The heavy herbage and rich soil of the West tended lamentably5 to foot-rot. The flocks seemed to be in a state of chronic6 lameness7. The malady8 either reduced wool increase and condition to a point considerably9 below zero, or necessitated10 the employment of such a number of hands in applying bluestone and butyr of antimony (the remedies of the period), that the shearing11 subsidy12 was considerably encroached on.
Then there was "Scab"—word of dread13 and hatefulness, herald14 of ruin and loss, of endless torment15 to all concerned, of medicated dippings, dressings,[Pg 88] deaths and destructions innumerable; the dreadful multiplication17 of station hands, who assisted with cheerful but perfunctory effort, patently disbelieving in "any species of cure," and looking on the whole affair—disease, dressing16, and dipping—as a manifest dispensation of Providence19 for the sustentation of the "poor man."
When all had been done that could be done by the proprietor20 in his desperate need, a single sheep straying among the straggling flocks, or reintroduced by a careless or malignant21 station hand (and the latter crime is alleged22 to have been more than once committed), was sufficient to undo23 a year's labour. Then the distracting, expensive task had to be commenced de novo.
In those days, too, when fencing was not; when the shepherds comprised, perhaps, the very worst class of labour in the colonies, it may be guessed how hard and anxious a life was that of the western Victorian sheepowner.
His neighbour, too, was but too often his natural enemy. A careless flockholder might supply a nucleus25 of contagion26 from which a whole district would suffer. This state of matters continued until the gold discoveries, when the shepherds having mostly withdrawn27 themselves, and a compulsory28 admixture of flocks taking place, scab spread throughout the length and breadth of Victoria. What its cost to the Government and to private persons was before it was finally stamped out would be difficult, very difficult, to find out—so large a sum that it would have paid all concerned ten times, a hundred times over, to have purchased all infected[Pg 89] stock at, say, ￡5 per head, only to have cut the throats of and cremated30 the lot.
"Behold31 how great a matter a little fire kindleth" is a scriptural aphorism32 strictly33 applicable to acarian development. Many a well-to-do sheepholder was burnt out of house and home by the quick-spreading ovine leprosy which germinated34 at a friend's carelessly-ordered establishment. So that it came to pass that the "Gallants of Westland" were loath35 to exchange the free roving lives of cattle-tending caballeros for the restricted, "pokey," worrying round of duties to which the sheepholders seemed doomed36. At one of our gatherings37, at which—the majority being cattle-men—a toast involving a little indirect self-laudation was duly honoured, a pioneer squatter38 from a distance remarked gravely, "How little you fellows can realise what a life we have been leading in our district the last year or two!" He had just finished "cleaning" his flocks, as had also his neighbours. He certainly looked, as the financial survivor39 of a drought expressed it once, as though he had "come through the Valley of the Shadow."
When we rubbed along thus jovially40, deeming life to be "a great and glorious thing," fat cows were well sold at ￡2 per head, and bullocks at ￡3. Certainly you could buy stores (or, as they primevally called them, "lean cattle") at from 10s. to 16s., prices which left a margin41. The Messrs. Manifold bought a large number of bullocks from the Shelleys, of Tumut, at the latter price, somewhere about the year 1845. How they fattened42 at Purrumbeet and Leura may be imagined! They fetched top prices, but were not thought to pay so[Pg 90] well as the early ripening43 station-breds, on which the 3M brand was thenceforth chiefly placed.
I became possessed44 of a herd24 of a thousand head about the same time, which I took "on terms," as the arrangement was thus called—a convenient one for beginners with more country than capital, and vice45 versa. I was to have one-third of the increase, and to be paid ten per cent upon all sales of fat cattle. They were to be "personally conducted" by me from the Devil's River—a place uncanny sounding, but not otherwise objectionable. They were the property of Messrs. Curlewis and Campbell; the first-named gentleman arranged preliminaries with me in town, and in a few days I again started from Melbourne with high hopes and three stock-riders.
Our route lay over country that has since become historical. One half of the herd was located at Strathbogie, and through those forest-clothed solitudes46 and adown the steep shoulder of the leading range had we to drive our unwilling47 cattle. It was on that occasion that I made acquaintance with my good, warm-hearted friend Charles Ryan—then a gay young bachelor living at Kilfera, on the Broken River. We met at an extremely small, not to say dismal48 hut at Strathbogie, already inhabited by Messrs. Joe Simmons, Salter, and Hall, who, together with my men and myself, were constrained49 to abide50 therein till the cattle, weak and low after their drive from the head of the Abercrombie in New South Wales, were mustered52.
"Come along over with me and let them muster51 the cattle themselves, you have only to take delivery,"[Pg 91] was his highly natural salutation (i.e. natural to Charles Ryan), and I came along accordingly.
Kilfera station was a comfortable bachelor homestead, and it struck me, as I saw it for the first time, that it had a distinctly "Galway" look about it. The hospitality was free and unstinted. I was not the only guest. As we rode up we came upon a match at quoits, the players at which wore the air of non-combatants. There was a fine upstanding son of Peter Fin29, "Modderidderoo" by name, in the stables; on the next day I was shown the very panel where Mr. Jack53 Hunter had jumped "The Badger54" over a three-railed fence, without bridle55 or saddle.
"We saw him coming up the paddock," said my host (he had gone down to catch his horse and taken no bridle with him), "at a swinging hand-gallop, and all turned out of the verandah to look. He had only a switch in his hand; when he came to the creek56 he took it at a fly, and then faced the three-railed fence at the stable. He went over here—over this very rail—and came down sitting as square as if he was riding in the park, holding his hat, too, in both hands." "How did he stop the horse?" "He jumped off on the straw heap here, and fell on his legs like a cat." I had a slight previous acquaintance with the gentleman referred to, whose whilom sobriquet57 of "Jack the Devil" was fully58 deserved, as far as feats59 of horsemanship were concerned. He rode equally well in a side-saddle, and once at least defied the minions60 of the law decorously attired61 in a lady's riding habit, with hat, gloves, and whip to match.
[Pg 92]
To complete the "wild sports of the West" flavour with which my fancy had invested Kilfera, entered to us that night, travelling with horses, one Mr. Crowe, evidently of kin18 to the "three Mr. Trenches62 of Tallybash," popularly known as "mad Crowe." Slightly eccentric to an unprejudiced observer he appeared to be. He was a tall, fair-haired, athletic63 fellow, and he had not been half an hour in the house before, after gifting all his horses with impossible qualities and improbable pedigrees, he offered to row, wrestle64, ride, drink, or fight any one of the company for a liberal wager65. He finished off the evening's entertainment by volunteering and going outside to execute an imitation of an Irish "keen" at a wake, a performance which was likely to have cost him dear, as it offended the sensibilities of several of the station hands, who were strongly minded to arise and "hammer" him (Crowe) for belittling66 their native land. "How happily the days of Thalaba went by" at Kilfera; indeed, I regarded with complacency the somewhat protracted67 muster of the Strathbogie herd. However, one fine day they were mustered and counted out to me, mixed with the Devil's River contingent68; blacks and brindles, yellows and strawberries, snaileys and poleys, old and young, they were "a mixed herd" in every sense. But cattle were cattle in those days. So I bade farewell to my kind friend and pleasant acquaintances, and took the road for Port Fairy—four hundred miles or so. But an odd hundred leagues of a journey was nothing then. How the country must have altered since those days. No Beechworth diggings—Castlemaine, Sandhurst, and[Pg 93] Ballarat all in the "forest primeval" stage, innocent of cradle and pick, windlass and bucket. Quartz69 indeed! The first time it was mentioned in my hearing was by James Irvine, who was chaffing Captain Bunbury about the quality of his run on the Grampians, and averring70 that the only chance of his cattle getting fat was in the event of their being able to live on quartz. Quartz, quotha! I hardly knew what it meant, save that it was a kind of rock. Heavens! Could I have foreseen how closely it was to be interwoven with my destiny—with all our destinies, for the matter of that!
It was the autumn season, and the way was pleasant enough, after we left the sunless glens and darksome mountain-sides of Strathbogie. We passed Seven Creeks71 homestead, then, or somewhat later, the property of Mr. William Forlonge. He, like the rest of us, did not know when he was well off, and must move northward72 evermore, towards the great Saltbush Desert, that false Eldorado, which, like the loadstone mountain in the Arabian tale, has attracted and ruined so many a life, swallowed how many a fortune! However, nil73 desperandum is his motto; and if fortune favours the brave, the plucky74 veteran of the pastoral army should come out well in the end.
By easy stages we fared on till we came to Kilmore. That flourishing city, as I suppose it calls itself now, was then chiefly noted75 for its mud, the depth and blackness of which were truly remarkable76. A few potato-growing farms and the usual complement77 of public-houses made up the town. There I lost two horses, a serious and melancholy78 occurrence[Pg 94] which was likely to interfere79 with our march. I left the cattle to come on, and resolved to ride to Melbourne to find them or get others. I knew they were likely to "make" in that direction, about the Upper Plenty.
At Kinlochewe I encountered the late Mr. Dalmahoy Campbell. He condoled80 with me. How pleasant is a sympathetic manner from an older man to a youngster! I have never forgotten those who, in my youth, were kindly81 and tolerant. He gave me the advice of an experienced overlander, and promised to write to a friend in the neighbourhood to look out for the runaways82.
At the next stage I encountered my old friend Fred Burchett, late of "The Gums," another Port Fairy man, luckily also bound that way with a herd of cows and calves—the latter given in—which he had purchased from Mr. Shelley, at Tumut. His cattle were just ahead, and he proposed that we should join forces at Keilor, and journey together the rest of the way. Nothing could be nicer. I forgot my griefs. "Lost horses," like "lost sheep," produce acute suffering while they last; but the agony abates83, as Macaulay said. I spent the evening with him, and next day went on to Melbourne.
Poor dear Fred! The kindest, the best-tempered, the most humorous of men! How many a laugh we had together! It has always been a grief to me that he died before the advent84 of Bret Harte or Mark Twain! How he would have revelled85 in their inimitable touches, their daring drolleries, their purest pathos86. A well-read man and a fair scholar,[Pg 95] his was a mind nearly related to that of Charles Lamb, of whose wondrous87 semitones of mirth and melancholy he had the fullest appreciation88. He, though living fifty miles away, was one of the "Dunmore mob," and aided generally in the symposia89 which were there enjoyed. It was a great stroke of luck our being able to join forces, and I looked forward to the rest of the journey as quite a pleasant picnic party.
I did not get my truant90 horses (they were ultimately recaptured), but I foraged91 up other remounts and rejoined my cattle, with which I made a cut across country via Deep Creek, Woodlands, and Keilor, then the property of Mr. J. B. Watson, and exhibiting no foreshadowing of a railway station. Mr. Burchett was only one stage ahead, I was told. At the Little River I overtook him. This was his observation on that eccentric watercourse. Scanning with an eye of deepest contemplation its cavernous channel and apparently92 perfect freedom from the indispensable element, he thus delivered himself: "They call this the Little River. Well they may! It's the smallest blooming river I ever came across! Why, we had hard work to get water enough in it to boil our kettle with!"
After this amalgamation93 everything went prosperously. We had plenty of driving power, and the cattle strung along the road daily with comparatively nimble feet. Something of this cheerfulness may be attributed to the fact that we had ceased to camp or watch them. Judging correctly that after so long a trail they would be indisposed to ramble94, we left them out at night, and slept the sleep[Pg 96] of the just. At daylight they were always well within view, generally lying down, and half-an-hour's work put them all together. Fred was always averse95 to early exercise, so we compromised matters by his lending me his one-eyed cob, "The Gravedigger," so called from a partial resemblance to the animal incautiously acquired by the Elder in "Sam Slick" at a Lower Canadian horse fair. "They're a simple people, those French; they don't know much about horses; their priests keeps it from 'em." This quotation96 Fred had always in his mouth, and as "The Gravedigger" was not quite what he appeared to be, a perfectly-shaped and well-mannered cob, there certainly was a resemblance. One of his peculiarities97, probably arising from defective98 vision, was an occasional paroxysm of unreasonable99 fear, accompanied by backjumping, which had occasionally unseated his master and others. One day, however, Fred rode into camp with a triumphant100 expression, having just had a stand-up fight with "The Gravedigger." "He tried all he knew, confound him!" he explained, "but he couldn't shift me an inch. I had too much mud on my boots." This novel receipt for horsemanship was comprehensible when we glanced at the amount of solid western mud disposed not only on the boots, but upon his whole person and apparel. I had no compunction, therefore, in taking it out of "The Gravedigger" in those early morning gallops101, and he was decidedly less unsocial for the rest of the day in consequence.
The only bad night we had was just before we came to the Leigh River. There we were amid "purchased land," that bane of the old-world pastoralist,[Pg 97] so had to watch all night and keep our horses in hand, which was unprecedented102.
When daylight broke my comrade said, with an air of tremendous deliberation, "The men can bring on the cattle well enough now, Rolf; suppose you and I go and breakfast at the Leigh Inn?" I caught at the idea, and we rode on the seven miles as happy as schoolboys at the idea of a real breakfast with chops and steaks, eggs and buttered toast, on a clean tablecloth103. After a night's watching, too, our appetites were something marvellous. Fred related to me how on a previous occasion he had originated this "happy thought," and, not to be deficient104 of every adjunct to luxurious105 enjoyment106, had ordered a bath, and borrowed a clean shirt from the landlord. We contented107 ourselves with the bath on this turn.
As we sat in the pleasant parlour a couple of hours later, serene108 and satisfied—I might say satiated—reading the latest Port Phillip Patriot109, we saw the long string of cattle draw down a deep gorge110 into the valley, and cross the river in front of the house. Then we ordered out the horses, paid our bill, and, with a sigh of gastronomic111 retrospect112, followed the trail across the plain.
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1
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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fattening
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| adj.（食物）要使人发胖的v.喂肥( fatten的现在分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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eminently
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| adv.突出地；显著地；不寻常地 | |
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foresight
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| n.先见之明，深谋远虑 | |
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lamentably
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| adv.哀伤地，拙劣地 | |
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chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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lameness
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| n. 跛, 瘸, 残废 | |
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malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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considerably
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| adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上 | |
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necessitated
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| 使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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shearing
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| n.剪羊毛，剪取的羊毛v.剪羊毛( shear的现在分词 )；切断；剪切 | |
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subsidy
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| n.补助金，津贴 | |
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dread
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| vt.担忧，忧虑；惧怕，不敢；n.担忧，畏惧 | |
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herald
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| vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎 | |
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torment
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| n.折磨；令人痛苦的东西(人)；vt.折磨；纠缠 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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multiplication
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| n.增加，增多，倍增；增殖，繁殖；乘法 | |
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kin
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| n.家族，亲属，血缘关系；adj.亲属关系的，同类的 | |
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providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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proprietor
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| n.所有人；业主；经营者 | |
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malignant
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| adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的 | |
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alleged
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| a.被指控的，嫌疑的 | |
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undo
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| vt.解开，松开；取消，撤销 | |
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herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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nucleus
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| n.核，核心，原子核 | |
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contagion
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| n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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compulsory
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| n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的 | |
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fin
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| n.鳍；(飞机的)安定翼 | |
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cremated
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| v.火葬，火化（尸体）( cremate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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aphorism
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| n.格言，警语 | |
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strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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germinated
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| v.（使）发芽( germinate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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loath
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| adj.不愿意的；勉强的 | |
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doomed
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| 命定的 | |
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gatherings
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| 聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集 | |
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squatter
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| n.擅自占地者 | |
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survivor
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| n.生存者，残存者，幸存者 | |
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jovially
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| adv.愉快地，高兴地 | |
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margin
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| n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘 | |
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42
fattened
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| v.喂肥( fatten的过去式和过去分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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43
ripening
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的现在分词 )；熟化；熟成 | |
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44
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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vice
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| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
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46
solitudes
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| n.独居( solitude的名词复数 )；孤独；荒僻的地方；人迹罕至的地方 | |
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47
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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48
dismal
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| adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的 | |
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49
constrained
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| adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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50
abide
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| vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受 | |
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51
muster
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| v.集合，收集，鼓起，激起；n.集合，检阅，集合人员，点名册 | |
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52
mustered
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| v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发 | |
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53
jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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54
badger
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| v.一再烦扰，一再要求，纠缠 | |
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55
bridle
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| n.笼头，束缚；vt.抑制，约束；动怒 | |
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56
creek
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| n.小溪，小河，小湾 | |
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57
sobriquet
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| n.绰号 | |
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58
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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59
feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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60
minions
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| n.奴颜婢膝的仆从( minion的名词复数 )；走狗；宠儿；受人崇拜者 | |
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61
attired
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| adj.穿着整齐的v.使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装( attire的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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62
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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athletic
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| adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的 | |
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64
wrestle
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| vi.摔跤，角力；搏斗；全力对付 | |
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65
wager
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| n.赌注；vt.押注，打赌 | |
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66
belittling
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| 使显得微小，轻视，贬低( belittle的现在分词 ) | |
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protracted
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| adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词 | |
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68
contingent
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| adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队 | |
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69
quartz
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| n.石英 | |
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averring
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| v.断言( aver的现在分词 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出 | |
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71
creeks
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| n.小湾( creek的名词复数 )；小港；小河；小溪 | |
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72
northward
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| adv.向北；n.北方的地区 | |
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73
nil
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| n.无，全无，零 | |
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plucky
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| adj.勇敢的 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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complement
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| n.补足物，船上的定员；补语；vt.补充，补足 | |
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melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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interfere
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| v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰 | |
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condoled
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| v.表示同情，吊唁( condole的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
kindly
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| adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地 | |
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82
runaways
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| （轻而易举的）胜利( runaway的名词复数 ) | |
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83
abates
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| 减少( abate的第三人称单数 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼） | |
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advent
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| n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临 | |
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revelled
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| v.作乐( revel的过去式和过去分词 )；狂欢；着迷；陶醉 | |
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86
pathos
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| n.哀婉，悲怆 | |
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87
wondrous
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| adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地 | |
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appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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89
symposia
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| 座谈会，评论集； 讨论会( symposium的名词复数 )； 专题讨论会； 研讨会； 小型讨论会 | |
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90
truant
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| n.懒惰鬼，旷课者；adj.偷懒的，旷课的，游荡的；v.偷懒，旷课 | |
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foraged
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| v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的过去式和过去分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西） | |
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92
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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93
amalgamation
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| n.合并，重组；；汞齐化 | |
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94
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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averse
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| adj.厌恶的；反对的，不乐意的 | |
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quotation
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| n.引文，引语，语录；报价，牌价，行情 | |
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peculiarities
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| n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪 | |
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98
defective
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| adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的 | |
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99
unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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100
triumphant
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| adj.胜利的，成功的；狂欢的，喜悦的 | |
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101
gallops
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| （马等）奔驰，骑马奔驰( gallop的名词复数 ) | |
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102
unprecedented
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| adj.无前例的，新奇的 | |
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103
tablecloth
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| n.桌布，台布 | |
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104
deficient
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| adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的 | |
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105
luxurious
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| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
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106
enjoyment
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| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
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107
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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108
serene
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| adj. 安详的，宁静的，平静的 | |
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109
patriot
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| n.爱国者，爱国主义者 | |
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110
gorge
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| n.咽喉，胃，暴食，山峡；v.塞饱，狼吞虎咽地吃 | |
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111
gastronomic
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| adj.美食（烹饪）法的，烹任学的 | |
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112
retrospect
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| n.回顾，追溯；v.回顾，回想，追溯 | |
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