nisi bonum. One paper I have read regarding Lord Macaulay says “he had no heart.” Why, a man’s books may not always speak the truth, but they speak his mind in spite of himself: and it seems to me this man’s heart is beating through every page he penned. He is always in a storm of revolt and indignation against wrong, craft, tyranny. How he cheers heroic resistance; how he backs and applauds freedom struggling for its own; how he hates scoundrels, ever so victorious87 and successful; how he recognizes genius, though selfish villains88 possess it! The critic who says Macaulay had no heart, might say that Johnson had none: and two men more generous, and more loving, and more hating, and more partial, and more noble, do not live in our history. Those who knew Lord Macaulay knew how admirably tender and generous,23 and affectionate he was. It was not his business to bring his family before the theatre footlights, and call for bouquets89 from the gallery as he wept over them.
23 Since the above was written, I have been informed that it has been found, on examining Lord Macaulay’s papers, that he was in the habit of giving away MORE THAN A FOURTH PART of his annual income.
If any young man of letters reads this little sermon — and to him, indeed, it is addressed — I would say to him, “Bear Scott’s words in your mind, and ‘be good, my dear.’” Here are two literary men gone to their account, and, laus Deo, as far as we know, it is fair, and open, and clean. Here is no need of apologies for shortcomings, or explanations of vices90 which would have been virtues91 but for unavoidable &c. Here are two examples of men most differently gifted: each pursuing his calling; each speaking his truth as God bade him; each honest in his life; just and irreproachable92 in his dealings; dear to his friends; honored by his country; beloved at his fireside. It has been the fortunate lot of both to give incalculable happiness and delight to the world, which thanks them in return with an immense kindliness, respect, affection. It may not be our chance, brother scribe, to be endowed with such merit, or rewarded with such fame. But the rewards of these men are rewards paid to OUR SERVICE. We may not win the baton93 or epaulettes; but God give us strength to guard the honor of the flag!
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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flicker
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| vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现 | |
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blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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testimony
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| n.证词；见证，证明 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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goodwill
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| n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉 | |
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witty
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| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
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friendliness
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| n.友谊，亲切，亲密 | |
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disseminated
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| 散布，传播( disseminate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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inflame
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| v.使燃烧；使极度激动；使发炎 | |
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rancor
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| n.深仇，积怨 | |
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arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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rapacious
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| adj.贪婪的，强夺的 | |
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callous
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| adj.无情的，冷淡的，硬结的，起老茧的 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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kindliness
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| n.厚道，亲切，友好的行为 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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stammered
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| v.结巴地说出( stammer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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worthily
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| 重要地，可敬地，正当地 | |
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solicitous
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| adj.热切的，挂念的 | |
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depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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intrigued
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| adj.好奇的，被迷住了的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的过去式)；激起…的兴趣或好奇心；“intrigue”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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virulence
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| n.毒力，毒性；病毒性；致病力 | |
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domain
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| n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围 | |
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distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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vilifying
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| v.中伤，诽谤( vilify的现在分词 ) | |
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luncheon
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| n.午宴，午餐，便宴 | |
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dozing
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| v.打瞌睡,假寐 n.瞌睡 | |
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miscreant
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| n.恶棍 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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fidelity
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| n.忠诚，忠实；精确 | |
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pathos
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| n.哀婉，悲怆 | |
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untold
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| adj.数不清的，无数的 | |
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condole
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| v.同情；慰问 | |
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bemoan
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| v.悲叹，哀泣，痛哭；惋惜，不满于 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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obsequious
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| adj.谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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probity
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| n.刚直；廉洁，正直 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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seamen
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| n.海员 | |
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deplore
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| vt.哀叹，对...深感遗憾 | |
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lore
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| n.传说；学问，经验，知识 | |
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posthumous
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| adj.遗腹的；父亡后出生的；死后的，身后的 | |
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worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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orator
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| n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家 | |
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immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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sneered
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| 讥笑，冷笑( sneer的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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peevish
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| adj.易怒的，坏脾气的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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wranglers
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| n.争执人( wrangler的名词复数 )；在争吵的人；（尤指放马的）牧人；牛仔 | |
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wrangler
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| n.口角者，争论者；牧马者 | |
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prodigious
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| adj.惊人的，奇妙的；异常的；巨大的；庞大的 | |
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feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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homage
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| n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬 | |
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connoisseur
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| n.鉴赏家，行家，内行 | |
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artistic
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| adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的 | |
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nil
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| n.无，全无，零 | |
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glimmering
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| n.微光，隐约的一瞥adj.薄弱地发光的v.发闪光，发微光( glimmer的现在分词 ) | |
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narrative
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| n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的 | |
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allusions
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| 暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 ) | |
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epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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simile
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| n.直喻，明喻 | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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victorious
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| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
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villains
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| n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼 | |
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bouquets
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| n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 )；（酒的）芳香 | |
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vices
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| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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irreproachable
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| adj.不可指责的，无过失的 | |
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baton
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| n.乐队用指挥杖 | |
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