Robert, king of Naples, was at the head of the Guelph army at Genoa. The siege had now lasted with various fortune for two years; and every summer the king visited this city to conduct the enterprizes of the campaign. Castruccio, urged by Galeazzo Visconti, and by his own belief in the expediency8 of the scheme, conspired9 to destroy the king: a foolish plan in many ways; for a legitimate10 king, like a vine, never dies; and when you throw earth over the old root, a new sprout11 ever springs up from the parent stock.
The king of Naples had fitted out a fleet to go and attack the king of Sicily, who was a protector of the Ghibelines. Castruccio sent two desperate, but faithful fellows, to set fire to the ship in which the king himself sailed. The men got admittance on board the royal galley13, which, swifter than the rest, sped on through the waves, while the rest of the fleet hung like a cloud on the far horizon. At night the smell of fire was perceived in the vessel14, and a small flame issued from one of the windows: the affright and confusion were terrible, when they found that they were burning thus on the desert sea, while the other vessels15 were too distant to afford them aid. All hands were at work to extinguish the flames; and it was then that the hired incendiaries were perceived, as they tried to fire another part of the ship. It was found that they were provided with floats of cork16, by which they hoped to preserve themselves in the water, until by some accident they might be rescued.
The fire was seen by the galley, in which the eldest17 son of king Robert was embarked18, and which bore down to his relief. The youthful prince, in an agony of terror, lent his own hand to the oar12 that they might arrive more speedily. The whole crew was saved; and the criminals were reserved for torture and death.
The news of this detestable plot was spread through all Italy, nor was it much blamed. It was then that Euthanasia, the living spirit of goodness and honour, amidst the anguish19 that the unworthiness of Castruccio occasioned her, felt a just triumph, that she had overcome her inclinations20, and was not the bride of a suborner and a murderer. Even now, remembering that it was known that she once loved Antelminelli, she was penetrated21 with shame, and her cheeks burned with blushes when she heard the tale. But, careless of an infamy22 which he shared with many of his countrymen, and sorry only that his design had not succeeded, Castruccio did not attempt to conceal23 the part he had taken in the plot, and loudly declared that all his enemies might expect the same measure as king Robert, while in return he permitted them to try the like arts against him.
In the mean time he prosecuted24 the war with redoubled vigour25. In the winter of the year 1320, the Ghibelines reinforced their armies before Genoa, and called upon their allies for their utmost assistance; and Castruccio among the rest was to advance to their aid with all his forces. But the Guelphs were not idle: Florence had sent soldiers every campaign to reinforce the Genoese, and entered with spirit into all the enterprizes undertaken against the imperial party; although a wish to preserve their territory free from the horrors of war, and to repair by a long peace the injury done to their vines and olive woods, had caused them to preserve a shew of peace with Lucca.
Castruccio considered all his present successes as preliminaries only to his grand undertaking26; and, having now reduced not only the territory of Lucca, but many castles and strong holds, which before had either been independent, or had paid tribute to Genoa, or to the lords of Lombardy, he planned a more vigorous system of warfare27 for the ensuing campaign. His first step was to increase his security and power in Lucca itself.
Having grown proud upon his recent successes, he began to disdain28 the name of consul29, which he had hitherto borne. He assembled the senate; and, at the instance of his friends, who had been tutored for the purpose, this assembly bestowed30 upon him the government of Lucca for life, with the title of prince. He afterwards caused this grant to be confirmed by an assembly of the people; his warlike achievements, joined to the moderate expenditure31 of his government, had made him a great favourite with the inferior classes of the community, and they cordially entered into the projects of his ambition. Soon after, through the mediation33 of his friend Galeazzo Visconti, he obtained from Frederic, king of the Romans, the dignity of Imperial Vicar in Tuscany.
All this passed during the winter; and in the spring he assembled his troops, intent upon some new design. He had now been at peace with Florence for the space of three years, although, fighting under opposite banners, the spirit of enmity had always subsisted34 between him and them. Now, without declaring war, or in any way advising them of their peril35, he suddenly made an incursion into their territory, burning and wasting their land as far as Empoli, taking several castles, and carrying off an immense booty; he then retreated back to Lucca.
This violation37 of every law of nations filled the Florentines at first with affright, and afterwards with indignation. They had sent their best troops to Genoa; and they found themselves attacked without warning or time for preparation. When the Lucchese retreated, anger and complaint succeeded. Castruccio replied to the reproaches of the Florentines by a declaration of war, and then immediately marched with his forces to join the besieging army before Genoa.
When the Florentines found that they could obtain no redress39, they turned their thoughts to revenge. They raised what fresh troops they could among the citizens; and wishing to assist their small army by other measures which were then rife40 in the Italian system of warfare, they endeavoured to foment41 a conspiracy42 among the Lucchese for the overthrow43 of their prince’s government. Castruccio received in one day letters from Giovanni da Castiglione, the general who commanded the few troops which he had left to guard his own principality, to inform him, that the Florentines had entered the Val di Nievole, burning and spoiling every thing before them; and from Vanni Mordecastelli, his civil lieutenant44 at Lucca, with information of a plot for the destruction of his power which was brewing45 in that city. Castruccio immediately left the Lombard army, and returned with his troops to disconcert these designs.
Of the castles which were situated46 within a circuit of many miles round Lucca, all were subject to Castruccio, except the castle of Valperga and its dependencies. He had often solicited47 Euthanasia to place her lordship under the protection of his government; and she had uniformly refused. The castle of Valperga was situated on a rock, among the mountains that bound the pass through which the Serchio flows, and commanded the northern entrance to the Lucchese territory. It was a place of great strength, and in the hands of an enemy might afford an easy entrance for an hostile army into the plain of Lucca itself. The Florentines, trusting to the affection which the countess bore their city, sent ambassadors to her to intreat her to engage in an alliance with them against Castruccio, and to admit a party of Florentine soldiers into her castle; but she rejected their proposals, and positively48 refused to enter into any league injurious to the existing government of Lucca. The ambassadors had been selected from among her intimate friends; and her Monualdo, Bondelmonti, was at the head of them: they were not therefore intimidated49 by one repulse50, but reiterated51 their arguments, founded upon her own interest, and the service she would render to her native town, in vain. She felt that the liberty in which she had been permitted to remain, while, one after another, all the castles around her had been reduced, could only have arisen from the friendship and forbearance of the prince; and she judged that it would be a sort of treason in her, to take advantage of his moderation to introduce devastation52 into his country; at the same time she promised, that no threats or intreaties should induce her to ally herself with, or submit to, the enemy of Florence.
The ambassadors, who had been bred in the Italian school of politics of that age, little understood, and by no means approved her scruples53; they found her however invincible54 to their arguments, and were obliged to give up all expectation of her assistance. But they made the hope of overcoming her objections the pretext55 for their protracted56 stay in her castle; for they had other designs in view. The vicinity of Valperga to Lucca, and the intercourse57 which took place between it and that town, gave them an opportunity of becoming acquainted with several of the discontented nobles, the remnants of the faction58 of the Neri, who had been permitted to remain. Euthanasia, being a Guelph, had of course much intercourse with the few of that party who were to be found in Lucca; and from the conversation of these men the Florentine ambassadors conceived the hope of weaving some plot which would produce the downfall of Castruccio. And they believed, that in one of them they had found a successor to his dignity, and a chief who would prove as faithful to the papal party, as Castruccio had been to the imperial.
Among those of the faction of the Neri who had remained in Lucca, was a branch of the family of Guinigi, and one of the youths of this house had married Lauretta dei Adimari, a cousin of Euthanasia. This connection had caused great intimacy59 between the families; and Leodino de’ Guinigi, the husband of Lauretta, was a young man of talent, spirit and ambition. Being refused a command in the army of Castruccio, he was however forced to expend32 his love of action and his desire of distinction, in hunting, hawking60 and tournaments. He was a man of large fortune, and greatly respected and loved in Lucca; for his manners were courteous61, and his disposition62 generous, so that every one blamed the prince for neglecting a person of so much merit on account of his party. Every year however added to the discontent of Leodino; and he used frequently at the castle of his cousin Euthanasia, to bemoan63 his fate, and declare how he longed for a change which should draw him from idleness and obscurity. Lauretta was a beautiful and amiable64 girl; but party feelings ran so high in Lucca, that she was shunned65 as a Guelph and a Florentine, and therefore she also entered eagerly into the complaints of her husband; while the fear of the confiscation66 of his property withheld67 Leodino from serving under some leader of his own party. Euthanasia esteemed68 him highly; his mind was greatly cultivated; and the similarity of their tastes and pursuits had given rise to a sincere affection and sympathy between them. The Florentine ambassadors saw Leodino and his wife at the castle of Valperga; they easily penetrated his character and wishes; and Bondelmonti undertook to work on him to co-operate with them in their design. Leodino required little instigation, and immediately set to work in Lucca to gain partizans: every thing promised well. All this had been carefully concealed69 from Euthanasia; who was too sincere of disposition to suspect fraud in others. But their plot was now ripe; and the ambassadors were on the eve of returning to Florence to lead their troops to the attack; when the conspiracy was betrayed to Mordecastelli, and Castruccio suddenly appeared in Lucca.
Bondelmonti and his associates instantly quitted Valperga; and several of the conspirators70, struck with affright, fled from Lucca; but Leodino, trusting to the secrecy71 with which he had enveloped72 his name, resolved to brave all danger and to remain. This imprudence caused his destruction; and, the morning after the return of Castruccio, he and six more of his intimate associates were arrested, and thrown into prison. Lauretta fled in despair to the castle of Valperga; she threw herself into the arms of Euthanasia, confessed the plot that had been carried on with Bondelmonti, and intreated her intercession with the prince to save the life of Leodino. Euthanasia felt her indignation rise, on discovering that her hospitality had been abused, and her friendship employed as the pretence74 which veiled a conspiracy. But, when the weeping Lauretta urged the danger of Leodino, all her anger was changed into compassion75 and anxiety; and she ordered the horses to be brought to the gate, that she might hasten to Lucca. “I am afraid, my poor cousin,” said she, “if the prince be not of himself inclined to mercy, that my intreaties will have little effect: but be assured that I will spare no prayers to gain the life of Leodino. His life! indeed that is far too precious to be lightly sacrificed; I feel a confidence within me, which assures me that he will be saved; fear nothing, therefore; I will bring him back with me when I return.”
She had covered her head with her veil, and folded her capuchin round her; when an attendant announced the arrival of Castruccio himself at the castle. This unexpected news made her turn pale; and again the blood, flowing from her heart, dyed her cheeks and even her fingers with pink; she hardly knew what caused her agitation77; but she trembled, her eyes filled with tears, her voice faltered78; — Castruccio entered.
He was no longer her lover, scarcely her friend; no joy sparkled in the eyes of either at this meeting after a separation of months; she had loved him passionately79, and still dwelt with tenderness on the memory of what he had been; but she saw no likeness80 between the friend of her youth, beaming with love, joy and hope, and the prince who now stood before her; his brow was bent81, his curved lips expressed disdain, his attitude and gesture were haughty82 and almost repulsive83. Euthanasia was not to be daunted84 by this shew of superiority; she instantly recovered her presence of mind, and advanced towards him with calm dignity, saying, “My lord, I was about to visit you, when I find that you prevent me by honouring my castle with your presence; I was coming as a suppliant85 for the life of a dear friend.”
“Countess, perhaps my errand is of more serious import, — at least to yourself: and, since it may include an answer to your supplication86, I intreat you to hear me before we enter on any other subject.”
Euthanasia bowed assent87, and Castruccio continued.
“Madonna, you may remember that I have often in friendly terms intreated you to place yourself under the protection of my government at Lucca; you have ever refused me, and I indulgently acceded88 to your refusal. I have subdued89 all the castles around, several stronger than this, but I have left you to enjoy the independence you prized. I did this, trusting to your promise, that, although you were not my ally, you would not become my enemy, and that, in whatever war I might engage myself, you would preserve a strict neutrality. On my return from Genoa, forced to this hasty measure by the intimation of a plot being formed against me, I find that you are at the head of my enemies, and that, in violation of your faith, if you have not declared war, you have acted a more injurious part, in fomenting90 a conspiracy, and giving traitors91 those opportunities for maturing their plans, which, unless you had done this, they could never have dreamed of.”
Euthanasia replied earnestly; “My lord, your mistake would be pardonable, had you not known me long enough to be assured that I am incapable92 of acting93 the part you attribute to me. But, although you have forgotten that treason and artifice94 are as foreign to my nature as darkness to that of the sun, you will at least believe me, when I give you my solemn assurance, that until this morning I knew nothing of the conspiracy entered into against you. And now — ”
“But how can this be? Did not Bondelmonti and his associates reside in this castle for two months?”
“They did; they came to urge me to enter into the Florentine war against you, which I refused.”
“And was it necessary to hesitate during two months for your answer? or, did it not rather enter into your plans, that they should remain as spies and plotters for my destruction? but enough of this?” —
“Enough, and far too much, my lord. You doubt my faith, and disbelieve my word: these are outrages95 which I did not expect to receive from you, but to which I must submit. And now permit me to speak to you on the subject of my intended visit.”
“Pardon me, but you may remember that we agreed I should be the first heard; and I have not yet mentioned why I intrude96 myself into your castle. I am at war with Florence; you are not; and you believe yourself permitted, not only to hold correspondence with my enemies, but also to afford them an opportunity through your means to carry on plots with my traitorous97 subjects. This may have been done very innocently on your part; but I cannot permit a repetition of the same mime98, or of any other, which, though differing in words, shall be the same in spirit. If you have not taken advantage of my forbearance, you have at least shown yourself incapable of sustaining the trust I reposed99 in you. But, Euthanasia, in you are indeed innocent, I am unmannerly in being thus stern with you; and, since you deny that you entered into this plot, and I would fain believe you, it is with repugnance100 that I enter upon the subject of my visit. You must surrender your castle to me; prudence73 no longer permits me to suffer you to enjoy independence; and, however painful the alternative, you must submit to become my ally.”
“It were of little moment to enter into a treaty with me,” said Euthanasia, with a bitter smile: “since, if I am capable of treason, I may be more dangerous as an ally than an enemy.”
“Not so, for the first article of our alliance must be the razing101 of this castle; in exchange you shall have a site afforded you in the plain for the erection of a palace, nor shall you incur36 any loss in fortune or revenue; but you must descend103 to the rank of a private individual, and this castle, and your power in this country, must be resigned into my hands.”
“My lord, I am afraid that we shall not agree on the first article of our intended treaty. I will persevere104 in the neutrality I promised, and endeavour to be more prudent105 than I was in this last unfortunate affair. But I cannot surrender my castle, or permit the seat of my ancestors to be razed106 to the ground. And now allow me to speak of what is nearer to my heart. Leodino de’ Guinigi has conspired against you, you have discovered his plot, and have thrown him into prison. I know that you consider his life a forfeit107 to your laws; but I intreat you to spare him: if neither the generosity108 of your character, nor the impotence of your enemy will incline you to mercy, I intreat you by our ancient friendship. His wife, Lauretta dei Adimari, is my cousin, and my friend; Leodino, although your enemy, is a man distinguished109 by every virtue110, brave, generous and wise. If you would obtain a faithful and trust-worthy friend, pardon him, confide76 in him; and his gratitude111 will be to you as a guard an hundred strong: if you have not sufficient magnanimity to trust your enemy, banish112 him; but for my sake spare his life.”
Castruccio appeared somewhat moved by her earnestness, but he replied; — “It cannot be; I am sorry to refuse you, but the example would be too dangerous. Put aside this from your thoughts, and let me intreat you to consider what I have just said. You answer me slightly; but be assured that I have not mentioned this alternative of war or peace between us, until my purpose was fixed113: reflect seriously on the evils that resistance may bring upon you, and send me your answer tomorrow.”
“Tomorrow, or today, it is the same. But you, Castruccio, reflect upon the misery114 you cause, if you refuse to spare my unfortunate friend.”
“Do not torment115 yourself or me any more on the subject of Leodino; your intercession is fruitless; he is already dead; I gave orders for his immediate38 execution before I left Lucca. — But why are you so pale? — What agitates116 you?”
Euthanasia could not speak; the horror that she felt on hearing the violent death of one she loved announced so coldly by his murderer, overcame her: she struggled violently not to faint; but, when Castruccio drew near to support her, he found her hand cold and lifeless; and her trembling limbs alone shewed that she still felt: her lips were pale; she stood as if changed to stone:—
“Euthanasia, speak!”
“Speak! What should I say? Leave me! You touch me, and your hands are covered with blood, your garments are dripping with gore117; come not near me! — Oh! God, have pity on me, that I should know this misery! Leave me; you are not a man; your heart is stone; your very features betray the icy blood which fills your veins118. Oh, Leodino!”
And then she wept, and her features relaxed from the rigid119 horror they had expressed into softness and grief. After she had wept awhile, and thus calmed her agitation, she said: “My lord, this is the last time that we shall ever meet. You may attack my castle, if you will; you may tear it down, and leave not a stone to shew where it stood; but I will never voluntarily submit to a tyrant120 and a murderer. My answer is brief; — Do your worst: it cannot be so bad as that which you have already done! You have destroyed every hope of my life; you have done worse, far worse, than my words can express; do not exasperate121 me, or let me exasperate you, by a longer stay: I can never forgive the death of Leodino; farewell! — we are enemies; do your worst against me.”
She left him, unable to retain any longer even the patience to behold122 him. But she had no leisure afforded her to indulge her grief or indignation. Lauretta had heard of the death of her husband; and her despair, and the convulsions it occasioned, entirely123 engrossed124 Euthanasia’s attention, so that she forgot her own feelings and situation; nor did she recur125 to the threats of Castruccio, until they were recalled to her recollection by other proceedings126 on his part.
He did not doubt in his own mind, that, when pushed to extremity127, the countess would surrender her castle. When he first heard that it had been selected by the conspirators as their rendezvous128, he believed that she had had a principal share in the plot; but now, when assured of her innocence129 (for it was impossible not to believe her words, so clearly were truth and courageous130 sincerity131 painted on her noble countenance), he did not for that relent in his purpose of depriving her of the independence that she possessed132, in the midst of a territory subject to himself. Like many of his predecessors133 and successors in usurpation134, Castruccio had a method in his tyranny; and he never proceeded to any act of violence, without first consulting with his council, and obtaining their sanction to his measures. On his return from the castle of Valperga, he called together this friendly assembly, and represented to them the evil he incurred135 by permitting so violent a Guelph as the countess Euthanasia, to preserve her power, and erect102 her standard, in the very heart of his principality. His council replied to his representations with one voice, that the castle must be reduced.
The following morning Castruccio bade Arrigo di Guinigi carry a message to Euthanasia. Arrigo had always been a favourite with the countess; and Castruccio thought that it would be more delicate and forbearing, to send one so young and unpresuming as the bearer of his most displeasing136 message. Euthanasia received the youth with kindness; they talked on various subjects; but she carefully refrained from mentioning Castruccio’s name, or alluding137 to the late transactions at Lucca; and it was long before Arrigo could summon courage to introduce the topic himself; at length he said; “Madonna, I bear a message to you from the prince.”
Euthanasia changed colour when he was alluded138 to; he, whom she now feared, as formerly139 she had dwelt on his idea with love. She replied hastily; “What is Antelminelli’s pleasure with me? Speak quickly, that there may soon be an end of a subject, which I cannot even think upon without agitation.”
“Yet I must intreat your patience, for my message is neither short nor unimportant; and you must pardon me that I am its bearer: you know by what ties I am bound to Castruccio; and if I now obey him, do not, dearest countess, condemn140 me too harshly. He intreats you to remember what he said when he visited you two days ago; he has since discussed the affair in council; and it is agreed that you can no longer be permitted to retain your independence. You know that the prince is all — powerful here; his army is well disciplined and formidable; his commands every where submitted to unquestioned. Look at every castle and village for miles around; they acknowledge his law; you cannot dream therefore of resisting; and, if you refuse to submit, it is because you believe that he will not proceed to extremities141 with you. My dear Euthanasia, this is a grievous task for me, and one which no earthly power but Castruccio could have persuaded me to undertake; pardon me, if I appear unmannerly when I repeat his words.
“He says, that he does not forget the friendship that once subsisted between you, and that he deeply regrets that your coldness and violence caused a division between you; but this is a question of state, and not a private altercation142; and he would be unworthy of the trust reposed in him, if he permitted his individual inclinations to interfere143 with his duty towards the public. He is commanded by the ruling powers of his country, to compel the submission144 of the castle and rock of Valperga; and he is resolved to obey them: he intreats you to spare both yourself and him the unhappiness you will inflict145 on him, and the blood that must be shed, if you resist. It would be absurd to attempt to defend yourself alone: to give your cause the least chance of success you must call in foreign aid; and, by bringing the Florentines into the heart of this valley, you not only introduce war and destruction into the abodes146 of peace, but you act a treasonable part (forgive me if I repeat his word), in taking advantage of the power which you hold through his indulgence, to endeavour to bring ruin upon him. But, whatever you determine upon, whether to hold out with your own small forces, or to call strangers to your assistance, he is resolved to spare no exertion147, and to be stopped by no obstacle, until he has reduced into his own hands Valperga and all its dependencies; at the same time that you, so far from being a loser, except in nominal148 advantages, shall be fully compensated149 for your present possessions.”
Euthanasia listened attentively150, although sometimes disdain hovered151 on her lips, and at times her eyes flashed fire at the words she heard. She paused a moment to collect her thoughts, and then she replied: “My dear Arrigo, I pardon most freely all the part you take in these unfortunate circumstances; I would that the prince had not so far degraded himself, as to veil his tyranny with hypocrisy152 and falsehood; his is the power, and not the senate’s; to him I reply; and, casting away all the vain pretexts153 with which he would hide, perhaps to himself, his injustice154 and lawless ambition, I reply with plain words to his artful speech; and I beg that without any alteration155 you faithfully deliver my message to him.
“I will never willingly surrender my power into his hands: I hold it for the good of my people, who are happy under my government, and towards whom I shall ever perform my duty. I look upon him as a lawless tyrant, whom every one ought to resist to the utmost of their power; nor will I through cowardice156 give way to injustice. I may be exasperated157 beyond prudence; but right is on my side: I have preserved the articles of my alliance with him, and I will hold them still; but, if he attack me, I shall defend myself, and shall hold myself justified158 in accepting the assistance of my friends. If I had not that right, if indeed I had pledged myself to submit whenever he should call upon me to resign my birthright, what an absurd mockery is it to talk of his moderation towards me! I acknowledge that he might long ago have attempted, as now he threatens, to reduce this castle to a frightful159 ruin; but then I should have resisted as I shall now; resisted with my own forces, and those of my allies. Valperga stands on a barren rock, and the few villages that own its law are poor and unprotected; but this castle is as dear to me as all his dominion160 is to him; I inherited it from my ancestors; and if I wished to despoil161 myself of power, it would be to make my people free, and not to force them to enter the muster-roll of a usurper162 and a tyrant.
“My dear Arrigo, do not endeavour to persuade me to alter my purpose; for it is fixed. I am not young nor old enough to be scared by threats, nor happy enough to buy life on any terms Castruccio may choose to offer. I am willing to lose it in a just cause; and such I conceive to be the preservation163 of my inheritance.”
Arrigo was too raw and inexperienced to contend in words with Euthanasia; he was overcome by her enthusiasm, which, although serious and apparently164 quiet, was as a stream that runs deep and waveless, but whose course is swifter and stronger than that which wastes its force in foam165 and noise.
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1
ripening
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成 | |
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besieging
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| 包围，围困，围攻( besiege的现在分词 ) | |
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attentive
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| adj.注意的，专心的；关心(别人)的，殷勤的 | |
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nefarious
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| adj.恶毒的，极坏的 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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6
subscribed
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| v.捐助( subscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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creed
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| n.信条；信念，纲领 | |
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expediency
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| n.适宜；方便；合算；利己 | |
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conspired
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| 密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致 | |
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legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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sprout
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| n.芽，萌芽；vt.使发芽，摘去芽；vi.长芽，抽条 | |
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oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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galley
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| n.（飞机或船上的）厨房单层甲板大帆船；军舰舰长用的大划艇； | |
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vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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cork
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| n.软木，软木塞 | |
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eldest
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| adj.最年长的，最年老的 | |
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embarked
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| 乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事 | |
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anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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20
inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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21
penetrated
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| adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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22
infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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23
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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24
prosecuted
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| a.被起诉的 | |
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25
vigour
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| （=vigor）n.智力，体力，精力 | |
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26
undertaking
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| n.保证，许诺，事业 | |
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27
warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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28
disdain
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| n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑 | |
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29
consul
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| n.领事；执政官 | |
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30
bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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31
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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32
expend
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| vt.花费，消费，消耗 | |
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33
mediation
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| n.调解 | |
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34
subsisted
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| v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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35
peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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36
incur
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| vt.招致，蒙受，遭遇 | |
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37
violation
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| n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯 | |
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38
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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39
redress
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| n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除 | |
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40
rife
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| adj.(指坏事情)充斥的，流行的，普遍的 | |
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41
foment
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| v.煽动，助长 | |
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42
conspiracy
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| n.阴谋，密谋，共谋 | |
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43
overthrow
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| v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆 | |
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44
lieutenant
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| n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员 | |
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45
brewing
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| n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式 | |
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46
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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47
solicited
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| v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求 | |
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48
positively
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| adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实 | |
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49
intimidated
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| v.恐吓；威胁adj.害怕的；受到威胁的 | |
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50
repulse
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| n.击退，拒绝；vt.逐退，击退，拒绝 | |
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51
reiterated
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| 反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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52
devastation
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| n.毁坏；荒废；极度震惊或悲伤 | |
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53
scruples
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| n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 ) | |
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54
invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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55
pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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56
protracted
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|
| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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57
intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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58
faction
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| n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争 | |
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59
intimacy
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| n.熟悉，亲密，密切关系，亲昵的言行 | |
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60
hawking
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| 利用鹰行猎 | |
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61
courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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62
disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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63
bemoan
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| v.悲叹，哀泣，痛哭；惋惜，不满于 | |
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64
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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65
shunned
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| v.避开，回避，避免( shun的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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66
confiscation
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| n. 没收, 充公, 征收 | |
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67
withheld
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| withhold过去式及过去分词 | |
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68
esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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69
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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70
conspirators
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| n.共谋者，阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 ) | |
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71
secrecy
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| n.秘密，保密，隐蔽 | |
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72
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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73
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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74
pretence
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| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
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75
compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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76
confide
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| v.向某人吐露秘密 | |
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77
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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78
faltered
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| （嗓音）颤抖( falter的过去式和过去分词 )； 支吾其词； 蹒跚； 摇晃 | |
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79
passionately
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| ad.热烈地，激烈地 | |
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80
likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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81
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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82
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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83
repulsive
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| adj.排斥的，使人反感的 | |
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84
daunted
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| 使（某人）气馁，威吓( daunt的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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85
suppliant
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| adj.哀恳的；n.恳求者，哀求者 | |
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86
supplication
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| n.恳求，祈愿，哀求 | |
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87
assent
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| v.批准，认可；n.批准，认可 | |
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88
acceded
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| v.（正式）加入( accede的过去式和过去分词 )；答应；（通过财产的添附而）增加；开始任职 | |
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89
subdued
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| adj. 屈服的，柔和的，减弱的 动词subdue的过去式和过去分词 | |
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90
fomenting
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| v.激起，煽动（麻烦等）( foment的现在分词 ) | |
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91
traitors
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| 卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )； 叛徒； 背叛者； 背信弃义的人 | |
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92
incapable
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| adj.无能力的，不能做某事的 | |
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93
acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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94
artifice
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| n.妙计，高明的手段；狡诈，诡计 | |
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95
outrages
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| 引起…的义愤，激怒( outrage的第三人称单数 ) | |
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96
intrude
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| vi.闯入；侵入；打扰，侵扰 | |
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97
traitorous
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| adj. 叛国的, 不忠的, 背信弃义的 | |
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98
mime
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| n.指手画脚，做手势，哑剧演员，哑剧；vi./vt.指手画脚的表演，用哑剧的形式表演 | |
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99
reposed
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| v.将（手臂等）靠在某人（某物）上( repose的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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100
repugnance
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| n.嫌恶 | |
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101
razing
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| v.彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地( raze的现在分词 ) | |
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102
erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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103
descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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104
persevere
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| v.坚持，坚忍，不屈不挠 | |
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105
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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106
razed
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| v.彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地( raze的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
forfeit
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| vt.丧失；n.罚金，罚款，没收物 | |
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108
generosity
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| n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为 | |
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109
distinguished
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| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
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110
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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111
gratitude
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| adj.感激，感谢 | |
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112
banish
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| vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除 | |
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113
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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114
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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115
torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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116
agitates
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| 搅动( agitate的第三人称单数 )； 激怒； 使焦虑不安； （尤指为法律、社会状况的改变而）激烈争论 | |
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117
gore
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| n.凝血，血污；v.（动物）用角撞伤，用牙刺破；缝以补裆；顶 | |
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118
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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119
rigid
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| adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的 | |
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120
tyrant
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| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
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121
exasperate
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| v.激怒，使（疾病）加剧，使恶化 | |
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122
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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123
entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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124
engrossed
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| adj.全神贯注的 | |
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125
recur
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| vi.复发，重现，再发生 | |
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126
proceedings
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| n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报 | |
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127
extremity
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| n.末端，尽头；尽力；终极；极度 | |
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128
rendezvous
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| n.约会，约会地点，汇合点；vi.汇合，集合；vt.使汇合，使在汇合地点相遇 | |
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129
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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130
courageous
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| adj.勇敢的，有胆量的 | |
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131
sincerity
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| n.真诚，诚意；真实 | |
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132
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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133
predecessors
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| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
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134
usurpation
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| n.篡位；霸占 | |
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135
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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136
displeasing
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| 不愉快的，令人发火的 | |
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137
alluding
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| 提及，暗指( allude的现在分词 ) | |
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138
alluded
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| 提及，暗指( allude的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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139
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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140
condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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141
extremities
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| n.端点( extremity的名词复数 )；尽头；手和足；极窘迫的境地 | |
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142
altercation
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| n.争吵，争论 | |
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143
interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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144
submission
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| n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出 | |
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145
inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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146
abodes
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| 住所( abode的名词复数 )； 公寓； （在某地的）暂住； 逗留 | |
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147
exertion
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| n.尽力，努力 | |
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148
nominal
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| adj.名义上的；(金额、租金)微不足道的 | |
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149
compensated
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| 补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款） | |
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150
attentively
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| adv.聚精会神地；周到地；谛；凝神 | |
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151
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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152
hypocrisy
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| n.伪善，虚伪 | |
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153
pretexts
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| n.借口，托辞( pretext的名词复数 ) | |
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154
injustice
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| n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利 | |
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155
alteration
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| n.变更，改变；蚀变 | |
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156
cowardice
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| n.胆小，怯懦 | |
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157
exasperated
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| adj.恼怒的 | |
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158
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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159
frightful
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| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
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160
dominion
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| n.统治，管辖，支配权；领土，版图 | |
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161
despoil
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| v.夺取，抢夺 | |
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162
usurper
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| n. 篡夺者, 僭取者 | |
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163
preservation
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| n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持 | |
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164
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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165
foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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