Capital letter W
WHEN Elisabeth Louise Vigée was born at Paris, April, 1755, the French court and monarchy2 were still at the height of their splendour and power.
Only a few years since, the chronicler Barbier had remarked, “It is very apparent that we make all Europe move to carry out our plans, and that we lay down the law everywhere.” [2]
Louis XV. was upon the throne; the manners and customs of the ancien régime were in full force, though mitigated3 and softened4 by the growing enlightenment and liberalism which were spreading not only in the literary and professional circles, but amongst the younger generation in all classes.
Middle-aged5 men and women had seen Louis XIV., Louis le Grand, “le Roi Soleil,” as an old man; old people could remember him in the prime of his life, the most magnificent King with the most stately court in Christendom. The Cardinal6 de Luynes, the [4] Maréchal de Croz, the Duc de Richelieu and other grands seigneurs who preserved the manners and traditions of that time, were looked upon as models of courtly manners and high-breeding by those who complained that in the reaction and licence of the regency and court of Louis XV., vice7 and corruption8 were far more unrestrained, more scandalous, less disguised and altogether more indecorous than under the ceremonious and stately rule of his great-grandfather. [3]
The Queen, Marie Leczinska, daughter of Stanislaus, ex-King of Poland, was a harmless, uninteresting woman, who had no ambition, no talent, no influence, and a great many children.
The King had been married to her when he was fifteen and she two-and-twenty; and after the first few years had lived in an open immorality9 which was very general at his court, and for a long time did not much affect his popularity with the nation, though every now and then caricatures and epigrams more witty11 than prudent12 appeared; as, for instance, the following, written upon the base of the pedestal of an equestrian13 statue of him, around which were grouped the figures of Strength, Prudence14, Justice, and Peace:
“Grotesque monument, infame piédestal.
Les vertus sont à pied, le vice est à cheval.”
And a few days afterwards upon the same monument:
[5]
“Il est ici comme à Versailles
Il est sans c?ur et sans entrailles.” [4]
Louis, however, was more selfish and indifferent than cruel. He was by no means like Frederic William of Prussia, a savage16 to his family and his subjects, or like three out of the four Georges of England, who were not only outrageously17 immoral10 themselves, but brutal19 tyrants20 to their wives [5] and bitter enemies of their parents and children.
His court was the most splendid, the most extravagant22, and the most licentious23 in Europe; the cruelty and oppression of many of the great nobles and especially the princes of the blood, were notorious; the laws were harsh and unjust to a frightful24 extent, but they were not of his making. He neglected the Queen, but did not ill-treat her; he was fond of his children and indulgent to them; while, far from being disliked by his subjects, he was called Louis le Bien-aimé.
Barbier, writing in December, 1758, gives another sarcastic25 verse going about in society, which, as it was directed against the King’s all-powerful mistress, the Marquise de Pompadour, attracted general attention, irritated the King, and caused the author, who was discovered to be an officer of the guards, to be sentenced to a year’s imprisonment26, after which to be banished27 to Malta, as he belonged to the order of St. John of Jerusalem.
The lines are as follows, and refer to a chateau28 then being built by Louis for the Marquise de [6] Pompadour, whose original name was Jeanne Antoinette Poisson:
“Fille d’une sangsue, et sangsue elle-même
Poisson d’une arrogance29 extrême,
étale en ce chateau sans crainte et sans effroi
La substance du peuple et la honte du Roi.”
Barbier, a lawyer and man of the world, whose journal of eight volumes gives a vivid impression of the life of that time, after remarking that the sentence was a very lenient30 one, [6] that the chateau was not so large as that of many a fermier général, and that the building thereof gave employment to many poor people, goes on to say, “As for ‘shame,’ ... if it is because the King has a mistress, why who has not? except M. le duc d’Orléans. [7]... The Comte de Clermont, Abbé de Saint-Germain-des-Près, openly keeps Mlle. le Duc, who was an opera dancer; she spends three-quarters of the year at Berny, the Abbé’s country house, where she does the honours. She has a fine house in the rue15 de Richelieu, where the Prince often spends a week. The fathers of the abbey who have business with him go to him there in the morning, for he does not lodge31 in the palace of the abbey. This goes on in sight of every one, and nobody says a word about it.
“For more than twenty years M. le Comte de Charolois has detained in captivity32, against her will, Mme. de Conchamp, wife of a Ma?tre-des-Requêtes, whom he carried off, and who would have been [7] much happier in her own house. Fifteen out of twenty men at the court do not live with their wives but have mistresses, and even amongst private people at Paris, nothing is more frequent; therefore it is ridiculous to expect the King, who is absolutely the master, to be in a worse position than his subjects and all the kings his predecessors33.”
There had, in fact, been a strong reaction against the restraint and dullness of the last few years of the reign of Louis XIV., when the magnificent, pleasure-loving King, whose victorious34 armies had devastated35 Europe, who had made princes of his illegitimate children, lavished37 the riches of the country upon his mistresses, and yet in his stately beauty and fascination38 been the idol39 of France; had changed into a melancholy40 old man, depressed41 and disillusioned42, looking with uneasiness upon the past, with fear upon the future; while the brilliant beauties and splendid festivities of bygone days had given place to virtue43, strict propriety44, and Mme. de Maintenon.
When Louis XIV. died, people were very tired of this altered state of things. For some time they had been extremely dull and were eager for change and amusement.
With a King of five years old, and such a Regent as the Duke of Orléans, they were tolerably sure of both. The reign of pleasure, luxury, and licence began with enthusiasm. Never, during the life of Louis le Grand, had the atmosphere of the Court been what it became under the regency, and under his great-grandson.
The Regent Orléans was not, like the Princes of [8] Condé, Conti, Charolois, and others of the blood royal, cruel, haughty45, or vindictive46; on the contrary, he was good-natured, easy, and indulgent; but he was dissipated, extravagant, and licentious to such a degree that he himself, the court, and his family were the scandal of Europe. The same frenzied47 pursuit of enjoyment48, the same lavish36, sensual, reckless, luxurious49 life, characterised the whole of the reign of Louis XV.
In reading the memoirs50 and chronicles of that time one scarcely realises the existence of the many families and households, especially among the noblesse de province [8] or country gentlemen, and the middle classes, amongst whom the principles of order and religion were observed; and of an increasing circle of literary and philosophic51 persons who inveighed52 against the crimes, vices53, and abuses of the age.
Those whose ideas of France in the eighteenth century are derived54 only from such books as Dickens’ “Tale of Two Cities,” or even from a casual acquaintance with a few of the histories and chronicles of the time, are apt vaguely55 to picture to themselves a nation composed partly of oppressed, starving peasants, and partly of their oppressors, a race of well-bred ruffians and frivolous56, heartless women; all splendidly dressed, graceful57, polite, and charming in their manners amongst themselves; but arrogant58, cruel, and pitiless to those beneath them.
Rigaud
LOUIS XV.
Many such undoubtedly59 there were; the laws [9] were terribly oppressive, the privileges of the favoured classes outrageously unjust; while as for public opinion, Barbier himself remarks that the public is a fool, and must always be unworthy of the consideration of any man.
But still, in all ages human nature is the same, and has to be reckoned with under all circumstances, and that people in general are much better than the laws which govern them is evident.
If the cruel, unjust marriage laws of England, which until a few years ago were in force, had been universally and fully61 carried out, making the husband an almost irresponsible tyrant21 and the wife a helpless, hopeless slave, domestic life would have been hell upon earth. But as the great majority of men had no wish to ill-treat their wives, confiscate62 their money, deprive them of their children or commit any of the atrocities63 sanctioned by the laws of their country, families upon the whole went on in harmony and affection. It was only now and then, when a man did wish to avail himself of the arbitrary power placed in his hands, that the results of such iniquitous64 laws were brought before the public. At the same time, however, the knowledge of their existence and the tone of thought, prejudices, and customs which consequently prevailed, had an influence upon men who were not the least tyrannically inclined, but merely acted in accordance with the ideas and opinions of every one around them.
And amidst all the oppression, vice, and evil of which we hear so often in France of the eighteenth century, there was also much good of which [10] we hear little or nothing. The reason is obvious. Good people are, unfortunately, seldom so amusing to write or read about as bad ones. Has any one ever met with a child who wanted to be told a story about a good little girl or boy? And is it not true, though lamentable65, that there are many persons who would rather read a book about a bushranger than a bishop66?
The noblesse d’epée was the highest, most brilliant, and most scandalous in France; but in its ranks were to be found heroic examples and saintly characters; while far away in the convents and chateaux scattered67 over the country and in quiet bourgeois68 families in the towns lives were led of earnest faith, devotion, and self-denial.
Many an abbess, many a chatelaine spent time and money amongst the rich and poor; and there were seigneurs who helped and protected the peasants on their estates and were regarded by them with loyalty69 and affection. To some extent under the influence of the ideas and prejudices amongst which they had been born and educated, yet they lived upright, honourable70, religious lives, surrounded by a mass of oppression, licence, and corruption in the destruction of which they also were overwhelmed.
Amongst the philosophic set, the “encyclop?dists,” so-called from the encyclop?dia which had been started by Diderot, and to which Grimm, d’Alembert, Buffon, Marmontel, and many other well-known men were contributors, there was a spirit of passionate71 revolt against the cruelties and abuses of the time, an ardent72 thirst for liberty, [11] much generous sympathy with the poor and oppressed, and desire to alleviate73 the sufferings of humanity.
They were, as usual, men of all sorts, shades, and aims. Many, inspired with lofty but unpractical enthusiasm, dreamed of an impossible republic founded upon that of Plato; the ideal of others was a constitutional monarchy and free parliament such as existed in England; there were also, of course, numbers who desired to upset the present order of things so that they might usurp74 the power and seize the property of everybody for themselves.
But besides their hostility75 to religion, the private characters of these philosophers did not, in many cases, by any means correspond with their writings and professions.
Rousseau, notwithstanding his assumption of superior virtue, his pretence76 of being a leader and teacher thereof, his especial exhortations77 and instructions to parents about the care and education of their children, and his theories on friendship and love, was absolutely without gratitude78 for the help and kindness of his friends, ill-tempered, conceited79, and quarrelsome; saw no degradation80 in his liaison81 with a low, uneducated woman, and abandoned all his children in their infancy82 at the gate of the enfants trouvés.
Freethinkers, deists, or open atheists most of them were, delighting in blasphemous83 assaults and attacks, not only upon the Church and religion in general, but upon God himself; and so outrageous18 and scurrilous84 was their habitual85 language [12] upon such subjects that they found it necessary to disguise, by a sort of private slang known only to each other, their conversation in public places where it might be not only offensive to their hearers, but dangerous to themselves.
The salon86 of the famous Mme. Geoffrin was the great resort of philosophers, literary men of different kinds, painters, musicians, and celebrities87 of various countries, people distinguished88 in the political world, or belonging to the court and the great noblesse, French and foreign.
In art, as in everything else, it was still the age of the artificial. The great wigs89 and flowing drapery of the last reign had given place to powder and paint, ribbons and pompons, pink roses, and pale blue satin or velvet91, à la Pompadour.
When people in Parisian society thought of the country, they thought of lambs with ribbons round their necks, shepherdesses in fanciful costumes with long crooks92, or a “rosière” kneeling before the family and friends of the seigneur to be crowned with flowers and presented with a rose as the reward of virtue, in the presence of an admiring crowd of villagers; of conventional gardens, clipped trees, and artificial ruins; but wild, picturesque93 mountain scenery was their abhorrence94.
The taste of the day was expressed in the pictures of the favourite artists, Watteau and Greuze, who painted the graceful groups and landscapes every one admired: charming women sitting in beautiful gardens dressed in costumes suitable for a ball or court festivity, or anything on earth but being out of doors in the country.
[13]
Fragonard, the Proven?al, had more depth and dramatic feeling, the passion of the south and the love of nature in his work gave a stronger, truer, more impressive tone to his pictures; but Boucher, the favourite painter of Louis XV., the Marquise de Pompadour, and the court would seem from his pictures to have looked upon everything in life as if it were a scene in a carnival95 or fête. His goddesses and saints, even the holy Virgin96 herself, were painted from models from the theatre, and looked as if they were; his gardens, roses, silks, satins, nymphs, fountains, and garlands were the supreme97 fashion; every one wanted him to paint their portrait; he had more commissions than he could execute, and his head was turned by the flattery lavished upon him.
David, Chardin, the celebrated98 genre99 painter, Van Loo, Gérard, La Tour, Joseph Vernet, and many others were flourishing. Louis Vigée was also an artist. He painted portraits in pastel, of which his daughter says that they were extremely good, many of them worthy60 of the famous La Tour; also charming scenes after the style of Watteau, in oil.
Although not a great painter he was absolutely devoted100 to his art, in which he would become so absorbed as to forget everything else. On one occasion he was going out to dinner and had already left the house, when he remembered something he wanted to do to a picture upon which he was working. He therefore went back, took off the wig90 he was wearing, put on a night-cap, and began to retouch the picture. Presently he got up, went out again, forgetting all about the night-cap which [14] he still had on, and which formed a singular contrast to his coat trimmed with gold braid, and the sword at his side; and would certainly have presented himself at the party to which he was going in this costume had he not fortunately met a neighbour, who stopped him and pointed101 out the strangeness of his appearance.
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
reign
|
|
| n.统治时期，统治，支配，盛行；v.占优势 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
2
monarchy
|
|
| n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
3
mitigated
|
|
| v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
4
softened
|
|
| （使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
5
middle-aged
|
|
| adj.中年的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
6
cardinal
|
|
| n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
7
vice
|
|
| n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
8
corruption
|
|
| n.腐败，堕落，贪污 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
9
immorality
|
|
| n. 不道德, 无道义 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
10
immoral
|
|
| adj.不道德的，淫荡的，荒淫的，有伤风化的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
11
witty
|
|
| adj.机智的，风趣的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
12
prudent
|
|
| adj.谨慎的，有远见的，精打细算的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
13
equestrian
|
|
| adj.骑马的；n.马术 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
14
prudence
|
|
| n.谨慎，精明，节俭 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
15
rue
|
|
| n.懊悔，芸香，后悔；v.后悔，悲伤，懊悔 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
16
savage
|
|
| adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
17
outrageously
|
|
| 凶残地； 肆无忌惮地； 令人不能容忍地； 不寻常地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
18
outrageous
|
|
| adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
19
brutal
|
|
| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
20
tyrants
|
|
| 专制统治者( tyrant的名词复数 )； 暴君似的人； （古希腊的）僭主； 严酷的事物 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
21
tyrant
|
|
| n.暴君，专制的君主，残暴的人 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
22
extravagant
|
|
| adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
23
licentious
|
|
| adj.放纵的，淫乱的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
24
frightful
|
|
| adj.可怕的；讨厌的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
25
sarcastic
|
|
| adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
26
imprisonment
|
|
| n.关押，监禁，坐牢 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
27
banished
|
|
| v.放逐，驱逐( banish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
28
chateau
|
|
| n.城堡，别墅 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
29
arrogance
|
|
| n.傲慢，自大 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
30
lenient
|
|
| adj.宽大的，仁慈的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
31
lodge
|
|
| v.临时住宿，寄宿，寄存，容纳；n.传达室，小旅馆 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
32
captivity
|
|
| n.囚禁；被俘；束缚 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
33
predecessors
|
|
| n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
34
victorious
|
|
| adj.胜利的，得胜的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
35
devastated
|
|
| v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
36
lavish
|
|
| adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
37
lavished
|
|
| v.过分给予，滥施( lavish的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
38
fascination
|
|
| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
39
idol
|
|
| n.偶像，红人，宠儿 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
40
melancholy
|
|
| n.忧郁，愁思；adj.令人感伤（沮丧）的，忧郁的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
41
depressed
|
|
| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
42
disillusioned
|
|
| a.不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
43
virtue
|
|
| n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
44
propriety
|
|
| n.正当行为；正当；适当 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
45
haughty
|
|
| adj.傲慢的，高傲的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
46
vindictive
|
|
| adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
47
frenzied
|
|
| a.激怒的；疯狂的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
48
enjoyment
|
|
| n.乐趣；享有；享用 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
49
luxurious
|
|
| adj.精美而昂贵的；豪华的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
50
memoirs
|
|
| n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
51
philosophic
|
|
| adj.哲学的，贤明的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
52
inveighed
|
|
| v.猛烈抨击，痛骂，谩骂( inveigh的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
53
vices
|
|
| 缺陷( vice的名词复数 )； 恶习； 不道德行为； 台钳 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
54
derived
|
|
| vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
55
vaguely
|
|
| adv.含糊地，暖昧地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
56
frivolous
|
|
| adj.轻薄的；轻率的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
57
graceful
|
|
| adj.优美的，优雅的；得体的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
58
arrogant
|
|
| adj.傲慢的，自大的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
59
undoubtedly
|
|
| adv.确实地，无疑地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
60
worthy
|
|
| adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
61
fully
|
|
| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
62
confiscate
|
|
| v.没收(私人财产)，把…充公 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
63
atrocities
|
|
| n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
64
iniquitous
|
|
| adj.不公正的；邪恶的；高得出奇的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
65
lamentable
|
|
| adj.令人惋惜的，悔恨的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
66
bishop
|
|
| n.主教，（国际象棋）象 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
67
scattered
|
|
| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
68
bourgeois
|
|
| adj./n.追求物质享受的(人)；中产阶级分子 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
69
loyalty
|
|
| n.忠诚，忠心 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
70
honourable
|
|
| adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
71
passionate
|
|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
72
ardent
|
|
| adj.热情的，热烈的，强烈的，烈性的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
73
alleviate
|
|
| v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
74
usurp
|
|
| vt.篡夺，霸占；vi.篡位 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
75
hostility
|
|
| n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
76
pretence
|
|
| n.假装，作假；借口，口实；虚伪；虚饰 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
77
exhortations
|
|
| n.敦促( exhortation的名词复数 )；极力推荐；（正式的）演讲；（宗教仪式中的）劝诫 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
78
gratitude
|
|
| adj.感激，感谢 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
79
conceited
|
|
| adj.自负的，骄傲自满的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
80
degradation
|
|
| n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
81
liaison
|
|
| n.联系，（未婚男女间的）暖昧关系，私通 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
82
infancy
|
|
| n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
83
blasphemous
|
|
| adj.亵渎神明的，不敬神的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
84
scurrilous
|
|
| adj.下流的，恶意诽谤的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
85
habitual
|
|
| adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
86
salon
|
|
| n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
87
celebrities
|
|
| n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
88
distinguished
|
|
| adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
89
wigs
|
|
| n.假发，法官帽( wig的名词复数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
90
wig
|
|
| n.假发 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
91
velvet
|
|
| n.丝绒，天鹅绒；adj.丝绒制的，柔软的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
92
crooks
|
|
| n.骗子( crook的名词复数 )；罪犯；弯曲部分；（牧羊人或主教用的）弯拐杖v.弯成钩形( crook的第三人称单数 ) | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
93
picturesque
|
|
| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
94
abhorrence
|
|
| n.憎恶；可憎恶的事 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
95
carnival
|
|
| n.嘉年华会，狂欢，狂欢节，巡回表演 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
96
virgin
|
|
| n.处女，未婚女子；adj.未经使用的；未经开发的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
97
supreme
|
|
| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
98
celebrated
|
|
| adj.有名的，声誉卓著的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
99
genre
|
|
| n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
100
devoted
|
|
| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
|
101
pointed
|
|
| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
参考例句： |
|
|
|
| 欢迎访问英文小说网 |