I reside within a city of Mars which, in point of population and grandeur1, is one of the first on our planet. In accordance with our custom of designating such places with names of quality, it would be known in your language as the city of Good Will. As it is the type of all others, you are already informed of a few of its general features. I will, however, give you some fuller description of our society and surroundings, in only the hasty and imperfect manner which this opportunity affords.
With much the same feelings and inclinations3 as yours, and with that love and cultivation4 of the beautiful which we have pursued as an element of our religion, uninterrupted as with you by those delusions5 which destroy art, we have advanced much beyond you in that direction.
It is to be noted7, as a coincidence proving the unity2 of all intelligence within the universe, that we have designed an architecture not unlike that of your ancient Greece. Our isolated8 exteriors9, such as villas10 and country residences, bear a close resemblance to some of your ancient[Pg 250] styles. In our cities we have been obliged to conform to the condition of aerial navigation, which has greatly restricted our elevated ornamentation, and forced upon us a system of curves instead of angles in our projections11.
One of the most notable differences between your construction and ours is the material and form of our roofs, which are uniformly of solid glass, and dome12 shaped. The substance is laid on in a plastic state, hardens in a short time, is purely13 transparent14, and as difficult to fracture as stone. The upper story of every house becomes by this method the chief source of light for its interior, and by ingeniously formed horizontal curtains can be darkened at will. We believe this to be one of the most important sanitary15 arrangements we possess, and to which may be chiefly ascribed the health and vigor16 of our bodies. In these bright upper apartments we bathe ourselves in the sun, and enjoy the constant bloom and fragrance17 of flowers.
By a natural adaption, these glass roofs have become inseparably connected with our religious lives. Our interest in the wonderful nightly exhibitions which they permit is increased by the general knowledge we have cultivated of the character and motions of the heavenly[Pg 251] bodies. As a consequence, there are but few among us who cannot describe the paths and directions of the planets; and it is quite safe to say that a majority of our people can compute18 the periods of opposition19 and conjunction between them. No other exhibition so feeds and stimulates20 our religious impulses, as the grand display of divine power in the unceasing motions of the spheres. We bring the spectacle within our households, and dwell with it. It is the altar upon which we worship the great unseen.
Each block of buildings is surmounted21 by a single roof of the transparent character I have described. In this way we have utilized22 all the space for dwelling23 or business purposes, and prevented those unsightly back yards which disfigure the cities of the Earth and lower their sanitary condition. Usually there are no partition walls except in the lower stories, and these lofty upper apartments, especially if over dwellings24, have their flattened25 dome-shaped roofs supported by a series of columns and arches artistically26 wrought27 and decorated, and their interiors adorned28 with growing flower and statuary, so as to furnish a delightful29 resort, convenient to the neighborhood and open to all.
[Pg 252]These extensive halls are a necessity to the social character of our people. You may imagine how an intercourse30 based on perfect equality, and with the paramount31 idea of obtaining pleasure by bestowing33 it, would have its enjoyments34 enlarged by the unrestricted and unselected numbers participating. Music and dancing are delights with us beyond your experience. We enjoy the advantages of atmospheric35 conditions and a degree of gravitating force which are peculiarly adapted to heighten these enjoyments. Our voice tones, seldom without cultivation, acquire an energy and brilliancy in our atmosphere unknown to you. A combination of trained voices with us is so vastly superior to instrumental music, that the latter is not known except as a novelty. Since the force of gravity is less with us our bodies are much lighter36 than yours, and our motions are consequently more airy and graceful37. In movements like dancing there is less muscular energy expended38, and a greater pleasure attained39.
Under these vast transparent domes40, looking out upon the universe of planets and stars, we dance, and sing our hymns41 of praise to the Deity42, asking for nothing, but uniting our voices in the rhythms of poetry and music in[Pg 253] a thanksgiving for the pleasures of life, and for that guidance which has directed us clear of the deadly superstitions44 of our neighboring planet, and for that intelligence which has led us to find our true religious duties in exercising our better impulses within our own fields of action.
Over our business quarters these upper stories, less ornate and well ventilated, serve the purposes of factories and work shops, where the sun’s rays, not so intense as with you, owing to our greater distance from it, are let in to brighten the hours of those who toil45. Among these locations of industry are conditions that would surprise you. There is the indispensable anteroom beside the entrance of each, where, enjoying the comfortable furniture, may be found a number of operatives waiting for the beginning of the three-hour shift. They are all on terms of easy familiarity, yet among them may be found the president of the grand council, who manages the affairs of the city, the lecturer who presides at the temple, and other prominent worthies46 mingled47 with the others who have achieved no honors beyond the work bench. The person who is most complimented among the number is the one who has just been granted an advance of one[Pg 254] grade in the skill of his calling. He has attained what would be an equivalent in your society to the honors of a collegiate degree, with the very material difference in his favor, that for years to come, and perhaps as long as he lives, his income is permanently48 increased by an enhanced value to his labor49. No competition will ever, under our system, render valueless this achievement of his.
Your degrees of learning are but empty honors compared with this profitable distinction. You insure no certain rewards for that acquirement of knowledge which has won its parchment of approval, and the holder50 enjoys only the slim advantage which his certificate secures. His degree wins him no bread, and the honors of his career rest uncertain, with all his struggles ahead. Our workman, at each step of his advancement51, increases his income, under the assurance and protection of our industrial methods, with the certainty and stability of a government pension.
But while we have found it wise to honor and protect manual skill, the physical strength of our people has for many ages been a subject of general attention. Among the productions of the Supreme52 Author which he is engaged in perfecting and beautifying, the first in importance[Pg 255] on your planet is surely man himself, as a being animal as well as mental. As an indolent, weak and passive body is usually associated with a mind of the same character, it is only by the cultivation of both together that society improves. You have evidences enough of the inseparable connection between mental and physical energy, and yet your cultivation of the body has engaged but little attention. It seems to us one of the most serious objections to your religious abstractions, that the spirit of all of them tends to deny or belittle53 the great service of healthy sinews and nerves in the progress of social improvement.
You will find intellectual stagnation54 everywhere upon the face of the Earth, where incentives55 to muscular action are suppressed from whatever cause, and you know by experience that the decay of mental vigor, by a release from the necessity of bodily exercise, has obliged the brawn56 and muscle of your age, in more than one instance, to come to the front in the management of affairs.
Civilization, at a certain degree of its progress, is expected to assume duties which until then, have been faithfully performed by nature alone. Like a good mother she has provided, in your primitive57 state, against[Pg 256] the degeneration of your bodies by the operation of her universal law, the survival of the fittest. In your social betterment you can reasonably be expected to provide for yourselves some substitute to maintain that standard of hardihood and strength which had formerly58 been kept up by your primitive struggles for existence.
Your knowledge of the laws of heredity has enabled you to improve upon the forms and qualities of all those creatures which have been taken from their native wilds to serve your uses; and yet, with a fatal inconsistency, you consign59 your own bodies to a carelessness of procreation which totally ignores all well known methods of improvement. The spectacle is common among you, of the skilled breeder straining his knowledge to remedy defects of form in the lower animals in his possession, while he and his progeny60 exhibit, in their own bodies, without concern or attention, the very same physical infirmities which he had so successfully banished61 in his brutes62 by parental63 selection.
The neglect of your opportunities in this direction is more surprising, when it is considered how greatly you are suffering from it; for although the achievement of a more general perfection of form and strength is invaluable[Pg 257] to you, as laying the foundation of a larger average of mental power and activity, yet this is not more important to your society than the easy and certain eradication64 by judicious65 matings of the most persistent66 and fatal of your diseases. It is appalling67 to estimate the sum of human misery68 perpetually transmitted congenitally in diseased tissues and functional69 defects.
This evil, which has prevailed among you until your bodily ills are almost innumerable, you have been taught to consider as an arrangement of the divine will, and you rest yourselves helplessly in the belief that its endurance without remedy is the penalty of life; when, in fact, it is perpetuated70 chiefly by that over-powering individual selfishness which makes no account of the general good while gratifying sentiments of pleasure, or greed.
I have already drawn71 your observation to that infallible test which marks the progress of social development—the average willingness of attention and sacrifice of individual interests to the common welfare. From our achievements in that direction already described, you may easily imagine that we have not neglected the opportunity to improve and benefit society by the observance of some of nature’s simplest and most easily applied72 laws.
[Pg 258]We are not embarrassed as you would be by protests of an infringement73 of personal liberty, because we have arrived beyond that stage where law and its enforcement are required. Official recommendation supported by a united public opinion, without any penalty for non-compliance except the general condemnation75, is our only resort in directing the conduct of our people. Under such a system, any violation76 of individual rights is impossible. It is enough in our society to determine that a measure is for the common good, to secure its adoption77 without dissent78.
Accordingly, it comes within the province of our Government Health Department to direct, and in some degree supervise, those marital79 engagements out of which our numbers are so constantly replenished80. This important business is closely associated with measures designed in other ways to promote our health, and may be said to begin at the birth of every child. Each infant is carefully examined by medical experts, and registered. Every peculiarity81 or bodily defect is recorded, and rules of management furnished, as remedies, if found necessary. Every person, young or old, is required periodically to pass a like examination. The personal health[Pg 259] register is open to all, and the bodily condition of every inhabitant may be in that way ascertained82. None fail to avail themselves of information so greatly concerning themselves. Incipient83 diseases are in a vast number of cases remedied by this discovery of their unsuspected presence, and the habits of life are often changed in time to head off some latent malady84, which in its early stages, nothing but medical science could reveal.
The system establishes a public record of the physical standing85, either in lurking86 disease or deformity, of every individual; and as it is made the duty of our health department to declare its judgment87 of approval in every marriage contract, we have no transmitted disease or deformities of body running through generations, and multiplying the miseries88 of life, as you have. We have long ago stamped out by this method three-fourths of the diseases which are nourished by the habits of civilization. By this means we have secured a race of men and women so physically89 perfect as to cause existence to be accepted as a grateful patrimony90. You have interrogated91 nature in her laws of development, and in her processes of modification92 both in forms and qualities of things, and with a knowledge so acquired, you have cultivated a world of[Pg 260] animal and vegetable organisms to your better service. We have done that, too; but we have accomplished93 in that line something of incomparably more importance to us, in advancing together by due cultivation and care our animal as well as our intellectual selves.
You cannot fail to discover in this, one of the effects of that striking divergence94 between our civilization and yours, due to widely different interpretations95 of the divine will. We look upon our planet with all its appurtenances as a bequest96 which has been delivered into our keeping for that assistance in progression so plainly the best and most exalted97 business of our lives, and so unmistakably pleasing to the Supreme Author that every degree of its accomplishment98 is rewarded by signs of his favor. From our better demonstrated spiritual belief, we derive99 the inspiration to increase and bestow32 upon each other the best things of life; while you, under religious promptings from the same high source, condemn74 yourselves to abstinence and austerity. You so misconceive the true relations between spiritual and material forces, that instead of regarding each as the nursery and builder-up of the other, you have devised a theory which brings them into antagonism100 as diverse influences; the exercise[Pg 261] of material concerns, as you assume, tending to lead you away from the divinity.
The effect of this mistaken view of life is plainly to be seen in your society and surroundings. Your material progression, deprived of the religious impulse and enthusiasm, and depending wholly upon the lower faculty101 of self-gain, advances by slow degrees, frequently retrogresses, and is not secure of a total relapse under so mercenary a moving power. Your forward movement, instead of being compact and co-operative like ours, drags along fitfully and laboriously102, marshaled alone by a struggling influence here and there, under the dead weight of an indifferent and self absorbed multitude, and in open conflict with a host of disturbed traditions.
Your doctrine103 of the absolute divorce of spiritual and material interests, by wasting your best parts in the service of the world-condemning deity of your imagination, and surrendering your temporal affairs to the sole exercise of your lower sentiments and feelings, has spread its dire6 effects, and may be traced in every phase of your society. Out of it comes that singular disregard for each other in all things except the spiritual, and that perverted104 estimate of goodness, which has consigned105 your science[Pg 262] and learning with their influences, together with your whole world of industry, to places where unassisted and unencouraged they must work out their own doubtfully admitted and tardy106 rewards; while your best enthusiasm and most active morality is led to waste among your many unreasoning schemes of salvation107.
What but this unwarranted dissociation of spirit and matter, of the body and soul, of your physical and intellectual parts, regarding one as the degrading yokemate of the other instead of the counterpart and co-worker, has taken all the heart out of your lives, hidden from you the moral possibilities within your worldly reach, and reduced the only existence you are so far called upon to improve into a dead and useless hibernation108 of your divinest faculties109? What more readily excuses and defends your indifference110 to the hard lines of human labor, and your toleration of a system which dooms111 most of you to perpetual dependence112, than those mossgrown traditions which, from their selected quarters among the supernatural and unseen, are not disturbed or interested by your social wrongs, and which in truth find their best patronage113 and most profitable employment where most prevail the miseries of life? Just in the degree in which you are[Pg 263] already emancipated114 from these barren illusions, does your most humane115 work in social progress appear.
Your inspirations of goodness come to you as they come to us, without the necessity of a revelation. Their encouragement is more faithfully secured by the benign116 influence which rewards their adoption, than those written codes among you which assume, under doubtful motives117, their direction and control. As surely as all the forces of nature may be traced to the heat of the sun, so your impulses of virtue118, your heroism119 of good deeds, and your spiritual hopes, are conveyed to you in a germinal state without any intercepting120 medium, with the first breath of of your bodies; to be improved, enlarged and harvested for the purposes and uses of society.
You turn over the surface of the Earth and gather its fruits, never doubting the superhuman forces in conjunction which reward your labor; and yet your intellectual tillage is left to take its chances among circumscribed121 opportunities which no combined effort has attempted to enlarge. Your progress cannot be otherwise than uncertain and your governments will always be unstable122 in their foundations under your system, which at its best furnishes scarcely one disciplined mind in a hundred, and[Pg 264] the acquirements of that one, too, resulting only from a spontaneous individual impulse, with, in most cases, no higher motives than self-gain and advancement.
Your fields are not wanting in your attentions. You bring profit to yourselves by the thorough tillage of your acres. You multiply by your manipulation under nature’s hints the life-supporting and pleasure-giving properties of the fruits and flowers of the Earth to the extremest blossoming and abundance. And yet in such a state of general crudity123 is your own divine essence of reason and thought, that to this day no superstition43 is too absurd, no sophistry124 too transparent, and no pretended reform too ill digested to take root and flourish, even to the disintegration125 of large patches of your social life. So that while no fault can be found with your progress in the handling of the material agents under your control, the opinion is irresistible126, from our point of view, that you are assiduously cultivating everything but yourselves.
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1
grandeur
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| n.伟大，崇高，宏伟，庄严，豪华 | |
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unity
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| n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调 | |
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inclinations
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| 倾向( inclination的名词复数 )； 倾斜； 爱好； 斜坡 | |
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cultivation
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| n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成 | |
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delusions
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| n.欺骗( delusion的名词复数 )；谬见；错觉；妄想 | |
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dire
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| adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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isolated
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| adj.与世隔绝的 | |
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exteriors
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| n.外面( exterior的名词复数 )；外貌；户外景色图 | |
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villas
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| 别墅，公馆( villa的名词复数 )； （城郊）住宅 | |
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projections
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| 预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物 | |
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dome
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| n.圆屋顶，拱顶 | |
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purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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sanitary
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| adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的 | |
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vigor
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| n.活力，精力，元气 | |
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fragrance
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| n.芬芳，香味，香气 | |
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compute
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| v./n.计算，估计 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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stimulates
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| v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 )；激励；使兴奋；起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用 | |
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surmounted
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| 战胜( surmount的过去式和过去分词 )； 克服（困难）； 居于…之上； 在…顶上 | |
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utilized
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| v.利用，使用( utilize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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dwelling
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| n.住宅，住所，寓所 | |
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dwellings
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| n.住处，处所( dwelling的名词复数 ) | |
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flattened
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| [医]（水）平扁的，弄平的 | |
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artistically
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| adv.艺术性地 | |
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wrought
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| v.引起；以…原料制作；运转；adj.制造的 | |
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adorned
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| [计]被修饰的 | |
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delightful
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| adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的 | |
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intercourse
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| n.性交；交流，交往，交际 | |
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paramount
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| a.最重要的，最高权力的 | |
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bestow
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| v.把…赠与，把…授予；花费 | |
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bestowing
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| 砖窑中砖堆上层已烧透的砖 | |
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enjoyments
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| 愉快( enjoyment的名词复数 )； 令人愉快的事物； 享有； 享受 | |
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atmospheric
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| adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的 | |
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lighter
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| n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级 | |
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graceful
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| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
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expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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attained
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| （通常经过努力）实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 )； 达到； 获得； 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） | |
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domes
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| n.圆屋顶( dome的名词复数 )；像圆屋顶一样的东西；圆顶体育场 | |
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hymns
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| n.赞美诗，圣歌，颂歌( hymn的名词复数 ) | |
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deity
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| n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物) | |
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superstition
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| n.迷信，迷信行为 | |
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superstitions
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| 迷信，迷信行为( superstition的名词复数 ) | |
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toil
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| vi.辛劳工作，艰难地行动；n.苦工，难事 | |
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worthies
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| 应得某事物( worthy的名词复数 )； 值得做某事； 可尊敬的； 有（某人或事物）的典型特征 | |
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mingled
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| 混合，混入( mingle的过去式和过去分词 )； 混进，与…交往[联系] | |
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permanently
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| adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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50
holder
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| n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物 | |
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51
advancement
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| n.前进，促进，提升 | |
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52
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
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53
belittle
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| v.轻视，小看，贬低 | |
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stagnation
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| n. 停滞 | |
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incentives
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| 激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机 | |
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brawn
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| n.体力 | |
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57
primitive
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| adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物 | |
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formerly
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| adv.从前，以前 | |
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59
consign
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| vt.寄售（货品），托运，交托，委托 | |
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progeny
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| n.后代，子孙；结果 | |
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61
banished
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| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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brutes
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| 兽( brute的名词复数 )； 畜生； 残酷无情的人； 兽性 | |
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parental
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| adj.父母的；父的；母的 | |
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64
eradication
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| n.根除 | |
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65
judicious
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| adj.明智的，明断的，能作出明智决定的 | |
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66
persistent
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| adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的 | |
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appalling
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| adj.骇人听闻的，令人震惊的，可怕的 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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functional
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| adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的 | |
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perpetuated
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| vt.使永存（perpetuate的过去式与过去分词形式） | |
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drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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infringement
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| n.违反；侵权 | |
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condemn
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| vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑 | |
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condemnation
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| n.谴责; 定罪 | |
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violation
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| n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯 | |
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adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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dissent
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| n./v.不同意，持异议 | |
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marital
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| adj.婚姻的，夫妻的 | |
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replenished
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| 补充( replenish的过去式和过去分词 )； 重新装满 | |
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peculiarity
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| n.独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖 | |
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ascertained
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| v.弄清，确定，查明( ascertain的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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incipient
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| adj.起初的，发端的，初期的 | |
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malady
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| n.病，疾病(通常做比喻) | |
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standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 | |
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lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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88
miseries
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| n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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patrimony
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| n.世袭财产，继承物 | |
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interrogated
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| v.询问( interrogate的过去式和过去分词 )；审问；（在计算机或其他机器上）查询 | |
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modification
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| n.修改，改进，缓和，减轻 | |
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accomplished
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| adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的 | |
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divergence
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| n.分歧，岔开 | |
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interpretations
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| n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 )；表演；演绎；理解 | |
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bequest
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| n.遗赠；遗产，遗物 | |
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exalted
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| adj.(地位等)高的，崇高的；尊贵的，高尚的 | |
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accomplishment
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| n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能 | |
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derive
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| v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自 | |
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antagonism
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| n.对抗，敌对，对立 | |
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faculty
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| n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员 | |
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laboriously
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| adv.艰苦地；费力地；辛勤地；（文体等）佶屈聱牙地 | |
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doctrine
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| n.教义；主义；学说 | |
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perverted
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| adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落 | |
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consigned
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| v.把…置于（令人不快的境地）( consign的过去式和过去分词 )；把…托付给；把…托人代售；丟弃 | |
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tardy
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| adj.缓慢的，迟缓的 | |
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107
salvation
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| n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困 | |
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hibernation
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| n.冬眠 | |
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faculties
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| n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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dooms
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| v.注定( doom的第三人称单数 )；判定；使…的失败（或灭亡、毁灭、坏结局）成为必然；宣判 | |
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dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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113
patronage
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| n.赞助，支援，援助；光顾，捧场 | |
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emancipated
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| adj.被解放的，不受约束的v.解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚）( emancipate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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115
humane
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| adj.人道的，富有同情心的 | |
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benign
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| adj.善良的，慈祥的；良性的，无危险的 | |
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motives
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| n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 ) | |
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virtue
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| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
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119
heroism
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| n.大无畏精神，英勇 | |
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120
intercepting
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| 截取（技术），截接 | |
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121
circumscribed
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| adj.[医]局限的：受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；划定…范围；限制；限定 | |
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122
unstable
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| adj.不稳定的，易变的 | |
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123
crudity
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| n.粗糙，生硬；adj.粗略的 | |
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124
sophistry
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| n.诡辩 | |
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125
disintegration
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| n.分散，解体 | |
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126
irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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