WHEN I woke up in the morning, the ship was still, and the familiar chatter2 of island tongues, and splashing of island paddles, audible outside the ports, told that we had reached Apia.
Dressing3 is always a rush, under such circumstances. I hurried out on the deck in even quicker time than usual, and hastened to enjoy a good look at the little island that has been made famous the wide world over, by the genius of the great writer who passed his latest years in exile among those palmy hills.
Upolu, Stevenson’s island, is the second largest in the Samoan Group, being forty miles by eight. Savaii is a little wider. Tutuila is smaller. The six other islands are of little importance.
Apia and Stevenson’s home have been written about and described, by almost every tourist who ever passed through on the way to Sydney. There is little therefore to say that has not been said before. Every one knows that Apia is a fair-sized, highly civilised place, with hotels and shops and band promenades5, and that Vailima, Stevenson’s villa1, is a mile or two outside. Every one has heard of the beautiful harbour of Apia itself, with the blue overhanging hills, and the dark wooded peak rising above all, on the summit of which the famous Scotsman’s tomb gleams out like a tiny pearl—“under the wide and starry6 sky.” Since the disturbances7 of 1899, most people have been aware that England has absolutely relinquished8 any rights she had in Samoa, and that the islands are now divided between Germany and America—Upolu being among the possessions of the former.
Perhaps some people have forgotten that Samoa is a fairly recent discovery, having been first sighted by Bougainville in 1768. It is supposed that the natives originally came from Sumatra. During the last six hundred years, they were frequently at war with the Tongans and Fijians, and from the latter learned the horrible practice of cannibalism—which, however, they abandoned of their own accord a good while before the coming of the first missionaries9 in 1833.
They are a singularly beautiful race, and most amiable10 in character. They are all Christianised, and a great number can read and write. Tourists have done their best to spoil them, but outside the towns there is much of the ancient simplicity11 and patriarchal character still to be found.
About two dozen Samoan gentlemen—I call them gentlemen, because in manners and demeanour they really deserved the name, and many were actual chiefs—had come on board the steamer, and were walking about the deck when I came out. The air was like hot water, and there was not a breath of wind. All the same, the Samoan gentlemen were quite cool, for they wore nothing at all but a British bath-towel with red edges, tied round the waist in the universal kilt style of the Pacific. In the Cook Group, the garment is called a pareo, and is made of figured cotton. In Tonga, it is a vala, and is usually cashmere. In Samoa the name is changed to lava-lava, and the thing may be either a piece of plain coloured cotton, or the bath-towel above mentioned, which is considered a good deal smarter—but the costume itself is the same all through.
Most of the men had their short-cut hair plastered snow-white with lime, because it was Saturday. Almost every Samoan limes his hair on Saturdays, partly to keep up the yellow colour produced by previous applications, partly for hygienic reasons that had better be left to the imagination.
All the visitors displayed an incomparable self-possession and dignity of bearing, not at all like the “Tongan swagger,” but much more akin14 to the manner of what is known in society as “really good people.” Coupled to the almost complete absence of clothes, and the copper15 skins, it was enough to make one perfectly16 giddy at first. But afterwards, one grew used to it, and even came to compare the average white man’s manner disadvantageously with the unsurpassable self-possession and calm of the unclothed native.
Then came boats and landing and hotels, and the usual one-sided South Sea town, with little green parrakeets tweedling cheerfully among the scarlet18 flowers of the flamboyant19 trees, and looking very much as if they had escaped from somewhere. And behold20, as we were making our way to the hotel, a heavy waterspout of hot-season rain came on, whereupon the street immediately became a transformation23 scene of the most startling character.
The roadway had been full of natives in their best clothes, come down to see the passengers—some in bath-towels, like the visitors to the steamer, but many in the cleanest of shirts and cotton tunics25, and scores of pretty Samoan girls in civilised gowns of starched26 and laced muslin, trimmed hats, and gay silk ribbons. The rain began to spout21, as only tropical rain can, and immediately things commenced to happen that made me wonder if I were really awake. Under the eaves of houses, beneath umbrellas, out in the street without any shelter at all, the Samoans rapidly began undressing. Smart white shirts, frilled petticoats, lacy dresses, all came off in a twinkling, and were rolled up into tight bundles, and stowed away under their owners’ arms, to protect the precious garments from the rain. Then down the street, with bare brown legs twinkling as they ran, and bodies covered merely by the “lava-lava,” scurried27 the bronze ladies and gentlemen who had looked so smart and dressy a few brief seconds before. Some of the girls, who could not get an inch of shelter under which to undress, merely pulled their fine frocks up under their arms, and ran down the street looking like very gay but draggled tulips set on two long brown stalks. It was the oddest transformation scene that I had ever been privileged to look on at, and it sent the passengers of the ship into such screaming fits of laughter that they forgot all about keeping themselves dry, and landed in the hotel in the condition of wet seaweed tossed up by the waves. So we arrived in Samoa.
There is no use in relating at length how I drove out to see Stevenson’s much described villa at Vailima—now in the possession of a wealthy German merchant, and much altered and spoiled—and how I did not climb the two thousand feet up to his tomb above the harbour, and was sorry ever after. Rather let me tell how, tired of the civilised section of the island, I took ship one day in an ugly little oil-launch, and sailed away to see the life of a native village, down at Falepunu. There is not much real native life now to be seen in the capital; for, although the “faa Samoa” (ancient Samoan custom) is very strong all over the islands, in Apia it is at a minimum, and the influence of the white man has much increased since Stevenson’s day. Besides, how can one study native customs, dining at a table d’h?te and living in a great gilt28 and glass hotel, situated29 in the midst of a busy street?
So it was very gladly that I saw the wide blue harbour of Apia open out before me, and melt into the great Pacific, the “league long rollers” tossing our little cockle shell about remorselessly as we headed out beyond the reef, and began to slant30 along the coast, Upolu’s rich blue and green mountains unfolding in a splendid panorama31 of tropic glory, as we crept along against the wind towards Falefa, our destined32 port, nearly twenty miles away. Here and there, white threads of falling water gleamed out against the dark mountain steeps; and the nearer hills, smooth and rich and palmy, and green as a basket of moss33, parted now and then in unexpected gateways34, to show brief glimpses of the wildly tumbled lilac peaks of far-away, rugged35 inner ranges. A day of gold and glitter, of steady, smiting36 heat, of beauty that was almost^ too beautiful, as hour after hour went by, and found the glorious panorama still unrolling before eyes that were well-nigh wearied, and bodies that wanted shelter and food.
But even a little oil-launch cannot take all day to cover twenty miles; so it was still early in the afternoon when we glided37 into the harbour of Falefa, and came to a stop in the very heart of Paradise.
How to picture Falefa, to the dwellers38 in the far grey north! how to paint the jewel-green of the water, the snow white of the sand, the overhanging palms that lean all day to look at their own loveliness in the unruffled mirror below; the emerald peaks above, the hyacinth peaks beyond, the strangely fashioned out-rigged canoes, with their merry brown rowers, skimming like long-limbed water-flies about the bay; the far-away sweetness and stillness and unlikeness of it all! And the waterfall, dropping down seventy feet of black precipitous rock right into the sea’s blue bosom—and the winding39, shady fiords, where the water is glass-green with reflections of shimmering40 leaves—and the little secluded41 brown houses, domed43 and pillared after the Samoan fashion, that ramble44 about among the long avenues of palm—surely, even in all the lovely South Sea Islands, there never was a lovelier spot than this harbour of Falefa!
We three—a half-caste Samoan lady, a New Zealand girl, and myself—landed on the beach and gave over our things to a native boy, to carry up to the great guesthouse at Falepunu, a mile further on. Every Samoan village has its guest-house, for the free accommodation of passing travellers, but few have anything that can compare with the house where we were to stay—my companions for the night only, myself for a week.
A Samoan house, owing to the heat of the climate, is a roof and nothing more, the walls being omitted, save for the posts necessary to support the great dome42 of the roof. It is worth well looking at and admiring all the same. Fine ribs45 made of strong flexible branches run diagonally from eaves to crown, only an inch or two apart, and curved with exquisite46 skill to form the arching dome. Over these, at an acute angle, are laid similar ribs in a second layer, forming a strong, flexible ‘lattice. At just the right intervals47, narrow, curved beams cross behind these, and hold them firm. The centre of the house displays three splendid pillars, made from the trunks of three tall trees; these support the roof-tree, and are connected with the sides of the dome by several tiers of slender beams, beautifully graded in size and length. The guest-house of Falepunu belongs to a high chief, and is in consequence exceptionally handsome. Its roof-tree is fifty feet from the floor, and the width of the house, on the floor-level, is the same. Forty wooden pillars, each seven feet high, support this handsome dome, every inch of which is laced and latticed and tied together with the finest of plaited cocoanut fibre, stained black, red, and yellow, and woven into pattern like elaborate chip carving49.
There is not a nail used in the construction of the house. One wet afternoon I attempted to count the number of thousand yards of sinnet (plaited cocoanut fibre) that must have been used in this colossal50 work, and gave it up in despair. The number of the mats used in forming the blinds was more calculable. Each opening between the pillars was surmounted51 by seven plaited cocoanut-leaf mats, fastened up under the eaves into a neat little packet. These could be dropped like a Venetian blind, whenever rain or wind proved troublesome. The total number of mats was two hundred and seventy-three.
The floor of a Samoan house consists of a circular terrace, raised some two feet above the level of the ground. It is surrounded by a shallow ditch, and it is made of large and small stones, closely fitted together, and covered with a final layer of small white coral pebbles52 from the beach. This forms the carpet of the house, and is known as “Samoan feathers,” from the fact that it also forms everybody’s bed at night, covered with a mat or two.
The chief, Pula-Ulu, and his wife, Iva, who were in charge of the guest-house, in the absence of its owner, received us joyfully54, and proceeded to make a feast for us at once. Fowls56 were killed, baked bread-fruit and taro57 brought from the ovens outside (which were simply pits dug in the ground, and filled with hot stones), and oranges and pineapples plucked from the nearest grove58. We sat crosslegged on the mats, and ate till we could eat no more; then, “faa Samoa,” we lay down where we were to rest and doze12 away the hot hours, of the afternoon.
In the evening, Iva lit a big ship’s hurricane lamp, and set it on the floor; and half Falepunu came in to call. In rows and rows they sat on the floor-mats, their brown, handsome faces lit up with interest and excitement, fanning themselves ceaselessly as they sat, and asking endless questions of the half-caste lady, who interpreted for the others. I, as coming from London, was the heroine of the hour, for the Samoans are all greatly interested in “Beritania” (Britain) and, in spite of the German annexation59, still prefer the English to any other nation.
The inevitable60 question: “Where was my husband?” followed by: “Why had I not got one?”—in a tone of reproachful astonishment—was put by almost every new-comer. The half-caste visitor explained volubly; but the villagers still looked a little puzzled. The Samoans have in almost every village a “taupo” or “Maid of the Village,” whose office it is to receive guests, and take a prominent part in all public ceremonies and festivals. But she only holds office for a very few years, until she marries, and she is always surrounded, when travelling, by a train of elderly attendants. An unmarried woman who had money of her own, who wandered about alone, who held office in no village, here or at home, this was decidedly a puzzle to the Falepunu folk, whose own women all marry at about fourteen. They had seen white women; travelling with their husbands, but never one who had ventured from Beritania all alone!
There was evidently some difficulty, at first, in “placing” me according to Samoan etiquette61, which is both complex and peculiar62. A white women with her husband presents no difficulty, since the “faa Samoa” always gives the superior honour to the man, and therefore the woman must only receive second-class ceremony. In my case, the question was solved later on, by classing me as a male chief! I was addressed as “Tamaite” (lady), but officially considered as a man; therefore I was always offered kava (the national drink of Samoa, never given to their own women, and not usually to white women), and the young chiefs of the district came almost every evening to call upon me in due form, sitting in formal rows, and conversing63, through an interpreter, in a well-bred, gracious manner, that was oddly reminiscent of a London drawing-room. The women did not visit me officially, although I had many a pleasant bathing and fishing excursion in their company.
On the first evening the callers stayed a long time—so long, that we all grew very weary, and yearned64 for sleep. But they kept on coming, one after another; and by-and-by half-a-dozen young men appeared, dressed in kilts of coloured bark-strips; adorned65 with necklaces of scarlet berries and red hibiscus flowers, and liberally cocoanut-oiled. In the centre of the group was the most extraordinary figure I had ever seen—a white man, his skin burned to an unwholesome pink by exposure, his hair pure gold, extremely fine and silky, and so thick as to make a huge halo round his face when shaken out. His eyes were weak, and half shut, and I was not surprised to hear that he was not really of white descent, being simply a Samoan albino, born of brown parents. This man, being the son of a chief, took the principal figure in the dance that was now got up for our amusement. The seven men danced on the floor-mats, close together, the albino in the centre, all performing figures of extraordinary agility68, and not a little grace. The music was furnished by the other spectators, who rolled up a mat or two, and beat time on these improvised69 drums, others clapping their hands, and chanting a loud, sonorous70, measured song.
At the end of the dance the performers, streaming with perspiration71 (for the night was very hot) and all out of breath, paused for our applause. We gave it liberally, and added a tin or two of salmon72, which was joyfully received, and eaten at once. All Samoans love tinned salmon, which, by an odd perversion73, they call “peasoupo.” No doubt the first tinned goods seen in the islands were simply tinned peasoup. This would account for the extraordinary confusion of names mentioned above.
By this time we were so utterly74 weary that we lay down on the mats where we were, and almost slept. Iva, seeing this, chased most of the callers out with small ceremony, and got up the calico mosquito curtain that was to shelter the slumbers75 of all three travellers. It enclosed a space of some eight feet by six. Within, plaited pandanus-leaf mats were laid, two thick, upon the white pebble53 floor, and Samoan pillows offered us.
A Samoan pillow is just like a large fire-dog, being simply a length of bamboo supported on two small pairs of legs. If you are a Samoan, you lay your cheek on this neck-breaking arrangement, and sleep without moving till the daylight. We preferred our cloaks rolled up under our heads.
The invaluable76 little mosquito tent served as dressing-room to all of us, and very glad we were of it, for there were still a good many visitors, dotted about the floor of the great guest-house, smoking and chattering77; and none of them had any idea that a white woman could object to performing her evening toilet in public, any more than a-Samoan girl, who simply takes her “pillow” down from the rafters, spreads her mat, and lies down just, as she is.
No-bed-clothes were needed, for the heat was severe. We fidgeted about on our stony78 couch, elbowed each other a good deal, slept occasionally, and woke again to hear the eternal chatter still going on outside our tent, and see the light still glowing through the calico. It was exactly, like going to bed in the-middle of a bazaar79, after making a couch out of one of the stalls.
At last, however, the light went out; Iva, Pula-Ulu, and their saucy80 little handmaiden and relative, Kafi, got under their mosquito curtains, quite, a little walk away, at the other side of the dome, all the guests departed, and there was peace.
Next, morning my friends went away and I was left to study the fife of a Samoan village alone, with only such aid as old Iva’s very few English words could give me, since I did not know above half-a-dozen; sentences of the Samoan tongue. There were no great feasts, no ceremonies or festivals while I was in Falepunu, only the ordinary, everyday fife of the village, which has changed extremely little since the coming of the white men, although that event is three generations old.
Perhaps the greatest change is in the native treatment of guests. Hospitable82, polite and pleasant the Samoans have always been and still are; but in these days, when a white visitor stays in a native house, he is expected to give presents when parting, that fully17 cover the value of his stay. This is contrary to the original Samoan laws of hospitality, which still hold good in the case of natives. No Samoan ever thinks of paying for accommodation in another’s house, no matter how long his stay may be; nor is there the least hesitation83 in taking or giving whatever food a traveller may want on his way. But the white visitors who have stayed in Samoa have been so liberal with their gifts, that the native now expects presents as a right. He would still scorn to take money for his hospitality, but money’s worth is quite another matter.
Otherwise, the “faa Samoa” holds with astonishing completeness. Natives who have boxes full of trade prints, bought from the lonely little European store that every island owns, will dress themselves on ceremonial occasions in finely plaited mats, or silky brown tappa cloth. Houses on the verge84 of Apia, the European capital, are built precisely85 as houses were in the days of Captain Cook; though perhaps an incongruous bicycle or sewing-machine, standing86 up against the central pillars, may strike a jarring note. Men and women who have been to school, and can tell you the geographical87 boundaries of Montenegro, and why Charles I.‘s head was cut off—who know all about the Russo-Japanese war, wear full European dress when you ask them to your house, and sing “In the Gloaming” or “Sail away” to your piano—will take part in a native “si va” or dancing festival, dressed in a necklace, a kilt, and unlimited88 cocoanut-oil, and may be heard of, when the chiefs are out fighting, roaming round the mountains potting their enemies with illegally acquired Winchesters, and cutting off the victims’ heads afterwards. The “faa Samoa” holds the Samoan, old and young, educated or primitive89, through life and to death.
Uneventful, yet very happy, was the little week that time allowed me among the pleasant folk of Falepunu. When the low, yellow rays of the rising sun hot under the wide eaves of the great guest-house, and striped the white coral floor with gold, and the little green parrakeets began to twitter in the trees outside, and the long sleepy murmur90 of the surf on the reef, blown landward by the sunrise wind, swelled91 to a deep-throated choral song—then, I used to slip into my clothes, come out from my mosquito tent, and see the beauty of the new young day. Dawn on a South Sea Island! The rainbow fancies of childhood painted out in real—the
Dreams of youth come back again,
Dropping on the ripened93 grain
As once upon the flower.
Iva, Pula-Ulu, and Kafi would be awake also, and moving about. No minute of daylight is ever wasted in these tropical islands; where all the year round the dawn lingers till after five, and the dark comes down long before seven. None of my house-mates had much toilet to make. They simply got up from their mats, hung up the pillows, put the mosquito nets away, and walked forth94; clad in the cotton lava-lavas of yesterday, which they had not taken off when they lay down. Taking soap and bundles of cocoanut fibre off the ever useful rafters they went to bathe in the nearest river. Before long they came back, fresh and clean, and wearing a new lava-lava, yesterday’s hanging limp and wet from their hands—the Samoan generally washes his garments at the same time as himself. Then Iva boiled water for my tea, and produced cold baked bread-fruit and stewed95 fish, and I breakfasted, taking care to leave a good share of tea, butter, and any tinned food I might open, for the family to enjoy afterwards. It is a positive crime in Samoa to eat up any delicacy96 all by yourself—an offence indeed, which produces about the same impression on the Samoan mind as cheating at cards does upon the well-bred European. The natives themselves usually eat twice a day, about noon, and some time in the evening; but a Samoan is always ready to eat at any hour, provided there is something nice to be got. Good old Iva enjoyed my tea and tinned milk extremely, and so did her pet cronies. They used to call in now and then, in the hope of getting some—a hope liberally fulfilled by Iva, who distributed my goods among them with charming courtesy, and a total innocence97 of any possible objection on my part, which disarmed98 all criticism. I might have taken anything she had, from her Sunday lava-lava to her fattest fowl55, and kept it or given it away; equally without remonstrance99. Such is the “faa Samoa.” That any one continues to retain anything worth having; under such circumstances, speaks well for the natural unselfishness of the people. They may be a little greedy with the whites—much as we ourselves should no doubt be greedy if half-a-dozen millionaires were to quarter themselves in our modest mansions100, or come to stay in our quiet suburbs—but among themselves they are wonderfully self-’ restrained, and at the same time faultlessly generous.
After my breakfast, following the agreeable Samoan custom, I lay down on a mat and dozed101 a little, to feel the wind blowing over my face from the sea, as I wandered half in and half out of the lands of dreams, and saw with semi-closed eyes the sun of the hot morning hours turn the green of the bush into a girdle of burning emerald-gold, clasped round the pleasant gloom of the dark over-circling roof. Pula-Ulu was out on “ploys” of his own; Kafi had gone to fish, or to flirt102; Iva, pulling a fly-cover over her body, slept like a sheeted corpse103 on her own mat, off the other side of the central pillars.
After an hour or two—there was never any time in Falepunu—I would rise, and call for Kafi, and we would walk slowly through the smiting sun, to a fairylike spot in the lovely bay of Falefa—a terrace of grey rock clothed with ferns, and shaded by thick-growing palms and chestnut104 and mango trees. The great white waterfall, cool as nothing else is cool in this burning land, thundered within fifty yards of us, turning the salt waters of the bay to brackish105 freshness, and spraying the hot air with its own delicious cold. Here we swam and dived for hours at a time, getting an old canoe sometimes, and paddling it up under the very spray of the fall—upsetting it perhaps, and tumbling out While Kafi yelled as if she could not swim a stroke, and anticipated immediate22 death (being, of course, absolutely amphibious). A pretty little minx was Kafi, small and black-eyed and piquante, always with a scarlet hibiscus bloom, or a yellow and white frangipani flower, stuck behind her ear; always tossing her head, and swaying her beautiful olive arms, and patting her small arched foot on the ground, when she stood waiting for me under the palms, as if she could not keep her elastic106 little frame, from dancing of itself. Pretty, saucy, mischievous107 little Kafi, she gave me many a bad moment wickedly calling out, “S’ark!” when we were swimming far from land, in places where it was just conceivable that a shark might be; but I forgive her everything, for the sake of that unique and charming small personality of hers. Not even Fangati, the languorous108 sweet-eyed Taupo of Apia, can compete with her in my memories of fascinating island girls and pleasant companions.
One morning—it must have been somewhere near the middle of the day—Iva and Kafi and I were walking back from Falefa, tired out and very hungry (at least, I will answer for myself), when we were hailed from the house of a chief, and asked to come in. We did so, all saying, as we bowed our heads to step under the low eaves: “Talofa!” (my love to you), and being answered with a loud chorus: “Talofa, tamaite! (lady); Talofa, I va; Talofa, Kafi.” I took my seat cross-legged on the mats, and looked about me. All round the house in a Circle were seated a number of men, about a dozen, each with a bundle of cleaned and carded cocoanut husk fibre, called sinnet, beside him, and a slender plait of sinnet in his hand, to which every minute added on an inch or so of length. It was evidently a “bee” for making sinnet plait, and it solved a problem that had perplexed109 me a good deal—namely, how all the thousands of sinnet used instead of nails in building Samoan houses, were ever obtained. Afterwards I learned that Samoan men occupy much of their unlimited leisure time in plaiting sinnet. The bundle of husk and the-neat-little coil of plait are to a Samoan man what her needle and stockings are to a Scotch110 housewife; he works away mechanically with them in many an odd moment, all going to swell92 the big roll that is gradually widening and fattening111 up among the rafters; Some of the sinnet thus made is as fine as fine twine112, yet enormously strong....
My hosts, it seemed, were just going to knock, off work for the present, and have some kava, and I was not sorry to join them, for kava is a wonderfully refreshing113 drink, among these tropical islands, and wholesome67 besides. It was made Tongan fashion, by pounding the dry woody’ root with stones, pouring water over the crushed fragments, and straining the latter out with a wisp of hibiscus fibre. A handsome wooden bowl was used, circular in form, and supported on; a number of legs—the whole being carved out of one solid block of wood. The ancient Samoan way of preparation was to chew the kava root, and deposit the chewed, lamps in, the bowl, afterwards pouring on the water; but this practice has died out, in many parts of Samoa, though in some of the islands it is still kept up.
My kava On this occasion was not chewed, and I was thankful, as it is unmannerly to refuse it under any circumstances.
The kava made, the highest chief present called the names, according, to etiquette, as in Tonga, in a loud resounding114 voice. I answered to my own (which came first, as a foreign, chief) by clapping my hands, in the correct fashion, and drained the cocoanut bowl that was handed me. Kava, as I had already learned, quenches116 thirst; removes fatigue117, clears the brain, and is exceedingly cooling. If drunk in excess it produces a temporary paralysis118 of the legs, without affecting the head; but very few natives and hardly any whites do drink more than is good for them.
After the kava, two young men came running in from the bush, carrying between them an immense black wooden bowl, spoon-shaped, three-legged, and filled with something exactly like bread-and-milk, which they had been concocting119 at the cooking-pits. It was raining now, and the thrifty120 youths had taken off their clothes, for fear of spoiling them, yet they were dressed with perfect decency121, and much picturesqueness122. Their attire123 consisted of thick fringed kilts, made of pieces of green banana leaves (a banana leaf is often nine or ten feet long, and two or three wide), and something like a feather boa, hung round the neck, of the same material. Clad in these rain-proof garments, they ran laughing through the downpour, their bowl covered with another leaf, and deposited it on the floor, safe and hot.
A section of banana-leaf was now placed on the mat beside each person, also a skewer124, made from the midrib of the cocoanut leaf. Then the servers dipped both hands generously into the food, and filled each leaf with the bread-and-milk, or “tafolo,” which turned out to be lumps of bread-fruit stewed in thick white cream expressed from the meat of the cocoanut. Better eating no epicure125 could desire; and the food is exceedingly nourishing. We ate with the cocoanut skewers126, on which each creamy lump was speared; and when all was done we folded the leaf-plates into a cone127, and drank the remaining cream. Afterwards, Iva and Kafi and I took our leave, and I hurried back to Falepunu, feeling that my hunger and fatigue had been magically removed, and that I was ready for anything more in the way of exercise that the day might produce.
I had no watch or clock with me, and this was certainly an advantage, since it compelled me to measure time in the pleasant island fashion, which simply marks out the day vaguely128 by hot hours and cool hours, and the recurring129 calls of hunger. No one who has not tried it can conceive the limitless freedom and leisure that comes of this custom. Time is simply wiped out. One discovers-all of a sudden, that one has been groaning130 under an unbearable131 and unnecessary tyranny all one’s life—whence all the hurry-scurry of civilisation132? why do people rush to catch trains and omnibuses, and hasten to make and keep appointments, and have meals at rigidly133 fixed134 times, whether they are hungry or not? These are the things that make life short. It is inimitably long, and curiously135 sweet and simple, in the island world. At first one finds it hard to realise that no one is ever waiting for dinner, or wanting to go to bed—that eating and sleeping are the-impulse of a moment, and not a set task—but once realised, the sense of emancipation136 is exquisite and complete.
The Samoan does what he wants, when he wishes, and if he does not wish a thing, does not do it at all. According, to the theology of our youthful days, he ought in consequence to become a fiend in human shape; but he does nothing of the kind. He is the most amiable creature on earth’s round ball. Angry voices, loud tones even, are never heard in a Samoan house. Husbands never come home drunk in the evening and ill-use their wives; wives never nag137 at their husbands; no one screams at children, or snaps at house-mates and neighbours. Houses are never dirty; clothes are always kept clean; nothing is untidy, nothing superfluous138 or ugly. There is therefore no striking ground for ill-temper or peevishness139; and amiability140 and courtesy reign115 supreme141. The Samoan has his faults—sensuality, indolence, a certain bluntness of perception as to the white man’s laws of property—but they are slight indeed compared with the faults of the ordinary European. And, concerning the tendency to exploit the latter person, which has been already mentioned, it must not be forgotten that if a white man is known to be destitute142 and in want, the very people who would have eagerly sought for presents from him while he was thought to be rich, will take him in, feed and-lodge him; without a thought of payment, and will never turn him out if he does not choose to go.
Sometimes, in the long, lazy, golden afternoons, a woman or two would drop in, and bring with her some little dainty as a present for the stranger. “Palusani” was the favourite, made, as in Niué, of taro-tops and cocoanut; the cook grating down the meat of the nuts, and straining water through the oily mass thus produced. The cream is very cleverly wrapped up inside the leaves, and these are again enveloped143 in larger and tougher leaves. While baking, the cream thickens and condenses, and permeates144 the taro-tops completely. The resulting dish is a spinachlike mixture of dark green and white, odd to look at, but very rich and dainty to eat.
Another present was a sort of sweetmeat, also made from cocoanut cream, which was baked into small brown balls like chocolates, each containing a lump of thickened cream inside. These were generally brought tied up in tiny square packets of green banana leaf. Small dumpy round puddings, made of native arrowroot, bananas, cocoanut, and sugar-cane juice, used also to be brought, tied up in the inevitable banana-leaf; and baked wild pigeon, tender and juicy, was another offering not at all unacceptable. As a typical millionaire, possessed145 of several dresses, change for some sovereigns, and countless146 tins of salmon, I was expected to give an occasional quid pro4 quo, which usually took the form of tinned fish or meat, and was much appreciated.
I do not know how late it was, one night—the moon had been up for many hours, but no one seemed to want to go to bed—when I heard a sound of splashing and laughing from the brightly silvered lagoon147 beyond the belt of palms. I went out, and saw thirty or forty of the native women wading148 about in the shallow water inside the reef, catching149 fish. It looked interesting, so I shed an outer skirt or two, kilted up what remained, and ran down the white shelving beach, all pencilled with the feathery shadows of tossing palms, into the glassy knee-deep water. How warm it was! as hot as a tepid150 bath at home—how the gorgeous moonlight flashed back from the still lagoon, as from a huge silver shield! The whole place was as light as day; not as a Samoan day, which is too like the glare from an open furnace to be pleasant at all times, but at least, as light as a grey English afternoon.
The girls, wearing only a small lava-lava, were wading in the water, some carrying a big, wide net made out of fine fibres beaten from the bark of a Samoan tree; others trailing two long fringes of plaited palm leaves, about a yard deep, and twenty or thirty yards long. These were drawn152 through the water about twenty yards apart, the girls walking along for a few minutes in two parallel rows, and then quickly bringing the ends of the palm fringes together in an open V shape. The net was placed across the narrow end of the V, and from the wide end two or three splashed noisily down the enclosed space, driving before them into the net all the little silvery fish who had been gathered together by the sudden closing in of the palm-leaf fringes. Then there was laughing and crying out,-and the moon shone down on a cluster of beautiful gold-bronze figures, graceful153 as statues, stretching out their small pretty hands and wild curly heads, diamond-gemmed with scattered154 drops of water, over the gathered-in net, now sparkling and quivering with imprisoned155 life. The captured fish were dropped into a plaited palm-leaf basket; and then the two lines of girls separated once more, and marched on through the warm silvery water, singing as they went.
I think, though I do not know, that this simple sport (which was, after all, a necessary task as well) went on nearly all the night. The Samoan is not easily bored, and no one minds losing a night’s rest, when there is all the hot day to doze on the mats. I gave up an hour or so, and returned to the guest-house, loaded with presents of fish. It was quite absurd, but I wanted to go to bed, silly inferior white person that I was! so I crept under my calico tent, and “turned in,” feeling amid the stir and chatter, the singing and wandering to and fro, of those moonlit small hours, exceedingly like a child that has to follow nurse and go to sleep, while all the grown-ups are still enjoying themselves downstairs.
The night before I left for Apia once more, I bought my farewell presents at the solitary156 little store that was marooned157 away down on the beach at Falefa, and bore on its house front the mysterious legend—“MISIMOA”—all in one word—translatable as “Mr. Moore!” Advised by the trader’s native wife, I got several lava-lavas for the old chief and his wife, also a “Sunday frock” piece of white muslin, and some lace, for Iva herself. Poor old Iva! she could not afford herself many clothes, being only a caretaker in the great house; and I had felt sorry for her when I saw her missionary-meeting frock—only an old blue print. All the Samoan women love to turn out in trade finery on Sundays, and a white muslin, with lace, made exactly like a British nightdress, is the height of elegance158 and good form. I gave Pula-Ulu, furthermore, a yellow shirt spotted159 with red horses; and as a final gift for Iva, I selected a large white English bath-towel, with crimson160 stripes and edge. This last I knew would certainly be Iva’s best week-day visiting costume for some time to come.
All these splendours I tied up in a brown paper parcel, and left on my portmanteau. Samoan etiquette is very strict about the giving and receiving of presents, and prescribes absolute ignorance, on the part of the recipient161, of any such intention being about; but Iva could not resist pinching the parcel, and whispering—“Misi! what ‘sat?”
“Ki-ki, Iva,” (food), I answered.
“You lie!” said Iva delightedly, poking162 me in the ribs. She had no idea that she was not expressing herself with the most perfect elegance and courtesy; the Samoan tongue has no really rude words, and Samoans often do not realise the quality of our verbal unpolitenesses.
Next morning, however, when my “solofanua” (animal that runs along the ground—>horse) was standing out under the bread-fruit trees, and all my goods had been tied about the saddle, till the venerable animal looked like nothing on earth but the White Knight163’s own horse—Iva and Pula-Ulu, bidding me good-bye with the utmost dignity, did not even glance at the parcels which I threw across the house, at their heads, narrowly escaping hitting their old grey hair. This was etiquette. In Samoa, a formal gift must be thrown high in the air at the recipient, so as to fall at his feet; and he must not pick it up at once, but simply say “Fafekai” (thank you) with a cold and unmoved accent, waiting until the giver is gone to examine the present. The inner meaning of the custom is the supposed worthlessness of the gift, when compared with the recipient’s merits—it is mere13 rubbish, to be cast away—and the demeanour of the recipient himself is intended to suggest that in any case he is not eager for gifts.
A long, hot ride of twenty miles back to Apia and civilisation filled up the day. The pendulum164 of Time, held back for a whole dreamy, lazy week, had begun to swing once more; and all day I worried about the hour I should get in. I was late for table d’hote; I was met by a “little bill”; and the mail had come in since I left. Thus Apia welcomed me; and thus I “took up the white man’s burden” once again.
“Talofa!” says a gentle yet insistent165 voice.
It is only half-past six, and I am exceedingly sleepy, so I bury my face in the pillow, and try not to hear.
“Talofa!” (How do you do?), repeats the voice, a little louder, and my basket armchair creaks to the sudden drop of a substantial weight. I open my eyes, and see, through the dim mist of the mosquito-curtains, the taupo, Fangati, sitting beside my bed.
Fangati is my “flennie,” and that means a good deal more in Samoa than the cold English word “friend,” from which if is derived166. She attached herself to me upon my arrival in Apia, some weeks ago, and has ever since continued to indicate, in the gentle Samoan way, that she prefers my company to that of any other white woman on the island. There is nothing contrary to Samoan etiquette in her calling upon me at 6.30 a.m., for Samoa knows not times or seasons, save such as are pleasing to itself for the moment. If I were suffering from sleeplessness167 and went to call on Fangati at midnight, she would certainly awake, get up off her mat, take a fan in her hands, sit down cross-legged on the floor, ready to talk or yarn168 for the rest of the night—without the smallest surprise or discomposure. So, aspiring169 after the ideal of Samoan politeness, I feel bound to shake myself awake, and talk.
Fangati is very much “got up” this morning. She is a chief’s daughter, of high rank, and her wardrobe is an extensive one. To-day she has a short tunic24 of tappa (native cloth, beaten out of the bark of a paper mulberry tree), satiny brown in colour, and immensely pinked and fringed. This is worn over a lava-lava, or kilt, of purple trade print, reaching a little below her knees. Her beautiful pale brown arms (all Samoan women have exquisitely170 shaped arms) and small arched brown feet are bare. In her thick, wavy171 hair she has placed one large scarlet hibiscus flower, and there are three or four long necklaces round her neck, made of the crimson rind of a big scented172 berry, cut into curly strips. One of these, as a matter of common courtesy, she flings over my nightdress as we talk, and smiles sweetly at the brilliant effect achieved.
“Ni—ice!” says Fangati. She can speak quite a good deal of English, but she smooths and trims it prettily173 to suit her own taste, and the harsh language of the black North loses all its roughness on her lips.
She has come to tell me that there will be dancing at the village of Mulinuu this afternoon, as it is the German Emperor’s birthday, and a great many kegs of salt beef and boxes of biscuit have been given to the villages by the Government, to celebrate the day. (Not such a bad method of encouraging loyalty174 in a newly acquired colony, either.) There are to be some taupo dances, and Fangati will take a leading part. Therefore I must be certain to come and see my “flennie” perform. This matter settled, Fangati gets up and drifts to the washstand, tastes my cold cream and makes a face over it, points to a jug175 of cold tea and says “You give?” shares the luxury with her ancient chaperon, who is sitting on the doormat, and then melts away down the verandah, dreamily smoking a native-made cigarette.
It is now time to explain what a taupo is, and why the dances to-day will be especially attractive. .
Most Samoan villages possess a taupo, or mistress of the ceremonies, who has many duties, and many privileges as well. She is always young, pretty, and well-born, being usually the daughter of a high chief. She remains176 unmarried during her term of office, which may last for many years, or for only a few months. The propriety177 of her conduct is guaranteed by the constant presence of certain old women, who always accompany her on visits or journeys. Sometimes her train is increased by the addition of a dwarf178 or a cripple, who seems to act a part somewhat similar to that of a mediaeval court fool. Her duties oblige her to receive and entertain all guests or travellers who pass through her village; to make kava (the universal drink of the Pacific islands) for them, welcome them to the guest-house, which is a part of every Samoan settlement, and dance for their amusement. She is treated with royal honours by the villagers, always handsomely clothed, and luxuriously179 fed on pig and chicken, and never required to do any hard work, while the other girls have to be content with taro-root and bread-fruit, and are obliged to work in the fields, carry water, and fish on the reef in the burning tropic sun. When there is a festival, she takes the principal part in the dances; and when the tribes are at war (as occasionally happens even to-day) the taupo, dressed as a warrior180, marches out with the ceremonial parade of the troops, and acts as a vivandière during the fight, carrying water to the soldiers, and bringing ammunition181 when required. This duty is not one of the safest, for, although no Samoan warrior knowingly fires on any woman, much less on a taupo, stray bullets take no account of persons, and many a beautiful young “Maid of the Village,” in times past, has justified182 her warrior dress by meeting with a soldier’s death.
Well-mannered as all Samoan women are, the taupo is especially noted183 for the elegance of her demeanour. My “flennie’s” bearing reminds me oddly at times of the manner of a London great lady, accustomed to constant receiving, and become in consequence almost mechanically “gracious.” She never moves abruptly184; her speech is calm and self-possessed, and her accent soft and tra?nant. There are, however, taupos and taupos. Vao, who lives just across the way, is by way of being an “advanced woman.” She plays native cricket in a man’s singlet and a kilt, dances a knife dance that tries the nerves of every one that looks on, wears her hair short and is exceedingly independent, and a little scornful. Vao does not want to marry she says; but I have an idea, all the same, that if just the right sort of young chief came along, with just the irresistible185 number of baskets of food (these take the place of bouquets186 and chocolate boxes among Samoan wooers), Vao would renounce187 her dignity of taupo just as readily as other Maids of the Village have done when Mr. Right appeared. On her wedding day she would dance her last dance for the villagers, according to immemorial custom, and thenceforward live the quiet home-life of the Samoan wife and mother, all the footlights out, all the admiring audience gone, and only the little coral-carpeted, brown-roofed cottage with its small home duties and quiet home affections left.
Then there is the taupo Fuamoa—but of her more anon, as the Victorian novelist used to say.
Early in the afternoon, when the sun was at its very hottest—and what that heat can be, at 130 south, in the height of the hot season, let Pacific travellers say—I made my way down to Mulinuu under a big umbrella, and took my place on the mats laid to accommodate the spectators. The dancing was in full swing. A long row of young men, dressed in short kilts of many-coloured bark strips—red, pink, green, yellow, purple—and decked out with anklets of green creepers and necklaces of big scarlet berries, which looked just like enormous coral beads188, were twirling and pirouetting, retreating, advancing, and waving their arms, in wonderfully perfect time. The Samoan, man or woman, is born with a metronome concealed189 somewhere in his or her works, to all appearance. Certainly the exquisite sense of time and movement displayed in children’s games, grown-up dances, and all the songs of the people, seems almost supernatural, as the result of unaided impulse.
The arms and hands play a remarkable190 part in the dance. Every finger is made a means of expression, and the simultaneous fluttering and waving of the arms of an entire corps-de-ballet can be compared to nothing but the petals191 of a bed of flowers, sent hither and thither192 by a capricious wind.
There is no instrumental music, for the Samoans—strange to say, for a music-loving people—have no instruments at all, unless one may count the occasional British mouth-organ. But the sonorous, full-voiced chanting of the chorus that sits cross-legged on the grass at a little distance, leaves nothing to be desired in the way of orchestra. A favourite tune193, which one is sure to hear at every Samoan dance-meeting or “siva” is the following, commenced with a loud “Ai, ai!”
It is first sung very slowly, and gradually increased in speed until the dancers give up in despair.’ ‘The faster they have danced before giving in, the louder is the applause.
By-and-by the men conclude their dance, and retire, loudly clapped, and followed by cries of “Malo! malo!” (well done). A short interval48 follows. The many-coloured crowd seated on the grass fans itself, smokes cigarettes, and chatters194; the dry palm-fronds rustle195 in the burning sky overhead, harshly mimicking196 the cool whisper of forest leaves in gentler climes. Suddenly six handsome young men, splendidly decorated, their brown skins satiny with’ rubbing of perfumed cocoanut-oil, rush into the middle of the green, and in the midst comes a seventh, smaller, slighter, and handsomer than the rest. What a beautiful youth! almost too young, one would have thought, for the smart black moustache that curves above his upper lip—wonderfully active, supple197, and alive in every movement—a skin like brown Lyons silk, limbs—— Why, it is a girl! the taupo Fuamoa, dressed (or rather undressed) as a Samoan warrior, and full to the brim of mischief198, sparkle, and fun. She wears a fringe of coloured bark-strips round her waist, and a very big kilt of scarlet and white striped cotton underneath199. The rest of her attire consists of a necklace of whale’s teeth inestimably valuable, a string of red berries, and a tall helmet, or busby, apparently200 made of brilliant yellow fur. Her exquisitely moulded figure is as Nature made it, save for a rubbing of cocoanut-oil, that only serves to bring out the full beauty of every curving line. Strange to say, the black-painted moustache is wonderfully becoming, so too is the imposing201 helmet; and does not Fuamoa know it? and is not she saucy, and dainty, and kitten-like, as she frisks and plays in the centre of the dance, making the prettiest of eyes at the audience, and flashing her white teeth delightedly under the wicked little black moustache? She is a celebrated202 dancer, being only surpassed on the island by one other taupo—Vao, who is not appearing to-day. You would never think, as her little brown feet twinkle over the grass, and her statuesque brown arms wave above her head, while the merry smile ceaselessly comes and goes, that Fuamoa is suffering positive agonies all the time, from the splendid war-helmet that adorns203 her head; yet that is the truth. One must indeed suffer to be beautiful, as a Samoan taupo. Before the helmet is put on, the girl’s long thick hair is drawn up to the top of her head, and twisted as tightly as strong arms can twist it, so that her very eyebrows204 are pulled out of place, and every hair is a separate torture. Then the great helmet is fastened on as firmly as a rock, with countless tight cords, and the dancer is ready for her part, with a scalp on fire and a torturing headache, which will certainly last until she can take the cruel decoration off.
There are several taupo dances this afternoon, but only two of the girls have the courage to wear the helmet. Fangati, my little “flennie,” frankly205 confesses that she cannot stand it. “He made me cly-y-y! too much!” she says, and shows me the pretty wreath of crimson berry peelings and green leaves that is to adorn66 her own curly head.
These helmets, it may be noted, are not made of fur, as one might suppose at a first glance. The material is human hair, cut from the head of a Samoan girl, and dyed bright yellow with lime. In time of war, it is a common thing for a girl to offer up her beautiful tresses to make a helmet for father, husband, or lover; and the wearer of such a gift is as proud as a knight of Arthur’s Round Table may have been, bearing on his crest206 his lady’s little pearl-broidered glove.
It is Fangati’s turn to dance now, and out she trips, wearing a valuable mat of the finest plait, her pretty wreath, countless scarlet necklaces, and a modest girdle of coloured silk. Fangati has the prettiest foot and hand in Apia, and she is a dainty little dancer—not so marvellously agile207 and spirited as Fuamoa, and with much less of “devil” in her composition, but a pretty and a pleasant creature to watch. She has reached the twenties, and gone nearly half-way through them, so that she is in a fair way to become an old maid, according to Samoan ideas; but she still retains her maiden81 state, and declares she will not marry, in spite of good offers from several chiefs. It is said in Apia that she is proud, and wishes to marry a white man—which is much as if a charming English country girl should determine to mate with nothing less than a duke. Country lasses do marry dukes, but not often; and there is not much more chance of my “flennie’s” attaining208 her ambition, unless Providence209 is very kind.
The ordinary Samoan is obliged to do a little work now and then, since yam patches must be cultivated, breadfruit plucked and cooked, banana and arrowroot puddings made, fish caught, nets woven, houses built and repaired. But all in all there is not much to do, and the real business of life in Samoa is amusement. Le monde où l’on s’amuse, for most people means a certain circle of London and Paris; but for all who have travelled in the South Seas, it means, once and for all, Samoa.
The taupo is of course at the head and front of every diversion, for, little as the other people have to do, she has less, having nothing at all. A day at Papaseea is one of her favourite delights. During my stay in Samoa one of these pleasant native picnics was organised for me, and I set off on a lovely morning for the “Sliding Rock,” accompanied by fifteen native and half-caste girls, stowed away in six buggies. It was a long drive in the burning sun, and afterwards a long rough walk through the bush, among wild pineapples, scarlet hibiscus, tall, creamy-flowered, pungent210, scented ginger-bushes, red-fruited cacao, quaint211 mammee-apple trees, mangoes, Pacific chestnuts212, and countless other strange tropic growths. Hot and tired as we all were, the Papaseea rock, when we reached it, seemed a perfect Paradise.
Imagine a deep gorge151 in the heart of green, heavily-wooded hills; at the bottom, a narrow channel shaded by overhanging trees, where the pure mountain water runs clear and cold and deep, amber-brown pools quiver at the foot of white plunging213 falls—one only some seven feet high, the other a good thirty. This last was the Sliding Rock, over which we were all going to fling ourselves à la Sappho by-and-by, only with less melancholy214 consequences. It looked formidable enough, and when Pangati and the others, with cries of delight, pulled off their dresses, wound white and pink and green cotton lava-lavas over one shoulder, and round from waist to knee, crowned themselves picturesquely215 with woven fern-leaves, and plunged216 shrieking217 over the fall, I began to wish I had not come, or coming, had not promised to “slide.” However, there was no help for it, so I got into my English bathing-dress, which excited peals218 of merry laughter, because of its “continuations,” waded219 down the stream, and sitting in the rush of the water, held tightly on to a rock at each side, and looked over my own toes at the foaming220, roaring thirty feet drop.
It was all over in a minute. Just an unclasping of unwilling221 hands from the safe black rocks, a fierce tug222 from the tearing stream, an exceedingly unpleasant instant when one realised that there was no going back now at any price, and that the solid earth had slipped away as it does in the ghastly drop of a nightmare dream; then nothing in the world but a long loud roar, and a desperate holding of the breath, while the helpless body shot down to the bottom of the deep brown pool and up again—and at last, the warm air of heaven filling one’s grateful lungs in big gasps223, as one reached the surface, and swam across to the other side of the pool, firmly resolved on no account to do it again, now that it was over.
It was pleasant, afterwards, to sit among the rocks above the fall, and watch one after another of the native and half-caste girls—including a very charming and highly educated half-American, who had been to college in San Francisco, and to smart society dances in Samoa—rush madly over the fall, leaving behind them as they went a long, loud yell, like the whistle of a train going into a tunnel. One native girl daringly went down head first; another, standing incautiously near the edge of the fall, lost her balance, and simply sat down on the pool below, dropping through the air with arms and legs outspread like a starfish. Fangati seized a friend in her arms and tumbled over the verge with her, in a perfect Catherine wheel of revolving224 limbs. It was hours before the riotous225 party grew tired, and even then, only the sight of large green leaves being laid out on the stones, and palm-leaf baskets being opened, brought them out of the water, and got them into their little sleeveless tunics and gracefully226 draped kilts. By this time, the pretty Samoan-American’s mother had laid out the “ki-ki”—baked fowl and pig, taro-root, yams, bananas, pineapples, guavas, European delicacies227 such as cake and pies, and native dainties, including the delicious palusami, of which I have spoken before. The drinking cocoanuts had been husked and opened by the boy who brought the food, and there they stood among the stones, rows of rough ivory cups, lined with smooth ivory jelly of the young soft meat, and filled with fresh sweet water, such as is never to be tasted out of the cocoanut-land. Our plates were sections of green banana-leaf; our forks were our fingers. And when every one had fed, and felt happy and lazy, we all lay among the rocks above the fall, in the green shadow of the trees, and did nothing whatever till evening. Then we climbed back to the road, and drove home, six buggies full of laughing brown and white humanity, crowned and wreathed with green ferns, and singing the sweet, sad song of Samoa—“Good-bye, my flennie”—the song that was written by a native only a few years ago, and has already become famous over the whole Pacific. It is the farewell song of every island lover, the melody that soars above the melancholy rattling228 of the anchor chains on every outward-bound schooner229 that spreads her white wings upon the breast of the great South Seas. And for those who have known the moonlight nights of those enchanted230 shores, have smelt231 the frangipani flower, and listened to the soft singing girls in the endless, golden afternoons, and watched the sun go down upon an empty, sailless sea, behind the weird232 pandanus and drooping233 palms—the sweet song of the islands will ring in the heart for ever. In London rush and rain and gloom, in the dust and glitter of fevered Paris, in the dewy cold green woods of English country homes, the Samoan air will whisper, calling, calling, calling—back to the murmur of the palms, and’ the singing of the coral reef, and the purple tropic night once more.
“GOOD-BYE, MY FLENNIE.”
(Song, with Samoan words, English beginning to each verse.)
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1
villa
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| n.别墅，城郊小屋 | |
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chatter
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| vi.／n.喋喋不休；短促尖叫；(牙齿)打战 | |
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dressing
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| n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料 | |
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pro
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| n.赞成，赞成的意见，赞成者 | |
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promenades
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| n.人行道( promenade的名词复数 )；散步场所；闲逛v.兜风( promenade的第三人称单数 ) | |
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starry
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| adj.星光照耀的, 闪亮的 | |
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disturbances
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| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 )；打扰；困扰；障碍 | |
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relinquished
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| 交出，让给( relinquish的过去式和过去分词 )； 放弃 | |
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missionaries
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| n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 ) | |
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amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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doze
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| v.打瞌睡；n.打盹，假寐 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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akin
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| adj.同族的，类似的 | |
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copper
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| n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的 | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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17
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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18
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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19
flamboyant
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| adj.火焰般的，华丽的，炫耀的 | |
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20
behold
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| v.看，注视，看到 | |
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21
spout
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| v.喷出，涌出；滔滔不绝地讲；n.喷管；水柱 | |
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22
immediate
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| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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23
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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24
tunic
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| n.束腰外衣 | |
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25
tunics
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| n.（动植物的）膜皮( tunic的名词复数 )；束腰宽松外衣；一套制服的短上衣；（天主教主教等穿的）短祭袍 | |
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26
starched
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| adj.浆硬的，硬挺的，拘泥刻板的v.把（衣服、床单等）浆一浆( starch的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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27
scurried
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| v.急匆匆地走( scurry的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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28
gilt
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| adj.镀金的；n.金边证券 | |
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29
situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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30
slant
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| v.倾斜，倾向性地编写或报道；n.斜面，倾向 | |
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31
panorama
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| n.全景，全景画，全景摄影，全景照片[装置] | |
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32
destined
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| adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的 | |
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33
moss
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| n.苔，藓，地衣 | |
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34
gateways
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| n.网关( gateway的名词复数 )；门径；方法；大门口 | |
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35
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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36
smiting
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| v.猛打，重击，打击( smite的现在分词 ) | |
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37
glided
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| v.滑动( glide的过去式和过去分词 )；掠过；（鸟或飞机 ） 滑翔 | |
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38
dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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39
winding
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| n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈 | |
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40
shimmering
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| v.闪闪发光，发微光( shimmer的现在分词 ) | |
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41
secluded
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|
| adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词) | |
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42
dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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43
domed
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| adj. 圆屋顶的, 半球形的, 拱曲的 动词dome的过去式和过去分词形式 | |
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44
ramble
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| v.漫步，漫谈，漫游；n.漫步，闲谈，蔓延 | |
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45
ribs
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|
| n.肋骨( rib的名词复数 )；（船或屋顶等的）肋拱；肋骨状的东西；（织物的）凸条花纹 | |
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46
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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47
intervals
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|
| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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48
interval
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| n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息 | |
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49
carving
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| n.雕刻品，雕花 | |
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50
colossal
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|
| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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51
surmounted
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|
| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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52
pebbles
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|
| [复数]鹅卵石； 沙砾； 卵石，小圆石( pebble的名词复数 ) | |
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53
pebble
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|
| n.卵石，小圆石 | |
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54
joyfully
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| adv. 喜悦地, 高兴地 | |
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55
fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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56
fowls
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| 鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马 | |
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57
taro
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| n.芋，芋头 | |
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58
grove
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| n.林子，小树林，园林 | |
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59
annexation
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| n.吞并，合并 | |
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60
inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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61
etiquette
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|
| n.礼仪，礼节；规矩 | |
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62
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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63
conversing
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| v.交谈，谈话( converse的现在分词 ) | |
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64
yearned
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| 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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65
adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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66
adorn
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| vt.使美化，装饰 | |
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67
wholesome
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|
| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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68
agility
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| n.敏捷，活泼 | |
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69
improvised
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| a.即席而作的,即兴的 | |
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70
sonorous
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|
| adj.响亮的，回响的；adv.圆润低沉地；感人地；n.感人，堂皇 | |
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71
perspiration
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|
| n.汗水；出汗 | |
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72
salmon
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|
| n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的 | |
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73
perversion
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| n.曲解；堕落；反常 | |
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74
utterly
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|
| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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75
slumbers
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| 睡眠，安眠( slumber的名词复数 ) | |
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76
invaluable
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|
| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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77
chattering
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| n. （机器振动发出的）咔嗒声，(鸟等)鸣，啁啾 adj. 喋喋不休的，啾啾声的 动词chatter的现在分词形式 | |
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78
stony
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|
| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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79
bazaar
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| n.集市，商店集中区 | |
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80
saucy
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|
| adj.无礼的；俊俏的；活泼的 | |
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81
maiden
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|
| n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的 | |
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82
hospitable
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|
| adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的 | |
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83
hesitation
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|
| n.犹豫，踌躇 | |
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84
verge
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|
| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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85
precisely
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|
| adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地 | |
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86
standing
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|
| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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87
geographical
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|
| adj.地理的；地区(性)的 | |
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88
unlimited
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| adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的 | |
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89
primitive
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|
| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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90
murmur
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| n.低语，低声的怨言；v.低语，低声而言 | |
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91
swelled
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| 增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情） | |
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92
swell
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| vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强 | |
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93
ripened
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| v.成熟，使熟( ripen的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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94
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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95
stewed
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|
| adj.焦虑不安的，烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 )；煨；思考；担忧 | |
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96
delicacy
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| n.精致，细微，微妙，精良；美味，佳肴 | |
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97
innocence
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| n.无罪；天真；无害 | |
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98
disarmed
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| v.裁军( disarm的过去式和过去分词 )；使息怒 | |
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99
remonstrance
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| n抗议，抱怨 | |
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100
mansions
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| n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 ) | |
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101
dozed
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| v.打盹儿，打瞌睡( doze的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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102
flirt
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| v.调情，挑逗，调戏；n.调情者，卖俏者 | |
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103
corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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104
chestnut
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| n.栗树，栗子 | |
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105
brackish
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|
| adj.混有盐的；咸的 | |
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106
elastic
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| n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的 | |
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107
mischievous
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| adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的 | |
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108
languorous
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| adj.怠惰的，没精打采的 | |
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109
perplexed
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| adj.不知所措的 | |
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110
scotch
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|
| n.伤口，刻痕；苏格兰威士忌酒；v.粉碎，消灭，阻止；adj.苏格兰(人)的 | |
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111
fattening
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| adj.（食物）要使人发胖的v.喂肥( fatten的现在分词 )；养肥（牲畜）；使（钱）增多；使（公司）升值 | |
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112
twine
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| v.搓，织，编饰；（使）缠绕 | |
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113
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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114
resounding
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| adj. 响亮的 | |
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115
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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116
quenches
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| 解（渴）( quench的第三人称单数 )； 终止（某事物）； （用水）扑灭（火焰等）； 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却 | |
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117
fatigue
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| n.疲劳，劳累 | |
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118
paralysis
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| n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症) | |
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119
concocting
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| v.将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物( concoct的现在分词 )；调制；编造；捏造 | |
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120
thrifty
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| adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的 | |
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121
decency
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| n.体面，得体，合宜，正派，庄重 | |
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122
picturesqueness
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123
attire
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| v.穿衣，装扮[同]array；n.衣着；盛装 | |
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124
skewer
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| n.（烤肉用的）串肉杆；v.用杆串好 | |
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125
epicure
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| n.行家，美食家 | |
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126
skewers
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| n.串肉扦( skewer的名词复数 )；烤肉扦；棒v.（用串肉扦或类似物）串起，刺穿( skewer的第三人称单数 ) | |
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127
cone
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| n.圆锥体，圆锥形东西，球果 | |
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128
vaguely
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| adv.含糊地，暖昧地 | |
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129
recurring
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| adj.往复的，再次发生的 | |
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130
groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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131
unbearable
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| adj.不能容忍的；忍受不住的 | |
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132
civilisation
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| n.文明，文化，开化，教化 | |
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133
rigidly
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| adv.刻板地，僵化地 | |
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134
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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135
curiously
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| adv.有求知欲地；好问地；奇特地 | |
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136
emancipation
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| n.（从束缚、支配下）解放 | |
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137
nag
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| v.(对…)不停地唠叨；n.爱唠叨的人 | |
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138
superfluous
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| adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的 | |
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139
peevishness
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| 脾气不好；爱发牢骚 | |
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140
amiability
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| n.和蔼可亲的，亲切的，友善的 | |
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141
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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142
destitute
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| adj.缺乏的；穷困的 | |
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143
enveloped
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| v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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144
permeates
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| 弥漫( permeate的第三人称单数 )； 遍布； 渗入； 渗透 | |
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145
possessed
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| adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的 | |
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146
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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147
lagoon
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| n.泻湖，咸水湖 | |
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148
wading
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 ) | |
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149
catching
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| adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住 | |
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150
tepid
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| adj.微温的，温热的，不太热心的 | |
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151
gorge
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| n.咽喉，胃，暴食，山峡；v.塞饱，狼吞虎咽地吃 | |
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152
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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153
graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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154
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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155
imprisoned
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| 下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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156
solitary
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| adj.孤独的，独立的，荒凉的；n.隐士 | |
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157
marooned
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| adj.被围困的；孤立无援的；无法脱身的 | |
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158
elegance
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| n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙 | |
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159
spotted
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| adj.有斑点的，斑纹的，弄污了的 | |
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160
crimson
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| n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色 | |
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161
recipient
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| a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器 | |
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162
poking
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| n. 刺，戳，袋 vt. 拨开，刺，戳 vi. 戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢 | |
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163
knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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164
pendulum
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| n.摆，钟摆 | |
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165
insistent
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| adj.迫切的，坚持的 | |
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166
derived
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| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
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167
sleeplessness
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| n.失眠，警觉 | |
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168
yarn
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| n.纱，纱线，纺线；奇闻漫谈，旅行轶事 | |
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169
aspiring
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| adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求 | |
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170
exquisitely
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| adv.精致地；强烈地；剧烈地；异常地 | |
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171
wavy
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| adj.有波浪的，多浪的，波浪状的，波动的，不稳定的 | |
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172
scented
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| adj.有香味的；洒香水的；有气味的v.嗅到(scent的过去分词) | |
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173
prettily
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| adv.优美地；可爱地 | |
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174
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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175
jug
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| n.(有柄，小口，可盛水等的)大壶，罐，盂 | |
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176
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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177
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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178
dwarf
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| n.矮子，侏儒，矮小的动植物；vt.使…矮小 | |
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179
luxuriously
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| adv.奢侈地，豪华地 | |
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180
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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181
ammunition
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| n.军火，弹药 | |
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182
justified
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| a.正当的，有理的 | |
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183
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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184
abruptly
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| adv.突然地，出其不意地 | |
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185
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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186
bouquets
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| n.花束( bouquet的名词复数 )；（酒的）芳香 | |
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187
renounce
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| v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系 | |
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188
beads
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| n.（空心）小珠子( bead的名词复数 )；水珠；珠子项链 | |
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189
concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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190
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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191
petals
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| n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 ) | |
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192
thither
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| adv.向那里；adj.在那边的，对岸的 | |
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193
tune
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| n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整 | |
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194
chatters
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| （人）喋喋不休( chatter的第三人称单数 )； 唠叨； （牙齿）打战； （机器）震颤 | |
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195
rustle
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| v.沙沙作响；偷盗(牛、马等)；n.沙沙声声 | |
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196
mimicking
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| v.（尤指为了逗乐而）模仿( mimic的现在分词 )；酷似 | |
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197
supple
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| adj.柔软的，易弯的，逢迎的，顺从的，灵活的；vt.使柔软，使柔顺，使顺从；vi.变柔软，变柔顺 | |
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198
mischief
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| n.损害，伤害，危害；恶作剧，捣蛋，胡闹 | |
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199
underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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200
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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201
imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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202
celebrated
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| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
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203
adorns
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| 装饰，佩带( adorn的第三人称单数 ) | |
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204
eyebrows
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| 眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 ) | |
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205
frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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206
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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207
agile
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| adj.敏捷的，灵活的 | |
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208
attaining
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的现在分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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209
providence
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| n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝 | |
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210
pungent
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| adj.（气味、味道）刺激性的，辛辣的；尖锐的 | |
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211
quaint
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| adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的 | |
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212
chestnuts
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| n.栗子( chestnut的名词复数 )；栗色；栗树；栗色马 | |
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213
plunging
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| adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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214
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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215
picturesquely
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216
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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217
shrieking
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| v.尖叫( shriek的现在分词 ) | |
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218
peals
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| n.（声音大而持续或重复的）洪亮的响声( peal的名词复数 )；隆隆声；洪亮的钟声；钟乐v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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219
waded
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| （从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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220
foaming
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| adj.布满泡沫的；发泡 | |
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221
unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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222
tug
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| v.用力拖(或拉)；苦干；n.拖；苦干；拖船 | |
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223
gasps
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| v.喘气( gasp的第三人称单数 )；喘息；倒抽气；很想要 | |
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224
revolving
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| adj.旋转的，轮转式的；循环的v.（使）旋转( revolve的现在分词 )；细想 | |
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225
riotous
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| adj.骚乱的；狂欢的 | |
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226
gracefully
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| ad.大大方方地；优美地 | |
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227
delicacies
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| n.棘手( delicacy的名词复数 )；精致；精美的食物；周到 | |
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228
rattling
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| adj. 格格作响的, 活泼的, 很好的 adv. 极其, 很, 非常 动词rattle的现在分词 | |
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229
schooner
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| n.纵帆船 | |
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230
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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231
smelt
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| v.熔解，熔炼；n.银白鱼，胡瓜鱼 | |
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232
weird
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| adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的 | |
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233
drooping
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| adj. 下垂的，无力的 动词droop的现在分词 | |
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