The petty wars of Lombardy could only interest those engaged in them; and all eyes were turned towards the emperor during his journey to Genoa, his unsuccessful negotiations6 with Florence, his voyage to Pisa, his journey to Rome; where, the Vatican being in the hands of the contrary party, he was crowned in the Lateran. And then, his army diminished by sickness, and himself chagrined7 by the slow progress of his arms, he returned to Tuscany, made an unsuccessful attack upon Florence, and retired8 to the neighbourhood of Sienna, where he died on the eighteenth of August 1313; leaving Italy nearly in the same situation with regard to the preponderance of the Guelph party, but more heated and violent in their factious9 sentiments, as when he entered it two years before.
During this long contest Florence was the head and heart of the resistance made against the emperor. Their detestation of the Imperial power, and their fears of the restoration of their banished10 Ghibelines, excited them to exert their utmost faculties11, in gaining allies, and in the defence of their own town. The death of Henry was to them a bloodless victory; and they hoped that a speedy change in the politics of Italy would establish the universal ascendancy12 of the Guelphic party.
Pisa had always been constant to the Ghibelines, and friendly to the emperor; by his death they found themselves thrown almost without defence into the hands of the Florentines, their enemies; and they therefore gladly acceded13 to the moderate terms offered to them by the king of Naples and his ally, Florence, for the establishment of peace in Tuscany. If this treaty had been fulfilled, the hopes of the Ghibelines would have been crushed for ever, nor would Castruccio ever have returned to his country; the scenes of blood and misery14 which followed would have been spared; and Florence, raising its benign15 influence over the other Tuscan states, would have been the peace-maker of Italy. Events took a different turn. To understand this it is necessary to look back.
Immediately on the death of Henry, the Pisans, fearful of a sudden incursion of the Florentines, for which they might be unprepared, had engaged in their service a condottiere, Uguccione della Faggiuola, who with his troop of a thousand Germans, took on him the guard of their city. War was the trade of Uguccione; he therefore looked with dismay on the projected peace, and resolved to disturb it. The populace of the Italian towns, ranged under party names, and ever obedient to the watchword and signals of their party, were easily moved to fall on the contrary faction17. The Pisan people were Ghibelines; and, while the more moderate among them had advanced far in the negotiating of a peace, Uguccione caused live eagles, the ensigns of the Ghibelines, to be carried through the streets; and the cry of, “Treason from the Guelphs!” was the rallying word of fury to the populace. The magistrates18 in vain endeavoured to assert their authority; their partizans were dispersed19, their captains taken prisoners and put to death, and Uguccione declared general of the war against the Florentines. This active chieftain lost no time in his operations; he marched against the Lucchese, the allies of Florence, ravaged20 their country, brought them to terms, and made peace with them on condition of their recalling their Ghibeline exiles.
The three years which these events occupied were spent by Castruccio in Lombardy. He made each year a campaign under one or another of the Ghibeline lords of that territory, and passed the winter at Milan. He formed a sincere and lasting21 friendship with Galeazzo Visconti: but, although this amity22 contributed to his advancement23, his character suffered by the congeniality of sentiment which he acquired with this chief. As they rode, hunted, or fought together, often employed in mutual24 good — offices one for the other, their affection became stronger; and it was as disinterested25 and generous as it was firm. Galeazzo sincerely loved Castruccio, and opened to him the dearest secrets of his heart; but these secrets were such as to initiate26 the latter in the artful policy and unprincipled motives27 of the Milanese lord, and to make him regard treachery and cruelty as venial28 faults. He had no saving passion, which by its purity and exalted29 nature, although it permitted him to forgive, would make him avoid the faults of Galeazzo. Ambition was the ruling feeling of his soul; an ambition for power, conquest and renown30, and not for virtue31, and that fame, which as the phoenix32, cannot live at the same period as its parent, but springs from his ashes with the strong pinions33 of immortal34 being.
It was this aspiring35 disposition36 which strongly recommended him to Galeazzo. For it was not with him the wild desire for what he had neither qualities nor capacity to obtain; it was combined with transcendent talents, an energy of action and a clearness of judgement, which greatly surpassed that of his companions. Castruccio was fond of power; yet he was neither arrogant37 nor tyrannical; words of kindness and winning smiles he bestowed38 at will on all around. He appeared to fit himself for each scene in which he was to take a part; in the camp he was energetic, valorous, and swift of action; in council he was as prudent39 and cautious as a grey-haired minister of state: at balls, or during a hunting party, he recommended himself by grace, agility40, wit, and a courtesy whose sweetness was untarnished by vanity or presumption41. His beauty took a more manly42 cast; and somewhat of pride, and more of self-confidence, and much of sensibility, were seen in his upturned lip; his eyes, dark as a raven’s wing, were full of fire and imagination; his open forehead was shaded by the hyacinthine curls of his chestnut-coloured hair. His face expressed extreme frankness, a frankness that did not exist in his mind; for his practices among the wily chiefs of Lombardy had robbed him of all ingenuousness44 of soul, although the traces of that which he once possessed45 had not faded from his countenance46. Amidst all the luxury of Lombardy he was abstemious47, nor spent in personal magnificence the money which he rather applied48 to the equipment of his troop. At length the patient improvement which he had bestowed upon his powers, and his perseverance49 in preparing for advancement, obtained their due reward; and he among the other Lucchese exiles returned to his native city.
But Castruccio was ill content to return as it were by the endurance of the opposite party; on the contrary he wished to raise his faction to that supremacy50 which would invest him with dominion51 as its chief. He therefore carried on a treaty with Uguccione’s army, requiring their assistance for the overthrow52 of the Guelphs of Lucca, and for placing him in authority over his native town; while the tyrant53 of Pisa should in return gain a faithful ally, and one more step should be taken towards the final establishment of the Ghibeline ascendancy.
After arranging this scheme, Castruccio and his companions passed the defile54 of the Serchio; and, advancing towards Lucca, assumed a warlike appearance, and endeavoured to force the gate of San Frediano; the Guelphs opposed him, and battle ensued. In the mean time Uguccione arrived in another direction, and, not finding free entrance at any of the gates, began to batter55 the wall. The Guelphs, defeated by the Ghibelines, were in no condition to resist; the Ghibelines, headed by Castruccio, considered Uguccione as their ally, and thought not of impeding56 his operations; indeed they were fully57 employed in resisting their adversaries58, who, though worsted, would not yield. The breach59 was effected, Uguccione entered triumphantly60, and, treating Lucca as a conquered town, delivered it over to be sacked by his troops; while he himself made a rich booty of the treasure of the Pope which had been preserved in the church of San Frediano; Lucca having been selected as the safest deposit for such a treasure.
Uguccione thought no more of his promises to Castruccio, and both parties in Lucca were oppressed alike, by one who believed that the best security for a governor was the cutting off the tallest flowers in the field. The prompt exertions61 of Castruccio alone saved his native city from utter ruin. He collected his partizans, formed them into a troop, and ranging them under the banners of Uguccione, accepted a command in this chief’s army; thus quieting the invaders’ fears of a resistance which would have been rash and vain, but having at the same time ready at Castruccio’s smallest signal a well armed and disciplined troop, nominally62 in the service of the tyrant, but really devoted63 by affection and military oaths to the cause of their immediate16 commander. Nor did he again betray the confidence of his fellow citizens; but, entering into Uguccione’s counsels, and assuming a tone of power which this chieftain could not resist, Castruccio at the same time opposed a boundary to his arrogance64 and cruelty.
But, although his first imprudence in inviting66 Uguccione to the possession of Lucca was pardoned by his countrymen, in consideration of the reparation that he earnestly desired to make, it was looked upon with far different eyes by states who, hating the Pisan Tyrant, and too distant to be acquainted with all the palliating circumstances, regarded Castruccio as a traitor67. The news of the entrance of the Ghibeline exiles into Lucca, and the capture of that town by Uguccione, quickly reached his Florentine adversaries, and excited grief and rage in all the hearers. The name of Castruccio as the betrayer of his country was repeated with indignation and hatred68.
There was one gentle heart in Florence which felt deep pain, when it heard the name of Antelminelli coupled with an opprobrious69 epithet70. Euthanasia dei Adimari had not forgotten her vow71 made many years before; she had treasured in her memory the recollection of her young playfellow, and often, when travellers from Lombardy mentioned the name of Castruccio, her fair cheek was suffused72 by the eloquent73 blood.
Euthanasia had long been an orphan74; her father had died, and by his death was cut the dearest tie she had to earth. While he lived, she had confined herself almost entirely75 to his room, and serving as eyes to his blinded sense, she was as faithful to his wants as his own orbs76 had been before their light was quenched77. After his death she mingled78 more with the distinguished79 youth of Florence, and joined in that society, which, if we may judge from the indications that Dante gives in his prose works, and from the tender and exquisite80 poetry of Petrarch, was as refined, delicate and cultivated, as the best society amidst the boasted politeness of the present day. Yet among the youth of Florence Euthanasia was as a lily, that overlooks the less illustrious yet beautiful flowers of a garden. Her beauty, her accomplishments81, and the gift of flowing yet mild eloquence82 that she possessed, the glowing brilliancy of her ardent83 yet tempered imagination, made her the leader of the little band to which she belonged. It is said, that as Dante sighed for Beatrice, so several of the distinguished youths of Florence fed on the graceful84 motions and sweet words of this celestial85 girl, who, walking among them, passionless, yet full of enthusiasm, seemed as a link to bind86 their earthly thoughts to heaven. Often with her mother’s permission Euthanasia retired for months to the castle of Valperga; and alone among the wild Apennines she studied and worshipped nature, while the bright sun warmed the valleys, and threw its beams over the mountains, or when the silver boat of the moon, which displayed in the clear air its heavy lading, sunk swiftly in the west, and numberless stars witnessed her departure. Then again, quitting the eternal, ever-succeeding pages of nature’s volume, she pored over the works she had before read with her father, or the later written poetry of Dante, and incorporated the thoughts of the sublimest87 geniuses with her own, while the creative fire in her heart and brain formed new combinations to delight and occupy her.
Her young friends hailed with heartfelt joy her return from her seclusion88; she joined in all their amusements; who could sing the canzones of those times, or relate a pathetic tale, like Euthanasia? Besides she was so prudent, so wise, and so kind, that her assistance was perpetually claimed and afforded in every little misfortune or difficulty of her friends.
But the age of thoughtlessness and fearless enjoyment89 passed away, and Euthanasia advanced to womanhood. At this period a succession of events deprived her of her mother and her two brothers, so that she remained sole heiress of the possessions of her family. Independent and powerful, she was as a queen in Valperga and the surrounding villages; at Florence she was considered one of its first citizens; and, if power, wealth and respect could have satisfied her, she must have been happy. She had wept bitterly the death of her relations; she grieved for the loss of her brothers, and felt only pain at being advanced to their place. Yet her mind acquired new dignity, and the virtues90 of her heart new fervour, from the entire independence of her situation, and the opportunities she possessed of doing good. There was none to gainsay91 her actions, except the rigid92 censorship of her own reason, and the opinion of her fellow — citizens, to whose love and esteem93 she aspired94. Most of her time was now spent among her dependents at Valperga; the villages under her jurisdiction95 became prosperous; and the peasantry were proud that their countess preferred her residence among them to the gaieties of Florence. In the winter she visited her friends of that town; and many a noble, who hoped to rival Dante Alighieri or Guido Cavalcanti, sang of the miraculous96 change of seasons that had been operated on his city; — that their summers were dreary97, bare, and deserted98, while the soul of loveliness dwelt among them during the formerly99 dull months of winter.
It is said that during this period she had never loved; she admired the illustrious and energetic spirits of Florence, and she bestowed her affections on several whose virtue and talents claimed by right that meed; but she had never loved. It appears wonderful, that one so sensitive of heart and imagination should have attained100 her twenty-second year without having experienced the tyranny of that passion; but, if it be true, how tremendous must be the force of that power, which could finally break down the barriers piled by reason and accustomed coldness, and deluge101 her soul with the sweet waters of earthly love!
She had just entered her twenty-second year, when Castruccio in 1314 returned to Lucca; when under his auspices102, the greatest enemy of Florence became master of the neighbour city; when war was declared between the two states, and Castruccio was in arms against the Florentines. The summer was now far advanced; and she hastened to her solitude103 at Valperga. She was hurt at heart; one of her dearest dreams, the excellence104 of Castruccio, was overthrown105; and she wished for a while to shut out from her thoughts all memory of the world, which appeared to bring tumult106 and discord107 to trouble her tranquillity108. She was unable to do this: she was too well known, and too much loved, not to be sought by those with whom she was acquainted; and she was startled to hear from all sides eulogiums of the talents and soldiership of Castruccio, those of the Ghibelines mingled with hope, those of the Guelphs with fear.
Is there not a principle in the human mind that foresees the change about to occur to it? Is there not a feeling which would warn the soul of peril109, were it not at the same time a sure prophecy that that peril is not to be avoided? So felt Euthanasia: and during her evening meditations110 she often enquired111 from her own heart, why the name of Castruccio made her cheeks glow; and why praise or dispraise of him seemed to electrify112 her frame: why a nameless inquietude pervaded113 her thoughts, before so calm: why, tenderly as she dwelt on the recollection of her infant playmate, she dreaded114 so much now to see him? And then, strange to say, being thus agitated115 and fearful, she saw him; and calm more still than the serene116 depths of a windless heaven, redescended on her soul, and wrapped it in security and joy.
It was not until October, while Euthanasia still lingered at Valperga, that Castruccio took up his abode117 in Lucca. He returned thither118, covered with glory, but highly discontented with Uguccione who feared him, and, while he shewed him outward honour, took every occasion to thwart119 his desires, and to deprive him of all power and voice in his council. But Castruccio was at the head of a large party, who could ill brook120 the rude arrogance of Uguccione, and the unmasked presumption of his sons. This party augmented121 every day; it was watched, insulted, and harassed122; but all the Ghibeline youth of Lucca made it their boast to attend the person, and partake the counsels of Castruccio.
The winter months were spent in apparent idleness, but in reality in deep plotting on the part of Castruccio. Uguccione was at Pisa, and his son, Francesco, could ill understand the wiles123 of the pupil of Alberto Scoto. He saw his frank countenance, and watched his gay demeanour; but the conclusion of his observations was, that although Castruccio was careless of danger, and ambitious of glory, he was too fond of pleasure, and of too ingenuous43 a disposition, to enter into any deep scheme, or to form even the wish of usurping124 the power of the state.
Castruccio stood on the tower of the Antelminelli palace; young Arrigo Guinigi was at his side; he was surrounded by half a dozen of his most intimate associates, and after having for a while discussed their plans of political conduct, they remained silent. Castruccio was separated from the rest of the group; the tower of Antelminelli overlooked the town of Lucca, and being raised far above its narrow, dark streets, appeared, together with the numerous towers of the city, as forming a separate and more agreeable town for the nobles over the heads of the meaner inhabitants. The valley was stretched around the city; its fields bare of vegetation, and spotted125 with black patches of leafless woods; and the view was terminated by the hills, crowned with snow, and their sides clothed with the dark verdure of the ilex, while from among their folds peeped the white walls of villages and castles.
Castruccio fixed126 his eye on one of these castles. The forgotten scenes of his youth thronged127 into his memory, and oppressed him with their numbers and life; the low voice of his mother sounded in his ears; the venerable form of Adimari stood before him, and it seemed to him as if the slender fingers of the infant Euthanasia pressed his hand. He turned suddenly round, and asked: “Does she still live there?” — pointing to the castle.
“Who? The countess of Valperga?”
“Aye, and her daughter Euthanasia?” Many years had elapsed since he had pronounced that name; he felt his whole frame thrill to its musical sound.
“The present countess,” replied Vanni Mordecastelli, “is young and unmarried” —
“And her name is Euthanasia,” continued count Ludovico de’ Fondi; “she is the daughter of Messer Antonio dei Adimari, who while he lived was one of the leaders of the Guelph party at Florence; and through her mother she possess the castle and villages of Valperga.”
“Aye,” cried a youth, “and they say that Ranieri della Fagginola pretends to her hand. It is not well, that the credulity of a woman, who will listen to the first fine speeches that are addressed her, should cause so strong a hold as the castle of Valperga to pass into the hands of that insufferable nest of traitors128.”
“You are ignorant of whom you talk,” said the aged1 Fondi, “when you speak thus lightly of the young countess of Valperga. She is a lady of great prudence65, beauty, and learning; and, although for years she has been sought by the first nobles of Italy, she glories in her independence and solitude. She mingles129 little with the citizens of this town; her friends reside at Florence, where she often passes many months, associating with its first families.”
“Is she as beautiful, as she is said to be?” asked young Arrigo Guinigi.
“Indeed she is lovely to a miracle; but her manners almost make you forget her beauty; they are so winning and graceful. Unfortunately she does not belong to our party, but is as strongly attached to the Pope’s as the countess Matilda of old.”
“Aye, these women are so easily cajoled by priests.”
“Nay, Moncello, you will still be in the wrong, if you apply common rules to the conduct of the countess Euthanasia. She is attached to the cause of the freedom of Florence, and not to the power of her Popes. When I visited her on her return to her castle, I found her full of grief at the renewal130 of the war between these states. She earnestly asked me whether I saw any prospect131 of peace; ‘For,’ said she, ‘I am more attached to concord132 and the alliance of parties, than to any of the factions133 which distract our poor Italy.’" —
The conversation then turned on other subjects. Castruccio had listened silently to the praise which the old count Fondi had bestowed on the friend of his childhood; and presently after, taking Arrigo aside, he said: “My young friend, you must go on an embassy for me.”
“To the end of the world, if you desire it, my dear lord” —
“Nay, this is a shorter journey. You must ride tomorrow morning to the castle of Valperga, and ask permission of the countess that I may visit her. Our families, though of opposite interests, were much allied134; and I ought to have sought this interview before.”
On the following day Castruccio waited anxiously for the return of Arrigo. He arrived a little before noon. “I have seen her,” he cried; “and, after having seen her, I wonder at the torpor135 of these Lucchese that they do not all emigrate from their town, to go and surround her castle, and gaze on her all day long. I seem only to live since I have seen her; she is so lovely, so enchantingly kind and gentle. I have heard you say, my good brother, that you never met with a woman whom you could enshrine in your inmost heart, and thus pay worship to the exalted spirit of loveliness, which you had vainly sought, and never found. Go to Valperga, and, gazing on Euthanasia, you will tremblingly unread your heresy136.”
“To horse then, my dear Arrigo. Does she consent to receive me?”
“Yes, she desires to see you; and with the most ingenuous sweetness, she bade me tell you the pleasure it would give her, to renew her acquaintance with one whom she has not forgotten during a long separation.”
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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gallant
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| adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的 | |
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honourable
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| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
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monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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chagrined
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| adj.懊恼的，苦恼的v.使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨( chagrin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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factious
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| adj.好搞宗派活动的，派系的，好争论的 | |
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banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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ascendancy
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| n.统治权，支配力量 | |
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acceded
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| v.（正式）加入( accede的过去式和过去分词 )；答应；（通过财产的添附而）增加；开始任职 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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benign
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| adj.善良的，慈祥的；良性的，无危险的 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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magistrates
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| 地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 ) | |
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dispersed
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ravaged
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| 毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫 | |
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lasting
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| adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持 | |
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amity
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advancement
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mutual
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| adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的 | |
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disinterested
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| adj.不关心的，不感兴趣的 | |
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initiate
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motives
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venial
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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renown
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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phoenix
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pinions
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| v.抓住[捆住]（双臂）( pinion的第三人称单数 ) | |
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immortal
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| adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的 | |
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aspiring
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disposition
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arrogant
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bestowed
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prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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agility
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presumption
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| n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定 | |
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manly
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ingenuous
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| adj.纯朴的，单纯的；天真的；坦率的 | |
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ingenuousness
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| n.率直；正直；老实 | |
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45
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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46
countenance
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| n.脸色，面容；面部表情；vt.支持，赞同 | |
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47
abstemious
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| adj.有节制的，节俭的 | |
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48
applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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49
perseverance
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| n.坚持不懈，不屈不挠 | |
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50
supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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51
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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52
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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53
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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54
defile
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| v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道 | |
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55
batter
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| v.接连重击；磨损；n.牛奶面糊；击球员 | |
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56
impeding
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| a.(尤指坏事)即将发生的，临近的 | |
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57
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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58
adversaries
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| n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 ) | |
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59
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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60
triumphantly
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| ad.得意洋洋地；得胜地；成功地 | |
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61
exertions
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| n.努力( exertion的名词复数 )；费力；（能力、权力等的）运用；行使 | |
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62
nominally
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| 在名义上，表面地； 应名儿 | |
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63
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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64
arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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65
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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66
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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67
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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68
hatred
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| n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨 | |
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69
opprobrious
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| adj.可耻的，辱骂的 | |
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70
epithet
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| n.（用于褒贬人物等的）表述形容词，修饰语 | |
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71
vow
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| n.誓(言)，誓约；v.起誓，立誓 | |
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72
suffused
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| v.（指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满( suffuse的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
eloquent
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| adj.雄辩的，口才流利的；明白显示出的 | |
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74
orphan
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| n.孤儿；adj.无父母的 | |
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75
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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76
orbs
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| abbr.off-reservation boarding school 在校寄宿学校n.球，天体，圆形物( orb的名词复数 ) | |
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77
quenched
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| 解（渴）( quench的过去式和过去分词 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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78
mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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79
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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80
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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81
accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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82
eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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83
ardent
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
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84
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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85
celestial
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| adj.天体的；天上的 | |
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86
bind
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| vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬 | |
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87
sublimest
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| 伟大的( sublime的最高级 )； 令人赞叹的； 极端的； 不顾后果的 | |
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88
seclusion
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| n.隐遁，隔离 | |
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89
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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90
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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91
gainsay
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| v.否认，反驳 | |
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92
rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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93
esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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94
aspired
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| v.渴望，追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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95
jurisdiction
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| n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权 | |
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96
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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97
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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98
deserted
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| adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的 | |
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99
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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100
attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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101
deluge
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| n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥 | |
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102
auspices
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| n.资助，赞助 | |
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103
solitude
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| n. 孤独; 独居,荒僻之地,幽静的地方 | |
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104
excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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105
overthrown
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| adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词 | |
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106
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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107
discord
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| n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐 | |
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108
tranquillity
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| n. 平静, 安静 | |
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109
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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110
meditations
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| 默想( meditation的名词复数 )； 默念； 沉思； 冥想 | |
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111
enquired
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| 打听( enquire的过去式和过去分词 )； 询问； 问问题； 查问 | |
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112
electrify
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| v.使充电；使电气化；使触电；使震惊；使兴奋 | |
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113
pervaded
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| v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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114
dreaded
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| adj.令人畏惧的；害怕的v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词) | |
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115
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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116
serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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117
abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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118
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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119
thwart
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| v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的) | |
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120
brook
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| n.小河，溪；v.忍受，容让 | |
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121
Augmented
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| adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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122
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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123
wiles
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| n.（旨在欺骗或吸引人的）诡计，花招；欺骗，欺诈( wile的名词复数 ) | |
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124
usurping
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| 篡夺，霸占( usurp的现在分词 )； 盗用； 篡夺，篡权 | |
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125
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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126
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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127
thronged
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| v.成群，挤满( throng的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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128
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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129
mingles
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| 混合，混入( mingle的第三人称单数 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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130
renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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131
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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132
concord
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| n.和谐；协调 | |
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133
factions
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| 组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 ) | |
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134
allied
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| adj.协约国的；同盟国的 | |
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135
torpor
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| n.迟钝；麻木；（动物的）冬眠 | |
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136
heresy
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| n.异端邪说；异教 | |
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