"A visit to the Lunatic Asylum building, on the eastern side of the harbor, furnishes some notes of interest. The walk from the ferry has very pleasing features of village, farming and woodland character. The building stands on a rising ground, which commands a noble view of the western bank of the harbor opposite; northward3, of the Narrows and Basin; and southward, of the islands, headlands and ocean. The medical superintendent4 of the institution is actively5 engaged carrying out plans toward the completion of the building, and gives very courteous6 facilities to visitors. The part of the Asylum which now appears of such respectable dimensions is just one-third part of the intended building. It is expected to accommodate ninety patients; the completed building, two hundred and fifty. The private and public rooms, cooking,[Pg 318] serving, heating and other apartments appear to be very judiciously8 arranged, with an eye to good order, cheerfulness and thorough efficiency. The building is well drained, defective9 mason-work has been remedied, and all appears steadily10 advancing towards the consummation of wishes long entertained by its philanthropic projectors11. The building is to be lighted with gas manufactured on the premises12; all the apartments are to be heated by steam; and the water required for various purposes of the establishment, after being conveyed from the lakes, is to be raised to the loft13 immediately under the roof, and there held in tanks, ready for demand. The roofing we understand to be a model for lightness of material and firmness of construction. The heating apparatus15 occupies the underground floor. It consists of numerous coils of metal tubes, to which the steam is conveyed from an out-building, which contains the furnace and other apparatus. From the hot-air apartment the warm air is conveyed, by means of flues, to the various rooms of the building, each flue being under the immediate14 control of the officers of the institution. Ventilation is obtained by flues communicating with the space just below the roof; and the impure16 air is expected to pass off through openings in the cupola which rises above the roof ridges17. By the heating apparatus the danger and trouble consequent on numerous fires are avoided, at about the same expense which the common mode would cause. Very judicious7 arrangements for drainage, laying off the grounds, etc., appear to have been adopted, and are in progress. The building is to be approached by a gracefully18 curved carriage road. The grounds are to be surrounded by a hawthorn20 fence, immediately within which will be a shaded, thoroughly21 drained path for walking. The slopes of the hill in front are[Pg 319] in course of levelling, and will soon present a scene of lawn and grain field; while a southwest area is laid off as an extensive garden and nursery of trees and shrubs22. This important appendage23 to such an institution is charmingly situated24, as regards scenery; and, with its terraces, plantation25, vegetable and flower departments, etc., will soon be a very admirable place of resort for purposes of sanitary26 toil27, or retirement28 and rest. We rejoice that, altogether, the establishment promises to be a very decided29 proof of provincial30 advance, and a credit to the country. After all the difficulties, delays and doubts that have occurred, this is a very gratifying result. The building is expected to be ready for reception of patients sometime in September, or the early part of October."—Halifax Morning Sun, June 14, 1858.
Halifax.—The following letter of a correspondent of the New York Times may interest the reader. It is a very fair account of the aspect of the chief city of this Province:
"The Lieutenant-Governor, Sir J. Gaspard le Marchant, is said to be a severe disciplinarian. He served in the wars of the Peninsula, and is now being rewarded for his distinguished31 services as Governor of this Province. He reviews the troops twice a week upon the Common, and is very strict. The evolutions of the rank and file are the most perfect exhibitions of the kind I have ever witnessed. During one of these reviews I took occasion to remark to a citizen that they were almost equal to the Seventh Regiment33 of New York. The bystanders laughed incredulously. The bands are as per[Pg 320]fect in movement as the troops. The whole affair passes off literally34 like clock-work, a pendulum35 being kept in sight of the reviewing officers, by which to measure the music of the bands, and step of the soldiers. Each review concludes with a presentation of the royal standard—the identical colors which were first unfurled upon the Redan by this regiment at the fall of Sebastopol. The ceremony is impressive, an almost superstitious36 reverence37 being paid to the triumphant38 bunting. The review ended, the band remains39 for a half hour to play for the entertainment of the citizens, who generally attend in large numbers.
"There are among the officers and soldiers of the 62d and 63d many bearing upon their left breasts the Victoria medal, and other decorations bestowed40 for distinguished bravery at Sebastopol. The most eminent41 of these is Colonel Ingall, who has both breasts covered with these testimonials of bravery. They are not, however, confined to the officers, but many of the rank and file are favored in like manner.
"The military as a whole are popular among the citizens, and many of the officers, and not a few of the privates since their return from the Crimea, have stormed other Malakoffs, when the victory has been as signal, if the risks have not been as great, carrying off, as trophies42, some of the finest girls in the place.
"Upon entering this harbor from the sea the principal objects of interest to a stranger are the fortifications which line its two sides, the first three or four being round castles pierced for two tiers of guns, and having temporary wooden roofs thrown over them to protect the works; they are situated upon prominent points and islands commanding both entrances. The first principal fort is that situated at the[Pg 321] junction43 of the 'northwest arm' with the harbor. This is a granite44 structure of some pretensions45, and during the past season was, with the high, level lands which surround it, made the head-quarters or camping-ground for the troops. Tents here covered all the hill-side, presenting a very picturesque46 appearance; camp life was adopted in all its details, and the most thorough drilling was gone through with, including the digging of trenches47, throwing up earth-works, etc. The fortifications upon George's Island, just below the town, are being extended and strengthened, and when completed, will be the principal defence of the harbor. The Citadel48 or Fort George, occupies the high, round hill which rises directly back of the town, to about three hundred feet above the tide, and perfectly49 commands the town and adjacent harbor. There is said to be room enough within its walls for all the inhabitants of the town, to which they could retreat in case of a siege. From a personal inspection50, however, I judge they would have to pack them pretty closely. The works cover an area of about six acres, there being a double line of forts, composed of massive granite, and presenting every variety of angle. A ditch twenty-five feet deep and sixty feet wide surrounds it on all sides, with a single entrance or bridgeway, on the east aide, which could be removed in an hour. Two ravelins, which have been lately completed within the walls, are elegant specimens51 of masonry52. The whole hill is being rounded off, and a line of earth-works are to be constructed at its base at every salient angle. The parapet is now covered at wide intervals53, with 32-pounders, mounted upon iron carriages. Extensive changes and improvements are being adopted, and when the present plans are complete, this fort, it is said, will mount over 400 guns. The cast-iron[Pg 322] swivel carriages are condemned54 as being too liable to injury from cannon-shots, and are all to be replaced by others made of teak-wood.
"There exists, evidently, some reluctance55 among the officers in command to a close inspection of these works by foreigners. An instance in point occurred to-day. There were two young men, Americans, looking at the fort. They had obtained permission, which is given in writing by the Quartermaster-General, to inspect the Signal-Station, etc., but they were observed with paper and pencil in hand, taking down particular memoranda56 of the fortification, the size of guns, their number, the positions of the ravelins and what not. As this was considered a palpable breach57 of courtesy, a sergeant58 tapped them on the shoulder and led them out of the gate, with a reprimand for what he called their want of good manners. It is a long time since anything of the kind has occurred.
"This Citadel is the place from which all vessels60 are signalled to the town. The signal stations are four in number; the first being at the Citadel, the second at 'York Redcut,' five miles down the harbor, the third, 'Camperdown,' some ten miles further, and the fourth, with which this last signals, is the island of 'Sambro,' ten miles south of the entrance to the harbor. The system is carried on by means of a series of black balls, which are hoisted61 in different positions upon two yard-arms, a long and a short one, placed one above the other on a tall flag-staff. The communication is very rapid, and is exempt62 from liability to mistakes. A sentence transmitting an order of any kind from one of the lower stations is sent and received in less than two minutes. The distance from 'Sambro,' the outer station, is about twenty miles[Pg 323] from the Citadel. Maryatt's code of marine63 signals is in use here. The new marine code, lately issued under the auspices64 of the London Board of Trade, 'for all nations,' is pronounced by the operator as too complicated to become of any practical use, necessitating65, as it would, the employment of a 'flag-lieutenant' on board every ship, who should do nothing but the signalling, since not one captain in a hundred would ever have the time or patience to acquaint himself with its mysteries.
"Some works of internal improvement are in progress, which will be important in promoting the prosperity and in developing the resources of this Province. A railroad across the Isthmus66 to Truro, with a branch-road to Windsor, will connect the interior towns with Halifax, and furnish modern facilities for communication with the other Provinces and with the States. Twenty-two miles of the road are already completed, and the remainder will be finished soon. A canal is also in progress from the head of Halifax harbor (north side) in the direction of Truro, which is to connect a remarkable67 chain of lakes with the Shubenacadie River, which empties into Minas' Basin at the head of the Bay of Fundy. Great results are anticipated in favor of the farming and other interests along its route. The work is in an advanced stage towards completion.
"There is, it is said, no portion of the American Continent so abundantly supplied with water communication as Nova Scotia. The whole interior is a continuous chain of lakes. The coast is rocky and most unpromising, but the interior is said to contain some of the best farming land east of Illinois. Hon. Albert Pillsbury, the American Consul68, who is thoroughly conversant69 with the resources of the Province, declares it, in[Pg 324] his opinion, the richest portion of the American Continent—richest in coal, minerals and agricultural resources. Mr. Pillsbury takes advantage of his well-deserved popularity in the Province to tell the Blue Noses some home truths. On one occasion he told them it was evident the Lord knew they were the laziest people on the earth, and had, therefore, taken pity on them, and given them more facilities for transacting70 their business than were possessed71 by any other people under the sun.
"In the newspaper line Nova Scotia appears to be fully19 up to the spirit of the age. The following is a list of all kinds published in the Province:
"Tri-Weeklies.—Morning Journal, Morning Chronicle, Morning Advertiser, the Sun, and British Colonist72.
"Weeklies.—Acadian Recorder, Nova Scotian, Weekly Sun, and Weekly Colonist.
"Religious (?).—Church Times, Episcopal; Presbyterian Witness, Presbyterian Church of Nova Scotia, etc.; Monthly Record, Established Church of Scotland or Kirk; Christian73 Messenger, Baptist; Catholic, Roman Catholic; Wesleyan, Methodist.
"Temperance.—The Abstainer74.
"Weeklies.—Yarmouth Herald75, published at Yarmouth; Yarmouth Tribune (semi-weekly); Liverpool Transcript76, Liverpool; Western News, Bridgetown; Avon Herald (semi-weekly), Windsor; Eastern Chronicle, Pictou; Antigonish Casket, Antigonish; Cape77 Breton News, Sidney, C. B.
"In telegraphs they are better supplied than any other portion of the world of equal territory, and the same number of inhabitants. There are thirty-nine offices, and 1,300 miles of telegraphic wire in this Province.[Pg 325]
"The Reciprocity Treaty has largely increased the trade of Nova Scotia, but the means of intercommunication are still far behind the wants of the people. When it was proposed a year ago to place a steamer upon the line from Halifax to Boston, to carry freight and passengers, the idea was scouted78 as chimerical79, and certain to fail. The Eastern State, a Philadelphia-built propeller80 of 330 tons, was purchased and commenced to ply81 fortnightly; she has accommodations for fifty passengers, and two hundred tons of freight. She has seldom had less than fifty passengers upon any trip, and upon the last one from Halifax there were one hundred and sixty-three. The fare from Boston to Halifax is $10, meals included. She has also had a good supply of freight, and has cleared for her owners the last year over $2,500. Captain Killam, her commander, is highly esteemed82, for his sailorly and gentlemanly qualities. In the opinion of shrewd business men, a steamer would pay between this and New York direct. At present, Boston virtually controls the fish-market in part by her intimate relations with the Provinces, and New York buys second-hand84 from them, when they might as well have their fish from first hands.
"Government lands are to be purchased in any quantity at $1 per acre, and by an act of the Provincial Legislature, aliens are as free to purchase as native citizens or residents. Several American capitalists have availed themselves of the opening, and invested largely in the 'timber and farming lands of Nova Scotia, and an infusion85 of this element is all that is required to develop a prosperous future for this Province.'
"Saile." [Pg 326]
"Tories.—The number of loyalists who arrived in Nova Scotia was very great. They constituted a large proportion of the original settlers in almost every section of the colony. So termed because of their loyalty86 to the sovereign, and unwillingness87 to remain in the revolted and independent States, they found their way hither chiefly in the years 1783-4. Sometimes termed refugees, because of their seeking refuge on British soil from those with whom they had contended in the great Revolutionary struggle, the names are often interchanged, whilst sometimes they are joined together in the title of 'Loyalist Refugees.' No less than 20,000 arrived prior to the close of the year in which the Independence of the United States was acknowledged. These chose spots suited to their inclinations88, if not always adapted to their wants, in the counties of Digby, Annapolis, Guysboro', Shelburne, and Hants. In these five counties, for the most part, are resident the children of the loyalists, though, as hinted, they are to be met with in smaller companies elsewhere.
"We cannot doubt that the purest motives89 and highest sense of duty actuated very many, though not all, of this vast number, when they turned their backs upon the houses and farms, the pursuits and business, the friends and relations of past years. To this may, in some measure, be attributed the marked loyalty of this province. Principles of obedience90 to the laws, and allegiance to the crown, were instilled91 into the minds of their children, who in their turn handed down the sentiments of their ancestors until the good leaven92 spread, and tended to strengthen that loyalty which already existed in the hearts of the people. More than once has this trait been manifested by our countrymen in town and country. When the first blood of the rebellion in Canada was shed in 1837, meet[Pg 327]ings were held in every village and settlement in the province, each proclaiming in fervent93 language the deepest attachment94 to the sovereign and the government, while in Halifax the people determined95 to support the wives and children of the absent troops. When two years later the inhabitants of the State of Maine prepared to invade New Brunswick, the announcement was received with intense feelings of regard for the honor of the British Crown. The House, which was then sitting, voted ￡100,000, and 8,000 men to aid the New Brunswickers in repelling96 the invaders97, and rising in a body gave three cheers for the queen, and three for their loyal brethren of the sister province. Long may the feeling continue to exist, and grow within our borders! long may we remain beneath the mild away of that gracious queen, whose virtues98 shed lustre99 on the crown she wears! long may every Nova Scotian's voice exclaim, 'God save our noble Queen.'"—Nova Scotia and Nova Scotians, by Rev32. Geo. W. Hill, A.M.
"Negroes.—There are to be found in the colony some five thousand negroes, whose ancestors came to the province in four distinct bodies, and at different times. The first class were originally slaves, who accompanied their masters from the older colonies; but as the opinion prevailed that the courts would not recognize a state of slavery, they were liberated100. On receiving their freedom they either remained in the employment of their former owners, or obtaining a small piece of land in the neighborhood, eked101 out a miserable102 existence, rarely improving their condition, bodily or mental.
"There were, secondly103, a number of free negroes, who arrived at the conclusion of the American Revolutionary war; but an immense number of these were removed at their own[Pg 328] request to Sierra Leone, being dissatisfied with both the soil and climate.
"Shortly after the removal of these people, the insurgent104 negroes of Jamaica were transported to Nova Scotia; they were known by the name of Maroons105 in the island, and still termed so, on their landing at Halifax. Their story is replete106 with interest: during their brief stay in Nova Scotia they gave incredible trouble from their lawless and licentious107 habits, in addition to costing the government no less a sum than ten thousand pounds a year. Their idleness and gross conduct at last determined the government to send them, as the others, to Sierra Leone, which was accordingly done in the year 1803, after having resided at Preston for the space of four years.
"The last arrival of Africans in a body was at the conclusion of the second American War in 1815, when a large number were permitted to take refuge on board the British squadron, blockading the Chesapeake and southern harbors, and were afterwards landed at Halifax. The blacks now resident in Nova Scotia are descendants chiefly of the first and last importations—the greater part of the two intermediate having been removed. Even some of these last were transported by their own wish to Trinidad, while those who remained settled down at Preston and Hammonds Plains, or wandered to Windsor and other places close at hand.
"But little changed in any respect—their persons and their property—they have passed through much wretchedness during the last half century. Their natural indolence and love of ease being ill suited to our latitude108, in which a long and severe winter demands unceasing diligence, and more than ordinary prudence109, in those who depend upon manual labor[Pg 329] for their means of subsistence. Amongst them, however, are to be found a few who are prudent110, diligent111 and prosperous. These are worthy112 of the more esteem83, in proportion as they have met with greater obstacles, and happily have surmounted113 them."—Ibid.
Eminent Men.—Besides many gentlemen of rare talents, distinguished in the annals of the province, the following Nova Scotians have won a more extended reputation: Sir Edward Belcher, the famous Arctic navigator; Rear-Admiral Provo Wallis, who captured our own vessel59 the Chesapeake, after the death of his superior, Captain Brooke. The words of Lawrence, "Don't give up the ship," record the memorable114 achievement of this naval115 officer. Donald McKay, who after perfecting his education in New York as a ship-builder, removed to Boston, Massachusetts, and there has won for that city distinguished honors; Thomas C. Haliburton, the author of "Sam Slick," and a great number of other clever books; Samuel Cunard, the father of the Cunard line! who does not know him? General Beckwith, not less known in the annals of philanthropy; Gilbert Stuart Newton, artist; General Inglis, the defender116 of Lucknow, and General William Fenwick Williams, the hero of Kars. The mere117 mention of such names is sufficient—their eulogy118 suggests itself.
The End
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asylum
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| n.避难所，庇护所，避难 | |
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civic
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| adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的 | |
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northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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superintendent
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| n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长 | |
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actively
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| adv.积极地，勤奋地 | |
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courteous
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| adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的 | |
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judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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judiciously
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| adv.明断地，明智而审慎地 | |
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defective
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steadily
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projectors
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| 电影放映机，幻灯机( projector的名词复数 ) | |
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premises
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| n.建筑物，房屋 | |
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loft
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| n.阁楼，顶楼 | |
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immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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apparatus
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| n.装置，器械；器具，设备 | |
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impure
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| adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的 | |
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ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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hawthorn
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| 山楂 | |
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thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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shrubs
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appendage
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situated
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plantation
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sanitary
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| adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的 | |
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toil
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retirement
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decided
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provincial
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distinguished
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rev
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| v.发动机旋转，加快速度 | |
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regiment
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literally
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| adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实 | |
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pendulum
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| n.摆，钟摆 | |
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superstitious
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| adj.迷信的 | |
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reverence
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triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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remains
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bestowed
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| 赠给，授予( bestow的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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eminent
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| adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 | |
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trophies
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| n.（为竞赛获胜者颁发的）奖品( trophy的名词复数 )；奖杯；（尤指狩猎或战争中获得的）纪念品；（用于比赛或赛跑名称）奖 | |
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junction
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| n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站 | |
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granite
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| adj.花岗岩，花岗石 | |
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pretensions
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| 自称( pretension的名词复数 )； 自命不凡； 要求； 权力 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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citadel
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| n.城堡；堡垒；避难所 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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inspection
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| n.检查，审查，检阅 | |
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specimens
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| n.样品( specimen的名词复数 )；范例；（化验的）抽样；某种类型的人 | |
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masonry
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| n.砖土建筑；砖石 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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reluctance
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| n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿 | |
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56
memoranda
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| n. 备忘录, 便条 名词memorandum的复数形式 | |
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57
breach
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| n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破 | |
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sergeant
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| n.警官，中士 | |
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59
vessel
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| n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管 | |
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vessels
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| n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人 | |
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hoisted
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| 把…吊起，升起( hoist的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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exempt
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| adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者 | |
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marine
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| adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵 | |
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auspices
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| n.资助，赞助 | |
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necessitating
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的现在分词 ) | |
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isthmus
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| n.地峡 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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68
consul
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| n.领事；执政官 | |
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conversant
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| adj.亲近的，有交情的，熟悉的 | |
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transacting
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| v.办理（业务等）( transact的现在分词 )；交易，谈判 | |
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71
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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colonist
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| n.殖民者，移民 | |
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Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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abstainer
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| 节制者，戒酒者，弃权者 | |
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herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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transcript
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| n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书 | |
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77
cape
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| n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风 | |
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scouted
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| 寻找，侦察( scout的过去式和过去分词 )； 物色（优秀运动员、演员、音乐家等） | |
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chimerical
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| adj.荒诞不经的，梦幻的 | |
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propeller
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| n.螺旋桨，推进器 | |
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ply
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| v.(搬运工等)等候顾客，弯曲 | |
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esteemed
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| adj.受人尊敬的v.尊敬( esteem的过去式和过去分词 )；敬重；认为；以为 | |
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esteem
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| n.尊敬，尊重；vt.尊重，敬重；把…看作 | |
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second-hand
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| adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 | |
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85
infusion
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| n.灌输 | |
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loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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unwillingness
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| n. 不愿意，不情愿 | |
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inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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obedience
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| n.服从，顺从 | |
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instilled
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| v.逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质），逐步灌输( instill的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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leaven
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| v.使发酵；n.酵母；影响 | |
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fervent
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| adj.热的，热烈的，热情的 | |
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attachment
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| n.附属物，附件；依恋；依附 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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repelling
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| v.击退( repel的现在分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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invaders
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| 入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 ) | |
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virtues
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| 美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处 | |
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lustre
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| n.光亮，光泽；荣誉 | |
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liberated
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| a.无拘束的，放纵的 | |
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101
eked
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| v.（靠节省用量）使…的供应持久( eke的过去式和过去分词 )；节约使用；竭力维持生计；勉强度日 | |
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miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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103
secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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104
insurgent
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| adj.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子 | |
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105
maroons
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| n.逃亡黑奴（maroon的复数形式）vt.把…放逐到孤岛（maroon的第三人称单数形式） | |
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106
replete
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| adj.饱满的，塞满的；n.贮蜜蚁 | |
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107
licentious
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| adj.放纵的，淫乱的 | |
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108
latitude
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| n.纬度，行动或言论的自由(范围)，(pl.)地区 | |
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109
prudence
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| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
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110
prudent
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| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
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111
diligent
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| adj.勤勉的，勤奋的 | |
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112
worthy
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| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
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113
surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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114
memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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115
naval
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| adj.海军的，军舰的，船的 | |
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116
defender
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| n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人 | |
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117
mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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118
eulogy
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| n.颂词；颂扬 | |
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