The decisive battle of Hohenfriedberg, by which victory Frederick probably escaped utter destruction, was fought on the 4th of June, 1745. From early dawn to the evening twilight5 of the long summer’s day the dreadful work of slaughter6 had continued without a moment’s intermission. As the Austrians, having lost nearly one fourth of their number, retreated, the Prussians, in utter exhaustion7, threw themselves upon the ground for sleep. The field around them was covered with fourteen thousand of the wounded, the dying, and the dead.
Early the next morning Frederick commenced the vigorous pursuit of the retiring foe8. A storm arose. For twelve hours the rain fell in torrents9. But the Prussian army was impelled10 onward11, through the mud, and through the swollen12 streams, inspired by the almost supernatural energy which glowed in the bosom13 of its king. It seemed as if no hardships, sufferings, or perils14 could induce those iron men, who by discipline had been converted into mere16 machines, to wander from the ranks or to falter17 on the way. As we have mentioned, there were throughout all this region two religious parties, the Catholics and the Protestants. They were strongly antagonistic18 to each other. Under the Austrian sway, the Catholics, having the support of the government, had enjoyed unquestioned supremacy19. They had often very cruelly persecuted20 the Protestants, robbing them of their churches, and, in their zeal21 to defend what they deemed the orthodox faith, depriving them of their children, and placing them under the care of the Catholic priests to be educated.
“While the battle of Hohenfriedberg was raging,” writes an eye-witness, “as far as the cannon22 was heard all around, the353 Protestants fell on their knees praying for victory for the Prussians.” Indescribable was the exultation23 when the bugle24 peals25 of the Prussian trumpeters announced to them a Protestant victory. When Frederick approached, in his pursuit, the important town of Landshut, the following incident occurred, as described by the pen of his Prussian majesty26:
“Upon reaching the neighborhood of Landshut, the king was surrounded by a troop of two thousand Protestant peasants. They begged permission of him to massacre27 the Catholics of those parts, and clear the country of them altogether. This animosity arose from the persecutions which the Protestants had suffered during the Austrian domination.
“The king was very far from granting so barbarous a permission. He told them they ought rather to conform to the precepts28 of Scripture29, and to ‘bless those that curse them, and pray for those that despitefully use them.’ Such, the king assured them, was the way to gain the kingdom of heaven. The peasants, after a little reflection, declared that his majesty was right, and desisted from their cruel intention.”82
For several weeks the Austrians slowly and sullenly31 retired32. Their retreat was conducted in two immense columns, by parallel roads at some distance from each other. Their wings of foragers and skirmishers were widely extended, so that the hungry army swept with desolation a breadth of country reaching out many leagues. Though the Austrian army was traversing the friendly territory of Bohemia, still Prince Charles was anxious to leave behind him no resources for Frederick to glean33. Frederick, with his army, pressed along, following the wide-spread trail of his foes34. The Austrians, with great skill, selected every commanding position on which to erect35 their batteries, and hurl36 back a storm of shot and shell into the bosoms37 of their pursuers. But Frederick allowed them no rest by day or by night. His solid columns so unremittingly and so impetuously pressed with shot, bullets, bayonet, and sabre-blows upon the rear ranks of the foe that there was almost an incessant38 battle, continuing for several weeks, crimsoning39 a path thirty miles wide and more than a hundred miles in length with the blood of the wounded and the slain40.
354
THE RETREAT OF THE AUSTRIANS.
The region through which this retreat and pursuit were conducted was much of the way along the southern slope of the Giant Mountains. It was a wild country of precipitous rocks, quagmires41, and gloomy forests. At length Prince Charles, with his defeated and dispirited army, took refuge at K?nigsgraft, a compact town between the Elbe and the Adler, protected by one stream on the west, and by the other on the south. Here, in an impregnable position, he intrenched his troops. Frederick, finding them unassailable, encamped his forces in a position almost equally impregnable, a few miles west of the Elbe, in the vicinity of a little village called Chlum. Thus the two hostile armies, almost within sound of each other’s bugles43, defiantly44 stood in battle array, each watching an opportunity to strike a blow.
355 “War is cruelty,” said General Sherman; “and you can not refine it.” “No man of refined Christian45 sensibilities,” said the Duke of Wellington, “should undertake the profession of a soldier.” The exigencies46 of war often require things to be done from which humanity revolts. “War,” said Napoleon I., “is the science of barbarians47.” One of the principal objects of Frederick in this pursuit of the Austrians through Bohemia was to lay waste the country so utterly48, destroying its roads and consuming its provisions, that no Austrian army could again pass through it for the invasion of Silesia. Who can imagine the amount of woe49 thus inflicted50 upon the innocent peasants of Bohemia? Both armies were reduced to the necessity of living mainly upon the resources of the country in which they were encamped. Their foraging51 parties were scattered52 in all directions. There were frequent attacks of outposts and bloody53 skirmishes, in which many were slain and many were crippled for life. Each death, each wound, sent tears, and often life-long woe, to some humble54 cottage.
There are sometimes great and glorious objects to be attained—objects which elevate and ennoble a nation or a race—which warrant the expenditure55 of almost any amount of temporary suffering. It is not the duty of the millions to suffer the proud and haughty56 hundreds to consign57 them to ignorance and trample58 them in the dust. In this wicked world, where kings and nobles have ever been so ready to doom59 the masses of the people to ignorance, servitude, and want, human rights have almost never made any advances but through the energies of the sword. Many illustrious generals, who, with saddened hearts, have led their armies over fields of blood, have been among the most devoted60 friends and ornaments61 of humanity. Their names have been enshrined in the affections of grateful millions.
But this war, into which the Prussian king had so recklessly plunged62 all Europe, was purely63 a war of personal ambition. Even Frederick did not pretend that it involved any question of human rights. Unblushingly he avowed64 that he drew his sword and led his hundred thousand peasant-boys upon their dreadful career of carnage and misery65 simply that he might enlarge his territories, gain renown66 as a conqueror67, and make the world talk about him. It must be a fearful thing to go to the356 judgment68 seat of Christ with such a crime weighing upon the soul.
War has its jokes and merriment, but the comedies of war are often more dreadful than the tragedies of peace. Frederick, in his works, records the following incident, which he narrates69 as “slight pleasantry, to relieve the reader’s mind:”83
The Prussians had a detached post at Smirzitz. The little garrison70 there was much harassed71 by lurking72 bands of Austrians, who shot their sentries73, cut off their supplies, and rendered it almost certain death to any one who ventured to emerge from the ramparts. Some inventive genius among the Prussians constructed a straw man, very like life, representing a sentinel with his shouldered musket74. By a series of ropes this effigy75 was made to move from right to left, as if walking his beat. A well-armed band of Prussians then hid in a thicket76 near by.
Ere long a company of Austrian scouts77 approached. From a distance they eyed the sentinel, moving to and fro as he guarded his post. A sharp-shooter crept near, and, taking deliberate aim at his supposed victim, fired. A twitch78 upon the rope caused the image to fall flat. The whole band of Austrians, with a shout, rushed to the spot. The Prussians, from their ambuscade, opened upon them a deadly fire of bullets. Then, as the ground was covered with the mutilated and the dead, the Prussians, causing the welkin to ring with their peals of laughter, rushed with fixed79 bayonets upon their entrapped80 foes. Not a single Austrian had escaped being struck by a bullet. Those who were not killed outright81 were wounded, and were taken captive. This is one of the “slight pleasantries” of war.
Frederick’s army was now in a state of great destitution82. The region around was so stripped of its resources that it could afford his foragers no more supplies. It was difficult for him to fill his baggage-trains even in Silesia, so much had that country been devastated83 by war; and wherever any of his supply wagons84 appeared, swarms85 of Austrian dragoons hovered86 around, attacking and destroying them. To add to the embarrassments of the Prussian king, his purse was empty. His subjects could endure no heavier taxation87. All the plate which Frederick William had accumulated had been converted into coin and expended88.357 Even the massive silver balustrades, which were reserved until a time of need, were melted and gone. He knew not where to look for a loan. All the nations were involved in ruinous war. All wished to borrow. None but England had money to lend; and England was fighting Frederick, and furnishing supplies for his foes.
A SLIGHT PLEASANTRY.
The expenses of the war were enormous. Frederick made a careful estimate, and found that he required at least three hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars a month. He could not carry on another campaign with less than four million five hundred thousand dollars. He had been expecting that Louis XV., who in person was in command of the French army on the Rhine, would send him a re-enforcement of sixty thousand troops to enable him to crush the forces of Prince Charles. But week after358 week passed, and no re-enforcements came. The French, intent upon their conquest, were as selfishly pursuing their own interests on the Rhine as Frederick was pursuing his in Silesia.
The great victory of Fontenoy, gained by the French on the Rhine, caused boundless89 exultation throughout France. “The French,” writes Carlyle, “made immense explosions of rejoicing over this victory; Voltaire celebrating it in prose and verse to an amazing degree; the whole nation blazing out over it into illuminations, arcs of triumph, and universal three times three; in short, I think nearly the heartiest90 national huzza, loud, deep, long-drawn, that the nation ever gave in like case.”
But this victory on the Rhine was of no avail to Frederick in Bohemia. It did not diminish the hosts which Prince Charles was gathering91 against him. It did not add a soldier to his diminished columns, or supply his exhausted92 magazines, or replenish93 his empty treasury94. Louis XV. was so delighted with the victory that he supposed Frederick would be in sympathy with him. He immediately dispatched a courier to the Prussian king with the glad tidings. But Frederick, disappointed, embarrassed, chagrined96, instead of being gratified, was irritated by the news. He sent back the scornful reply “that a victory upon the Scamander,84 or in the heart of China, would have been just as important to him.”
Louis XV. felt insulted by this message, and responded in a similar strain of irritation97. Thus the two monarchs99 were alienated100 from each other. Indeed, Frederick had almost as much cause to be dissatisfied with the French as they had to be dissatisfied with him. Each of the monarchs was ready to sacrifice the other if any thing was to be gained thereby101.
Frederick was now in such deep pecuniary embarrassment3 that he was compelled to humble himself so far as to apply to the King of France for money. “If your majesty,” he wrote, “can not furnish me with any re-enforcements, you must, at least, send me funds to raise additional troops. The smallest possible sum which will enable me to maintain my position here is three million dollars.”
Louis XV. wrote a very unsatisfactory letter in reply. He stated, with many apologies, that his funds were terribly low,359 that he was exceedingly embarrassed, that it was impossible to send the sum required, but that he would try to furnish him with a hundred thousand dollars a month.
Frederick was indignant. Scornfully he rejected the proposal, saying, “Such a paltry102 sum might with propriety103, perhaps, be offered to a petty duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, but it is not suitable to make such a proposition to the King of Prussia.”
Poor Valori, the French embassador, was placed in a very embarrassing situation. The anger of the Prussian king vented105 itself upon him. He was in complete disgrace. It was his duty daily to wait upon Frederick. But the king would seldom speak to him, or even look upon him; and if he did favor him with a glance, it was with an expression of scorn.
Frederick was rapidly awaking to the consciousness that Maria Theresa, whom he had despised as a woman, and a young wife and mother, and whose territory he thought he could dismember with impunity106, was fully30 his equal, not only in ability to raise and direct armies, but also in diplomatic intrigue107. About the middle of August he perceived from his camp in Chlum that Prince Charles was receiving large re-enforcements from the south. At the same time, he saw that corps108 after corps, principally of Saxon troops, were defiling109 away by circuitous110 roads to the north. It was soon evident that the heroic Maria Theresa was preparing to send an army into the very heart of Prussia to attack its capital. This was, indeed, changing the aspect of the war.
Berlin was almost defenseless. All Saxony was rising in arms behind Frederick. The invader111 of Silesia was in danger of having his own realms invaded and his own capital sacked. Frederick was thoroughly112 roused. But he never allowed himself to appear agitated113 or anxious. He ordered Leopold, the Old Dessauer, to march immediately, with all the troops he could rally, to the frontiers of Saxony. He even found it necessary to detach to the aid of Leopold some corps from his own enfeebled forces, now menaced by an Austrian army twice as large as he could oppose to them.
While affairs were in this posture114, the English, eager to crush their hereditary115 rivals, the French, were very anxious to detach the Prussians from the French alliance. The only way to do360 this was to induce Maria Theresa to offer terms of peace such as Frederick would accept. They sent Sir Thomas Robinson to Sch?nbrunn to endeavor to accomplish this purpose. He had an interview with her Hungarian majesty on the 2d of August, 1745. The queen was very dignified116 and reticent117. Silently she listened to the proposals of Sir Thomas. She then said, with firmness which left no room for further argument,
“It would be easier for me to make peace with France than with Prussia. What good could possibly result now from peace with Prussia? I must have Silesia again. Without Silesia the imperial sceptre would be but a bauble118. Would you have us sway that sceptre under the guardianship119 of Prussia? Prince Charles is now in a condition to fight the Prussians again. Until after another battle, do not speak to me of peace. You say that if we make peace with Prussia, Frederick will give his vote for the grand-duke as emperor. The grand-duke is not so ambitious of an empty honor as to engage in it under the tutelage of Prussia. Consider, moreover, is the imperial dignity consistent with the loss of Silesia? One more battle I demand. Were I compelled to agree with Frederick to-morrow, I would try him in a battle to-night.”85
On the 13th of September the German Diet met at Frankfort for the election of emperor. Frederick had determined120 that the Grand-duke Francis, husband of the Hungarian queen, should not be elected. Maria Theresa had outgeneraled him. Francis was elected. He had seven out of nine of the electoral votes. Frederick, thus baffled, could only protest. Maria Theresa was conscious of her triumph. Though the imperial crown was placed upon the brow of Francis, all Europe knew that the sceptre was in the hands of his far more able and efficient wife. Maria Theresa was at Frankfort at the time of the election. She could not conceal121 her exultation. She seemed very willing to have it understood that her amiable122 husband was but the instrument of her will. She took the title of empress queen, and assumed a very lofty carriage toward the princes of the empire. Alluding123 to Frederick, she said, in a very imperial tone, for she deemed him now virtually vanquished124,
“His Prussian majesty has unquestionably talent, but what361 a character! He is frivolous125 in the extreme, and sadly a heretic in his religious views. He is a dishonorable man, and what a neighbor he has been! As to Silesia, I would as soon part with my last garment as part with it.”
Her majesty now wrote to Prince Charles, urging him to engage immediately in a fight with Frederick. She sent two of the highest dignitaries of the court to K?niggr?tz to press forward immediate95 action. There was an eminence126 near by, which the Austrian officers daily ascended127, and from which they could look directly into the Prussian camp and observe all that was transpiring128 there.
The position of Frederick became daily more embarrassing. His forces were continually decreasing. Re-enforcements were swelling129 the ranks of the Austrians. Elated in becoming the Imperial Army, they grew more bold and annoying, assailing130 the Prussian outposts and cutting off their supplies.
On the 18th of September, when the rejoicing Austrians at K?niggr?tz were firing salutes131, drinking wine, and feasting in honor of the election of the grand-duke to the imperial dignity, Frederick, availing himself of the carousal132 in the camp of his foes, crossed the Elbe with his whole army, a few miles above K?niggr?tz, and commenced his retreat to Silesia. His path led through a wild, sparsely133 inhabited country, of precipitous rocks, hills, mountain torrents, and quagmires. One vast forest spread along the banks of the Elbe, covering with its gloom an extent of sixty square miles. A few miserable134 hamlets were scattered over this desolate135 region. The poor inhabitants lived mainly upon the rye which they raised and the swine which ranged the forest.
Along the eastern edge of this vast wilderness136 the army of Frederick marched for two days. But Hungarian Pandours in swarms, savage137 men on their fleet and shaggy horses, were continually emerging from the paths of the forest, with gleaming sabres and shrill138 war-cries, assailing the flank of the Prussian line wherever there was the slightest exposure. In the vicinity of the little village of Sohr the king encamped for two days. The halt seemed necessary to refresh his horses, and to send out foraging parties to replenish his stores. But the light horsemen of the foe were so thick around him, so vigilant139, and so bold,362 that no baggage train could enter his camp unless protected by eight thousand foot and three thousand horse.
Just at the break of day of Thursday morning, September 30, as the king was in his tent, busy with his generals, examining maps in preparation for the immediate resumption of the march, an orderly came, in breathless haste, to inform the king that the Austrians were advancing rapidly upon him, and in great force. While he was yet speaking another messenger arrived, confirming the tidings, and stating that, apparently140, the whole Austrian army, in battle array, was coming down upon him.
It was a cold, dreary141 autumnal morning. The Austrian army, according to Frederick’s statement, amounted to sixty thousand men.86 But it was widely dispersed142. Many of the cavalry143 were scouring144 the country in all directions, in foraging parties and as skirmishers. Large bodies had been sent by circuitous roads to occupy every avenue of retreat. The consolidated145 army, under Prince Charles, now advancing to the attack, amounted to thirty-six thousand men. Frederick had but twenty-six thousand.87
In this hour of peril15 the genius of the Prussian monarch98 was remarkably146 developed. He manifested not the slightest agitation147 or alarm. His plan was immediately formed. Indeed, there was no time for a moment’s delay. The Austrians had moved rapidly and silently, concealing148 their approach by a thick veil of hussars. They were already in solid columns, confident of victory, advancing upon the Prussian camp. Frederick was compelled to form his line of battle under fire of the Austrian batteries. The discipline of the Prussians was such that this was done with a recklessness of danger, rapidity, and mechanical precision which seemed almost miraculous149, and which elicited150 the admiration151 of every one who beheld152 it.
The reader would not be interested in the details of the battle which ensued. It lasted for five hours. It was, as is every battle, an indescribable scene of tumult153, uproar154, and confusion. The result was long doubtful. Defeat to Frederick would have been utter ruin. It is wonderful how one determined man can infuse his spirit into a whole host. Every Prussian seemed to363 have the same desperate valor104, and determination to conquer or to die, which animated155 his king.
The sun had just risen above the horizon when the conflict commenced. It reached its meridian156. Still the storm of battle swept the plains and reverberated157 over the hills. Heights had been taken and retaken; charges had been made and repelled158; the surges of victory had rolled to and fro; over many leagues the thunderbolts of battle were thickly flying; bugle peals, cries of onset159, shrieks160 of the wounded crushed beneath artillery161 wheels, blended with the rattle162 of musketry and the roar of artillery; riderless horses were flying in all directions; the extended plain was covered with the wreck163 and ruin of battle, and every moment was multiplying the victims of war’s horrid164 butchery.
At length the Austrians were routed—utterly routed—broken, dispersed, and driven in wild confusion into the glooms of the forest. The victory of Frederick was complete. As a warrior165, he was winning the title he so greatly coveted166, of Frederick the Great.
It was a glorious victory. What was the price? Five thousand six hundred Prussian young men lay in their blood upon the field, dead or wounded. Six thousand seven hundred young men from Austrian homes lay by their side, silent in death, or groaning167 in anguish168, lacerated by the missiles of war.
Frederick was elated with his victory. He had taken three thousand three hundred prisoners, twenty-one cannon, and twenty-two standards. He had added to the renown of his name, and strengthened his hold upon Silesia.
Prince Charles, as he was leading the main body of his army to the assault, sent a squadron of his fleet-footed cavalry to burn the Prussian camp, and to assail42 the foe in their rear. But the troops found the camp so rich in treasure that they could not resist the temptation of stopping to plunder169. Thus they did not make the attack which had been ordered, and which would probably have resulted in the destruction of the Prussian army. It is said that when Frederick, in the heat of the battle, was informed that the Pandours were sacking his camp, he coolly replied, “So much the better; they will not then interrupt us.”
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1
antagonism
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| n.对抗，敌对，对立 | |
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pecuniary
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| adj.金钱的；金钱上的 | |
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embarrassment
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| n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫 | |
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embarrassments
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| n.尴尬( embarrassment的名词复数 )；难堪；局促不安；令人难堪或耻辱的事 | |
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twilight
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| n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期 | |
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slaughter
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| n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀 | |
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7
exhaustion
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| n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述 | |
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foe
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| n.敌人，仇敌 | |
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torrents
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| n.倾注；奔流( torrent的名词复数 )；急流；爆发；连续不断 | |
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10
impelled
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| v.推动、推进或敦促某人做某事( impel的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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onward
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| adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先 | |
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swollen
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| adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀 | |
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bosom
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| n.胸，胸部；胸怀；内心；adj.亲密的 | |
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perils
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| 极大危险( peril的名词复数 )； 危险的事（或环境） | |
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peril
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| n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物 | |
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mere
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| adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过 | |
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falter
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| vi.(嗓音)颤抖，结巴地说；犹豫；蹒跚 | |
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antagonistic
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| adj.敌对的 | |
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supremacy
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| n.至上；至高权力 | |
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persecuted
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| （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人 | |
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zeal
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| n.热心，热情，热忱 | |
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cannon
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| n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮 | |
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exultation
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| n.狂喜，得意 | |
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bugle
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| n.军号，号角，喇叭；v.吹号，吹号召集 | |
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peals
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| n.（声音大而持续或重复的）洪亮的响声( peal的名词复数 )；隆隆声；洪亮的钟声；钟乐v.（使）（钟等）鸣响，（雷等）发出隆隆声( peal的第三人称单数 ) | |
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majesty
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| n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权 | |
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massacre
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| n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀 | |
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precepts
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| n.规诫，戒律，箴言( precept的名词复数 ) | |
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scripture
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| n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段 | |
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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sullenly
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| 不高兴地，绷着脸，忧郁地 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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glean
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| v.收集(消息、资料、情报等) | |
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foes
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| 敌人，仇敌( foe的名词复数 ) | |
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erect
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| n./v.树立，建立，使竖立；adj.直立的，垂直的 | |
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hurl
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| vt.猛投，力掷，声叫骂 | |
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bosoms
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| 胸部( bosom的名词复数 )； 胸怀； 女衣胸部（或胸襟）； 和爱护自己的人在一起的情形 | |
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38
incessant
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| adj.不停的，连续的 | |
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crimsoning
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| 变为深红色（crimson的现在分词形式） | |
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slain
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| 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 )； (slay的过去分词) | |
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quagmires
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| n.沼泽地，泥潭( quagmire的名词复数 ) | |
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42
assail
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| v.猛烈攻击，抨击，痛斥 | |
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43
bugles
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| 妙脆角，一种类似薯片但做成尖角或喇叭状的零食； 号角( bugle的名词复数 )； 喇叭； 匍匐筋骨草； （装饰女服用的）柱状玻璃（或塑料）小珠 | |
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44
defiantly
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| adv.挑战地，大胆对抗地 | |
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45
Christian
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| adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒 | |
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46
exigencies
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| n.急切需要 | |
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47
barbarians
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| n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人 | |
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48
utterly
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| adv.完全地，绝对地 | |
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49
woe
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| n.悲哀，苦痛，不幸，困难；int.用来表达悲伤或惊慌 | |
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50
inflicted
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| 把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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51
foraging
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| v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的现在分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西） | |
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52
scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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53
bloody
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| adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染 | |
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54
humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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55
expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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56
haughty
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| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
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57
consign
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| vt.寄售（货品），托运，交托，委托 | |
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58
trample
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| vt.踩，践踏；无视，伤害，侵犯 | |
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59
doom
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| n.厄运，劫数；v.注定，命定 | |
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60
devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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61
ornaments
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| n.装饰( ornament的名词复数 )；点缀；装饰品；首饰v.装饰，点缀，美化( ornament的第三人称单数 ) | |
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62
plunged
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| v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降 | |
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63
purely
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| adv.纯粹地，完全地 | |
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64
avowed
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| adj.公开声明的，承认的v.公开声明，承认( avow的过去式和过去分词) | |
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65
misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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66
renown
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| n.声誉，名望 | |
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67
conqueror
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| n.征服者，胜利者 | |
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68
judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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69
narrates
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| v.故事( narrate的第三人称单数 ) | |
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70
garrison
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| n.卫戍部队；驻地，卫戍区；vt.派(兵)驻防 | |
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71
harassed
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| adj. 疲倦的，厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词 | |
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72
lurking
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| 潜在 | |
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73
sentries
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| 哨兵，步兵( sentry的名词复数 ) | |
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74
musket
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| n.滑膛枪 | |
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75
effigy
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| n.肖像 | |
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76
thicket
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| n.灌木丛，树林 | |
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77
scouts
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|
| 侦察员[机，舰]( scout的名词复数 )； 童子军； 搜索； 童子军成员 | |
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78
twitch
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|
| v.急拉，抽动，痉挛，抽搐；n.扯，阵痛，痉挛 | |
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79
fixed
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| adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的 | |
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80
entrapped
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| v.使陷入圈套，使入陷阱( entrap的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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81
outright
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| adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的 | |
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82
destitution
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|
| n.穷困，缺乏，贫穷 | |
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83
devastated
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|
| v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的 | |
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84
wagons
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|
| n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车 | |
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85
swarms
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| 蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 ) | |
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86
hovered
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| 鸟( hover的过去式和过去分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫 | |
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87
taxation
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| n.征税，税收，税金 | |
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88
expended
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| v.花费( expend的过去式和过去分词 )；使用（钱等）做某事；用光；耗尽 | |
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89
boundless
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|
| adj.无限的；无边无际的；巨大的 | |
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90
heartiest
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|
| 亲切的( hearty的最高级 )； 热诚的； 健壮的； 精神饱满的 | |
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91
gathering
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| n.集会，聚会，聚集 | |
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92
exhausted
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|
| adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的 | |
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93
replenish
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|
| vt.补充；(把…)装满；(再)填满 | |
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94
treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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95
immediate
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|
| adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的 | |
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96
chagrined
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|
| adj.懊恼的，苦恼的v.使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨( chagrin的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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97
irritation
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|
| n.激怒，恼怒，生气 | |
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98
monarch
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| n.帝王，君主，最高统治者 | |
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99
monarchs
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| 君主，帝王( monarch的名词复数 ) | |
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100
alienated
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|
| adj.感到孤独的，不合群的v.使疏远( alienate的过去式和过去分词 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等） | |
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101
thereby
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| adv.因此，从而 | |
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102
paltry
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| adj.无价值的，微不足道的 | |
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103
propriety
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| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
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104
valor
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| n.勇气，英勇 | |
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105
vented
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| 表达，发泄（感情，尤指愤怒）( vent的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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106
impunity
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| n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除 | |
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107
intrigue
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| vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋 | |
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108
corps
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| n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组 | |
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109
defiling
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| v.玷污( defile的现在分词 )；污染；弄脏；纵列行进 | |
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110
circuitous
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|
| adj.迂回的路的，迂曲的，绕行的 | |
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111
invader
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| n.侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者 | |
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112
thoroughly
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| adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地 | |
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113
agitated
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| adj.被鼓动的，不安的 | |
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114
posture
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| n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势 | |
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115
hereditary
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|
| adj.遗传的，遗传性的，可继承的，世袭的 | |
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116
dignified
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| a.可敬的，高贵的 | |
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117
reticent
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|
| adj.沉默寡言的；言不如意的 | |
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118
bauble
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| n.美观而无价值的饰物 | |
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119
guardianship
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| n. 监护, 保护, 守护 | |
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120
determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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121
conceal
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 | |
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122
amiable
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| adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的 | |
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123
alluding
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| 提及，暗指( allude的现在分词 ) | |
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124
vanquished
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| v.征服( vanquish的过去式和过去分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制 | |
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125
frivolous
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| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
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126
eminence
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| n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家 | |
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127
ascended
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| v.上升，攀登( ascend的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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128
transpiring
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| （事实，秘密等）被人知道( transpire的现在分词 )； 泄露； 显露； 发生 | |
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129
swelling
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| n.肿胀 | |
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130
assailing
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| v.攻击( assail的现在分词 )；困扰；质问；毅然应对 | |
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131
salutes
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| n.致敬，欢迎，敬礼( salute的名词复数 )v.欢迎，致敬( salute的第三人称单数 )；赞扬，赞颂 | |
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132
carousal
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| n.喧闹的酒会 | |
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133
sparsely
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| adv.稀疏地；稀少地；不足地；贫乏地 | |
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134
miserable
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| adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的 | |
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135
desolate
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|
| adj.荒凉的，荒芜的；孤独的，凄凉的；v.使荒芜，使孤寂 | |
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136
wilderness
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| n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠 | |
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137
savage
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| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
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138
shrill
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| adj.尖声的；刺耳的；v尖叫 | |
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139
vigilant
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| adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的 | |
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140
apparently
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| adv.显然地；表面上，似乎 | |
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141
dreary
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| adj.令人沮丧的，沉闷的，单调乏味的 | |
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142
dispersed
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| adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的 | |
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143
cavalry
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| n.骑兵；轻装甲部队 | |
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144
scouring
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| 擦[洗]净，冲刷，洗涤 | |
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145
consolidated
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| a.联合的 | |
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146
remarkably
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| ad.不同寻常地，相当地 | |
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147
agitation
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| n.搅动；搅拌；鼓动，煽动 | |
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148
concealing
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| v.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的现在分词 ) | |
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149
miraculous
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| adj.像奇迹一样的，不可思议的 | |
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150
elicited
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| 引出，探出( elicit的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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151
admiration
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| n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 | |
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152
beheld
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| v.看，注视( behold的过去式和过去分词 )；瞧；看呀；（叙述中用于引出某人意外的出现）哎哟 | |
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153
tumult
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| n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹 | |
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154
uproar
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| n.骚动，喧嚣，鼎沸 | |
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155
animated
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| adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的 | |
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156
meridian
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| adj.子午线的；全盛期的 | |
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157
reverberated
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| 回响，回荡( reverberate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使反响，使回荡，使反射 | |
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158
repelled
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| v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开 | |
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159
onset
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| n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始 | |
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160
shrieks
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| n.尖叫声( shriek的名词复数 )v.尖叫( shriek的第三人称单数 ) | |
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161
artillery
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| n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队) | |
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162
rattle
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| v.飞奔，碰响；激怒；n.碰撞声；拨浪鼓 | |
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163
wreck
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| n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难 | |
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164
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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165
warrior
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| n.勇士，武士，斗士 | |
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166
coveted
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| adj.令人垂涎的；垂涎的，梦寐以求的v.贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词)；垂涎；贪图 | |
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167
groaning
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| adj. 呜咽的, 呻吟的 动词groan的现在分词形式 | |
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168
anguish
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| n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼 | |
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169
plunder
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| vt.劫掠财物，掠夺；n.劫掠物，赃物；劫掠 | |
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