YES, it is strange how little a while at a time a person can be contented1. Only a little while back, when I was riding and suffering, what a heaven this peace, this rest, this sweet serenity2 in this secluded3 shady nook by this purling stream would have seemed, where I could keep perfectly4 comfortable all the time by pouring a dipper of water into my armor now and then; yet already I was getting dissatisfied; partly because I could not light my pipe -- for, although I had long ago started a match factory, I had forgotten to bring matches with me -- and partly because we had nothing to eat. Here was another illustration of the childlike improvidence5 of this age and people. A man in armor always trusted to chance for his food on a journey, and would have been scandalized at the idea of hanging a basket of sandwiches on his spear. There was probably not a knight6 of all the Round Table combination who would not rather have died than been caught carrying such a thing as that on his flagstaff. And yet there could not be anything more sensible. It had been my intention to smuggle7 a couple of sandwiches into my helmet, but I was interrupted in the act, and had to make an excuse and lay them aside, and a dog got them.
Night approached, and with it a storm. The darkness came on fast. We must camp, of course. I found a good shelter for the demoiselle under a rock, and went off and found another for myself. But I was obliged to remain in my armor, because I could not get it off by myself and yet could not allow Alisande to help, because it would have seemed so like undressing before folk. It would not have amounted to that in reality, because I had clothes on underneath8; but the prejudices of one's breeding are not gotten rid of just at a jump, and I knew that when it came to stripping off that bob-tailed iron petticoat I should be embarrassed.
With the storm came a change of weather; and the stronger the wind blew, and the wilder the rain lashed9 around, the colder and colder it got. Pretty soon, various kinds of bugs10 and ants and worms and things began to flock in out of the wet and crawl down inside my armor to get warm; and while some of them behaved well enough, and snuggled up amongst my clothes and got quiet, the majority were of a restless, uncomfortable sort, and never stayed still, but went on prowling and hunting for they did not know what; especially the ants, which went tickling11 along in wearisome procession from one end of me to the other by the hour, and are a kind of creatures which I never wish to sleep with again. It would be my advice to persons situated12 in this way, to not roll or thrash around, because this excites the interest of all the different sorts of animals and makes every last one of them want to turn out and see what is going on, and this makes things worse than they were before, and of course makes you objurgate harder, too, if you can. Still, if one did not roll and thrash around he would die; so perhaps it is as well to do one way as the other; there is no real choice. Even after I was frozen solid I could still distinguish that tickling, just as a corpse13 does when he is taking electric treatment. I said I would never wear armor after this trip.
All those trying hours whilst I was frozen and yet was in a living fire, as you may say, on account of that swarm14 of crawlers, that same unanswerable question kept circling and circling through my tired head: How do people stand this miserable15 armor? How have they managed to stand it all these generations? How can they sleep at night for dreading16 the tortures of next day?
When the morning came at last, I was in a bad enough plight17: seedy, drowsy18, fagged, from want of sleep; weary from thrashing around, famished19 from long fasting; pining for a bath, and to get rid of the animals; and crippled with rheumatism20. And how had it fared with the nobly born, the titled aristocrat21, the Demoiselle Alisande la Carteloise? Why, she was as fresh as a squirrel; she had slept like the dead; and as for a bath, probably neither she nor any other noble in the land had ever had one, and so she was not missing it. Measured by modern standards, they were merely modified savages23, those people. This noble lady showed no impatience25 to get to breakfast -- and that smacks26 of the savage24, too. On their journeys those Britons were used to long fasts, and knew how to bear them; and also how to freight up against probable fasts before starting, after the style of the Indian and the anaconda. As like as not, Sandy was loaded for a three-day stretch.
We were off before sunrise, Sandy riding and I limping along behind. In half an hour we came upon a group of ragged27 poor creatures who had assembled to mend the thing which was regarded as a road. They were as humble28 as animals to me; and when I proposed to breakfast with them, they were so flattered, so overwhelmed by this extraordinary condescension29 of mine that at first they were not able to believe that I was in earnest. My lady put up her scornful lip and withdrew to one side; she said in their hearing that she would as soon think of eating with the other cattle -- a remark which embarrassed these poor devils merely because it referred to them, and not because it insulted or offended them, for it didn't. And yet they were not slaves, not chattels30. By a sarcasm32 of law and phrase they were freemen. Seven-tenths of the free population of the country were of just their class and degree: small "independent" farmers, artisans, etc.; which is to say, they were the nation, the actual Nation; they were about all of it that was useful, or worth saving, or really respect-worthy, and to subtract them would have been to subtract the Nation and leave behind some dregs, some refuse, in the shape of a king, nobility and gentry33, idle, unproductive, acquainted mainly with the arts of wasting and destroying, and of no sort of use or value in any rationally constructed world. And yet, by ingenious contrivance, this gilded34 minority, instead of being in the tail of the procession where it belonged, was marching head up and banners flying, at the other end of it; had elected itself to be the Nation, and these innumerable clams36 had permitted it so long that they had come at last to accept it as a truth; and not only that, but to believe it right and as it should be. The priests had told their fathers and themselves that this ironical37 state of things was ordained38 of God; and so, not reflecting upon how unlike God it would be to amuse himself with sarcasms39, and especially such poor transparent40 ones as this, they had dropped the matt
er there and become respectfully quiet.
The talk of these meek41 people had a strange enough sound in a formerly42 American ear. They were freemen, but they could not leave the estates of their lord or their bishop43 without his permission; they could not prepare their own bread, but must have their corn ground and their bread baked at his mill and his bakery, and pay roundly for the same; they could not sell a piece of their own property without paying him a handsome percentage of the proceeds, nor buy a piece of somebody else's without remembering him in cash for the privilege; they had to harvest his grain for him gratis44, and be ready to come at a moment's notice, leaving their own crop to destruction by the threatened storm; they had to let him plant fruit trees in their fields, and then keep their indignation to themselves when his heedless fruit-gatherers trampled45 the grain around the trees; they had to smother46 their anger when his hunting parties galloped47 through their fields laying waste the result of their patient toil48; they were not allowed to keep doves themselves, and when the swarms49 from my lord's dovecote settled on their crops they must not lose their temper and kill a bird, for awful would the penalty be; when the harvest was at last gathered, then came the procession of robbers to levy50 their blackmail51 upon it: first the Church carted off its fat tenth, then the king's commissioner52 took his twentieth, then my lord's people made a mighty53 inroad upon the remainder; after which, the skinned freeman had liberty to bestow54 the remnant in his barn, in case it was worth the trouble; there were taxes, and taxes, and taxes, and more taxes, and taxes again, and yet other taxes -- upon this free and independent pauper56, but none upon his lord the baron57 or the bishop, none upon the wasteful58 nobility or the all-devouring Church; if the baron would sleep unvexed, the freeman must sit up all night after his day's work and whip the ponds to keep the frogs quiet; if the freeman's daughter -- but no, that last infamy59 of monarchical60 government is unprintable; an
d finally, if the freeman, grown desperate with his tortures, found his life unendurable under such conditions, and sacrificed it and fled to death for mercy and refuge, the gentle Church condemned61 him to eternal fire, the gentle law buried him at midnight at the cross-roads with a stake through his back, and his master the baron or the bishop confiscated63 all his property and turned his widow and his orphans64 out of doors.
And here were these freemen assembled in the early morning to work on their lord the bishop's road three days each -- gratis; every head of a family, and every son of a family, three days each, gratis, and a day or so added for their servants. Why, it was like reading about France and the French, before the ever memorable65 and blessed Revolution, which swept a thousand years of such villany away in one swift tidal-wave of blood -- one: a settlement of that hoary66 debt in the proportion of half a drop of blood for each hogshead of it that had been pressed by slow tortures out of that people in the weary stretch of ten centuries of wrong and shame and misery67 the like of which was not to be mated but in hell. There were two "Reigns68 of Terror," if we would but remember it and consider it; the one wrought70 murder in hot passion, the other in heartless cold blood; the one lasted mere22 months, the other had lasted a thousand years; the one inflicted71 death upon ten thousand persons, the other upon a hundred millions; but our shudders72 are all for the "horrors" of the minor35 Terror, the momentary74 Terror, so to speak; whereas, what is the horror of swift death by the axe55, compared with lifelong death from hunger, cold, insult, cruelty, and heart-break? What is swift death by lightning compared with death by slow fire at the stake? A city cemetery75 could contain the coffins76 filled by that brief Terror which we have all been so diligently77 taught to shiver at and mourn over; but all France could hardly contain the coffins filled by that older and real Terror -- that unspeakably bitter and awful Terror which none of us has been taught to see in its vastness or pity as it deserves.
These poor ostensible78 freemen who were sharing their breakfast and their talk with me, were as full of humble reverence79 for their king and Church and nobility as their worst enemy could desire. There was something pitifully ludicrous about it. I asked them if they supposed a nation of people ever existed, who, with a free vote in every man's hand, would elect that a single family and its descendants should reign69 over it forever, whether gifted or boobies, to the exclusion80 of all other families -- including the voter's; and would also elect that a certain hundred families should be raised to dizzy summits of rank, and clothed on with offensive transmissible glories and privileges to the exclusion of the rest of the nation's families -- INCLUDING HIS OWN.
They all looked unhit, and said they didn't know; that they had never thought about it before, and it hadn't ever occurred to them that a nation could be so situated that every man COULD have a say in the government. I said I had seen one -- and that it would last until it had an Established Church. Again they were all unhit -- at first. But presently one man looked up and asked me to state that proposition again; and state it slowly, so it could soak into his understanding. I did it; and after a little he had the idea, and he brought his fist down and said HE didn't believe a nation where every man had a vote would voluntarily get down in the mud and dirt in any such way; and that to steal from a nation its will and preference must be a crime and the first of all crimes. I said to myself:
"This one's a man. If I were backed by enough of his sort, I would make a strike for the welfare of this country, and try to prove myself its loyalest citizen by making a wholesome81 change in its system of government."
You see my kind of loyalty82 was loyalty to one's country, not to its institutions or its office-holders. The country is the real thing, the substantial thing, the eternal thing; it is the thing to watch over, and care for, and be loyal to; institutions are extraneous83, they are its mere clothing, and clothing can wear out, become ragged, cease to be comfortable, cease to protect the body from winter, disease, and death. To be loyal to rags, to shout for rags, to worship rags, to die for rags -- that is a loyalty of unreason, it is pure animal; it belongs to monarchy84, was invented by monarchy; let monarchy keep it. I was from Connecticut, whose Constitution declares "that all political power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their benefit; and that they have AT ALL TIMES an undeniable and indefeasible right to ALTER THEIR FORM OF GOVERNMENT in such a manner as they may think expedient85."
Under that gospel, the citizen who thinks he sees that the commonwealth's political clothes are worn out, and yet holds his peace and does not agitate86 for a new suit, is disloyal; he is a traitor87. That he may be the only one who thinks he sees this decay, does not excuse him; it is his duty to agitate anyway, and it is the duty of the others to vote him down if they do not see the matter as he does.
And now here I was, in a country where a right to say how the country should be governed was restricted to six persons in each thousand of its population. For the nine hundred and ninety-four to express dissatisfaction with the regnant system and propose to change it, would have made the whole six shudder73 as one man, it would have been so disloyal, so dishonorable, such putrid88 black treason. So to speak, I was become a stockholder in a corporation where nine hundred and ninety-four of the members furnished all the money and did all the work, and the other six elected themselves a permanent board of direction and took all the dividends89. It seemed to me that what the nine hundred and ninety-four dupes needed was a new deal. The thing that would have best suited the circus side of my nature would have been to resign the Boss-ship and get up an insurrection and turn it into a revolution; but I knew that the Jack90 Cade or the Wat Tyler who tries such a thing without first educating his materials up to revolution grade is almost absolutely certain to get left. I had never been accustomed to getting left, even if I do say it myself. Wherefore, the "deal" which had been for some time working into shape in my mind was of a quite different pattern from the Cade-Tyler sort.
So I did not talk blood and insurrection to that man there who sat munching91 black bread with that abused and mistaught herd92 of human sheep, but took him aside and talked matter of another sort to him. After I had finished, I got him to lend me a little ink from his veins93; and with this and a sliver94 I wrote on a piece of bark -
Put him in the Man-factory -
and gave it to him, and said:
"Take it to the palace at Camelot and give it into the hands of Amyas le Poulet, whom I call Clarence, and he will understand."
"He is a priest, then," said the man, and some of the enthusiasm went out of his face.
"How -- a priest? Didn't I tell you that no chattel31 of the Church, no bond-slave of pope or bishop can enter my Man-Factory? Didn't I tell you that YOU couldn't enter unless your religion, whatever it might be, was your own free property?"
"Marry, it is so, and for that I was glad; wherefore it liked me not, and bred in me a cold doubt, to hear of this priest being there."
"But he isn't a priest, I tell you."
The man looked far from satisfied. He said:
"He is not a priest, and yet can read?"
"He is not a priest and yet can read -- yes, and write, too, for that matter. I taught him myself." The man's face cleared. "And it is the first thing that you yourself will be taught in that Factory --"
"I? I would give blood out of my heart to know that art. Why, I will be your slave, your --"
"No you won't, you won't be anybody's slave. Take your family and go along. Your lord the bishop will confiscate62 your small property, but no matter. Clarence will fix you all right."
收听单词发音 |
1
contented
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| adj.满意的，安心的，知足的 | |
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serenity
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| n.宁静，沉着，晴朗 | |
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secluded
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| adj.与世隔绝的；隐退的；偏僻的v.使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词) | |
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perfectly
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| adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地 | |
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improvidence
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| n.目光短浅 | |
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knight
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| n.骑士，武士；爵士 | |
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smuggle
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| vt.私运；vi.走私 | |
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underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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lashed
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| adj.具睫毛的v.鞭打( lash的过去式和过去分词 )；煽动；紧系；怒斥 | |
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bugs
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| adj.疯狂的，发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 )；病菌；虫子；[计算机]（制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的）错误 | |
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tickling
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| 反馈，回授，自旋挠痒法 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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corpse
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| n.尸体，死尸 | |
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swarm
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| n.(昆虫)等一大群；vi.成群飞舞；蜂拥而入 | |
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15
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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dreading
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| v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 ) | |
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plight
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| n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定 | |
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18
drowsy
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| adj.昏昏欲睡的，令人发困的 | |
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famished
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| adj.饥饿的 | |
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rheumatism
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| n.风湿病 | |
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aristocrat
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| n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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savages
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| 未开化的人，野蛮人( savage的名词复数 ) | |
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savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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impatience
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| n.不耐烦，急躁 | |
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smacks
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| 掌掴（声）( smack的名词复数 )； 海洛因； （打的）一拳； 打巴掌 | |
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27
ragged
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| adj.衣衫褴褛的，粗糙的，刺耳的 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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condescension
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| n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人) | |
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30
chattels
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| n.动产，奴隶( chattel的名词复数 ) | |
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chattel
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| n.动产；奴隶 | |
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32
sarcasm
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，嘲弄，反话 （adj.sarcastic） | |
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gentry
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| n.绅士阶级，上层阶级 | |
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gilded
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| a.镀金的，富有的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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36
clams
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| n.蛤；蚌，蛤( clam的名词复数 )v.（在沙滩上）挖蛤( clam的第三人称单数 ) | |
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ironical
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| adj.讽刺的，冷嘲的 | |
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ordained
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| v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定 | |
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sarcasms
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| n.讥讽，讽刺，挖苦( sarcasm的名词复数 ) | |
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transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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41
meek
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| adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的 | |
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42
formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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bishop
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| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
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gratis
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| adj.免费的 | |
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45
trampled
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| 踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯 | |
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46
smother
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| vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死；n.浓烟；窒息 | |
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47
galloped
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| （使马）飞奔，奔驰( gallop的过去式和过去分词 )； 快速做[说]某事 | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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50
levy
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| n.征收税或其他款项，征收额 | |
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blackmail
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| n.讹诈，敲诈，勒索，胁迫，恫吓 | |
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52
commissioner
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| n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员 | |
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mighty
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| adj.强有力的；巨大的 | |
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54
bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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55
axe
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| n.斧子；v.用斧头砍，削减 | |
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56
pauper
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| n.贫民，被救济者，穷人 | |
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57
baron
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| n.男爵；(商业界等)巨头，大王 | |
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58
wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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infamy
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| n.声名狼藉，出丑，恶行 | |
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monarchical
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| adj. 国王的，帝王的，君主的，拥护君主制的 =monarchic | |
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61
condemned
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| adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词 | |
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62
confiscate
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| v.没收(私人财产)，把…充公 | |
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confiscated
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| 没收，充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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orphans
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| 孤儿( orphan的名词复数 ) | |
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memorable
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| adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的 | |
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66
hoary
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| adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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68
reigns
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| n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 )；君主统治时期；任期；当政期 | |
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69
reign
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| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
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70
wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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71
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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72
shudders
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| n.颤动，打颤，战栗( shudder的名词复数 )v.战栗( shudder的第三人称单数 )；发抖；（机器、车辆等）突然震动；颤动 | |
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73
shudder
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| v.战粟，震动，剧烈地摇晃；n.战粟，抖动 | |
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74
momentary
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| adj.片刻的，瞬息的；短暂的 | |
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75
cemetery
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| n.坟墓，墓地，坟场 | |
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76
coffins
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| n.棺材( coffin的名词复数 )；使某人早亡[死，完蛋，垮台等]之物 | |
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77
diligently
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| ad.industriously;carefully | |
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78
ostensible
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| adj.(指理由)表面的，假装的 | |
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79
reverence
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| n.敬畏，尊敬，尊严；Reverence:对某些基督教神职人员的尊称；v.尊敬，敬畏，崇敬 | |
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80
exclusion
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| n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行 | |
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81
wholesome
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| adj.适合；卫生的；有益健康的；显示身心健康的 | |
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82
loyalty
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| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
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83
extraneous
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| adj.体外的；外来的；外部的 | |
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84
monarchy
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| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
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85
expedient
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| adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计 | |
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86
agitate
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| vi.(for,against)煽动，鼓动；vt.搅动 | |
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87
traitor
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| n.叛徒，卖国贼 | |
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88
putrid
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| adj.腐臭的；有毒的；已腐烂的；卑劣的 | |
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89
dividends
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| 红利( dividend的名词复数 )； 股息； 被除数； （足球彩票的）彩金 | |
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90
jack
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| n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克 | |
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91
munching
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| v.用力咀嚼（某物），大嚼( munch的现在分词 ) | |
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92
herd
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| n.兽群，牧群；vt.使集中，把…赶在一起 | |
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93
veins
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| n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理 | |
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94
sliver
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| n.裂片，细片，梳毛；v.纵切，切成长片，剖开 | |
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