Ly. Polystratus, I know now what men must have felt like when they saw the Gorgon’s head. I have just experienced the same sensation, at the sight of a most lovely woman. A little more, and I should have realized the legend, by being turned to stone; I am benumbed with admiration1.
Poly. Wonderful indeed must have been the beauty, and terrible the power of the woman who could produce such an impression on Lycinus. Tell me of this petrifying2 Medusa. Who is she, and whence? I would see her myself. You will not grudge3 me that privilege? Your jealousy4 will not take alarm at the prospect5 of a rival petrifaction6 at your side?
Ly. Well, I give you fair warning: one distant glimpse of her, and you are speechless, motionless as any statue. Nay7, that is a light affliction: the mortal wound is not dealt till her glance has fallen on you. What can save you then? She will lead you in chains, hither and thither8, as the magnet draws the steel.
Poly. Enough! You would make her more than human. And now tell me who she is.
Ly. You think I am exaggerating: I fear you will have but a poor opinion of my eloquence9 when you see her as she is — so far above my praise. Who she is, I cannot say: but to judge from the splendour of her surroundings, her retinue10, her host of eunuchs and maids, she must be of no ordinary rank.
Poly. And you never even asked her name?
Ly. Why no; but she is from Ionia; because, as she passed, I heard one of the bystanders speak aside to his neighbour: ‘See, he exclaimed, ‘what Smyrna can produce! And what wonder, if the fairest of Ionian cities has given birth to the fairest of women?’ I thought he must come from Smyrna himself, he was so proud of her.
Poly. There you acted your stony11 part to perfection. As you could neither follow her, nor make inquiries12 of the Smyrnaean, it only remains13 for you to describe her as best you can, on the chance of my recognizing her.
Ly. You know not what you ask. It is not in the power of words — certainly not of my words — to portray14 such wondrous15 beauty; scarcely could an Apelles, a Zeuxis, a Parrhasius — a Phidias or an Alcamenes, do justice to it; as for my flimsy workmanship, it will but insult the original.
Poly. Well, never mind; what was she like? There can be no harm in trying your hand. What if the portrait be somewhat out of drawing? — the critic is your good friend.
Ly. I think my best way out of it will be to call in the aid of some of the old masters I have named: let them fashion the likeness16 for me.
Poly. Well, but — will they come? They have been dead so long.
Ly. That is easily managed: but you must not mind answering me a few questions.
Poly. You have but to ask.
Ly. Were you ever at Cnidus?
Poly. I was.
Ly. Then you have seen the Aphrodite, of course?
Poly. That masterpiece of Praxiteles’s art! I have.
Ly. And heard the story they tell there — of the man who fell in love with the statue, and contrived18 to get shut into the temple alone, and there enjoyed such favours as a statue is able to bestow20. — But that is neither here nor there. — You have seen the Cnidian Aphrodite, anyhow; now I want to know whether you have also seen our own Aphrodite of the Gardens — the Alcamenes.
Poly. I must be a dullard of dullards, if that most exquisite21 of Alcamenes’s works had escaped my notice.
Ly. I forbear to ask whether in the course of your many visits to the Acropolis you ever observed the Sosandra of Calamis. 54
Poly. Frequently.
Ly. That is really enough for my purpose. But I should just like to know what you consider to be Phidias’s best work.
Poly. Can you ask? — The Lemnian Athene, which bears the artist’s own signature; oh, and of course the Amazon leaning on her spear.
Ly. I approve your judgement. We shall have no need of other artists: I am now to cull22 from each of these its own peculiar23 beauty, and combine all in a single portrait.
Poly. And how are you going to do that?
Ly. It is quite simple. All we have to do is to hand over our several types to Reason, whose care it must be to unite them in the most harmonious24 fashion, with due regard to the consistency25, as to the variety, of the result.
Poly. To be sure; let Reason take her materials and begin. What will she make of it, I wonder? Will she contrive19 to put all these different types together without their clashing?
Ly. Well, look; she is at work already. Observe her procedure. She begins with our Cnidian importation, from which she takes only the head; with the rest she is not concerned, as the statue is nude26. The hair, the forehead, the exquisite eyebrows27, she will keep as Praxiteles has rendered them; the eyes, too, those soft, yet bright-glancing eyes, she leaves unaltered. But the cheeks and the front of the face are taken from the ‘Garden’ Goddess; and so are the lines of the hands, the shapely wrists, the delicately-tapering fingers. Phidias and the Lemnian Athene will give the outline of the face, and the well-proportioned nose, and lend new softness to the cheeks; and the same artist may shape her neck and closed lips, to resemble those of his Amazon. Calamis adorns28 her with Sosandra’s modesty29, Sosandra’s grave half — smile; the decent seemly dress is Sosandra’s too, save that the head must not be veiled. For her stature30, let it be that of Cnidian Aphrodite; once more we have recourse to Praxiteles. — What think you, Polystratus? Is it a lovely portrait?
Poly. Assuredly it will be, when it is perfected. At present, my paragon31 of sculptors32, one element of loveliness has escaped your comprehensive grasp.
Ly. What is that?
Poly. A most important one. You will agree with me that colour and tone have a good deal to do with beauty? that black should be black, white be white, and red play its blushing part? It looks to me as if the most important thing of all were still lacking.
Ly. Well, how shall we manage? Call in the painters, perhaps, selecting those who were noted33 for their skill in mixing and laying on their colours? Be it so: we will have Polygnotus, Euphranor of course, Apelles and Aetion; they can divide the work between them. Euphranor shall colour the hair like his Hera’s; Polygnotus the comely34 brow and faintly blushing cheek, after his Cassandra in the Assembly-room at Delphi. Polygnotus shall also paint her robe — of the finest texture35, part duly gathered in, but most of it floating in the breeze. For the flesh-tints, which must be neither too pale nor too high-coloured, Apelles shall copy his own Campaspe. And lastly, Aetion shall give her Roxana’s lips. Nay, we can do better: have we not Homer, best of painters, though a Euphranor and an Apelles be present? Let him colour all like the limbs of Menelaus, which he says were ‘ivory tinged36 with red.’ He too shall paint her calm ‘ox — eyes,’ and the Theban poet shall help him to give them their ‘violet’ hue37. Homer shall add her smile, her white arms, her rosy38 finger-tips, and so complete the resemblance to golden Aphrodite, to whom he has compared Brises’ daughter with far less reason. So far we may trust our sculptors and painters and poets: but for her crowning glory, for the grace — nay, the choir39 of Graces and Loves that encircle her — who shall portray them?
Poly. This was no earthly vision, Lycinus; surely she must have dropped from the clouds. — And what was she doing?
Ly. In her hands was an open scroll40; half read (so I surmised) and half to be read. As she passed, she was making some remark to one of her company; what it was I did not catch. But when she smiled, ah! then, Polystratus, I beheld41 teeth whose whiteness, whose unbroken regularity42, who shall describe? Imagine a lovely necklace of gleaming pearls, all of a size; and imagine those dazzling rows set off by ruby43 lips. In that glimpse, I realized what Homer meant by his ‘carven ivory.’ Other women’s teeth differ in size; or they project; or there are gaps: here, all was equality and evenness; pearl joined to pearl in unbroken line. Oh, ’twas a wondrous sight, of beauty more than human.
Poly. Stay. I know now whom you mean, as well from your description as from her nationality. You said that there were eunuchs in her train?
Ly. Yes; and soldiers too.
Poly. My simple friend, the lady you have been describing is a celebrity44, and possesses the affections of an Emperor.
Ly. And her name?
Poly. Adds one more to the list of her charms; for it is the same as that of Abradatas’s wife. 55 You know Xenophon’s enthusiastic account of that beautiful and virtuous45 woman? — you have read it a dozen times.
Ly. Yes; and every time I read it, it is as if she stood before me. I almost hear her uttering the words the historian has put into her mouth, and see her arming her husband and sending him forth46 to battle.
Poly. Ah, my dear Lycinus, this lady has passed you but once, like a lightning flash; and your praises, I perceive, are all for those external charms that strike the eye. You are yet a stranger to her nobility of soul; you know not that higher, more god-like beauty. I am her fellow-countryman, I know her, and have conversed47 with her many times. You are aware that gentleness, humanity, magnanimity, modesty, culture, are things that I prize more than beauty-and rightly; to do otherwise would be as absurd as to value raiment above the body. Where physical perfection goes hand-inhand with spiritual excellence48, there alone (as I maintain) is true beauty. I could show you many a woman whose outward loveliness is marred49 by what is within; who has but to open her lips, and beauty stands confessed a faded, withered50 thing, the mean, unlovely handmaid of that odious51 mistress, her soul. Such women are like Egyptian temples: the shrine52 is fair and stately, wrought53 of costly54 marble, decked out with gilding55 and painting: but seek the God within, and you find an ape — an ibis — a goat — a cat. Of how many women is the same thing true! Beauty unadorned is not enough: and her true adornments are not purple and jewels, but those others that I have mentioned, modesty, courtesy, humanity, virtue56 and all that waits on virtue.
Ly. Why then, Polystratus, you shall give me story for story, good measure, shaken together, out of your abundance: paint me the portrait of her soul, that I may be no more her half-admirer.
Poly. This will be no light task, my friend. It is one thing to commend what all the world can see, and quite another to reveal what is hidden. I too shall want help with my portrait. Nor will sculptors and painters suffice me: I must have philosophers; it is by their canons that I must adjust the proportions of the figure, if I am to attain57 to the perfection of ancient models.
To begin then. Of her clear, liquid voice Homer might have said, with far more truth than of aged17 Nestor’s, that
honey from those lips distilled58.
The pitch, exquisitely59 soft, as far removed from masculine bass60 as from ultra-feminine treble, is that of a boy before his voice breaks; sweet, seductive, suavely61 penetrating62; it ceases, and still vibrating murmurs63 play, echo-like, about the listener’s ears, and Persuasion64 leaves her honeyed track upon his mind. But oh! the joy, to hear her sing, and sing to the lyre’s accompaniment. Let swans and halcyons65 and cicalas then be mute. There is no music like hers; Philomela’s self, ‘full-throated songstress’ though she be, is all unskilled beside her. Methinks Orpheus and Amphion, whose spell drew even lifeless things to hear them, would have dropped their lyres and stood listening in silence to that voice. What should Thracian Orpheus, what should Amphion, whose days upon Cithaeron were divided betwixt his lyre and his herd66 — what should they know of true concord67, of accurate rhythm, of accentuation and time, of the harmonious adaptation of lyre and voice, of easy and graceful68 execution? Yes; once hear her sing, Lycinus, and you will know something of Sirens as well as of Gorgons: you have experienced petrifaction; you will next learn what it is to stand entranced, forgetting country and kindred. Wax will not avail you: her song will penetrate69 through all; for therein is every grace that Terpsichore, Melpomene, Calliope herself, could inspire. In a word, imagine that you hear such notes as should issue from those lips, those teeth that you have seen. Her perfect intonation70, her pure Ionic accent, her ready Attic71 eloquence, need not surprise you; these are her birthright; for is not Smyrna Athens’ daughter? And what more natural than that she should love poetry, and make it her chief study? Homer is her fellow citizen. — There you have my first portrait; the portrait of a sweet-voiced songstress, though it fall far short of its original. And now for others. For I do not propose to make one of many, as you did. I aim higher: the complex picture of so many beauties wrought into one, however artful be the composition, cannot escape inconsistency: with me, each separate virtue of her soul shall sit for its own portrait.
Ly. What a banquet awaits me! Here, assuredly, is good measure. Mete72 it out; I ask for nothing better.
Poly. I proceed then to the delineation73 of Culture, the confessed mistress of all mental excellences74, particularly of all acquired ones: I must render her features in all their manifold variety; not even here shall my portraiture75 be inferior to your own. I paint her, then, with every grace that Helicon can give. Each of the Muses76 has but her single accomplishment77, be it tragedy or history or hymn78: all these Culture shall have, and with them the gifts of Hermes and of Apollo. The poet’s graceful numbers, the orator’s persuasive79 power, the historian’s learning, the sage’s counsel, all these shall be her adornments; the colours shall be imperishable, and laid on with no niggardly80 brush. It is not my fault, if I am unable to point to any classical model for the portrait: the records of antiquity81 afford no precedent82 for a culture so highly developed. — May I hang this beside the other? I think it is a passable likeness.
Ly. Passable! My dear Polystratus, it is sublime83; exquisitely finished in every line.
Poly. Next I have to depict84 Wisdom; and here I shall have occasion for many models, most of them ancient; one comes, like the lady herself, from Ionia. The artists shall be Aeschines and Socrates his master, most realistic of painters, for their heart was in their work. We could choose no better model of wisdom than Milesian Aspasia, the admired of the admirable ‘Olympian’ 56; her political knowledge and insight, her shrewdness and penetration85, shall all be transferred to our canvas in their perfect measure. Aspasia, however, is only preserved to us in miniature: our proportions must be those of a colossus.
Ly. Explain.
Poly. The portraits will be alike, but not on the same scale. There is a difference between the little republic of ancient Athens, and the Roman Empire of today; and there will be the same difference in scale (however close the resemblance in other respects) between our huge canvas and that miniature. A second and a third model may be found in Theano, and in the poetess of Lesbos; nay, we may add Diotima too. Theano shall give grandeur86 to the picture, Sappho elegance87; and Diotima shall be represented as well by her wisdom and sagacity, as by the qualities for which Socrates commended her. The portrait is complete. Let it be hung.
Ly. ’Tis a fine piece of work. Proceed.
Poly. Courtesy, benevolence88: that is now my subject. I have to show forth her gentle disposition89, her graciousness to suppliants90. She shall appear in the likeness of Theano — Antenor’s Theano this time — of Arete and her daughter Nausicaa, and of every other who in her high station has borne herself with constancy. Next comes constancy of another kind — constancy in love; its original, the daughter of Icarius, ‘constant’ and ‘wise,’ as Homer draws her; am I doing more than justice to his Penelope? And there is another: our lady’s namesake, Abradatas’s wife; of her we have already spoken.
Ly. Once more, noble work, Polystratus. And now your task must be drawing to a close: here is a whole soul depicted91; its every virtue praised.
Poly. Not yet: the highest praise remains. Born to magnificence, she clothes not herself in the pride of wealth; listens not to Fortune’s flattering tale, who tells her she is more than human; but walks upon the common ground, far removed from all thought of arrogance92 and ostentation93. Every man is her equal; her greeting, her smile are for all who approach her; and how acceptable is the kindness of a superior, when it is free from every touch of condescension94! When the power of the great turns not to insolence95 but to beneficence, we feel that Fortune has bestowed96 her gifts aright. Here alone Envy has no place. For how should one man grudge another his prosperity when he sees him using it with moderation, not, like the Homeric Ate, an oppressor of the weak, trampling97 on men’s necks? It is otherwise with those meaner souls — victims of their own ignoble98 vanity — who, when Fortune has raised them suddenly beyond their hopes into her winged aerial car, know no rest, can never look behind them, but must ever press upwards99. To such the end soon comes: Icarus-like, with melted wax and moulting feathers, they fall headlong into the billows, a derision to mankind. The Daedaluses use their waxen wings with moderation: they are but men; they husband their strength accordingly, and are content to fly a little higher than the waves — so little that the sun never finds them dry; and that prudence100 is their salvation101.
Therein lies this lady’s highest praise. She has her reward: all men pray that her wings may never droop102, and that blessings104 may increase upon her.
Ly. And may the prayer be granted! She deserves every blessing103: she is not outwardly fair alone, like Helen, but has a soul within more fair, more lovely than her body. It is a fitting crown to the happiness of our benevolent105 and gracious Emperor, that in his day such a woman should be born; should be his, and her affections his. It is blessedness indeed, to possess one of whom we may say with Homer that she contends with golden Aphrodite in beauty, and in works is the equal of Athene. Who of womankind shall be compared to her
In comeliness106, in wit, in goodly works?
Poly. Who indeed? — Lycinus, I have a proposal to make. Let us combine our portraits, yours of the body and mine of the soul, and throw them into a literary form, for the enjoyment107 of our generation and of all posterity108. Such a work will be more enduring than those of Apelles and Parrhasius and Polygnotus; it will be far removed from creations of wood and wax and colour, being inspired by the Muses, in whom alone is that true portraiture that shows forth in one likeness a lovely body and a virtuous soul.
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1
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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petrifying
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| v.吓呆，使麻木( petrify的现在分词 )；使吓呆，使惊呆；僵化 | |
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grudge
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| n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做 | |
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jealousy
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| n.妒忌，嫉妒，猜忌 | |
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prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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petrifaction
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| n.石化，化石；吓呆；惊呆 | |
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nay
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| adv.不；n.反对票，投反对票者 | |
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thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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eloquence
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| n.雄辩；口才，修辞 | |
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retinue
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| n.侍从；随员 | |
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stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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inquiries
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| n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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portray
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| v.描写，描述；画(人物、景象等) | |
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wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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likeness
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| n.相像，相似（之处） | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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contrived
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| adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的 | |
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contrive
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| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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cull
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| v.拣选；剔除；n.拣出的东西；剔除 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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harmonious
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| adj.和睦的，调和的，和谐的，协调的 | |
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consistency
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| n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度 | |
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nude
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| adj.裸体的；n.裸体者，裸体艺术品 | |
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eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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adorns
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| 装饰，佩带( adorn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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modesty
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| n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素 | |
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stature
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| n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材 | |
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paragon
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| n.模范，典型 | |
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sculptors
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| 雕刻家，雕塑家( sculptor的名词复数 )； [天]玉夫座 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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tinged
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| v.（使）发丁丁声( ting的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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hue
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| n.色度；色调；样子 | |
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rosy
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| adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的 | |
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choir
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| n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱 | |
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scroll
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| n.卷轴，纸卷；(石刻上的)漩涡 | |
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beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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regularity
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| n.规律性，规则性；匀称，整齐 | |
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ruby
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| n.红宝石，红宝石色 | |
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celebrity
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| n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望 | |
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virtuous
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| adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的 | |
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forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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conversed
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的过去式 ) | |
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excellence
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| n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德 | |
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49
marred
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| adj. 被损毁, 污损的 | |
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50
withered
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| adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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51
odious
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| adj.可憎的，讨厌的 | |
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52
shrine
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| n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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costly
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| adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的 | |
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gilding
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| n.贴金箔，镀金 | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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attain
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| vt.达到，获得，完成 | |
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distilled
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| adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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bass
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| n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴 | |
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suavely
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penetrating
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| adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的 | |
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63
murmurs
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| n.低沉、连续而不清的声音( murmur的名词复数 )；低语声；怨言；嘀咕 | |
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persuasion
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| n.劝说；说服；持有某种信仰的宗派 | |
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halcyons
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| n.翡翠鸟（halcyon的复数形式） | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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concord
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| n.和谐；协调 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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penetrate
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| v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解 | |
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intonation
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| n.语调，声调；发声 | |
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attic
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| n.顶楼，屋顶室 | |
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mete
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| v.分配；给予 | |
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delineation
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| n.记述；描写 | |
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excellences
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| n.卓越( excellence的名词复数 )；（只用于所修饰的名词后）杰出的；卓越的；出类拔萃的 | |
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portraiture
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| n.肖像画法 | |
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muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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hymn
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌 | |
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persuasive
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| adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的 | |
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niggardly
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| adj.吝啬的，很少的 | |
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antiquity
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| n.古老；高龄；古物，古迹 | |
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precedent
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| n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的 | |
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sublime
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| adj.崇高的，伟大的；极度的，不顾后果的 | |
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depict
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| vt.描画，描绘；描写，描述 | |
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penetration
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| n.穿透，穿人，渗透 | |
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grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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elegance
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| n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙 | |
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benevolence
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| n.慈悲，捐助 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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suppliants
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| n.恳求者，哀求者( suppliant的名词复数 ) | |
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depicted
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| 描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述 | |
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arrogance
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| n.傲慢，自大 | |
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ostentation
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| n.夸耀，卖弄 | |
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condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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insolence
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| n.傲慢；无礼；厚颜；傲慢的态度 | |
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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trampling
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| 踩( trample的现在分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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98
ignoble
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| adj.不光彩的，卑鄙的；可耻的 | |
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99
upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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100
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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101
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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102
droop
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| v.低垂，下垂；凋萎，萎靡 | |
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103
blessing
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| n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿 | |
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104
blessings
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| n.（上帝的）祝福( blessing的名词复数 )；好事；福分；因祸得福 | |
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105
benevolent
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| adj.仁慈的，乐善好施的 | |
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106
comeliness
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| n. 清秀, 美丽, 合宜 | |
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107
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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108
posterity
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| n.后裔，子孙，后代 | |
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