Apol. Father, is this true, about a man’s publicly throwing himself upon a pyre, at the Olympian Games? He was quite an old man, it seems, and rather a good hand at anything in the sensational2 line. Selene told us about it: she says she actually saw him burning.
Zeus. Quite true, my boy; only too true!
Apol. Oh? the old gentleman deserved a better fate?
Zeus. Why, as to that, I dare say he did. But I was alluding3 to the smell, which incommoded me extremely; the odour of roast man, I need hardly tell you, is far from pleasant. I made the best of my way to Arabia at once, or, upon my word, those awful fumes4 would have been the death of me. Even in that fragrant5 land of frankincense and spices I could scarcely get the villanous stench out of my nostrils6; the mere7 recollection of it makes me feel queer.
Apol. But what was his object, father? Was there anything to be got by jumping on to a pyre, and being converted to cinders8?
Zeus. Ah, if you come to that, you must call Empedocles to account first: he jumped into a crater9, in Sicily.
Apol. Poor fellow! he must have been in a sad way. But what was the inducement in the present case?
Zeus. I’ll quote you his own words. He made a speech, explaining his motives10 to the public. As far as I remember, he said — but who comes here in such haste? There must be something wrong: she is crying; some one has been ill-treating her. Why, it is Philosophy, in a sad way, calling out to me. Why are you crying, child? and what brings you here, away from the world? More misdeeds of the ignorant herd11? a repetition of the Socrates and Anytus affair? is that it?
Phi. No, father, nothing of that kind. The common people have been most polite and respectful; they are my most devout13 admirers — worshippers, I might almost say; not that they understand much of what I tell them. No; it was those — I don’t know what to call them — but the people who pretend to be on such friendly terms with me, and are always using my name; — the wretches14!
Zeus. Oh, it’s the philosophers who have been misbehaving themselves?
Phi. No, no, father; they have been just as badly treated as I have.
Zeus. Then if it is neither the philosophers nor the common people, who is it that you complain of?
Phi. There are some people who are between the two: they are not philosophers, and yet they are not like the rest of mankind. They are got up to look like philosophers; they have the dress, the walk, the expression; they call me mistress, write philosopher after their names, and declare themselves my disciples15 and followers16: but they are evil men, made up of folly17 and impudence18 and wickedness; a disgrace to my name. It was their misconduct that drove me away.
Zeus. Poor child! it is too bad of them. And what have they been doing to you exactly?
Phi. Judge for yourself whether the provocation19 was a slight one. When formerly20 you looked down upon the world, and saw that it was filled with iniquity21 and transgression22, and was become the troubled abode23 of sin and folly, you had compassion24 on the frailty26 of ignorant mankind, and sent me down to them: you bade me see to it, that wickedness and violence and brutality27 should cease from among them; I was to lift their eyes upwards28 to the truth, and cause them to live together in unity29. Remember your words on that occasion: ‘Behold30, my daughter, the misdeeds of mankind; behold how ignorance has wrought31 upon them. I feel compassion for them, and have chosen you from among all the Gods to heal their ills; for who else should heal them? ’
Zeus. I said that, and more. Yes? and how did they receive you at your first descent? and what is the trouble now?
Phi. My first flight was not directed towards Greece. I thought it best to begin with the hardest part of my task, which I took to be the instruction of the barbarians32. With the Greeks I anticipated no difficulty; I had supposed that they would accept my yoke33 without hesitation34. First, then, I went to the Indians, the mightiest35 nation upon earth. I had little trouble in persuading them to descend36 from their elephants and follow me. The Brahmins, who dwell between Oxydracae and the country of the Nechrei, are mine to a man: they live according to my laws, and are respected by all their neighbours; and the manner of their death is truly wonderful.
Zeus. Ah, to be sure: the Gymnosophists. I have heard a great deal of them. Among other things, they ascend37 gigantic pyres, and sit quietly burning to death without moving a muscle. However, that is no such great matter: I saw it done at Olympia only the other day. You would be there, no doubt — when that old man burnt himself?
Phi. No, father: I was afraid to go near Olympia, on account of those hateful men I was telling you of; I saw that numbers of them were going there, to make their barking clamour heard in the temple, and to abuse all comers. Accordingly I know nothing of this cremation38. But to continue: after I had left the Brahmins, I went straight to Ethiopia, and thence to Egypt, where I associated with the priests and prophets, and taught them of the Gods. Then to Babylon, to instruct the Chaldaeans and Mages. Next came Scythia, and after Scythia, Thrace; here Eumolpus and Orpheus were my companions. I sent them on into Greece before me; Eumolpus, whom I had thoroughly39 instructed in theology, was to institute the sacred mysteries, Orpheus to win men by the power of music. I followed close behind them. On my first arrival, the Greeks received me without enthusiasm: they did not, however, wholly reject my advances; by slow degrees I gained over seven men to be my companions and disciples, and Samos, Ephesus, and Abdera, 1 each added one to the little company. And then there sprang up — I scarce know how — the tribe of sophists: men who had but little of my spirit, yet were not wholly alien to me; a motley Centaur40 breed, in whom vanity and wisdom meeting were moulded into one incongruous whole. They clung not entirely41 to ignorance, but theirs was not the steady eye that could meet the gaze of Philosophy; and if at moments my semblance42 flashed phantom-like across their dulled vision, they held that in that dim shadow they had seen all that was to be seen. It was this pride that nourished the vain, unprofitable science that they mistook for invincible43 wisdom; the science of quaint44 conceits45, ingenious paradoxes46, and labyrinthine47 dilemmas48. My followers would have restrained them, and exposed their errors: but they grew angry, and conspired49 against them, and in the end brought them under the power of the law, which condemned50 them to drink of hemlock51. Doubtless I should have done well to renounce52 humanity there and then, and take my flight: but Antisthenes and Diogenes, and after them Crates12, and our friend Menippus, prevailed upon me to tarry yet a little longer. Would that I had never yielded! I should have been spared much pain in the sequel.
Zeus. But, my dear, you are merely giving way to your feelings, instead of telling me what your wrongs were.
Phi. Then hear them, father. There is a vile53 race upon the earth, composed for the most part of serfs and menials, creatures whose occupations have never suffered them to become acquainted with philosophy; whose earliest years have been spent in the drudgery54 of the fields, in learning those base arts for which they are most fitted — the fuller’s trade, the joiner’s, the cobbler’s — or in carding wool, that housewives may have ease in their spinning, and the thread be fit for warp55 and woof. Thus employed, they knew not in their youth so much as the name of Philosophy. But they had no sooner reached manhood, than they perceived the respect paid to my followers; how men submitted to their blunt speech, valued their advice, deferred56 to their judgement, and cowered57 beneath their censure58; all this they saw, and held that here was a life for a king. The learning, indeed, that befits a philosopher would have taken them long to acquire, if it was not utterly59 out of their reach. On the other hand, their own miserly handicrafts barely rewarded their toil60 with a sufficiency. To some, too, servitude was in itself an oppression: they knew it, in fact, for the intolerable thing it is. But they bethought them that there was still one chance left; their sheet-anchor, as sailors say. They took refuge with my lady Folly, called in the assistance of Boldness, Ignorance, and Impudence, ever their untiring coadjutors, and provided themselves with a stock of bran-new invectives; these they have ever ready on their tongues; ’tis their sole equipment; noble provision, is it not, for a philosopher? Nothing could be more plausible61 than the philosophic62 disguise they now assume, reminding one of the fabled63 ass25 of Cyme, in Aesop, who clothed himself in a lion’s skin, and, stoutly64 braying65, sought to play the lion’s part; the beast, I doubt not, had his adherents67. The externals of philosophy, as you know, are easily aped: it is a simple matter to assume the cloak and wallet, walk with a stick, and bawl68, and bark, and bray66, against all corners. They know that they are safe; their cloth protects them. Liberty is thus within their grasp: no need to ask their master’s leave; should he attempt to reclaim69 them, their sticks are at his service. No more short commons for them now, no more of crusts whose dryness is mitigated70 only by herbs or salt fish: they have choice of meats, drink the best of wines, and take money where they will, shearing71 the sheep, as they call it when they levy72 contributions, in the certainty that many will give, from respect to their garb73 or fear of their tongues. They foresee, of course, that they will be on the same footing as genuine philosophers; so long as their exterior74 is conformable, no one is likely to make critical distinctions. They take care not to risk exposure: at the first hint of a rational argument, they shout their opponent down, withdraw into the stronghold of personal abuse, and flourish their ever-ready cudgels. Question their practice, and you will hear much of their principles: offer to examine those principles, and you are referred to their conduct. The city swarms75 with these vermin, particularly with those who profess76 the tenets of Diogenes, Antisthenes, and Crates. Followers of the Dog, they care little to excel in the canine77 virtues79; they are neither trusty guardians80 nor affectionate, faithful servants: but for noise and greed and thievery and wantonness, for cringing81, fawning82 cupboard-love — there, indeed, they are perfect. Before long you will see every trade at a standstill, the workmen all at large: for every man of them knows that, whilst he is bent83 over his work from morning to night, toiling84 and drudging for a starvation wage, idle impostors are living in the midst of plenty, commanding charity where they will, with no word of thanks to the giver, and a curse on him that withholds85 the gift. Surely (he will say to himself) the golden age is returned, and the heavens shall rain honey into my mouth.
And would that that were all! But they have other ways of bringing discredit86 upon us, besides the baseness of their origin. When beauty comes within the reach of these grave and reverend gentlemen, they are guilty of excesses that I will not pollute my lips with mentioning. They have been known, like Trojan Paris, to seduce87 the wives of their own hosts, and to quote the authority of Plato for leaving these fair converts at the disposal of all their acquaintance; they little knew the true meaning of that inspired philosopher’s community of women. I will not tire you with a description of their drunken orgies; observe, however, that these are the men who preach against drunkenness and adultery and avarice88 and lewdness89. Could any contrast be greater than that presented by their words and their deeds? They speak their detestation of flattery: a Gnathonides and a Struthias are less fulsome90 than they. They bid men tell the truth: yet their own tongues cannot move but to utter lies. To hear them, you would say they were at war with pleasure, and Epicurus their bitterest foe91: yet nothing do they do but for pleasure’s sake. Querulous, irritable92, passionate93 as cradled babes, they are a derision to the beholder94; the veriest trifle serves to move their ire, to bring the purple to their cheeks, ungoverned fury to their eyes, foam95 — call it rather venom96 — to their lips. Preserve me from their turbid97 rantings! Gold I ask not, nor silver; be one penny all my wealth, to purchase beans withal. And for my drink, a river, a spring, shall furnish me. But presently it turns out that what they want is not pence, nor shillings, but whole fortunes. He must be a thriving merchant, whose cargoes98 will bring him in such profits as these men suck out of philosophy. They are sufficiently99 provided at last, and then off goes the hated uniform: lands and houses are bought, and soft raiment, and comely100 pages. Inquire of them now for Crates’s wallet, Antisthenes’s cloak, Diogenes’s tub: they know nothing of the matter. When men see these things, they spit in the face of philosophy; they think that all philosophers are the same, and blame me their teacher. It is long since I have won over any to my side. I toil like Penelope at the loom101, and one moment undoes102 all that I have done. Ignorance and Wickedness watch my unavailing labours, and smile.
Zeus. Really, Philosophy has been shamefully103 treated. We must take some measures with these rascals105. Let us think what is to be done. The single stroke of the thunderbolt is too quick a death.
Apol. Father, I have a suggestion to make. By their neglect of the Muses106, these vile quacks107 have incurred108 my own resentment109 as well as Philosophy’s . They are not worthy110 to die by your hand. Instead, I would advise your sending Hermes to them, with full authority to punish them at his discretion111. With his forensic112 experience, he will be at no loss to distinguish between the true philosopher and the false. The former will receive merited praise: on the latter he will inflict113 such chastisement114 as the circumstances demand.
Zeus. A sensible proposal. Heracles, you can go too; take Philosophy with you, and lose no time. Think: this will make your thirteenth Labour, and a creditable one too, the extermination115 of these reptiles116.
Hera. Rather than meddle117 with them, I would give the Augean stables a second clean-out. However, let us be starting, Philosophy.
Phi. If I must, I must.
Her. Yes, come along, and we will polish off a few to-day. — Which way, Philosophy? You know where they are to be found. Somewhere in Greece, of course?
Phi. Oh no; the few that there are in Greece are genuine philosophers. Attic118 poverty is not at all to the liking119 of the impostors; we must look for them in places where gold and silver mines abound120.
Her. Straight to Thrace, then?
Hera. Yes, Thrace, and I will show you the way. I know every inch of Thrace; I have been there so often. Look here, this is our route.
Her. Yes?
Hera. You see those two magnificent mountains (the big one is Haemus, and the other Rhodope), and the fertile plain that spreads between them, running to the very foot of either? These three grand, rugged121 crests122 that stand out so proudly yonder form as it were a triple citadel123 to the city that lies beneath; you can see it now, look.
Her. Superb! A queen among cities; her splendours reach us even here. And what is the great river that flows so close beneath the walls?
Hera. The Hebrus, and the city was built by Philip. Well, we have left the clouds behind us now; let us try our fortune on terra firma.
Her. Very good; and what comes next? How do we hunt our vermin down?
Hera. Ah, that is where you come in, Mr. Crier: oblige us by crying them without loss of time.
Her. There is only one objection to that: I do not know what they are called. What names am I to say, Philosophy? and how shall I describe them?
Phi. I am not sure of their names, as I have never come into contact with them. To judge from their grasping propensities124, however, you can hardly go wrong with Cteso, Ctesippus, Ctesicles, Euctemon, Polyctetus 1.
Her. To be sure. But who are these men? They seem to be looking for something too. Why, they are coming up to speak to us.
Innkeeper and Masters. Excuse us, madam, and gentlemen, but have you come across a company of three rascals conducting a woman — a very masculine-looking female, with hair cut short in the Spartan125 fashion?
Phi. Ha! the very people we are looking for!
Masters. Indeed, madam? But these are three runaway slaves. The woman was kidnapped by them, and we want to get her back.
Her. Our business with them I will tell you afterwards. For the present, let us make a joint126 proclamation.
Disappeared. A Paphlagonian slave, formerly of Sinope. Any person giving information as to his whereabouts will be rewarded; the amount of the reward to be fixed127 by the informant. Description. Name: begins with CTE. Complexion128: sallow. Hair: close-cropped, with long beard. Dress: a coarse cloak with wallet. Temper: bad. Education: none. Voice: harsh. Manner: offensive.
First Master. Why, what is all this about? His name used to be Cantharus when he was with. me. He had long hair, and no beard, and was apprenticed129 to my trade; I am a fuller, and he was in my shop, dressing130 cloth.
Phi. Yes, it is the same; but he has dressed to some purpose this time, and has become a philosopher.
First Master. Cantharus a philosopher! I like that. And where do I come in?
Second and Third Masters. Oh well, we shall get them all now. This lady knows all about them, it seems.
Phi. Heracles, who is this comely person with a lyre?
Hera. It is Orpheus. I was on the Argo with him. He was the best of boatswains; it was quite a pleasure to row to his singing. Welcome, my musical friend: you have not forgotten Heracles, I hope?
Or. And welcome to all of you, Philosophy, Heracles, Hermes. I should like my reward, please: I can lay my finger on your man.
Her. Then show us the way. It is useless, of course, to offer gold to the gifted son of Calliope?
Or. Oh, quite. — I will show you the house, but not the man. His tongue might avenge131 him; scurrility132 is his strong point.
Her. Lead on.
Or. It is this house close by. And now I shall leave you; l have no wish to set eyes on him.
Her. Hush133! Was that a woman’s voice, reciting Homer?
Phi. It was. Let us listen.
Innkeeper’s Wife.
More than the gates of Hell I hate that man
Who, loving gold, cloaketh his love with lies.
Her. At that rate, madam, you will have to quarrel with Cantharus:
He with his kindly134 host hath dealt amiss.
Innkeeper. That ’s me. I took him in, and he ran away with my wife.
Innk. Wife.
Wine-witted knave135, deer-hearted and dog-eyed,
Thersites, babbler loose, that nought136 availest
In council, nought in arms; most valiant137 daw,
That with thine aimless chatter138 chidest kings —
First Master. My rascal104 to a T.
Innk. Wife.
The dog in thee — for thou art dog and goat
And lion — doth a blasting fury breathe.
Innkeeper. Wife, wife! the dogs have been too many for you; ay, and for your virtue78, so men say.
Her. Hope for the best; some little Cerberus or Geryon shall call you father, and Heracles have employment again. — Ah, no need to knock: here they come.
First Master. Ha, Cantharus, have I got you? What, nothing to say for yourself? Let us see what you have in that wallet; beans, no doubt, or a crust of bread.
Her. Bread, indeed! Gold, a purseful of it!
Hera. That need not surprise you. In Greece, you see, he was a Cynic, but here he is all for golden Chrysippus. Next you will see him dangling139, Cleanthes-like 1, by his beard, and serve the dirty fellow right.
Second Master. Ha, you rascal there, am I mistaken, or are you my lost Lecythio? Lecythio it is. What a figure! Lecythio a philosopher! I’ll believe anything after this.
Her. Does none of you know anything about this other? Third Master. Oh yes, he is mine; but he may go hang for me.
Her. And why is that?
Third Master. Ah, he ’s a sadly leaky vessel140, is Rosolio, as we used to call him.
Her. Gracious Heracles! did you hear that? Rosolio with wallet and stick! — Friend, here is your wife again.
Innkeeper. Thank you for nothing. I’ll have no woman brought to bed of an old book in my house.
Her. How am I to understand that?
Innkeeper. Why, the Three-headed Dog is a book, master? Her. Ay, and so was the Man with the Three Hats, for that matter.
Masters. We leave the rest to you, sir.
Her. This is my judgement. Let the woman return beneath her husband’s roof, or many-headed monsters will come of it. These two truant141 sparks I hand over to their owners: let them follow their trades as heretofore; Lecythio wash clothes, and Rosolio patch them; — not, however, before his back has felt the mallow-stalk. And for Cantharus, first let the men of pitch take him, and plaster him without mercy; and be their pitch the vilest142 procurable143. Then let him be led forth144 to stand upon the snowy slopes of Haemus, naked and fettered145.
Can. Mercy! have mercy on me! Ah me! I am undone146!
First Master. So tragic147? Come, follow me to the plasterers; and off with that lion’s -skin, lest you be taken for other than an ass.
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runaway
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| n.逃走的人，逃亡，亡命者；adj.逃亡的，逃走的 | |
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sensational
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| adj.使人感动的，非常好的，轰动的，耸人听闻的 | |
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alluding
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| 提及，暗指( allude的现在分词 ) | |
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fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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fragrant
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| adj.芬香的，馥郁的，愉快的 | |
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nostrils
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| 鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 ) | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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cinders
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| n.煤渣( cinder的名词复数 )；炭渣；煤渣路；煤渣跑道 | |
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crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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crates
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| n. 板条箱, 篓子, 旧汽车 vt. 装进纸条箱 | |
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devout
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| adj.虔诚的，虔敬的，衷心的 (n.devoutness) | |
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wretches
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| n.不幸的人( wretch的名词复数 )；可怜的人；恶棍；坏蛋 | |
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disciples
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| n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一 | |
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followers
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| 追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件 | |
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folly
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| n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话 | |
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impudence
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| n.厚颜无耻；冒失；无礼 | |
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provocation
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| n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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iniquity
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| n.邪恶；不公正 | |
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transgression
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| n.违背；犯规；罪过 | |
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abode
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| n.住处，住所 | |
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compassion
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| n.同情，怜悯 | |
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ass
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| n.驴；傻瓜，蠢笨的人 | |
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frailty
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| n.脆弱；意志薄弱 | |
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brutality
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| n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮 | |
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upwards
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| adv.向上，在更高处...以上 | |
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unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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yoke
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| n.轭；支配；v.给...上轭，连接，使成配偶 | |
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hesitation
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| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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mightiest
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| adj.趾高气扬( mighty的最高级 )；巨大的；强有力的；浩瀚的 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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ascend
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| vi.渐渐上升，升高；vt.攀登，登上 | |
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cremation
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| n.火葬，火化 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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centaur
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| n.人首马身的怪物 | |
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entirely
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| ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地 | |
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semblance
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| n.外貌，外表 | |
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invincible
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| adj.不可征服的，难以制服的 | |
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44
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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45
conceits
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| 高傲( conceit的名词复数 )； 自以为； 巧妙的词语； 别出心裁的比喻 | |
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46
paradoxes
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| n.似非而是的隽语，看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法( paradox的名词复数 )；用于语言文学中的上述隽语；有矛盾特点的人[事物，情况] | |
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47
labyrinthine
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| adj.如迷宫的；复杂的 | |
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48
dilemmas
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| n.左右为难( dilemma的名词复数 )；窘境，困境 | |
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49
conspired
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| 密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致 | |
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50
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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51
hemlock
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| n.毒胡萝卜，铁杉 | |
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52
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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53
vile
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| adj.卑鄙的，可耻的，邪恶的；坏透的 | |
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54
drudgery
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| n.苦工，重活，单调乏味的工作 | |
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55
warp
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| vt.弄歪，使翘曲，使不正常，歪曲，使有偏见 | |
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56
deferred
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| adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从 | |
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57
cowered
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| v.畏缩，抖缩( cower的过去式 ) | |
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58
censure
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| v./n.责备；非难；责难 | |
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59
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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60
toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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61
plausible
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| adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的 | |
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62
philosophic
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| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
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63
fabled
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| adj.寓言中的，虚构的 | |
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64
stoutly
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| adv.牢固地，粗壮的 | |
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65
braying
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| v.发出驴叫似的声音( bray的现在分词 )；发嘟嘟声；粗声粗气地讲话（或大笑）；猛击 | |
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66
bray
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| n.驴叫声, 喇叭声；v.驴叫 | |
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67
adherents
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| n.支持者，拥护者( adherent的名词复数 )；党羽；徒子徒孙 | |
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68
bawl
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| v.大喊大叫，大声地喊，咆哮 | |
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69
reclaim
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| v.要求归还，收回；开垦 | |
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70
mitigated
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| v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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71
shearing
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| n.剪羊毛，剪取的羊毛v.剪羊毛( shear的现在分词 )；切断；剪切 | |
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72
levy
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| n.征收税或其他款项，征收额 | |
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73
garb
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| n.服装，装束 | |
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74
exterior
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| adj.外部的，外在的；表面的 | |
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75
swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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76
profess
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| v.声称，冒称，以...为业，正式接受入教，表明信仰 | |
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77
canine
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| adj.犬的，犬科的 | |
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78
virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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79
virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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80
guardians
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| 监护人( guardian的名词复数 )； 保护者，维护者 | |
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81
cringing
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| adj.谄媚，奉承 | |
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82
fawning
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| adj.乞怜的，奉承的v.（尤指狗等）跳过来往人身上蹭以示亲热( fawn的现在分词 )；巴结；讨好 | |
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83
bent
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| n.爱好，癖好；adj.弯的；决心的，一心的 | |
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84
toiling
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| 长时间或辛苦地工作( toil的现在分词 )； 艰难缓慢地移动，跋涉 | |
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85
withholds
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| v.扣留( withhold的第三人称单数 )；拒绝给予；抑制（某事物）；制止 | |
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86
discredit
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| vt.使不可置信；n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑 | |
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87
seduce
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| vt.勾引，诱奸，诱惑，引诱 | |
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88
avarice
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| n.贪婪；贪心 | |
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89
lewdness
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| n. 淫荡, 邪恶 | |
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90
fulsome
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| adj.可恶的，虚伪的，过分恭维的 | |
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91
foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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92
irritable
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| adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的 | |
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93
passionate
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| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
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94
beholder
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| n.观看者，旁观者 | |
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95
foam
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| v./n.泡沫，起泡沫 | |
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96
venom
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| n.毒液，恶毒，痛恨 | |
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97
turbid
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| adj.混浊的，泥水的，浓的 | |
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98
cargoes
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| n.（船或飞机装载的）货物( cargo的名词复数 )；大量，重负 | |
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99
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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100
comely
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| adj.漂亮的，合宜的 | |
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101
loom
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| n.织布机，织机；v.隐现，(危险、忧虑等)迫近 | |
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102
undoes
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| 松开( undo的第三人称单数 )； 解开； 毁灭； 败坏 | |
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103
shamefully
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| 可耻地； 丢脸地； 不体面地； 羞耻地 | |
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104
rascal
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| n.流氓；不诚实的人 | |
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105
rascals
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| 流氓( rascal的名词复数 )； 无赖； （开玩笑说法）淘气的人（尤指小孩）； 恶作剧的人 | |
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106
muses
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| v.沉思，冥想( muse的第三人称单数 )；沉思自语说（某事） | |
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107
quacks
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| abbr.quacksalvers 庸医，骗子(16世纪习惯用水银或汞治疗梅毒的人)n.江湖医生( quack的名词复数 )；江湖郎中；（鸭子的）呱呱声v.（鸭子）发出嘎嘎声( quack的第三人称单数 ) | |
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108
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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109
resentment
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| n.怨愤，忿恨 | |
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110
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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111
discretion
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| n.谨慎；随意处理 | |
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112
forensic
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| adj.法庭的，雄辩的 | |
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113
inflict
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| vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担 | |
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114
chastisement
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| n.惩罚 | |
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115
extermination
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| n.消灭，根绝 | |
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116
reptiles
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| n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 ) | |
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117
meddle
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| v.干预，干涉，插手 | |
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118
attic
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| n.顶楼，屋顶室 | |
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119
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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120
abound
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| vi.大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于 | |
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121
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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122
crests
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| v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的第三人称单数 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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123
citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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124
propensities
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| n.倾向，习性( propensity的名词复数 ) | |
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125
spartan
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| adj.简朴的，刻苦的；n.斯巴达；斯巴达式的人 | |
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126
joint
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| adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合 | |
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127
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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128
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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129
apprenticed
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| 学徒，徒弟( apprentice的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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130
dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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131
avenge
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| v.为...复仇，为...报仇 | |
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132
scurrility
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| n.粗俗下流；辱骂的言语 | |
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133
hush
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| int.嘘，别出声；n.沉默，静寂；v.使安静 | |
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134
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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135
knave
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| n.流氓；（纸牌中的）杰克 | |
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136
nought
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| n.／adj.无，零 | |
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137
valiant
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| adj.勇敢的，英勇的；n.勇士，勇敢的人 | |
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138
chatter
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| vi.／n.喋喋不休；短促尖叫；(牙齿)打战 | |
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139
dangling
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| 悬吊着( dangle的现在分词 )； 摆动不定； 用某事物诱惑…； 吊胃口 | |
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140
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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141
truant
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| n.懒惰鬼，旷课者；adj.偷懒的，旷课的，游荡的；v.偷懒，旷课 | |
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142
vilest
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| adj.卑鄙的( vile的最高级 )；可耻的；极坏的；非常讨厌的 | |
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143
procurable
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| adj.可得到的，得手的 | |
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144
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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145
fettered
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| v.给…上脚镣，束缚( fetter的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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146
undone
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| a.未做完的，未完成的 | |
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147
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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