RED roofs and white verandahs; straight sandy streets of immense width, planted with green trees, and spindling away into unnaturally3 bright blue distances; omnibuses, phaetons, motor-cars, and four-in-hands passing at long intervals4 towards the shining lakes that lie beside the town; puffs5 of white steam rising up among green gardens and open fields; a ring of amethyst-coloured hills surrounding the whole bright scene, bathed in such a white, pure, crystalline sun as never shines on misty6 England. That is Rotorua, a half-day’s journey from Auckland, and the centre of the wonderful geyser region of New Zealand.
Every one now-a-days knows that New Zealand possesses wonderful geysers, but not quite everybody knows what a geyser is; and certainly very few are aware of the extraordinary richness and variety of the geyser country. Geysers are intermittent7 fountains of boiling water, in height from a couple of feet up to fifteen hundred—the enormous altitude reached by Waimangu the Terrible, greatest geyser of the whole world. They consist of a shaft8 reaching down from the surface of the earth to deep, very highly heated reservoirs of steam and boiling water below; and (usually) of a siliceous basin surrounding the shaft-opening, and full of hot water. Some geysers open in the centre of a cone9 of siliceous sinter, built up by the deposits from the water, and have no basin.
The periodic explosions of active geysers are due to the following facts—water under heavy pressure requires a much higher temperature to boil than water free from pressure. While the water high up in the geyser pipe may be a little under 212 degrees, that in the lower levels may be standing10 at 50 or 60 degrees higher, and only kept from expanding into steam by the weight of the column above it. If anything lessens11 that weight or increases the temperature of the lower water, this latter will explode into steam, and drive the upper waters high into air with the force of its exit from the shaft. This, briefly12, is the theory of geyser action.
Rotorua itself, the great focus of the healing forces of Nature in the geyser district, is simply a crust over a mass of hot springs, charged with various minerals. Three feet under earth you will find hot water, in nearly any part of the town. There are hundreds of hot springs in the neighbourhood that have never been analysed. Of the many that are in use in the Government Sanatorium, the “Priest’s Water” and “Rachel Water” are the most famous. The former cures rheumatism13, gout, and blood diseases, while “Rachel” makes her patrons “beautiful for ever” by curing all forms of skin trouble, and bestowing14 a lovely complexion15, not to speak of the remarkable16 effects of the spring on nervous affections. There are also wonderful hot swimming baths, much patronised by the casual tourist; baths of hot volcanic17 mud, and baths of hot sulphur vapour rising direct from the burning caverns18 under the earth.
But for people who are in good health, it is the “sights” of Rotorua that are the chief attractions, and these are very many. One of the loveliest, and a welcome change from the countless20 hot-water springs, is Hamurana, surely the most beautiful river source in the world. It is reached by a journey across one of the lakes in a steamer. All the way the great lake ripples21 purest turquoise22 under a high, clear, cloudless sky; green islands rise bright and cool from its shining surface, sharply peaked and shadowed mountains, on the distant shores, stand out in strange hues23 of crystalline hyacinth unknown to our northern climes. By-and-by the little steamer leaves us on a green wooded shore, and we take boat up a fairy river to a region of enchanted24 beauty. Blossoming trees line the sun-steeped banks; the water is of the strangest colours—jade-green, clear molten sapphire25, silver/ emerald, and transparent26 as a great highway of rock crystal. Enormous trout27, weighing up to twenty pounds, rush from under our keel; grass-green and rose-red water weeds quiver far beneath the oar28. Wild fuchsias, wild cherries, loaded with scarlet29 fruit, snowy-flowered tea-tree, arum lilies, yellow broom, and pink dog-roses, hang out over the water. But a few hundred yards, and the big lovely river comes to a sudden end, walled in by blossoming bushes, and apparently30 cut short in the strangest’ of culs-de-sac. In reality it is the source we have reached; here the whole Hamurana stream springs full-grown from the earth. A great rift31 in the bed of the glassy river is visible, where the water wells up under our keel in wavering masses of amber32, aquamarine, and deep blue, shot with glancing arrows of prismatic light. Five million gallons are poured forth33 from this deep cold cavern19 every twenty-four hours—each drop as clear as a diamond, and as pure. The force of the upspringing stream is so great that pennies can be thrown in from the boat without sinking, to the bottom of the cavern—the water sends them back, and casts them out into the shallows about the edge of the rift. Sometimes a small silver coin will slip down into depths, and lie glittering many fathoms34 below, magnified conspicuously35 by the transparent water. The Maori natives, who are marvellous divers36, have tried time and again to reach-this tempting37 store of treasure; but no man can stem the uprushing torrent38 of water, and if the coins were gold, they would be as safe as they are now from being taken by human hands. The most determined39 suicide could not drown himself in the Hamurana River source, for the stream about the source is shallow, and the cavern water itself would not permit him to sink, however willing he might be.
The Valley of Tikitere, some ten miles from Rotorua, is the greatest contrast that could possibly be conceived to Hamurana’s enchanted loveliness. Enchanted indeed this valley also plight40 be, but by a spell of evil. It is the nearest possible approach to the familiar conception of hell. A stretch of white siliceous soil, streaked41 here and there with the blood-coloured stains of hematite, or the livid yellow of sulphur, is pitted all over with lakes, pools, and small deep pot-holes of boiling mud, sometimes thick, sometimes thin, but always scalding, bubbling, spirting, and threatening. Chief of all the horrors is the well-named lake, “Gates of Hell.” Standing upon a bank of white earth that is warm underfoot, and seamed with steaming cracks, one looks down upon a ghastly hellhole of a seething42 cauldron, slimy black in colour, and veiled with stinging mists that only now and then lift sufficiently43 to show the hideous44 surface of the lake. The foul45 broth46 of which it is composed bubbles and lifts ceaselessly, now and then rising into ominous47 heights and waves that seem about to break upon the banks above. The heat reaches our faces, as we stand half-stifled on the pathway. Just beside us, a large pool of bubbling mud, which stands constantly at 2120 Fahrenheit—ordinary boiling point—seems almost cool in comparison. Little wonder that is so; for the “Gates of Hell” is largely composed of sulphuric acid, and its surface temperature is 232°.
Beyond lies a perfect wilderness48 of boiling mud-holes of every kind. Here, there is a pond of mud as thick as porridge; there, one fluid as cream. Here, the deadly, scalding surface lies innocently smooth and unrippled; there, it leaps and thunders like a young volcano in action.
At one corner we come suddenly upon an ugly black archway, leading to no inviting50 interior; nothing can be seen within; but the loud gurglings and chokings of the seething depths inside restrain any desire for closer observation, “The Heavenly Twins,” derisively51 so-named, are two boiling mud-lioles not a foot apart, but quite unconnected; one boils the thickest of brews52, while its twin concocts53 the thinnest.
One must follow the guide closely and carefully about these ghastly wonders. One step off the pathway, and a horrible death awaits the careless walker. Even the path itself is only cool and solid on the outside skin. The guide stops now and then to dig his stick into the whitey-brown earth for a couple of inches, and turn up a clod all glittering on the under-side with fresh crystals of sulphur. This under-side is so hot that one can hardly touch it with the unprotected hand.
From one deep mud-hole, of a comparatively reasonable temperature, mud is taken out for medical uses. It is wonderfully effective as a bath, for soothing55 pain and curing sleeplessness56. Further on, on safe ground, one can see a hot waterfall about twenty feet high, in temperature about 100°, which is used as a douche bath by invalids57 of many kinds, with remarkable results.
On the edges of the valley, I see for the first time in detail exactly how the “fumarole,” or steam blow-hole, is used for cooking purposes. Over the opening of a small manageable blow-hole, an inch or two across, is placed a box without a bottom. The food to be cooked is placed in the box, either in a pot, or wrapped in leaves. The lid is then put on, and covered with clay. In an hour or so the meat or stew58 is done to a turn; and even if left too long, it cannot be burned. One blow-hole, in constant use by the Maories, is not steam at all, but hot sulphur vapour, which deposits a crust of sulphur on everything it touches. This does not trouble the Maori, however; he eats his food quite contentedly59, with a strong sulphurous flavour added to its natural taste, and says it does him good. Certainly, the natives living about Tikitere are unusually strong and hearty60 in appearance, and never troubled with any kind of illness.
People of middle age will doubtless remember vividly61 the impression created all over the world in 1886 by the eruption of the great volcano Tarawera, and the destruction of New Zealand’s most cherished natural wonder—the peerless Pink and White Terraces of Rotomahana. Count-, less marvels62 have been left, and one new one that far outstrips63 the Terraces in sheer wonder and magnificence—Waimangu, the greatest geyser in the world; but New Zealand still laments64 her beautiful Terraces, and shows the spot where they lie deep, buried under ninety feet of volcanic débris, as though pointing out the grave of something loved and lost.
A day of wonderful interest is that spent in seeing the track of the great eruption. Leaving Rotorua early in the morning, I saw, as the coach wound up the hilly road outside the town, many traces of that awful night and day of darkness, thunder, and terror, eighteen years ago. Although Rotorua is fifteen miles or more from the site of the Terraces, the sky was dark all the day of the eruption, and only three or four miles from the town black volcanic dust fell so densely65 as to leave a stratum66 several inches thick over the country. This is clearly visible in the cuttings at the side of the road, where the black stratum can be seen underlying67 the more recent layer of ordinary soil. Where the great coach-road to Rotomahana once ran, a chasm68 some sixty feet deep scars the mountain side, caused by the fearful rush of water that took place down the road-track. An earthquake crack, thirty feet deep, runs close to the road for a long distance. All the way up to the buried village of Wairoa, similar traces can be seen. But before the village is reached, two gems69 of scenic70 loveliness are passed—the Blue and Green Lakes, lying side by side, each enclosed by steep rugged71 hills, reflected clearly on its glassy surface. One is of the strangest, most delicate Sèvres blue—a colour, not depending on any reflection from above, for I saw it on a grey and cloudy day—the other is a bright verdigris72 green. “Chemicals in the water” is the very vague reason given by inhabitants of the district for these remarkable beauties of colour.
I must note here that in no case have I succeeded in obtaining any satisfactory reason for the remarkable blues73 and greens so common in both the cold and hot waters of the thermal74 district. The Waikato River, a great cold stream, full of immense trout; Taupo Lake (cold); the coloured lakes of Wairakei and Waiotapu (hot); Hamurana Springs (cold), and many others, display these remarkable tints75, under every sky and in every depth of water. Varying reasons are given, but none seem satisfactory. The beauty of the colouring is, at all events, certain, and the cause may safely be left to geologists76.
Wairoa Village is now a green, silent waste of young forest and rich grass, broken only by the ruins of the old hotel that stood there before the eruption, and by a few scattered77 traces of other human occupation—a fragment of wall, the rusty78 skeleton of an iron bedstead, lying in a gully; the remains79 of a shattered buggy. In 1886 it occupied the place now held by Rotorua, and was visited by numbers of tourists, all anxious to see the Terraces, which lay not far away at the other end of the chain of lakes now united in one, and called Rotomahana. On the day of the eruption, the roof of the hotel was broken in by red-hot falling stones and mud, and eleven people were killed. Some, who escaped, ran out and took refuge in a native “warry” or hut, which, strange to say, remained uninjured. Over a hundred people in all—mostly Maories—were killed by the eruption, which destroyed millions of acres of good land, swept away several native villages, and utterly80 altered the face of the whole country.
Lake Tarawera, which must be crossed to see the site of the lost terraces, lies under the shadow of the great volcanic cone of Tarawera, 8,000 feet high, from which much of the molten rock and burning ashes came. It is as lovely, in its own strange way, as the famous lakes of Italy and Switzerland. The water is intensely blue, and the high hills closing it in are of a colour unknown to most other scenery in the world—a strange pale barren grey, so nearly white as to be slightly suggestive of snow. Like snow, too, is the distribution of this coloured matter; it lies on the crests81 and projections83 of the hills, and is streaked thinly down the sides. It is ash, volcanic ash, cast out by the surrounding craters84 on that fatal night of June, 1886, and lying unchanged on the hills about the lake ever since. Tarawera itself towers above the lake, grim and dark and ominous; a mountain hot yet tamed by any means, and still hot, though not molten, in the interior of the cone.
On the shores of the lake, as the launch carries us past, can be seen, at one spot, the whitened bones of some of the natives who perished in the eruption. The name and titles of one, who was a great chief, are painted on a rock that overhangs the shore.
Rotomahana, the second lake, is also surrounded by ash-whitened hills. At the far end, as our second oil-launch starts to cross, we can see thick columns of steam rising against the grey of the cliffs. These are the gravestones of the lost Pink Terrace; these tall pillars of cloud alone mark the spot where one half of the world’s greatest wonder once stood. Just where the launch starts, the White Terrace was buried, under a hundred feet of earth and mud, deep in the bed of the lake.
What were the Terraces like? New Zealand has many oil paintings of them, so that a clear idea of their loveliness can be formed even to-day. They consisted of two immense terraced slopes, formed by the action of downward dropping hot water heavily loaded with silicon87. Every terrace was a succession of fairy-like baths and basins, filled with bright blue water. One was pure ivory-white, the other, tinged88 with hematite, was bright pink., The exquisite89 natural carvings90 and flutings of the silicon, the beautiful tints of the terraces, the blue sky above and blue lakes below, together formed a picture the like of which does not exist on earth to-day.
Our oil-launch, sailing now over water which is actually boiling, close in shore, though the main body of the lake is cold, allows us to land on the very spot where the Pink Terrace once stood. It is a dangerous task, even with the aid of a guide, to pick one’s way about this stretch of ground, for it is nothing but a crumbling91 honey-comb of boiling-water ponds, and narrow ridges93 as brittle94 as piecrust. Over these latter we take our perilous95 way, planting each footstep slowly and carefully, but never standing still, for the ground is so exceedingly hot that the soles of one’s boots are scorched96, if planted long in one place. The earth is choked and clouded with steam, the ponds roar and bubble about our feet, the blow-holes rumble97. The ground is full of raw cracks, old and new, and as our small party steps over one of these, on the way back, it is seen to be visibly wider than it was on the previous coming! To-morrow the whole of this narrow ridge49 may have crumbled98 in and disappeared. No one is sorry to reach the launch again, and glide99 away from those threatening shores.
A little further on, where we land for the walk up to Waimangu Geyser, there is a hot iodine100 spring, unique among medical waters, and most useful in many diseases. Arrangements are now being made to have the water collected and sent to Rotorua; up to the present, it has only been used by the Maories.
All the three-mile walk up to the geyser is crowded with tokens of the great eruption. Mud cliffs a hundred feet in height were created by the terrible outburst, and for miles about the whole country was covered yards deep with the boiling slimy mass. Not only Tarawera, but three other craters (all visible in the high distance above the lake) were erupting together, for a night and a day. The eruptions101 took place without the least warning of any kind, about ten o’clock at night. The chain of lakes about Tarawera’s foot suddenly exploded like colossal102 bombs, blowing their entire contents, and all the mud from their bottoms, over the whole country-side. Tarawera and the neighbouring craters cast out huge jets of flame, and scattered burning masses of rock, ashes, and scori?, for many miles. The noise was terrible, and the sky for twenty miles around was dark at noonday. It is supposed that the eruption was caused by the falling in of the lake bottom, which allowed the water to drop into the underlying fires, and exploded the lakes instantly into steam.
Up a great earthquake chasm, among deep volcano craters that were formed at the time of the eruption, we climb towards the Great Geyser. These craters are for the most part still in a more or less heated state, though grass and ferns grow in the interior of nearly all, and no apprehension103 is felt as to future outbursts. One has a hot mudpool at the bottom; a second spits steam from many cracks and blow-holes; a third, the largest of all, erupted slightly in August 1904, and threw a quantity of hot mud and stones out over the top.
Waimangu Geyser itself, which is really more a volcano than a geyser, is supposed to have been formed at the time of the eruption. It did not, however, commence its present activity until 1900, when an enormously high “shot” was seen by one or two explorers camping in the neighbourhood, and the source at once investigated. It became apparent that New Zealand, in the place of the lost Terraces, had acquired the largest and most magnificent geyser in the whole world. The exchange is by no means a bad one. Waimangu attracts hundreds of travellers to the pretty little hotel planted on a cliff not far from the crater85; and those who have been fortunate enough to see the geyser play, one and all utterly lose themselves in attempting to express the extraordinary majesty104, wonder, and terror of the sight.
The geyser is somewhat irregular in action, but generally plays every day or so. The water in the huge basin heaves and lifts; then an enormous cloud of steam rushes up, and then a column of black water, charged with mud and stones, flings itself upward in repeated leaps or “shots” through the steam, to an almost incredible height—at times as high as fifteen hundred feet. More than a quarter of a mile in sheer height is Waimangu’s biggest “shot.” On such occasions, the sky is darkened by the tremendous spread of the leaping waters, the earth trembles with the concussion105, and the watching spectators, perched high above the crater by the shelter hut, feel as though the terrors of the Last Day itself were falling upon them, unprepared.
In the summer of 1903 two girls and a guide were killed during the explosion of the geyser. The girls had been repeatedly warned, even entreated106, not to stand near the crater, as it was momentarily expected to “play”; but they hovered107 close by the verge108, anxious to secure a photograph. Without warning, Waimangu suddenly rose and hurled109 itself bodily skyward out of its bed. The enormous backfall of the boiling water caught and swept away the luckless three, and they were carried down the outflow valley in the flood that succeeds every eruption. When found, the bodies were terribly mutilated, and stripped of all clothing. The mother of the girls, standing higher up, saw the whole awful disaster, and had to be forcibly held back from rushing into the crater, in a wild effort to save her children. Since that melancholy110 day, the geyser basin has been railed off, in such a manner that no one can approach near enough to incur111 the slightest danger. Warbrick, the head guide of the district, was present, and nearly lost his life in a daring attempt to save the girls and the guide, who was his own brother. He rushed into the midst of the falling stones and water, to try and drag the luckless victims back, but was too late to save them, and narrowly escaped being carried away himself.
Warbrick is the best-known guide in New Zealand, and a character of considerable interest. He is a halfcaste Maori, decidedly more intelligent than the average white man, and speaking English perfectly112. In company with a sailor, he lately made what was probably the most daring boat-trip ever attempted on earth—nothing less than a voyage over Waimangu’s boiling basin, undertaken with the object of sounding the depths of the geyser. The monster often erupts without the least warning, sending the whole contents of its huge basin bodily skyward; so that the feat was one likely to shake the strongest nerve. Warbrick took a lead line with him, and noted114 the various depths of the crater basin. In the centre, where the great throat of the geyser opens up, no bottom could be found. The boat came safely to shore, after some minutes spent, in performing one of the most perilous feats115 ever attempted, even by a Maori.
Visitors generally stay at the Government accommodation house near the geyser for a day or two, on the chance of seeing a good “shot,” and they seldom go away unrewarded. It is well worth while to cut short one’s stay in some other place by a couple of days, to have a chance of seeing the world’s greatest thermal wonder in full action, for Waimangu, when playing, is the sight of a lifetime. I was not fortunate enough to see the geyser in action, as it was undergoing a period of “sulks” at the time of my visit; but if it had been playing as it played some weeks after I left, nothing would have tempted113 me away from its neighbourhood until I had seen an eruption.
One, of the great charms of the geyser country about Rotorua is its absolute unlikeness to anything that can be found on the other side of the Line. To the much-travelled wanderer, nearly all famous show-places, after a time, display a distressing116 similarity. The two or three leading types of peasant to be found on the Continent of Europe, grow familiar by-and-by. Giuseppe of Italy is not very novel to the traveller who still remembers Ignacio of Spain; German Wilhelm recalls Dutch Jan; Belgian Fran?oise is sister to French Mathilde. As for the “sights”—well, one waterfall is very like another, and lakes and ruined castles pall117, taken in bulk. Even if the traveller wanders further away, he does not find much in Egypt, India, or Japan, that has not been greatly spoiled for him beforehand, by the countless descriptions he has heard and read ever since childhood. It seems almost as though the illimitable flood of sight-seers, past and present, rushing through all the famous beauty-spots of the old world, had washed away something of their charm—as if the air about such places were drained dry of the ozone118 of fresh delight which every lovely and wonderful spot should give, leaving only an atmosphere of feeling that is stale and used-up in the last degree.
New Zealand’s “sights,” however, are (to vary the metaphor) new gems in a new setting. Not even the most experienced traveller can look on the wonders of the thermal region with an eye dulled and indifferent by other experiences, since there is hardly anything similar the whole world over. And the setting of the gems—-the strange, unfamiliar119 country, oddly reversed seasons, and wild brown Maori folk, taking the place of European peasantry, is perhaps the greatest charm of all.
For myself, the carefully revived native dances of the Maories, performed for money, in civilised concert halls the “haka” or war dance, done by children on the roads for pennies, and the modern native carvings, done with English tools, which are all among the most striking features of daily life in Rotorua, were not the real attractions of the place. Those lay in the common features of ordinary Maori existence, seen here, there, and everywhere, without pose or preparation. When one strolls out along the country roads near the town, it is an adventure to meet a party of wild-eyed, brown-faced men and women, galloping120 madly up and down hill on their rough “brumbies” (wild-horses, broken in)—both sexes alike wrapped in heavy blankets, and sitting astride. Wandering about on a bicycle, it pleasantly increases the “go-abroady” feeling that most travellers welcome, to coma121 upon a woman taking a fat fowl122 out of the steam-hole cooker, that Nature has provided just at the door of her thatch-roofed, reed-built “warry,” and to stop and talk for an interesting quarter of an hour with a barefooted, half-clad savage123, who speaks English as good as one’s own, reads the daily papers and has his opinions on Mr. Seddon’s fiscal124 policy. The Maori guides and hangers125 on, about the best-known sights, are naturally more or less spoiled by the visitors. But the real Maori, of whom one gets an occasional sight, even about such a civilised town as Rotorua, is attractive enough to make one fully54 understand the strong regard that most New Zealanders have for their native friends. Dignity, pride, and the manners of an exiled royalty126 are his natural heritage. His mind is as keen as the white, man’s, though perhaps somewhat narrower in scope; he has a vivid sense of humour, strong feelings about honour and faithfulness, the courage of a bull-dog, and the reckless daring of an Irish dragoon. Worth knowing, and well worth liking127 when known, are the brown men and women of North New Zealand.
The little village of Ohinemutu, less than a mile from Rotorua, is astonishingly Maori still, in spite of the development of the district for tourist travel. Go down towards the shores of the lake at the back of the big hotel, and you step at once into a native “pah,” built in the haphazard128 fashion peculiar129 to Maori settlements. There are no streets, and no definite beginnings or endings. The houses face every way, and are of many fashions; here a reed-built warry, there a house with a front splendidly carved and painted in old native fashion, further on a wooden dwelling130 about as large as a bathing-box, with a full-sized bay-window fastened on to it. Most are wooden huts with iron roofs—a compromise between native and European styles.
Everywhere one goes, there are steaming pools with newly washed clothes drying on the edge, or small brown bodies happily disporting131 themselves in the water. Cooking-boxes are erected132 over countless steam-holes; and every here and there, one meets a tall brown man or woman, looking extremely clean and damp, and wrapped in a big coloured blanket and nothing else, stalking house-wards from a refreshing133 bath. Try to take a photograph, and if the Maori is accustomed to tourists, he will ask a shilling for the labour of posing; but if he has recently come down from the wilds, and is still unspoiled, he will reject an offer of coin with quiet dignity. Taken as nature made him, the Maori is not greedy of money. It is only a very few months since the Maories of the King country (a wild, half-claimed district in the “back blocks”) have allowed gold prospectors134 to pass through their lands. Until recently they admitted tourists and sportsmen freely, but refused to allow any one to look for gold, giving as a reason their belief, that the finding of gold did no country any good.
Whakarewarewa, a couple of miles outside the town of Rotorua, has a very interesting model of a typical Maori fortified135 “pah,” lately completed by the Government. The large space of grass enclosed by the fort is guarded by high earth breastworks and a deep ditch. Beyond the ditch is an open wooden paling, apparently more for ornament136 than use, on which are placed at intervals carved wooden figures of a threatening and terrifying character. All of them are native work, but of modern date.
The geysers of Whakarewarewa are many and famous. The most famous of all was the great twin geyser Waikite, whose double throat opens at the top of a high terraced cone, built up of siliceous sinter, deposited by the geyser water during long ages of action. Waikite has ceased to play since 1886, when the railway from Auckland to Rotorua was completed. On the day when the line was opened for traffic, the geyser ceased playing, and its fountains have never ascended137 since.
Wairoa (Maori, “Long Water”) is now the lion of Whakarewarewa. It plays very seldom of its own accord, but on special occasions the local authorities permit it to be dosed with soap, which always produces an eruption. A geyser constantly physicked in this manner often gives up playing altogether in the end; so careful restrictions138 hedge round the operation, in the case of Wairoa. It is first necessary to procure139 consent from the Government Tourist Department in Wellington, and then to arrange a day and give notice to the town. The Government authorities in Wellington were kind enough to send an order to Rotorua to have Wairoa soaped for me during my stay; and I took advantage of the opportunity to enjoy the novel sensation of starting the geyser myself.
On a Sunday afternoon of December 1904, all Rotorua assembled in a black crowd at “Whaka” to see Wairoa play. Rows of cameras were placed upon the hillocks commanding the spot; bets were freely made about the height and quality of the coming performance, and every one scuffled politely for a front place when the ceremony began. The caretaker of the grounds and the head guide solemnly removed the wooden cover (pierced to allow the escape of steam) which is padlocked over the geyser’s stony140 lips, and handed me a bag containing three bars of soap, cut up into small pieces. I stood on the edge of the geyser-mouth, looking down a great black well full of steam, and rumbling92 with deep, groaning141 murmurs142 from below, until the guide gave the word, and then emptied the bag down Wairoa’s throat.
Almost immediately, white lather143 began to form in the depths of the well, and rose rapidly to the verge. The guide now ordered me away from the geyser; for, although Wairoa generally takes some minutes to play after being soaped, one can never be absolutely certain that it will not respond with inconvenient144 swiftness. I went back to a neighbouring hillock from which an excellent view could be obtained, and waited with the eager crowd. Every now and then a small rush of water lifted over the geyser rim86, and once or twice the fountain seemed about to start; but it was not until seventeen minutes after I had put in the soap that Wairoa choked, gurgled, and finally broke into a roar like a ten thousand ton liner throwing off steam. In another instant, still roaring, the geyser shot up silvery white water, dissolving at the top, full 140 feet above ground, into a crest82 of delicate streamy feathers all sparkling in the sun. The display lasted about a couple of minutes, and then sank gradually away; but for long afterwards, Wairoa mumbled145 and grumbled146 and frothed at the mouth, not settling down into quiet for at least an hour.
Of Auckland—“last, loneliest, loveliest, exquisite, apart,” as Kipling has called it—thus compelling all later travellers to see, or at least pretend to see, exquisite loveliness in prosaic147 Queen Street, and go a-hunting for poetic148 solitudes149 along the quays—I have nothing to say. Great ports are all alike, the wide world over, and hotel is as like unto hotel as pebble150 unto pebble. And when the story is done, why linger?
I have set forth to tell something of Britain of the South Seas, and such as it is, my say has been said.
The End
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eruption
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| n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作 | |
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feat
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| n.功绩；武艺，技艺；adj.灵巧的，漂亮的，合适的 | |
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unnaturally
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| adv.违反习俗地；不自然地；勉强地；不近人情地 | |
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intervals
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| n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 )；间隔时间；[数学]区间；（戏剧、电影或音乐会的）幕间休息 | |
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5
puffs
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| n.吸( puff的名词复数 )；（烟斗或香烟的）一吸；一缕（烟、蒸汽等）；（呼吸或风的）呼v.使喷出( puff的第三人称单数 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧 | |
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6
misty
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| adj.雾蒙蒙的，有雾的 | |
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7
intermittent
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| adj.间歇的，断断续续的 | |
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8
shaft
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| n.(工具的)柄，杆状物 | |
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9
cone
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| n.圆锥体，圆锥形东西，球果 | |
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10
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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lessens
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| 变少( lessen的第三人称单数 )； 减少（某事物） | |
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12
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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13
rheumatism
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| n.风湿病 | |
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14
bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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15
complexion
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| n.肤色；情况，局面；气质，性格 | |
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16
remarkable
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| adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的 | |
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17
volcanic
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| adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的 | |
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18
caverns
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| 大山洞，大洞穴( cavern的名词复数 ) | |
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19
cavern
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| n.洞穴，大山洞 | |
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20
countless
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| adj.无数的，多得不计其数的 | |
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21
ripples
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| 逐渐扩散的感觉( ripple的名词复数 ) | |
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22
turquoise
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| n.绿宝石；adj.蓝绿色的 | |
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23
hues
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| 色彩( hue的名词复数 )； 色调； 信仰； 观点 | |
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24
enchanted
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| adj. 被施魔法的，陶醉的，入迷的 动词enchant的过去式和过去分词 | |
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25
sapphire
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| n.青玉，蓝宝石；adj.天蓝色的 | |
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26
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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27
trout
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| n.鳟鱼；鲑鱼(属) | |
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28
oar
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| n.桨，橹，划手；v.划行 | |
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29
scarlet
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| n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的 | |
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30
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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31
rift
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| n.裂口，隙缝，切口；v.裂开，割开，渗入 | |
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32
amber
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| n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的 | |
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33
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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34
fathoms
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| 英寻( fathom的名词复数 ) | |
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35
conspicuously
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| ad.明显地，惹人注目地 | |
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36
divers
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| adj.不同的；种种的 | |
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37
tempting
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| a.诱人的, 吸引人的 | |
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38
torrent
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| n.激流，洪流；爆发，(话语等的)连发 | |
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39
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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40
plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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41
streaked
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| adj.有条斑纹的，不安的v.快速移动( streak的过去式和过去分词 )；使布满条纹 | |
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42
seething
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| 沸腾的，火热的 | |
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43
sufficiently
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| adv.足够地，充分地 | |
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44
hideous
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| adj.丑陋的，可憎的，可怕的，恐怖的 | |
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45
foul
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| adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规 | |
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46
broth
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| n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等) | |
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47
ominous
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| adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的 | |
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48
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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49
ridge
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| n.山脊；鼻梁；分水岭 | |
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50
inviting
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| adj.诱人的，引人注目的 | |
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51
derisively
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| adv. 嘲笑地，嘲弄地 | |
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52
brews
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| n.（尤指某地酿造的）啤酒( brew的名词复数 )；酿造物的种类；（茶）一次的冲泡量；（不同思想、环境、事件的）交融v.调制( brew的第三人称单数 )；酝酿；沏（茶）；煮（咖啡） | |
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53
concocts
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| v.将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物( concoct的第三人称单数 )；调制；编造；捏造 | |
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54
fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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55
soothing
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| adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的 | |
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56
sleeplessness
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| n.失眠，警觉 | |
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57
invalids
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| 病人，残疾者( invalid的名词复数 ) | |
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58
stew
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| n.炖汤，焖，烦恼；v.炖汤，焖，忧虑 | |
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59
contentedly
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| adv.心满意足地 | |
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60
hearty
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| adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的 | |
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61
vividly
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| adv.清楚地，鲜明地，生动地 | |
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62
marvels
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| n.奇迹( marvel的名词复数 )；令人惊奇的事物（或事例）；不平凡的成果；成就v.惊奇，对…感到惊奇( marvel的第三人称单数 ) | |
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63
outstrips
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| v.做得比…更好，（在赛跑等中）超过( outstrip的第三人称单数 ) | |
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64
laments
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| n.悲恸，哀歌，挽歌( lament的名词复数 )v.（为…）哀悼，痛哭，悲伤( lament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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65
densely
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| ad.密集地；浓厚地 | |
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66
stratum
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| n.地层，社会阶层 | |
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67
underlying
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| adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的 | |
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68
chasm
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| n.深坑，断层，裂口，大分岐，利害冲突 | |
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69
gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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70
scenic
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| adj.自然景色的，景色优美的 | |
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71
rugged
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| adj.高低不平的，粗糙的，粗壮的，强健的 | |
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72
verdigris
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| n.铜锈；铜绿 | |
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73
blues
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| n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐 | |
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74
thermal
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| adj.热的，由热造成的；保暖的 | |
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75
tints
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| 色彩( tint的名词复数 )； 带白的颜色； （淡色）染发剂； 痕迹 | |
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76
geologists
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| 地质学家，地质学者( geologist的名词复数 ) | |
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77
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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78
rusty
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| adj.生锈的；锈色的；荒废了的 | |
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79
remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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80
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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81
crests
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| v.到达山顶（或浪峰）( crest的第三人称单数 )；到达洪峰，达到顶点 | |
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82
crest
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| n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖 | |
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83
projections
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| 预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物 | |
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84
craters
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| n.火山口( crater的名词复数 )；弹坑等 | |
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85
crater
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| n.火山口，弹坑 | |
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86
rim
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| n.(圆物的)边，轮缘；边界 | |
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87
silicon
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| n.硅(旧名矽) | |
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88
tinged
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| v.（使）发丁丁声( ting的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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89
exquisite
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| adj.精美的；敏锐的；剧烈的，感觉强烈的 | |
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90
carvings
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| n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物 | |
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91
crumbling
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| adj.摇摇欲坠的 | |
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92
rumbling
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| n. 隆隆声, 辘辘声 adj. 隆隆响的 动词rumble的现在分词 | |
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93
ridges
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| n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊 | |
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94
brittle
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| adj.易碎的；脆弱的；冷淡的；(声音)尖利的 | |
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95
perilous
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| adj.危险的，冒险的 | |
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96
scorched
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| 烧焦，烤焦( scorch的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（植物）枯萎，把…晒枯； 高速行驶； 枯焦 | |
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97
rumble
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| n.隆隆声；吵嚷；v.隆隆响；低沉地说 | |
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98
crumbled
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| （把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏 | |
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99
glide
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| n./v.溜，滑行；(时间)消逝 | |
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100
iodine
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| n.碘，碘酒 | |
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101
eruptions
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| n.喷发，爆发( eruption的名词复数 ) | |
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102
colossal
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| adj.异常的，庞大的 | |
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103
apprehension
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| n.理解，领悟；逮捕，拘捕；忧虑 | |
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104
majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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105
concussion
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| n.脑震荡；震动 | |
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106
entreated
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| 恳求，乞求( entreat的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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107
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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108
verge
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| n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临 | |
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109
hurled
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| v.猛投，用力掷( hurl的过去式和过去分词 )；大声叫骂 | |
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110
melancholy
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| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
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111
incur
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| vt.招致，蒙受，遭遇 | |
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112
perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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113
tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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114
noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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115
feats
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| 功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 ) | |
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116
distressing
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| a.使人痛苦的 | |
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117
pall
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| v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕 | |
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118
ozone
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| n.臭氧，新鲜空气 | |
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119
unfamiliar
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| adj.陌生的，不熟悉的 | |
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120
galloping
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| adj. 飞驰的, 急性的 动词gallop的现在分词形式 | |
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121
coma
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| n.昏迷，昏迷状态 | |
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122
fowl
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| n.家禽，鸡，禽肉 | |
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123
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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124
fiscal
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| adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的 | |
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125
hangers
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| n.衣架( hanger的名词复数 )；挂耳 | |
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126
royalty
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| n.皇家，皇族 | |
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127
liking
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| n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢 | |
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128
haphazard
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| adj.无计划的，随意的，杂乱无章的 | |
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129
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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130
dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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131
disporting
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| v.嬉戏，玩乐，自娱( disport的现在分词 ) | |
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132
ERECTED
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| adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立 | |
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133
refreshing
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| adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的 | |
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134
prospectors
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| n.勘探者，探矿者( prospector的名词复数 ) | |
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135
fortified
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| adj. 加强的 | |
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136
ornament
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| v.装饰，美化；n.装饰，装饰物 | |
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137
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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138
restrictions
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| 约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则） | |
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139
procure
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| vt.获得，取得，促成；vi.拉皮条 | |
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140
stony
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| adj.石头的，多石头的，冷酷的，无情的 | |
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141
groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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142
murmurs
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| n.低沉、连续而不清的声音( murmur的名词复数 )；低语声；怨言；嘀咕 | |
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143
lather
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| n.(肥皂水的)泡沫，激动 | |
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144
inconvenient
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| adj.不方便的，令人感到麻烦的 | |
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145
mumbled
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| 含糊地说某事，叽咕，咕哝( mumble的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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146
grumbled
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| 抱怨( grumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 发牢骚； 咕哝； 发哼声 | |
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147
prosaic
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| adj.单调的，无趣的 | |
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148
poetic
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| adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的 | |
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149
solitudes
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| n.独居( solitude的名词复数 )；孤独；荒僻的地方；人迹罕至的地方 | |
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150
pebble
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| n.卵石，小圆石 | |
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